CN108658388B - Method for improving transparency of eutrophic water body - Google Patents
Method for improving transparency of eutrophic water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN108658388B CN108658388B CN201810580246.9A CN201810580246A CN108658388B CN 108658388 B CN108658388 B CN 108658388B CN 201810580246 A CN201810580246 A CN 201810580246A CN 108658388 B CN108658388 B CN 108658388B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the transparency of eutrophic water, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a target water body; (2) feeding filter-feeding silver carps and bighead carps into the target water body; (3) when the biomass of the blue algae group with the particle size of more than 50 mu m is less than 30 percent of the total biomass of the blue algae group, the minerals which enable the blue algae phase to be converted into the green algae are thrown into the target water body. Aiming at the problems of high blue-green algae outbreak degree, low water transparency and the like of the eutrophic water body, the invention realizes the purposes of blue-green algae group attenuation, blue-green algae phase to green algae phase conversion and water transparency obvious improvement, and has the characteristics of safety, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a method for improving the transparency of eutrophic water.
Background
At present, the outbreak of the cyanobacterial bloom of water bodies such as lakes and the like in China is a common phenomenon, and the consequence of the outbreak is that the transparency of the water bodies is reduced, the water quality is deteriorated, and the ecological system is seriously damaged. The treatment measures of the cyanobacterial bloom are commonly chemical, physical and biological methods, the chemical method mainly comprises the step of controlling the cyanobacterial bloom by sowing chemical agents or flocculating agents, and the disadvantages are that the effect cannot be lasting, and secondary pollution is caused by flocculation precipitation or killing by using medicaments. The physical method mainly comprises manual fishing and mechanical algae removal, is time-consuming and labor-consuming and is difficult to remove continuously. The fish feeding is mainly to directly control algae by using silver carp and bighead carp, although the number of algae groups is reduced, the biomass of unicellular or small group algae is not reduced, and the negative effects of rising the ammonia nitrogen concentration of a water body and the like are caused when the silver carp and bighead carp breeding density is high. Therefore, the silver carp and bighead carp algae control method has effective effects in some water bodies with good water quality such as the thousand island lake and the like, but has no obvious effect in lakes with serious blue algae outbreak. Freshwater mussels are also used for controlling algae, and although unicellular or small-population blue algae can be filtered out, the blue algae lack essential nutrient elements for the growth of the mussels and cannot meet the requirement of the growth and development of the mussels, and the growth and development of the mussels are inhibited or even dead after the freshwater mussels eat the blue algae for a long time (Park et al, 2002; Basen et al, 2011). And the formation of blue algae colony has influence on shellfish filter feeding, such as freshwater shellfishAnodonta anatinaReduced straining rates and increased production of false feces upon ingestion of microcystis aeruginosa populations (Bonteset al, 2007). The submerged plants inhibit blue algae from three aspects of nutrition competition, sediment suspension inhibition and algae inhibin release, but the recovery of the aquatic plants needs a plurality of prerequisites, and the submerged plants are not easy to survive when the conditions are immature.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for thoroughly controlling severe outbreak of cyanobacterial bloom and improving the transparency of a water body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the transparency of eutrophic water comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a target water body;
(2) feeding filter-feeding silver carps and bighead carps into the target water body;
(3) when the biomass of the blue algae group with the particle size of more than 50 mu m is less than 30 percent of the total biomass of the blue algae group, the minerals which enable the blue algae phase to be converted into the green algae are thrown into the target water body.
The method for selecting the target water body in the step (1) comprises the following steps:
(1-1) analyzing the composition of phytoplankton blue-green algae and green algae in the water body and the proportion of groups with different particle sizes of the blue-green algae;
(1-2) the water body in which the proportion of the blue algae in the phytoplankton is up to 80% or more and the biomass of the blue algae colony with the particle size of more than 50 mu m exceeds 60% or more of the total biomass of the blue algae colony is the target water body.
In the step (2), the feeding density of the filter-feeding silver carps and bighead carps is 10-30 g/m3. The blue algae population can be effectively miniaturized or unicellularized by the throwing density.
In the step (2), the specification of the filter-feeding silver carp and bighead carp is 50-500 g/tail.
In the step (3), the mineral for converting the blue algae phase into the green algae is alunite mineral powder.
In the step (3), the adding amount of the minerals is 1 mg/L.
In the step (3), the feeding mode of the minerals is as follows: the feeding is carried out for 1 time every 3-5 days and for 5-7 times continuously. The purpose is to change the competitive power of different algae by adjusting and stabilizing the pH value of the water (the pH value is stabilized at about 7.5-8.5), so that the miniaturized or unicellular blue-green algae is converted into green algae which is more suitable for filter feeding animals, in addition, the alunite mineral powder can also make part of the blue-green algae precipitate, reduce the concentration of algae in the water and improve the transparency.
