CN108550510B - Gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler with high electron beam circulation rate - Google Patents
Gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler with high electron beam circulation rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN108550510B CN108550510B CN201810212092.8A CN201810212092A CN108550510B CN 108550510 B CN108550510 B CN 108550510B CN 201810212092 A CN201810212092 A CN 201810212092A CN 108550510 B CN108550510 B CN 108550510B
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
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- H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler with high electron beam circulation rate, and relates to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave devices. The invention introduces an electron beam/microwave channel structure on the basis of the traditional gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler. The radius of a cut-off circular waveguide of the traditional input coupler is about 0.7 times of that of a circular waveguide of the input coupler, the cut-off waveguide is replaced by three cascaded reflecting cylindrical resonant cavities, and the radius of a transmission waveguide between the cylindrical resonant cavities is the same as that of the input circular waveguide, so that the channel of an electron beam is larger than that of the traditional input coupler, the electron beam circulation rate is higher, and the circulation deterioration and the transition section burnout of an electron beam can be avoided. The cascaded reflecting cylindrical cavity is provided with a loaded attenuation material with a certain thickness for attenuating a competition mode of a TE01 mode, the total reflection of the TE01 mode can be realized by optimizing the size of the cylindrical resonant cavity, the content and the purity of the TE01 mode of the output circular waveguide are improved, and the working frequency band can be effectively expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave and millimeter wave devices, in particular to a gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler with high electron beam circulation rate.
Background
The gyrotron traveling wave tube is an important microwave millimeter wave signal amplifier, adopts a working mode of fast wave transverse energy conversion, and compared with a traditional electric vacuum device, the gyrotron traveling wave tube not only has the advantages of high power and high frequency, but also has greater advantages compared with devices such as a klystron and an oscillating tube in the aspect of working bandwidth, and has very important application prospects in the fields of millimeter wave imaging radars, millimeter wave communication systems, electronic warfare and the like, so that the gyrotron traveling wave tube is emphasized internationally.
The input coupler is one of the core components of the gyrotron traveling wave tube. The input coupler is a high-frequency device which completes the mode conversion of an input signal and modulates the energy or the speed of the cyclotron electrons, is closely related to the bunching state of electron beams, and the performance of the input coupler directly influences the performance of the whole tube of the cyclotron traveling wave tube. The input coupler of the gyrotron traveling wave tube is a three-port device and comprises an input rectangular port and two output circular waveguide ports, wherein one output port is connected with an electron gun region of the gyrotron traveling wave tube through a transition section, and the other output port is directly connected with a high-frequency interaction section of the gyrotron traveling wave tube. For a conventional input coupler of a gyrotron traveling wave tube, in order to improve mode conversion efficiency and prevent input electromagnetic waves from propagating to an electron gun region, thereby affecting stability of the gyrotron traveling wave tube, a cut-off waveguide for cutting off a working mode is generally arranged between the input coupler and a transition section. However, the radius of the cut-off waveguide is usually only about 0.7 times of the radius of the circular waveguide of the input coupler, and when the electron beam passes through the cut-off section, a considerable part of the electron beam is intercepted by the cut-off section, so that the circulation of the electron beam is deteriorated. In addition, in a high duty cycle or continuous wave state, the intercepted electron beam is easy to burn out in a transition section due to high carried energy. The invention provides a novel input coupler structure with high electron beam circulation based on the background.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler structure with high electron beam circulation rate, aiming at solving the problems of electron beam circulation and transition section burnout of the traditional input coupler of a gyrotron traveling wave tube.
The invention introduces an electron beam/microwave channel structure on the basis of the traditional gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler. The radius of a cut-off circular waveguide of the traditional input coupler is about 0.7 times of that of a circular waveguide of the input coupler, the cut-off waveguide is replaced by three cascaded reflecting cylindrical resonant cavities, and the radius of a transmission waveguide between the cylindrical resonant cavities is the same as that of the input circular waveguide, so that the channel of an electron beam is larger than that of the traditional input coupler, the electron beam circulation rate is higher, and the circulation deterioration and the transition section burnout of an electron beam can be avoided. The cascaded reflecting cylindrical cavity is provided with a loaded attenuation material with a certain thickness for attenuating a competition mode of a TE01 mode, the total reflection of the TE01 mode can be realized by optimizing the size of the cylindrical resonant cavity, the content and the purity of the TE01 mode of the output circular waveguide are improved, and the working frequency band can be effectively expanded.
