CN108738148B

CN108738148B - Data transmission method and equipment

Info

Publication number: CN108738148B
Application number: CN201710360778.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘文东; 王昭诚; 徐凯; 庄宏成
Original assignee: Tsinghua University; Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Tsinghua University; Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-04-25
Filing date: 2017-05-19
Publication date: 2021-01-12
Anticipated expiration: 2037-05-19
Also published as: CN108738148A

Abstract

The application discloses a data transmission method and equipment, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the training time overhead of TRP and UE is large, the initial access delay is high and the spectrum efficiency of a system is low in the data transmission process. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a base station sends a first set number of wide beams to user equipment for beam training, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine the value of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams; and the base station receives the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam sent by the user equipment.

Description

Data transmission method and equipment

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to a data transmission method and device.

Background

In the same cell, a New air interface (NR) between a base station (Transmit and Receive Point, TPR) and User Equipment (UE) supports signal bandwidth, wavelength, and millimeter wave high frequency band beneficial to realization of a large-scale antenna array, but the millimeter wave high frequency band has disadvantages of high path loss, low signal receiving power, and poor coverage performance.

In the prior art, both the TRP and the UE are equipped with multiple antennas, which can support a multi-beam transmission scenario, and in downlink transmission, the TRP selects an optimal transmit beam from a plurality of transmit beams, and the UE selects an optimal receive beam from a plurality of receive beams, so that the TRP and the UE beam pair are matched, and the UE has the strongest receive power. When the optimal TRP and UE beam pair is initially accessed and matched, the TRP and the UE adopt a beam scanning and beam training mode to select the optimal beam pair for data transmission, and the TRP is assumed to provide M_tOne transmitting beam, UE providing M_rThe more TRP and UE end beams, M_tM_rThe larger the size, the higher the reception quality of data transmission after beamforming, but when the number of beams increases, the overhead of beam scanning and beam training time is larger, so that the initial access delay is higher, and the spectrum efficiency of the system is reduced.

In summary, how to reduce the training time overhead, reduce the initial access delay, and improve the spectrum efficiency of the system while maintaining the data transmission quality is a problem to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides a data transmission method and equipment, which are used for reducing the overhead of training time of TRP and UE, reducing initial access delay and improving the spectrum efficiency of a system under the condition of keeping the data transmission quality.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a data transmission method, including: the method comprises the steps that a base station sends a first set number of wide beams to user equipment for beam training, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine the value of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams; and the base station receives the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam sent by the user equipment.

In the embodiment of the application, the base station sends the first set number of wide beams to the user equipment, the user equipment performs beam scanning and beam training on the first set number of wide beams, and the base station receives the value of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams determined by the user equipment according to the beam training to determine the optimal narrow beam, so that the training time overhead and the access delay are reduced.

In one possible design, after the base station determines a sequence number of an optimal narrow beam transmitted by the user equipment, the method further includes: and the base station sends downlink data to the user equipment through the optimal narrow beam corresponding to the sequence number.

In the embodiment of the application, data transmission is performed through the optimal narrow beam in the optimal wide beam, so that the service quality of data transmission during beamforming is improved, namely the spectrum efficiency of a system is improved.

In a second aspect, the present application provides a data transmission method, including: the method comprises the steps that user equipment receives a first set number of wide beams sent by a base station, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams; the user equipment carries out beam training on the first set number of wide beams to determine the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively; the user equipment determines the optimal narrow beam according to the receiving quality values respectively corresponding to the first set number of wide beams; and the user equipment sends the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam to the base station.

In the embodiment of the application, the user equipment receives the first set number of wide beams sent by the base station, performs beam scanning and beam training on the first set number of wide beams, and determines the optimal narrow beam according to the value of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams determined by the beam training, so that the training time overhead and the access delay are reduced. When a plurality of user equipment exist, each user equipment selects the corresponding optimal narrow beam according to the process, the optimal narrow beams are not influenced mutually, and the service quality of data transmission of a multi-user equipment scene is improved.

In one possible design, after the ue sends the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam to the base station, the method further includes:

and the user equipment receives downlink data sent by the base station through the optimal narrow beam corresponding to the sequence number.

In one possible design, the determining, by the user equipment, an optimal narrow beam according to the reception quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams includes:

the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, selects a value of optimal receiving quality and at least one value of suboptimal receiving quality from the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, determines a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the value of optimal receiving quality and the at least one value of suboptimal receiving quality, and determines an optimal narrow beam from the narrow beams included in the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio.

In one possible design, the determining, by the user equipment, an optimal narrow beam among the narrow beams included in the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio includes:

and the user equipment searches for the narrow beam identification information corresponding to the log-likelihood ratio in a preset mapping table corresponding to the optimal wide beam through the log-likelihood ratio, and takes the narrow beam corresponding to the searched identification information as the optimal narrow beam.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a data transmission method, including: the method comprises the steps that a base station sends a first set number of wide beams to user equipment for beam training, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine the value of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams; the base station receives the serial number of the optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam determined by the value of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams; and the base station determines the serial number of the optimal narrow beam according to the serial number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

In the embodiment of the application, the base station sends the first set number of wide beams to the user equipment, the user equipment performs beam scanning and beam training on the first set number of wide beams, the base station receives the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam determined by the user equipment according to the value of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams determined by the beam training, and determines the number of the optimal narrow beam according to the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, so that the training time overhead and the access delay are reduced.

In one possible design, after the base station determines the number of the optimal narrow beam according to the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, the method further includes:

and the base station sends downlink data to the user equipment through the optimal narrow beam corresponding to the sequence number.

In one possible design, the determining, by the base station, the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam according to the sequence number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam includes:

the base station determines the optimal wide beam corresponding to the sequence number according to the sequence number of the optimal wide beam;

and the base station searches for the narrow beam identification information corresponding to the log-likelihood ratio in a preset mapping table corresponding to the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, and takes the searched narrow beam identification information as the serial number of the optimal narrow beam.