Further, the method for improving the transparency of the eutrophic water body further comprises the following steps:
(4) after the minerals which enable the blue algae to be phase-converted into the green algae are put in, when the proportion of the blue algae in the phytoplankton is lower than 20%, the filter-feeding shellfish is put in the target water body.
In the step (4), the filter-feeding shellfish is corbicula fluminea.
In the step (4), the throwing density of the filter-feeding shellfish is 50-500 g/m3. The shellfish can further filter green algae in water, improve water transparency and stabilize lake ecosystem.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at a target water body with serious blue-green algae outbreak degree, the blue-green algae group can be miniaturized or unicellularized by silver carp and bighead carp fish filter feeding, and the negative influence of overhigh ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water body can not be brought by the suitable breeding density of the silver carp and bighead carp fish. The alunite mineral powder can regulate and stabilize the pH value of a water body, weaken the competitive capacity of blue algae, enable small-sized groups and unicellular blue algae to evolve towards green algae, meanwhile, the alunite mineral powder with proper dosage can not have negative effects on water ecology, can precipitate part of blue algae, and can avoid chemical substance risks brought to water extraction by using sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid and the like. After the phase of the blue algae is converted to the phase of the green algae, the green algae is further filtered and eaten by freshwater shellfish, so that the concentration of suspended matters in the water body can be reduced. Thereby finally achieving the aims of reducing blue-green algae in the target water body, improving the transparency of the water body and continuously and stably improving the water quality.
Aiming at the problems of high blue-green algae outbreak degree, low water transparency and the like of the eutrophic water body, the method realizes the purposes of blue-green algae group attenuation, blue-green algae phase-to-green algae phase conversion and water transparency obvious improvement, and has the characteristics of safety, low cost and the like.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The area of the tin-free nutrient-rich water body is 5000 square meters, the water depth is 3.5 meters, the water body is turbid, and the transparency is less than 20 cm. The water body has frequent water bloom outbreak of the blue algae, the chlorophyll concentration reaches 100ug/L, the ratio of the blue algae in the phytoplankton is about 90 percent, and the biomass of the blue algae group with the grain diameter of more than 50 mu m accounts for 65 percent of the total biomass of the blue algae group. Beginning construction in 5 months in 2013, firstly putting silver carp and bighead carp seeds 30g/m3The specification is about 500g per tail, the chlorophyll concentration is slightly reduced to 95ug/L in 7 months and 20 days, the ratio of the blue algae is still more than 90%, but the ratio of the blue algae group is obviously reduced by only 10%, and the biomass of the blue algae group with the particle size of more than 50 mu m is 30% of the total biomass of the blue algae group. And sprinkling alunite ore powder on the water surface, wherein the dosage is 1mg/L, the application is carried out once every 5 days, the continuous application is carried out for 7 times, the pH value of the water body is adjusted to be about 8.5, the chlorophyll concentration is reduced to 40ug/L at the end of 8 months, the blue algae content is about 20 percent, and the water transparency is improved to 40 cm. Then hanging and cultivating Corbicula fluminea with the arrangement density of 200g/m3And in 28 days after 9 months, the chlorophyll concentration is reduced to 15ug/L, the water transparency reaches 90cm, and the water transparency is stably maintained between 80 and 120 cm.
Example 2
The transparency of a certain eutrophic water body is less than 17 cm. The water body has frequent water bloom outbreak of the blue algae, the chlorophyll concentration reaches 120ug/L, the ratio of the blue algae in the phytoplankton is about 80 percent, and the biomass of the blue algae group with the grain diameter of more than 50 mu m accounts for 60 percent of the total biomass of the blue algae group. Beginning construction at the beginning of 5 months in a certain year, firstly putting silver carp and bighead carp seeds at 10 g/m3The specification is about 50 g per tail, at the end of 7 months, the chlorophyll concentration is reduced to 87ug/L, the ratio of the blue algae is still more than 70%, and the biomass of the blue algae group with the particle size of more than 50 mu m is 10% of the total biomass of the blue algae group. And sprinkling alunite ore powder on the water surface, wherein the dosage is 1mg/L, the application is carried out once every 3 days, the continuous use is carried out for 5 times, the pH value of the water body is adjusted to be about 7.5, the chlorophyll concentration is reduced to 34ug/L at the end of 8 months, the blue algae accounts for about 10 percent, and the water transparency is improved to 50 cm. Then hanging and cultivating Corbicula fluminea with the arrangement density of 200g/m328 days 9 months, chlorophyll concentrationThe water transparency is reduced to 12ug/L and reaches 100cm, and then the water transparency is stably maintained between 90 and 120 cm.
