CN108754637B - Melt differential electrospinning device and method for continuous direct plasticizing and feeding of film - Google Patents
Melt differential electrospinning device and method for continuous direct plasticizing and feeding of film Download PDFInfo
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- CN108754637B CN108754637B CN201810929614.6A CN201810929614A CN108754637B CN 108754637 B CN108754637 B CN 108754637B CN 201810929614 A CN201810929614 A CN 201810929614A CN 108754637 B CN108754637 B CN 108754637B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a melt differential electrospinning device and method for continuous direct plasticizing and feeding of a film, wherein the device mainly comprises a side plate, an unreeling roller, a motor, a heating roller, a scraping plate, a baffle plate, a blanking ring, an electrode plate, a high-voltage electrostatic generator, an air compressor and a collecting roller, wherein the film is wound on the unreeling roller, and the two ends of the heating roller are electrified and heated to a set temperature so as to ensure that the film can be melted in a short time; the film is pulled to the surface of the heating roller by an insulating tool, the film is gradually tensioned, and the motor is adjusted to enable the heating roller and the unreeling roller to reach proper rotating speeds so as to achieve optimal feeding speed; the idea of directly utilizing the film rapidly extruded by the extruder as the raw material solves the problem of degradation and oxidation of the melt, obviously improves the spinning quality, and in addition, the melt flows out through a long and narrow gap to participate in spinning, so that the jet flow is more, and the spinning efficiency is high. The device has simple structure, improves the product quality while improving the product efficiency, and meets the requirement of industrial production stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a melt differential electrospinning device and method for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film, belonging to the field of electrospinning.
Background
The electrostatic spinning method has the advantages of wide raw material applicability, low cost, simple equipment and the like, and is widely considered by academia and industry as a simple and efficient method for industrially preparing micro-nano fibers, and is also the most promising process method. The basic principle is that polymer solution or melt forms Taylor cone at the end of capillary under the action of high-voltage electrostatic field, and then flies to receiving device, solvent in solution evaporates or melt solidifies, finally forming superfine fiber on receiving device. Among them, the solution electrospinning method is attracting attention in recent years because of environmental pollution and other problems caused by the use of organic solvents.
With the development of melt electrostatic spinning technology, an extruder is adopted in the melt electrostatic spinning process to plasticize plastics, granular or massive plastic solids are heated by a screw plasticization and heating device in the extruder and then are melted into melt, the melt flows out of a flow channel of the extruder and then flows and deforms in a high-voltage electrostatic field, and finally, the melt is cooled, solidified and collected by a collecting device. For example, a linear jet needle-free electrostatic spinning device (CN 103590121 a) uses the idea of linear jet, after the material is plasticized and melted by an extruder, the melt is attached to the surface of the roller along with the rotation of the roller, and a continuous linear jet is formed by a deflector fixed in the center of the upper surface of the roller, so that the spinning quality and jet uniformity are improved.
The invention relates to a spinning method for preparing a spinning material, which is characterized in that a spinning process is adopted, a spinning material is prepared from a plastic film, a heating roller is used for melting the plastic film, and the plastic film is heated to melt the plastic film.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a melt differential electrospinning device and method for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film, which directly uses a processed film as a raw material based on the original melt differential spinning technology, continuously and uniformly supplies a polymer melt, and aims to avoid material denaturation caused by long-time heating.
The invention provides a melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film, which mainly comprises a side plate, an unreeling roller, a motor, a heating roller, a scraping plate, a baffle plate, a blanking ring, an electrode plate, a high-voltage electrostatic generator, an air compressor and a collecting roller, wherein the unreeling roller, the heating roller and the collecting roller are respectively and directly connected with the motor through a coupler and acquire rotary motion, the unreeling roller, the heating roller, the blanking ring, the electrode plate and the collecting roller are respectively arranged on the side plate from top to bottom, the arc surface of the scraping plate is parallel to the cylindrical outer surface of the heating roller and in clearance fit with the cylindrical outer surface of the heating roller through screws, grooves are formed in the surfaces of the two ends of the scraping plate in the axis direction of the heating roller, the baffle plate is fixed on the inclined upper side of the scraping plate through rods, one end of the heating roller is provided with a through hole, the baffle plate and the gap fit with the shaft, the gap between the baffle plate and the scraping plate can be adjusted through the rotary motion of the baffle plate, the gap between the baffle plate and the scraping plate is arranged on the outer side of the blanking ring, the blanking ring is sleeved on the middle part of the blanking ring in the height direction, the blanking ring is connected with the air compressor through the high-voltage electrostatic field, and the high-voltage electrostatic field is required to be supplied to the high voltage air compressor, and the high voltage electrostatic field is required to be supplied to the spinning air compressor.
The melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding the film is prepared from a film, wherein the film is formed by rapidly extruding and casting by an extruder or film blowing, the film has proper plasticizing time by setting the rotating speed of a heating roller and the surface temperature of the heating roller, the film rotates along with the heating roller for conveying molten film material melt at a certain angle, and then the melt is timely led to a scraper when rotating to the scraper along with the heating roller.
The melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding the film provided by the patent of the invention can use carbon resistance heating modes such as graphite or graphene and the like as roll materials, and the graphite has good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, fast heat transfer and good temperature controllability. The heating roller can be heated by using a heating medium, and the heating medium can be high-temperature heat conducting oil, high-temperature gas or other high-temperature resistant liquid and other mediums. The melting temperature range of the common plastic film is 100-300 ℃, the surface temperature of the heating roller can be regulated and controlled to be set to 40-500 ℃, most plastic films can be melted, and the device has wide adaptability. If the roller body material is used as a heating resistor for direct heating, the surface of the roller is electrified, and in order to prevent electrostatic interference and electrostatic breakdown from a spinning high-voltage electrostatic field, a layer of high-temperature resistant insulating material is coated on the arc surface of a scraper matched with the heating roller, wherein the material can be hexagonal boron nitride, fluororubber or polytetrafluoroethylene.
The invention provides a melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film, wherein a baffle plate can adjust the gap range between the baffle plate and a scraper plate through a fixedly connected rotating shaft, and the gap adjusting range is 0.05-3mm. The arrangement of the baffle plate plays roles of heat preservation and protection of melt oxidation caused by contact of the melt and air, and meanwhile, gaps between the baffle plate and the scraping plate are beneficial to improving the melt flow rate of film conversion and the uniformity of melt distribution in the linear direction of the slit, and are beneficial to obtaining stable and uniform multiple jet flows. The baffle plate is positioned above the scraping plate to shield the melt, if the gap is smaller than 0.05mm, the melt cannot flow out, and if the gap is larger than 3mm, the baffle plate loses the blocking effect, and the gap range is set to be 0.05mm-3mm.
The invention provides a melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film, wherein a gap between a scraping plate and a baffle plate is positioned right above a through hole of a blanking ring, the gap is completely positioned in the range of the through hole when seen from top to bottom, and the melt forms jet flow from the gap and completely passes through the blanking ring. The auxiliary airflow has a larger impact on the inner wall of the blanking ring during spinning, and the blanking ring is designed into an annular shape to prevent stress concentration under the condition that the jet flow completely passes through. The shape of the central through hole of the electrode plate is the same as the shape of the blanking ring, and the electrode plate can be better fixed with the blanking ring, and the voltage range of the electrode plate is 10-50kV.
The invention provides a melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film, wherein a blowing hole is formed in a shell of a blanking ring and is connected with an air compressor through a conduit, when spinning, the air compressor is opened to blow the blowing hole, air below the blanking ring is blown away to form negative pressure, air above the blanking ring can be extruded below to form strong air flow from top to bottom, the strong air flow accelerates jet flow and exerts friction stretching force, fiber refinement is promoted, and the blowing wind force of the blanking ring is controlled by a valve on the air compressor.
The patent of the invention provides a kind ofMelt differential electrospinning device for continuous direct plasticizing and feeding of film, wherein the rotating speed n of a heating roller a With the rotational speed n of the unreeling roller t Satisfy n a ≥n t The film between the heating roller and the unreeling roller is always pulled by the heating roller, and the film is in a tight state when the film rotates along with the heating roller, so that continuous feeding is ensured.