In the embodiment of the application, the preset mapping table corresponding to the optimal wide beam is stored at the base station side, so that the storage resource at the user equipment side is saved, and the implementation complexity and the calculation power consumption of the user equipment are reduced.

In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a data transmission method, including: the method comprises the steps that user equipment receives a first set number of wide beams sent by a base station, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams; the user equipment carries out beam training on the first set number of wide beams to determine the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively; the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams; the user equipment sends the sequence number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam to the base station.

In one possible design, after the user equipment transmits the sequence number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam to the base station, the method further includes:

and the user equipment receives downlink data sent by the base station through the optimal narrow beam.

In one possible design, the determining, by the user equipment, an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the values of the reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, includes:

and the user equipment determines the optimal wide beams according to the receiving quality values respectively corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, selects the value of the optimal receiving quality and at least one suboptimal receiving quality value from the receiving quality values respectively corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, and determines the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beams according to the value of the optimal receiving quality and the at least one suboptimal receiving quality value.

In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a data transmission method, including: the method comprises the steps that a base station sends a first set number of wide beams to user equipment for beam training, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively; the base station receives the serial number of the optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment, and the value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the receiving quality of at least one suboptimum wide beam in the values of the receiving quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams; the base station determines the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the receiving quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam; and the base station determines the serial number of the optimal narrow beam according to the serial number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

In the embodiment of the application, a base station sends a first set number of wide beams to user equipment, the user equipment performs beam scanning and beam training on the first set number of wide beams, the base station receives a value of receiving quality corresponding to an optimal wide beam and a value of receiving quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam in values of receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams determined by the user equipment according to the beam training, determines a number of the optimal narrow beam according to the number of the optimal wide beam and the log likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam determined according to the value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the receiving quality of the at least one suboptimal wide beam in the values of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams, and reduces training time overhead and access delay. And the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam is calculated at the base station side, so that the storage resource at the user equipment side is saved, and the realization complexity and the calculation power consumption of the user equipment are reduced.

and the base station sends downlink data to the user equipment through the optimal narrow beam.

and the base station searches for the narrow beam identification information corresponding to the log-likelihood ratio in a mapping table preset to correspond to the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, and takes the searched narrow beam identification information as the serial number of the optimal narrow beam.

In a sixth aspect, the present application provides a data transmission method, including: the method comprises the steps that user equipment receives a first set number of wide beams sent by a base station, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams; the user equipment carries out beam training on the first set number of wide beams to determine the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively; the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam according to the value of the first set number of receiving qualities; and the user equipment sends the sequence number of the optimal wide beam, and the value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the receiving quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam in the values of the receiving qualities corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively to the base station.

In one possible design, after the user equipment transmits the sequence number of the optimal wide beam, and a value of reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and a value of reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam among values of reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively, to the base station, the method further includes:

In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a base station, including: a transmitting unit, configured to transmit a first set number of wide beams to a user equipment for beam training, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine a value of reception quality of the first set number of wide beams; and the receiving unit is used for receiving the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam sent by the user equipment.

In one possible design, the sending unit is further configured to,

and sending downlink data to the user equipment through the optimal narrow beam corresponding to the sequence number.

In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a user equipment, including: the receiving unit is used for receiving a first set number of wide beams sent by the base station, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams; the processing unit is used for performing beam training on the first set number of wide beams, determining the values of the receiving quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively, and determining the optimal narrow beam according to the values of the receiving quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively; a sending unit, configured to send the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam to the base station.

In one possible design, the receiving unit is further configured to:

and receiving downlink data sent by the base station through the optimal narrow beam corresponding to the sequence number.

In one possible design, the processing unit is specifically configured to:

determining an optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, selecting an optimal receiving quality value and at least one suboptimal receiving quality value from the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, determining a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the optimal receiving quality value and the at least one suboptimal receiving quality value, and determining an optimal narrow beam from the narrow beams included in the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio.

In one possible design, the processing unit is specifically configured to:

and searching for the narrow beam identification information corresponding to the log-likelihood ratio in a preset mapping table corresponding to the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio, and taking the narrow beam corresponding to the searched identification information as the optimal narrow beam.

In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a base station, comprising: a transmitting unit, configured to transmit a first set number of wide beams to a user equipment for beam training, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine a value of reception quality of the first set number of wide beams; a receiving unit, configured to receive a number of an optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam determined by a value of reception quality of the first set number of wide beams; and the processing unit is used for determining the serial number of the optimal narrow beam according to the serial number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

In one possible design, the sending unit is further configured to:

In one possible design, the processing unit is specifically configured to:

determining the optimal wide beam corresponding to the sequence number according to the sequence number of the optimal wide beam;

and searching for the narrow beam identification information corresponding to the log-likelihood ratio in a preset mapping table corresponding to the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, and taking the searched narrow beam identification information as the serial number of the optimal narrow beam.

In a tenth aspect, the present application provides a user equipment, including: the receiving unit is used for receiving a first set number of wide beams sent by the base station, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams; the processing unit is used for carrying out beam training on the first set number of wide beams and determining the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams; determining an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams; a transmitting unit configured to transmit the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam to the base station.

In one possible design, the receiving unit is further configured to:

and receiving downlink data sent by the base station through the optimal narrow beam.

In one possible design, the processing unit is specifically configured to:

and determining an optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, selecting an optimal receiving quality value and at least one suboptimal receiving quality value from the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, and determining the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the optimal receiving quality value and the at least one suboptimal receiving quality value.