The technical scheme of the invention is a gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler with high electron beam circulation rate, which comprises: the three-level cascaded circular waveguide comprises an input rectangular waveguide (1), an output circular waveguide (4), a coaxial resonant circular waveguide (2) and a three-level cascaded circular reflection waveguide (5); the input rectangular waveguide is arranged on the outer side wall of the coaxial resonant circular waveguide; the three-stage cascade circular reflection waveguides comprise first-stage circular reflection waveguides, second-stage circular reflection waveguides and third-stage circular reflection waveguides which are arranged at intervals, and the radius lengths of the inner cavities of the first-stage circular reflection waveguides to the third-stage circular reflection waveguides are the same; the output circular waveguide (4), the coaxial resonant circular waveguide (2) and the three-level cascade circular reflection waveguide share the same axis; the outer wall of the output circular waveguide is sequentially provided with a coaxial resonant circular waveguide (2), a first-stage circular reflection waveguide, a second-stage circular reflection waveguide and a third-stage circular reflection waveguide, and the tail end of the output circular waveguide protrudes out of the third-stage circular reflection waveguide; the outer wall of the output circular waveguide, which is positioned in the cavity of the coaxial resonant circular waveguide, is provided with a rectangular coupling gap; the cavity of the output circular waveguide is completely communicated with each level of cavity of the three-level cascade circular reflection waveguide; the coaxial resonance circular waveguide (2) is tightly attached to the first-stage circular reflection waveguide.
Further, the length of the output circular waveguide is 10mm, and the radius of the output circular waveguide is 5.72 mm; the length of the coaxial resonance circular waveguide is 15.26mm, and the radius of the coaxial resonance circular waveguide is 9.1 mm; the length of the first-stage circular reflection waveguide is 5mm, and the radius of the first-stage circular reflection waveguide is 12.5 mm; the length of the second-stage circular reflection waveguide is 5mm, and the radius of the second-stage circular reflection waveguide is 12.5 mm; the third stage circular reflective waveguide has a length of 5mm and a radius of 12.5 mm.
Furthermore, 5 rectangular coupling gaps are uniformly formed in the outer wall of the output circular waveguide, which is located in the cavity of the coaxial resonant circular waveguide, and one of the coupling gaps is formed below the input rectangular waveguide.
Furthermore, ceramic attenuation materials are arranged on the outer wall of the cavity of each level of circular reflection waveguide; in order to fully attenuate the competing modes of the TE01 mode, the thickness of the ceramic attenuating material outside the cavity of each circular reflective waveguide stage is sequentially increased.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional input coupler, the cascade resonant cavity is adopted to replace a cut-off circular waveguide, the passage of electron beams is increased, the circulation rate of the electron beams is higher, and the circulation deterioration and the burning of a transition section of the electron beams are avoided.