Example 3
In 2017, 4 in-situ experimental enclosures are arranged in the Wuxi Taihu lake, the area of each enclosure is 12 square meters, and the enclosure water body is not basically exchanged with lake water. Four groups of treatments are set in the experiment, one group treats and breeds silver carps and bighead carps, and the concentration is 20 g/m3The specification is 250 g per tail; one group of the treated and splashed alunite mineral powder has the dosage of 1mg/L, and the alunite mineral powder is taken once every 5 days and is continuously used for 6 times; a group of corbicula fluminea stocking and hanging cultivation mode, and the density is 300g/m3(ii) a And (4) a comprehensive treatment group, namely stocking silver carps and bighead carps in sequence (the first month), sprinkling alunite mineral powder (the second month) and stocking corbicula fluminea (the third month).
And 6, 5 days after 6 months, wherein the transparency of the water body in the enclosure is 25cm, the chlorophyll concentration reaches 60ug/L, and the blue algae in the phytoplankton accounts for 80 percent, wherein the biomass of the blue algae group with the particle size of more than 50 mu m accounts for 75 percent of the total biomass of the blue algae group. The experiment was started as designed, and three months later, i.e. 9 months and 5 days, the results were as follows: in the silver carp and bighead carp treatment group, the chlorophyll concentration is increased to 72ug/L, the blue algae accounts for 75% of the phytoplankton community, the biomass of the blue algae community with the particle size of more than 50 mu m accounts for 23% of the total biomass of the blue algae community, and the transparency is 20 cm; in the alunite ore treatment group, the chlorophyll concentration is 56ug/L, and the blue algae accounts for 65% of the phytoplankton community, wherein the biomass of the blue algae community with the particle size of more than 50 mu m accounts for 60% of the total biomass of the blue algae community, and the transparency is 30 cm; in the corbicula fluminea treatment group, the chlorophyll concentration reaches 42ug/L, the blue algae in the phytoplankton accounts for 65%, wherein the biomass of the blue algae group with the particle size of more than 50 mu m accounts for 55% of the total biomass of the blue algae group, and the transparency is 38 cm; in the comprehensive treatment group, the chlorophyll concentration reaches 13ug/L, the blue algae accounts for 20% of the phytoplankton community, wherein the biomass of the blue algae community with the particle size of more than 50 mu m accounts for 15% of the total biomass of the blue algae community, and the transparency reaches 100 cm.
In conclusion, in terms of chlorophyll concentration, the silver carp and bighead carp treatment group is slightly increased, the alunite ore treatment group is slightly reduced by 7%, the corbicula fluminea treatment group is reduced by about 30%, the comprehensive treatment group is greatly reduced by 78%, and the change of chlorophyll concentration can be seen from the improvement degree of water transparency.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving the transparency of eutrophic water is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a target water body:
(1-1) analyzing the composition of phytoplankton blue-green algae and green algae in the water body and the proportion of groups with different particle sizes of the blue-green algae;
(1-2) the water body in which the proportion of the blue algae in the phytoplankton is up to 80% or more and the biomass of the blue algae colony with the particle size of more than 50 mu m exceeds 60% or more of the total biomass of the blue algae colony is the target water body;
(2) feeding filter-feeding silver carps and bighead carps into the target water body;
(3) when the biomass of the blue algae group with the particle size of more than 50 mu m is less than 30 percent of the total biomass of the blue algae group, putting minerals which enable the blue algae phase to be converted into green algae into a target water body; the putting amount of the minerals is 1 mg/L; the putting mode of the minerals is as follows: putting for 1 time every 3-5 days, and continuously putting for 5-7 times;
(4) after minerals which enable the blue algae to be phase-converted into green algae are put in, when the proportion of the blue algae in the phytoplankton is lower than 20%, filter-feeding shellfish is put in a target water body; the filter-feeding shellfish is corbicula fluminea; the throwing density of the filter-feeding shellfish is 50-500 g/m3The shellfish can further filter green algae in water, improve water transparency and stabilize lake ecosystem.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feeding density of the filter-feeding silver carp and bighead carp in the step (2) is 10-30 g/m3。
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the size of the filter-feeding silver carp and bighead carp is 50-500 g/tail.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the mineral for phase-converting the cyanobacteria into the green algae is alunite ore powder.
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| CN110563278B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-07-21 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Method for treating phytoplankton through non-classical biological manipulation |
| CN115176734A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-10-14 | 武汉中科水生环境工程股份有限公司 | Water ecosystem construction method |
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| KR20030066987A (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-08-14 | 양재삼 | Method for controlling algal bloom by using natural enemies |
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