In an eleventh aspect, the present application provides a base station, comprising: a transmitting unit, configured to transmit a first set number of wide beams to a user equipment for beam training, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine values of reception quality respectively corresponding to the first set number of wide beams; a receiving unit, configured to receive a sequence number of an optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment, and a value of reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and a value of reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam in values of reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively; and the processing unit is used for determining the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the receiving quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam, and determining the number of the optimal narrow beam according to the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

In one possible design, the sending unit is further configured to:

and sending downlink data to the user equipment through the optimal narrow beam.

In one possible design, the processing unit is specifically configured to:

and searching for the narrow beam identification information corresponding to the log-likelihood ratio in a mapping table preset to the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, and taking the searched narrow beam identification information as the serial number of the optimal narrow beam.

In a twelfth aspect, the present application provides a user equipment, including: the receiving unit is used for receiving a first set number of wide beams sent by the base station, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams; the processing unit is used for performing beam training on the first set number of wide beams, determining the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively, and determining the optimal wide beam according to the first set number of receiving quality values; a transmitting unit, configured to transmit the sequence number of the optimal wide beam, and a value of reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and a value of reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam among values of reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively, to the base station.

In one possible design, the receiving unit is further configured to:

In a thirteenth aspect, the present application provides a base station, comprising:

a transceiver, a processor, and a memory;

the memory is configured to store a software program, and the processor is configured to read the software program stored in the memory, and to transmit and receive data via the transceiver, and in particular to perform the method according to any one of the first aspect, the third aspect, the fifth aspect, or the fifth aspect.

In a fourteenth aspect, the present application provides a user equipment, comprising:

a transceiver, a processor, and a memory;

the memory is used for storing a software program, and the processor is used for reading the software program stored in the memory and transmitting and receiving data through the transceiver, and is specifically used for executing the method of any one of the second aspect, any one of the designs of the second aspect, the fourth aspect, any one of the designs of the fourth aspect, the sixth aspect or the sixth aspect.

In a fifteenth aspect, the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium storing computer software instructions for performing the functions of any one of the designs of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, the sixth aspect, or the sixth aspect, including a program designed to implement the method of any one of the designs of the first aspect, the second aspect, the third aspect, the fourth aspect, the fifth aspect, the sixth aspect, or the sixth aspect described above.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-beam system provided herein;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a downlink beam training and data transmission frame structure of a multi-beam system according to the present application;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a data transmission method provided herein;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a narrow beam distribution provided in the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wide beam profile provided herein;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of another data transmission method provided herein;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of yet another data transmission method provided herein;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a downlink beam training and data transmission frame structure of another multi-beam system provided in the present application;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a cumulative distribution function of a simulation result of an average downlink spectral efficiency provided in the present application;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a data transmission method provided by the present application;

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of another data transmission method provided herein;

FIG. 12 is a flow chart of yet another data transmission method provided herein;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a downlink beam training and data transmission frame structure of another multi-beam system according to the present application;

fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a cumulative distribution function of a simulation result of another average downlink spectral efficiency provided in the present application;

FIG. 15 is a flow chart of a data transmission method provided by the present application;

FIG. 16 is a flow chart of yet another data transmission method provided herein;

FIG. 17 is a flow chart of yet another data transmission method provided herein;

fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a downlink beam training and data transmission frame structure of another multi-beam system provided in the present application;

FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a cumulative distribution function of simulation results of another average downlink spectral efficiency provided by the present application;

fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a base station provided in the present application;

fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a user equipment provided in the present application;

fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of another base station provided in the present application;

fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of still another user equipment provided in the present application;

fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of another base station provided in the present application;

fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of still another user equipment provided in the present application;

fig. 26 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a base station provided in the present application;

fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of still another user equipment provided in the present application.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Hereinafter, some terms in the present application are explained to be understood by those skilled in the art.

A user equipment, which may be referred to as a terminal, a mobile station, a terminal device, or a mobile terminal, may communicate with one or more core Network devices via a Radio Access Network (RAN). The user equipment may be a mobile phone (or so-called "cellular" phone) or a computer with a mobile terminal, etc., e.g. the user equipment may also be a portable, pocket, hand-held, computer-included or car-mounted mobile device. The user equipment can also be internet of things equipment, such as a meter terminal, wearable equipment, logistics tracking, elevator pictures or satellite equipment and other internet of things equipment. They exchange voice and/or data with the radio access network.

The plural in the present application means two or more.

In addition, it is to be understood that the terms first, second, etc. in the description of the present application are used for distinguishing between the descriptions and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order.

In the prior art, both the TRP and the UE are equipped with multiple antennas, which can support a multi-beam transmission scenario, and in downlink transmission, the TRP selects an optimal transmit beam from a plurality of transmit beams, and the UE selects an optimal receive beam from a plurality of receive beams, so that the TRP and the UE beam pair are matched, and the UE has the strongest receive power. As shown in fig. 1, the black beams in fig. 1 are the optimal transmit and receive beams. When the optimal TRP and UE beam pair is initially accessed and matched, the TRP and the UE adopt a beam scanning and beam training mode to select the optimal beam pair for data transmission, and the TRP is assumed to provide M_tOne transmitting beam, UE providing M_rFor a receiving beamIn downlink data transmission, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the TRP firstly enables the UE to acquire current cell information through a Synchronization Signal (SS) and a Broadcast Channel (BCH), and then the system enters a beam scanning and beam training phase. TRP providing M_tOne transmitting beam, UE providing M_rA receive beam. The time for a TRP to train a beam is defined as a time slot, and the time for a UE to train a receiving beam in each time slot is defined as a sub-time slot. The beam scanning process requires M_tOne slot is completed. In the ith (i is more than or equal to 0 and less than M_t) In each time slot, TRP transmits downlink reference signals through the ith directional beam, and UE transmits downlink reference signals through M_rScanning the receiving beams, and selecting the receiving beam j (j is more than or equal to 0 and less than M) with the best receiving quality aiming at the transmitting beam_r). The UE feeds back the beam pair (i, j) and its reception quality to the TRP, optionally, it may feed back through RSRP, RSRQ, etc. M_tAfter one time slot, TRP is in M_tSelecting the beam pair (i) with the best receiving quality from the beam pairs₀，j₀) Using the i th₀The downlink data transmission is carried out on each wave beam, and the UE selects the jth wave beam₀Receiving downlink data by each receiving beam, wherein the more TRP and UE end beams are, the M is_tM_rThe larger the size, the higher the reception quality of data transmission after beamforming, but when the number of beams increases, the overhead of beam scanning and beam training time is larger, so that the initial access delay is higher, and the spectrum efficiency of the system is reduced.