The invention provides an operation method corresponding to a melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film, which comprises the following steps: winding the film on an unreeling roller, adjusting the gap between the scraping plate and the striker plate, and electrifying and heating the two ends of the heating roller to a set temperature to ensure that the film can be melted in a short time; starting and adjusting the rotating speed of a motor to slowly drive the heating roller, pulling the film to the surface of the heating roller by using an insulating tool, gradually tensioning the film, driving the motor to slowly rotate the unreeling roller, and adjusting the motor to enable the heating roller and the unreeling roller to reach proper rotating speeds so as to achieve optimal feeding speed; the film is led to the scraping plate along with the rotation of the heating roller for a short time after being melted on the heating roller, the heating time of the melt is short, the collecting roller is started before the melt flows to a gap between the scraping plate and the striker plate, the high-voltage electrostatic generator is started to form a high-voltage electrostatic field, the air compressor is started to enable the blanking port to form a strong air flow from top to bottom, the melt forms multiple jet flows, and the melt is stretched and solidified into fibers under the action of the electric field and auxiliary air flow and finally collected by the collecting roller.
The melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding the film provided by the invention directly utilizes the idea of taking the film rapidly extruded by an extruder as a raw material, solves the problem of degradation and oxidization of the melt, obviously improves the spinning quality, and has the advantages of multiple jet flows and high spinning efficiency, wherein the melt flows out through a long and narrow gap to participate in spinning. The device has simple structure, improves the product quality while improving the product efficiency, and meets the requirement of industrial production stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of a melt differential electrospinning apparatus for continuous direct plasticizing of a film in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the X-X plane of the electrospinning apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the blanking ring blow port shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a gap between the flighting and the striker plate shown in FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1-side plates; 2-a film feeding roller; 3-motor; a 4-coupling; 5-heating a roller; 6-scraping plates; 7-a striker plate; 8-a high voltage electrostatic generator; 9-electrode plates; 10-blanking rings; 11-an air compressor; 12-collection roller.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film. As shown in figures 1-4, the electrospinning device mainly comprises a side plate 1, an unreeling roller 2, a motor 3, a coupler 4, a heating roller 5, a scraping plate 6, a baffle plate 7, a high-voltage static generator 8, an electrode plate 9, a blanking ring 10, an air compressor 11 and a collecting roller 12, wherein the unreeling roller 2, the heating roller 5 and the collecting roller 11 are directly connected with the motor 3 through the coupler 4, the unreeling roller 2, the heating roller 5, the blanking ring 10, the electrode plate 9 and the collecting roller 12 are respectively installed from top to bottom, the unreeling roller 2, the heating roller 5, the blanking ring 10 and the electrode plate 12 are connected to the side plate 1 through screws, the arc surface C surface of the scraping plate 6 is parallel to the cylindrical outer surface of the heating roller 5 and in clearance fit, the scraping plate 6 is fastened and fixed by a rod clamp, the side surface of the baffle plate 7 is provided with a through hole, the baffle plate 7 is fixed on a shaft through a wedge key, two ends of the shaft are in threaded connection with the side plate 1, the lowest side of the B surface of the scraping plate 6 and the A surface of the baffle plate 7 are in the same horizontal plane, gaps are arranged between the lowest side edges of the scraping plate 6 and the A surface of the baffle plate, the blanking ring 10 and the blanking ring 9 are respectively arranged under the gaps, the blanking ring 10 and the blanking ring 9 are connected with the blanking ring 10 and the electrode plate 9 in the middle of the height direction, the height 10 is connected with the high-voltage ring 10, the middle of the output device, and the high voltage device is connected with the high voltage ring 10, and the static device is connected with the high voltage 10, and the output device.
The spinning process by adopting the invention comprises the following steps: heating roller 5 to the settlement temperature, start motor 3, provide a lower rotational speed for heating roller 5, pull the film to the suitable position in heating roller 5 surface, then motor 3 slowly drive unreel roller 2 rotatory, afterwards adjust motor rotational speed, make heating roller 5 and unreel roller 2 reach suitable rotational speed, the film melts along with heating roller 5 rotates to suitable position, when the fuse-element moves to scraper blade 6 position, be drawn to scraper blade 6 surface B, the motor starts and collects roller 12 rotation, open high-voltage electrostatic generator 8, produce high-voltage electrostatic field between metal sheet 9 and scraper blade 6, open air compressor 11 valve, when the fuse-element flows to the gap between scraper blade 6 and striker plate 7, under high-voltage electrostatic field and blowing effect, the spinning starts, spinning fiber is collected through collecting roller 12.