The application provides a data transmission method and equipment, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, the overhead of training time of TRP and UE is large, the initial access delay is high and the spectrum efficiency of a system is low in the data transmission process. The method and the device are based on the same inventive concept, and because the principles of solving the problems of the method and the device are similar, the implementation of the device and the method can be mutually referred, and repeated parts are not repeated.

The data transmission scheme provided by the present application is specifically described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 3, a flowchart of a data transmission method provided in the present application is shown. The method comprises the following steps:

s301, the base station transmits a first set number of wide beams to the user equipment for beam training, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine a value of reception quality of the first set number of wide beams.

For example, the following steps are carried out: in the initial access process of a single cell and multiple UEs, assuming that the number of the UEs is K, wherein K is equal to 4, the TRP and the UE system work in a millimeter wave frequency band, and a single-path Line-of-Sight (LoS) channel is adopted; a uniform-spaced Linear Array (ULA) of TRPs with 32 half-wavelength spaced antennas can provide 32 uniform coverage of narrow beams [30 °, 150 ° ] as shown in fig. 4 for downlink data transmission, the first 8 antennas in the ULA generate 8 uniform coverage of wide beams [30 °, 150 ° ] as shown in fig. 5, i.e. each wide beam includes 4 narrow beams for beam training during access. The UE end adopts single antenna omnidirectional receiving and does not generate receiving wave beams.

In particular, note

When 8 antennas and 32 antennas are respectively adopted, a single-path LoS channel model is adopted for the TRP and any channel vector of the UE to be accessed, and can be expressed as:

h＝[1，e^-jπcosθ，…，e^-j7πcosθ]^T

g＝[1，e^-jπcosθ，…，e^-j31πcosθ]^T

where θ is an angle of arrival of the signal of the UE.

Note the book

Provides 8 wide-beam beamforming vectors for the TRP,

a beamforming vector providing 32 narrow beams for a TRP can be represented as:

wherein, beta_i,α_jIs the central direction angle of the wave beam at [30 degrees, 150 degrees ]]Inner uniform quantization, which can be expressed as:

defining the reception quality of the ith wide beam as Q_i，

S302, the base station receives the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam sent by the user equipment.

In a possible implementation manner, after step S302, the method further includes:

Specifically, assume that the number of the optimal wide beam among the 8 wide beams is 3, and the 2 nd narrow beam among the 4 narrow beams of the wide beam number 3 is the optimal narrow beam, and downlink data transmission is performed using the optimal narrow beam.

The method in the embodiment of the present application is not only suitable for transmitting beams sent by a base station during downlink data transmission, but also suitable for user equipment to select an optimal receiving beam during uplink data transmission, and the embodiment of the present application is not repeated.

As shown in fig. 6, a flowchart of another data transmission method provided by the present application includes:

s601, the user equipment receives a first set number of wide beams sent by the base station, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams.

And S602, the user equipment performs beam training on the first set number of wide beams, and determines the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively.

S603, the user equipment determines the optimal narrow beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams.

Specifically, the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam according to the values of the receiving quality corresponding to each of the first set number of wide beams, selects a value of the optimal receiving quality and at least one value of suboptimal receiving quality from the values of the number of receiving quality corresponding to each of the first set number of wide beams, determines a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the value of the optimal receiving quality and the value of the at least one suboptimal receiving quality, searches for the identification information of the narrow beam corresponding to the log-likelihood ratio in a mapping table corresponding to the optimal wide beam preset according to the log-likelihood ratio, and takes the narrow beam corresponding to the found identification information as the optimal narrow beam.

For example, the following steps are carried out: TRP provides 8 wide beams for downlink beam training by adopting 8 antennas, and UE selects the wide beam with the best receiving quality and the serial number of i_o，i_o＝arg max_0≤i≤7Q_i. I determined based on wide beam training_oThe UE calculates the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam for data service, and the specific beam calibration procedure may use the following experimental calibration function:

j_c＝f(i_o,Q₀,Q₁,…Q₇)

wherein j is_cThe calibrated optimal narrow beam number is 0,1, …, and 31.

Based on the optimal wide beam i_oThe value of the calibrated optimal narrow beam can be defined as j_c＝{4i₀,4i₀+1,4i₀+2，4i₀+3, meaning that the optimal narrow beam for downlink data transmission is within the coverage of the optimal wide beam in the beam training phase, and further the calibration function f is one for i_oThe piecewise symmetric function of (a) can be expressed as:

the embodiment of the application provides a method for measuring by using a Log-Likelihood Ratio of Beam-Quality, LLR-BQ, and the expression is as follows:

the above formula can be applied to different TRP transmission powers, and at the same time, the dynamic range of the input signal power of the UE-side calibration function is reduced, and the experimental calibration function with LLR-BQ as input can be expressed as:

the method for realizing the calibration function comprises the step of storing a mapping table from different LLR-BQ values to a candidate narrow beam set j at the UE end_c＝{4i₀,4i₀+1,4i₀+2，4i₀+3 mapping to determine the optimal narrow beam sequence number j_c。

S604, the user equipment sends the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam to the base station.

Specifically, the UE calibrates the obtained optimal narrow beam sequence number j_cIs fed back toBase station, since j is more than or equal to 0_cIs less than or equal to 31, so that when feeding back, it can use 5 bits to represent j_c。

In the embodiment of the application, when a plurality of UEs exist, each UE calibrates the obtained optimal narrow beam sequence number j_cAnd feeding back the beam collision information to the TRP, wherein the TRP schedules the UE according to the feedback condition, for example, when a plurality of UEs feed back the same optimal narrow beam sequence number to the TRP for downlink data service, the UE with the beam collision can be distributed to different time frequency resource blocks for service.

In a possible implementation manner, after step S604, the method further includes:

A flowchart of another data transmission method provided in the present application specifically describes an interaction process between a TRP and a UE, as shown in fig. 7, including:

s701, the base station determines a first set number of wide beams.

S702, the base station sends a first set number of wide beams to user equipment for beam training.

S703, the user equipment performs beam training on the received first set number of wide beams, and determines the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams.

S704, the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, and selects an optimal receiving quality value and at least one suboptimal receiving quality value from the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, so as to determine a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

S705, the user equipment searches for the narrow beam identification information corresponding to the log likelihood ratio in a preset mapping table corresponding to the optimal wide beam through the log likelihood ratio, and uses the found narrow beam corresponding to the identification information as the optimal narrow beam, i.e., beam calibration.

S706, the user equipment feeds back the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam to the base station, where the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam fed back by the user equipment needs 5 bits.

S707, the base station determines an optimal narrow beam according to the received sequence number of the optimal narrow beam, and performs downlink data transmission by using the optimal narrow beam.

The downlink beam training and data transmission frame structure of the multi-beam system corresponding to the method is shown in fig. 8. The above method is explained by way of example one, assuming that the noise power is

Then, the UE beam access error is determined and the average downlink spectrum efficiency is simulated, and compared with the prior art, the formula for defining the calibration error is as follows:

wherein j is_cNarrow beam index, j, obtained for calibration_oOptimal narrow beam results for beam scanning and beam training using 32 narrow beams using the prior art, i.e.

This definition shows that when the narrow beam sequence number obtained by the calibration proposed in this application is the virtually optimal sequence number, there is no calibration error, otherwise there is a calibration error. The technical effect of the first embodiment of the present application is described below by randomly generating N ═ 20000 times of multi-UE distribution. UE is in

[30°，150°]Evenly distributed, number of UE needing access N_UENK 80000. Simulation results show beam access deviation

|j_c-j_oI.e. the calibrated optimal narrow beam is consistent with or adjacent to the actual optimal narrow beam, i.e. the calibration error for a certain UE access process is limited. While for access by multiple UEs, the expectation of calibration error is defined as:

the simulation result shows that N (j)_c≠j_o) 2572, E (∈) is approximately 3.2%, i.e. the probability of deviation of calibration occurring during the initial access procedure is 3.2%, and in the other 96.8% of possible cases, no calibration error occurs, the training time and access delay of the present application example are about 1/4 in the prior art, and when TRP services 4 UEs, the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the simulation result comparing with the average downlink spectral efficiency in the prior art is shown in fig. 9. A comparison of the occurrence of calibration errors, the absence of calibration errors, and the overall average downlink spectral efficiency is given by table 1 below.

TABLE 1

Average downlink spectral efficiency (bps/Hz)	Prior Art	Example one
			ε＝1(3.2％)	4.93	4.73
ε＝0(96.8％)	4.93	4.93
			Average performance	4.93	4.92

As shown in fig. 10, a flow chart of a data transmission method provided by the present application includes:

s1001, the base station sends a first set number of wide beams to the user equipment to perform beam training, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine the value of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams.

S1002, the base station receives the number of the optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam determined according to the value of the reception quality of the first set number of wide beams.

And S1003, the base station determines the serial number of the optimal narrow beam according to the serial number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

Specifically, the base station determines an optimal wide beam corresponding to the sequence number according to the sequence number of the optimal wide beam;

In a possible implementation manner, after step S1003, the method further includes:

As shown in fig. 11, a flowchart of another data transmission method provided by the present application includes:

s1101, the user equipment receives a first set number of wide beams transmitted by the base station, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams.

And S1102, the user equipment performs beam training on the first set number of wide beams, and determines the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively.

S1103, the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the values of the receiving quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively.

Specifically, the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam according to the reception quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, selects an optimal reception quality value and at least one suboptimal reception quality value from the reception quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, and determines the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the optimal reception quality value and the at least one suboptimal reception quality value.

And S1104, the user equipment sends the sequence number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam to the base station.

In a possible implementation manner, after step S1104, the method further includes:

A flowchart of another data transmission method provided in the present application specifically describes an interaction process between a TRP and a UE, as shown in fig. 12, including:

s1201, the base station determines a first set number of wide beams.

S1202, the base station sends a first set number of wide beams to the user equipment for beam training.

S1203, the user equipment performs beam training on the received first set number of wide beams, and determines receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively.

S1204, the user equipment determines the optimal wide beams according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, and selects the value of the optimal receiving quality and at least one value of suboptimal receiving quality from the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, so as to determine the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beams.

S1205The user equipment feeds back the optimal wide beam number and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam to the base station, wherein the user equipment feeds back the optimal wide beam number by 3 bits, and when the optimal wide beam number is i_oWhen the number of bits for feeding back the log likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam is 0,7, the number of bits is 5 bits, and when the number of the optimal wide beam is i_oThe number of bits to feed back the log likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam is 10 bits when 1, … 6.

And S1206, the base station searches for the identification information of the narrow beam corresponding to the log-likelihood ratio in a preset mapping table corresponding to the optimal wide beam according to the received serial number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, and uses the narrow beam corresponding to the searched identification information as the optimal narrow beam, namely beam calibration.

S1207, the base station sends downlink data to the terminal according to the determined optimal narrow wave beam.