One specific example of melt electrospinning is as follows: the outer diameter of the unreeling roller 2 is 120mm, the rotating speed 3 of a connected motor is set to be 2r/min, a PLA film is used, the thickness of the film is 0.02, the width of the film is 350mm, the outer diameter of the heating roller 5 is 120mm, the surface set temperature of the roller body of the heating roller 5 is 220 ℃, the rotating speed of the connected motor 3 is set to be 2r/min, the gap between the scraping plate 6 and the baffle plate 7 is set to be 0.5mm, the blanking ring 10 is 50mm below the gap, the collecting roller 12 is 300mm below the blanking ring 10, the diameter is 100mm, when a melt flows out from the gap, 35kV positive voltage is added to an electrode plate, the scraping plate 6 and the baffle plate 7 are grounded, the number of jet flow is 170, the spinning efficiency is 170g/h, and the diameter of spinning fiber is within the range of 200-800 nm.
Claims (6)
1. A melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film is characterized in that: the high-voltage electrostatic spinning machine mainly comprises a side plate, an unreeling roller, a motor, a heating roller, a scraping plate, a material baffle, a blanking ring, an electrode plate, a high-voltage electrostatic generator, an air compressor and a collecting roller, wherein the unreeling roller, the heating roller and the collecting roller are respectively and directly connected with the motor through a coupler and acquire rotary motion; the heating roller adopts graphite or graphene as a roller body material, and a layer of high-temperature resistant insulating material is coated on the arc surface of the scraping plate matched with the heating roller; the rotating speed of the heating roller is greater than or equal to that of the unreeling roller, the film between the heating roller and the unreeling roller is always pulled by the heating roller, and the film is in a tight state when rotating along with the heating roller, so that continuous feeding is ensured.
2. A melt differential electrospinning apparatus for continuous direct plasticizing of a film according to claim 1, wherein: a layer of high-temperature resistant insulating material smeared on the arc surface of the scraping plate is hexagonal boron nitride, fluororubber or polytetrafluoroethylene.
3. A melt differential electrospinning apparatus for continuous direct plasticizing of a film according to claim 1, wherein: heating is performed in the heating roller by using a heating medium, wherein the heating medium is high-temperature heat conduction oil or high-temperature gas.
4. A melt differential electrospinning apparatus for continuous direct plasticizing of a film according to claim 1, wherein: the gap range between the baffle plate and the scraping plate is adjusted through a fixedly connected rotating shaft, and the gap adjusting range is 0.05-3mm.
5. A melt differential electrospinning apparatus for continuous direct plasticizing of a film according to claim 1, wherein: the gap between the scraping plate and the baffle plate is positioned right above the through hole of the blanking ring, the gap is completely positioned in the range of the through hole when seen from top to bottom, and the melt forms jet flow from the gap to completely pass through the blanking ring.
6. A melt differential electrospinning method for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film is characterized in that a melt differential electrospinning device for continuously and directly plasticizing and feeding a film is adopted, the film is firstly wound on an unreeling roller, the gap between a scraping plate and a baffle plate is adjusted, and two ends of a heating roller are electrified and heated to 220-500 ℃ at a set temperature, so that the film can be melted before reaching the scraping plate and is not degraded and oxidized; starting and adjusting the rotating speed of a motor to slowly drive a heating roller, pulling a film to the surface of the heating roller by using an insulating tool, gradually tensioning the film, driving the motor to slowly rotate an unreeling roller, and adjusting the motor to enable the heating roller and the unreeling roller to reach the speed of 2 r/min; the film is melted before reaching the scraping plate on the heating roller and is not degraded and oxidized, then is connected to the scraping plate along with the rotation of the heating roller, the melt flows to the gap between the scraping plate and the baffle plate, the collecting roller is started, the high-voltage electrostatic generator is opened to form a high-voltage electrostatic field, the air compressor is opened to enable the blanking port to form strong air flow from top to bottom, the melt forms multiple jet flows, and the melt is stretched and solidified into fibers under the action of the electric field and auxiliary air flow and finally is collected by the collecting roller.
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| CN201810929614.6A CN108754637B (en) | 2018-08-15 | 2018-08-15 | Melt differential electrospinning device and method for continuous direct plasticizing and feeding of film |
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| CN108754637B true CN108754637B (en) | 2023-07-25 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109440201A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-08 | 武汉华威科智能技术有限公司 | A kind of electrofluid ejecting device for melt electrostatic spinning |
| CN118544498B (en) * | 2024-05-28 | 2024-10-29 | 徐州屹之澜光电科技有限公司 | Thermal insulation frame for POF film production and processing |
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