The downlink beam training and data transmission frame structure of the multi-beam system corresponding to the method is shown in fig. 13. The simulation of the second example is performed in the same simulation environment as the first example, and the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the simulation result comparing the average downlink spectral efficiency of the second example and the first example with the average downlink spectral efficiency of the prior art is shown in fig. 14. A comparison of the occurrence of calibration errors, the absence of calibration errors, and the overall average downlink spectral efficiency is given by table 2 below.

TABLE 2

Average downlink spectral efficiency (bps/Hz)	Prior Art	Example one	Example two
				E(ε＝1)	0％	3.2％	5.5％
ε＝1	4.93	4.73	4.68
				ε＝0	4.93	4.93	4.93
Average performance	4,93	4.92	4.91

As shown in fig. 15, a flowchart of a data transmission method provided in the present application includes:

s1501, the base station sends a first set number of wide beams to the user equipment for beam training, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively.

S1502, the base station receives the sequence number of the optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment, and a value of reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and a value of reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam in the values of reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively.

S1503, the base station determines a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the value of the reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam.

S1504, the base station determines the serial number of the optimal narrow beam according to the serial number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

In a possible implementation manner, after step S1504, the method further includes:

As shown in fig. 16, the flowchart of another data transmission method provided by the present application includes:

s1601, the user equipment receives a first set number of wide beams transmitted by the base station, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams.

S1602, the user equipment performs beam training on the first set number of wide beams, and determines the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams.

S1603, the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam according to the first set number of reception quality values.

And the user equipment sends the sequence number of the optimal wide beam, and the value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the receiving quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam in the values of the receiving qualities corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively to the base station.

In one possible implementation, after step S1603, the method further includes:

A flowchart of another data transmission method provided in the present application specifically describes an interaction process between a TRP and a UE, as shown in fig. 17, including:

s1701, the base station determines a first set number of wide beams.

S1702, the base station sends the first set number of wide beams to the user equipment for beam training.

S1703, the user equipment performs beam training on the received first set number of wide beams, and determines values of reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively.

S1704, the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, and determines an optimal receiving quality value and at least one suboptimal receiving quality value among the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, where the optimal receiving quality value and the at least one suboptimal receiving quality value are optional, and RSRP, RSRQ equivalent values compatible with existing standards may also be fed back.

S1705, the user equipment feeds back the value of the optimal receiving quality and the value of at least one suboptimal receiving quality in the value of the number receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam number and the first set number of wide beams respectively to the base station, wherein the user equipment feeds back the optimal wide beam number which needs 3 bits, and when the optimal wide beam number is i_oWhen the number of bits for feeding back the value of the optimal reception quality and the value of at least one sub-optimal reception quality is 0,7, the number of bits is 10 bits, and when the number of the optimal wide beam is i _o6, the number of bits for feeding back the value of the optimal reception quality and the value of at least one suboptimal reception quality is 105 bits.

S1706, the base station determines a log likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the value of the reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam.

S1707, the base station searches for the identification information of the narrow beam corresponding to the log-likelihood ratio in a preset mapping table corresponding to the optimal wide beam according to the received sequence number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, and uses the narrow beam corresponding to the searched identification information as the optimal narrow beam, i.e., beam calibration.

And S1708, the base station sends downlink data to the terminal according to the determined optimal narrow beam.

The downlink beam training and data transmission frame structure of the multi-beam system corresponding to the method is shown in fig. 18. The simulation of the third example was performed in the same simulation environment as the first example, and the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the simulation results of the third example, the second example, and the first example compared with the average downlink spectral efficiency of the prior art is shown in fig. 19. A comparison of the occurrence of calibration errors, the absence of calibration errors, and the overall average downlink spectral efficiency is given by table 3 below.

TABLE 3

Average downlink spectral efficiency (bps/Hz)	Prior Art	Example one	Example two	Example three
					E(ε＝1)	0％	3.2％	5.5％	7％
ε＝1	4.93	4.73	4.68	4.66
					ε＝0	4.93	4.93	4.93	4.93
Average performance	4,93	4.92	4.91	4.90

Based on the same inventive concept as the method embodiment, the present application further provides a base station, as shown in fig. 20, including:

a transmitting unit 2001, configured to transmit a first set number of wide beams to a user equipment for beam training, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine a value of reception quality of the first set number of wide beams.

A receiving unit 2002, configured to receive a sequence number of an optimal narrow beam sent by the user equipment.

In the embodiment of the application, a base station is provided, where the base station sends a first set number of wide beams to a user equipment, the user equipment performs beam scanning and beam training on the first set number of wide beams, and the base station determines an optimal narrow beam after receiving a value of reception quality of the first set number of wide beams determined by the user equipment according to the beam training, so that training time overhead and access delay are reduced.

In one possible implementation, the sending unit 2001 is further configured to,

Based on the same inventive concept as the method embodiment, the present application further provides a user equipment, as shown in fig. 21, the user equipment includes:

the receiving unit 2101 is configured to receive a first set number of wide beams transmitted by a base station, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams.

A processing unit 2102 is configured to perform beam training on the first set number of wide beams, and determine values of reception quality corresponding to each of the first set number of wide beams.

The processing unit 2102 is further configured to determine an optimal narrow beam according to the values of the reception quality corresponding to each of the first set number of wide beams; a sending unit, configured to send the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam to the base station.

In the embodiment of the application, the user equipment receives a first set number of wide beams sent by a base station, performs beam scanning and beam training on the first set number of wide beams, and determines an optimal narrow beam according to a value of reception quality of the first set number of wide beams determined by the beam training, so that training time overhead and access delay are reduced. When a plurality of user equipment exist, each user equipment selects the corresponding optimal narrow beam according to the process, the optimal narrow beams are not influenced mutually, and the service quality of data transmission of a multi-user equipment scene is improved.

In one possible implementation manner, the receiving unit 2101 is further configured to:

In one possible implementation, the processing unit 2102 is specifically configured to:

The present application also provides a base station, as shown in fig. 22, including:

a transmitting unit 2201, configured to transmit a first set number of wide beams to the user equipment for beam training, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine a value of reception quality of the first set number of wide beams.

A receiving unit 2202, configured to receive the number of the optimal wide beams sent by the user equipment and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beams determined according to the values of the reception quality of the first set number of wide beams.

A processing unit 2203, configured to determine the number of the optimal narrow beam according to the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

In a possible implementation manner, the sending unit 2201 is further configured to:

In a possible implementation manner, the processing unit 2203 is specifically configured to:

The present application also provides a user equipment, as shown in fig. 23, the user equipment includes:

a receiving unit 2301, configured to receive a first set number of wide beams sent by a base station, where each wide beam includes a second set number of narrow beams.

The processing unit 2302 is configured to perform beam training on the first set number of wide beams, and determine values of reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively.

The processing unit 2302 is further configured to determine an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the values of the receiving quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively.

A transmitting unit 2303, configured to transmit the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam to the base station.

In a possible implementation manner, the receiving unit 2301 is further configured to:

In a possible implementation manner, the processing unit 2302 is specifically configured to:

The present application also provides a base station, as shown in fig. 24, including:

a sending unit 2401, configured to send a first set number of wide beams to a user equipment for beam training, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine values of reception quality respectively corresponding to the first set number of wide beams.

A receiving unit 2402, configured to receive the sequence number of the optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment, and a value of the reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and a value of the reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam in the values of the reception qualities corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively.

A processing unit 2403, configured to determine a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the value of the reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam.

The processing unit 2403 is further configured to determine a sequence number of an optimal narrow beam according to the sequence number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

In a possible implementation manner, the sending unit is further configured to:

In a possible implementation manner, the processing unit is specifically configured to:

The present application also provides a user equipment, as shown in fig. 25, the user equipment includes:

the receiving unit 2501 is configured to receive a first set number of wide beams transmitted by a base station, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams.

A processing unit 2502, configured to perform beam training on the first set number of wide beams, and determine values of reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively; and determining an optimal wide beam according to the first set number of reception quality values.

A sending unit 2503, configured to send the sequence number of the optimal wide beam, and a value of the reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and a value of the reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam among the values of the reception qualities corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively, to the base station.

In a possible implementation manner, the receiving unit 2501 is further configured to:

The division of the modules in the embodiments of the present application is schematic, and only one logical function division is provided, and in actual implementation, there may be another division manner, and in addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processor, may also exist alone physically, or may also be integrated in one module by two or more modules. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode.

When the integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware, as shown in fig. 26, the base station may include a processor 2601, and the hardware of the entity corresponding to the

processing unit

2203 or 2403 may be the processor 2601. The base station may further include a transceiver 2604, and the hardware of the entity corresponding to the transmitting unit 2001, the receiving unit 2002, the transmitting unit 2201, the receiving unit 2202, the transmitting unit 2401, or the receiving unit 2402 may be the transceiver 2604. The processor 2601 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a digital processing module, or the like. The terminal device further includes: the memory 2602 stores programs executed by the processor 2601. The memory 2602 may be a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD), and may also be a volatile memory, such as a random-access memory (RAM). The memory 2602 is any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited to such.

The processor 2601 is configured to execute the program code stored in the memory 2602, and specifically call the program instructions stored in the memory 2602.

The embodiment of the present application does not limit the specific connection medium between the processor 2601 and the memory 2602. In the embodiment of the present application, the processor 2601 and the memory 2602 are connected by a bus 2603 in fig. 26, the bus is indicated by a thick line in fig. 26, and the connection manner between the other components is merely illustrative and not limited. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 26, but this does not indicate only one bus or one type of bus.

As shown in fig. 27, the user equipment may include a processor 2701, and the hardware of the entity corresponding to the processing unit 2102, the processing unit 2302, or the processing unit 2502 may be the processor 2701. The user equipment may further include a transceiver 2704, and the hardware of the entity corresponding to the receiving unit 2101, the receiving unit 2301, the transmitting unit 2303, the receiving unit 2501, or the transmitting unit 2503 may be the transceiver 2704. The processor 2701 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a digital processing module, or the like. The terminal device further includes: a memory 702 for storing programs executed by the processor 2701. The memory 2702 may be a non-volatile memory, such as a hard disk (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD), and may also be a volatile memory, such as a random-access memory (RAM). The memory 2702 is any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited to such.

The processor 2701 is configured to execute program codes stored in the memory 2702, and specifically, to call program instructions stored in the memory 2702.

The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the specific connection medium between the processor 2701 and the memory 2702. In the embodiment of the present invention, the processor 2701 and the memory 2702 are connected by a bus 2703 in fig. 27, the bus is represented by a thick line in fig. 27, and the connection manner between other components is merely an illustrative description and is not limited thereto. The bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is shown in FIG. 27, but this is not intended to represent only one bus or type of bus.

The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which is used for storing computer software instructions required to be executed for executing the processor, and which contains a program required to be executed for executing the processor.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims

1. A method of data transmission, the method comprising:

the method comprises the steps that a base station sends a first set number of wide beams to user equipment for beam training, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams, the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine values of receiving quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively, the values of the receiving quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively are used for the user equipment to determine an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, and the optimal narrow beam is determined in the narrow beams included in the optimal wide beam through the log-likelihood ratio;

and the base station receives the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam sent by the user equipment.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

3. A method of data transmission, the method comprising:

the method comprises the steps that user equipment receives a first set number of wide beams sent by a base station, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams;

the user equipment carries out beam training on the first set number of wide beams to determine the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively;

the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, and determines an optimal narrow beam from the narrow beams included in the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio;

and the user equipment sends the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam to the base station.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein after the user equipment transmits the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam to the base station, the method further comprises:

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the determining, by the user equipment, an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the values of the reception quality corresponding to each of the first set number of wide beams, and determining an optimal narrow beam among the narrow beams included in the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio, comprises:

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining, by the user device, an optimal narrow beam among the narrow beams comprised by the optimal wide beam through the log-likelihood ratio comprises:

7. A method of data transmission, the method comprising:

the method comprises the steps that a base station sends a first set number of wide beams to user equipment for beam training, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine the value of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams;

the base station receives the serial number of the optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam determined by the value of the receiving quality of the first set number of wide beams;

and the base station determines the serial number of the optimal narrow beam according to the serial number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein after the base station determines the optimal narrow beam sequence number based on the optimal wide beam sequence number and the optimal log-likelihood ratio, the method further comprises:

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the base station determining the number of the optimal narrow beam from the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam comprises:

10. A method of data transmission, the method comprising:

the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams;

the user equipment sends the sequence number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam to the base station, and the sequence number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam are used for the base station to determine the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein after the user device transmits the sequence number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam to the base station, the method further comprises:

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the determining, by the ue, an optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the values of the reception quality corresponding to each of the first set number of wide beams comprises:

13. A method of data transmission, the method comprising:

the method comprises the steps that a base station sends a first set number of wide beams to user equipment for beam training, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively;

the base station receives the serial number of the optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment, and the value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the receiving quality of at least one suboptimum wide beam in the values of the receiving quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams;

the base station determines the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the receiving quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam;

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the base station determining the number of the optimal narrow beam from the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam comprises:

15. A method of data transmission, the method comprising:

the user equipment determines an optimal wide beam according to the value of the first set number of receiving qualities;

the user equipment sends the number of the optimal wide beams, and a value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and a value of the receiving quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam in the values of the receiving qualities corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively, to the base station, the value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beams and the value of the receiving quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam are used for the base station to determine the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beams, and the number of the optimal wide beams and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beams are used for the base station to determine the number of the optimal narrow beams.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein after the user equipment transmits the sequence number of the optimal wide beam, and a value of reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and a value of reception quality of at least one sub-optimal wide beam among the values of reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively, to the base station, the method further comprises:

17. A base station, characterized in that the base station comprises:

a transmitting unit, configured to transmit a first set number of wide beams to a user equipment for beam training, where each wide beam includes a second set number of narrow beams, the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine values of reception qualities of the first set number of wide beams, the values of the reception qualities corresponding to the first set number of wide beams are used for the user equipment to determine an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, and the optimal narrow beam is determined among the narrow beams included in the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio;

and the receiving unit is used for receiving the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam sent by the user equipment.

18. A user equipment, the user equipment comprising:

the receiving unit is used for receiving a first set number of wide beams sent by the base station, wherein each wide beam comprises a second set number of narrow beams;

the processing unit is used for carrying out beam training on the first set number of wide beams and determining the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams; determining an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, and determining an optimal narrow beam from the narrow beams included in the optimal wide beam according to the log-likelihood ratio;

a sending unit, configured to send the sequence number of the optimal narrow beam to the base station.

19. The user equipment of claim 18, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to:

20. The user equipment of claim 18, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to:

21. A base station, characterized in that the base station comprises:

a transmitting unit, configured to transmit a first set number of wide beams to a user equipment for beam training, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine a value of reception quality of the first set number of wide beams;

a receiving unit, configured to receive a number of an optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam determined by a value of reception quality of the first set number of wide beams;

and the processing unit is used for determining the serial number of the optimal narrow beam according to the serial number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

22. The base station of claim 21, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to:

23. A user equipment, the user equipment comprising:

the processing unit is used for carrying out beam training on the first set number of wide beams and determining the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams; determining an optimal wide beam and a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams;

a transmitting unit configured to transmit the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam to the base station, where the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam are used by the base station to determine the number of the optimal narrow beam.

24. The user equipment of claim 23, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to:

25. A base station, characterized in that the base station comprises:

a transmitting unit, configured to transmit a first set number of wide beams to a user equipment for beam training, where each of the wide beams includes a second set number of narrow beams, and the beam training is used for the user equipment to determine values of reception quality respectively corresponding to the first set number of wide beams;

a receiving unit, configured to receive a sequence number of an optimal wide beam sent by the user equipment, and a value of reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and a value of reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam in values of reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively;

and the processing unit is used for determining the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam according to the value of the receiving quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of the receiving quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam, and determining the number of the optimal narrow beam according to the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam.

26. The base station of claim 25, wherein the processing unit is specifically configured to:

27. A user equipment, the user equipment comprising:

the processing unit is used for performing beam training on the first set number of wide beams, determining the receiving quality values corresponding to the first set number of wide beams respectively, and determining the optimal wide beam according to the first set number of receiving quality values;

a transmitting unit, configured to transmit the number of the optimal wide beam, and a value of reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and a value of reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam among values of reception quality corresponding to the first set number of wide beams, respectively, to the base station, where the value of reception quality corresponding to the optimal wide beam and the value of reception quality of at least one suboptimal wide beam are used by the base station to determine a log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam, and the number of the optimal wide beam and the log-likelihood ratio of the optimal wide beam are used by the base station to determine the number of the optimal narrow beam.

28. A base station, comprising:

a transceiver, a processor, and a memory;

the memory is used for storing software programs, and the processor is used for reading the software programs stored in the memory, transmitting and receiving data through the transceiver, and realizing the method of any one of claims 1 to 2, 7 to 9 and 13 to 14.

29. A user device, comprising:

a transceiver, a processor, and a memory;

the memory is used for storing software programs, and the processor is used for reading the software programs stored in the memory, transmitting and receiving data through the transceiver, and realizing the method of any one of claims 3 to 6, 10 to 12 and 15 to 16.

30. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 2, 7 to 9 and 13 to 14 or 3 to 6, 10 to 12 and 15 to 16.