(2) The total reflection of the TE01 mode is realized through the cascaded reflection cylindrical cavity, the unidirectional attenuation material which is output by the output circular waveguide and loaded at the outer side in the TE10 mode is ensured, the competition mode of the TE01 mode is attenuated, the purity of the TE01 mode of the output circular waveguide is improved, and the stability of the whole tube is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a novel high electron beam flow-through input coupler;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the novel high electron beam flow-through input coupler;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the novel high electron beam flow-through input coupler;
FIG. 4 is a novel high electron beam current input coupler TE10-TE01 transmission parameter;
fig. 5 shows transmission parameters between modes of the novel high electron beam flux input coupler.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described in detail with reference to an example of a design of a novel high electron beam flow-through input coupler operating in the Ka band and the accompanying drawings, in which:
main waveguide working mode: TE01 mode;
input signal mode: rectangular waveguide TE10 mode;
working frequency band: ka band (32GHz-36 GHz);
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high electron beam flow through input coupler of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a front view of the novel high electron beam flow-through input coupler; fig. 3 is a side view of a novel high electron beam flow-through input coupler. The invention comprises the following steps: the three-level cascaded circular waveguide comprises an input rectangular waveguide (1), an output circular waveguide (4), a coaxial resonant circular waveguide (2) and a three-level cascaded circular reflection waveguide (5); the input rectangular waveguide is arranged on the outer side wall of the coaxial resonant circular waveguide; the three-stage cascade circular reflection waveguides comprise first-stage circular reflection waveguides, second-stage circular reflection waveguides and third-stage circular reflection waveguides which are arranged at intervals, the radiuses of the first-stage circular reflection waveguides to the third-stage circular reflection waveguides are the same, and the side wall thicknesses are sequentially increased; the output circular waveguide (4), the coaxial resonant circular waveguide (2) and the three-level cascade circular reflection waveguide share the same axis; the outer wall of the output circular waveguide is sequentially provided with a coaxial resonant circular waveguide (2), a first-stage circular reflection waveguide, a second-stage circular reflection waveguide and a third-stage circular reflection waveguide, and the tail end of the output circular waveguide protrudes out of the third-stage circular reflection waveguide; the outer wall of the output circular waveguide, which is positioned in the cavity of the coaxial resonant circular waveguide, is provided with a rectangular coupling gap; the cavity of the output circular waveguide is completely communicated with each level of cavity of the three-level cascade circular reflection waveguide; the coaxial resonance circular waveguide (2) is tightly attached to the first-stage circular reflection waveguide. The TE10 mode is input into the rectangular input waveguide (1) to the circular coaxial resonant waveguide (2), the TE10 mode enters the circular coaxial resonant waveguide (3) and is converted into the TE511 mode between the inner conductor and the outer conductor, the TE511 mode is input into the circular output waveguide (5) through the coupling gap, and the TE511 mode is converted into the TE01 mode in the circular output waveguide, so that the circular waveguide TE01 mode required by the operation of the gyrotron traveling wave tube is provided. Wherein:
input rectangular waveguide (1): a standard rectangular waveguide model BJ320 is adopted, the width edge is 7.12mm, the narrow edge is 3.56mm, and the length is 9.0 mm.
Coaxial resonant circular waveguide (2): the radius of the inner conductor is r 2-6.12 mm, the thickness of the inner wall cavity is 0.4mm, the radius of the outer conductor is r 3-9.1 mm, and the length is 15.26 mm.
The rectangular coupling slot: the width is 0.2mm, the length is 4.6mm, the length from the upper edge and the lower edge of the coaxial inner conductor is 5.33mm, the total number of the coupling gaps is 5, the included angle between the first gap and the center of the rectangular waveguide is 36 degrees, and the included angle between the adjacent coupling gaps is 72 degrees.
Output circular waveguide (4): radius r1 is 5.72mm, length 10 mm.
Three-stage cascaded circular reflective waveguide (5): radius r4 is 12.5mm, length 5 mm. The thickness of the outer wall is 1mm, 2mm and 3mm in sequence.
FIG. 4 shows the transmission parameters between the input couplers TE10-TE01 for high electron beam flux according to the present invention. The 3dB bandwidth coverage of the transmission parameters of the novel high electron beam flux input coupler is from 32.41GHz to 35.18GHz, indicating that the input coupler has a wider operating bandwidth.
FIG. 5 shows the transmission parameters between the input coupler for high electron beam flux to other modes according to the present invention. It can be known from the figure that the transmission parameters from the TE10 mode to other modes at the input end are relatively low, and are all below-25 dB in the frequency range from 32.77GHz to 34.87GHz, and it can be seen that other modes from the TE10 mode to the TE01 mode at the input end are well suppressed, so that the efficient mode conversion from the TE10 to the TE01 is realized, and the circular waveguide TE01 mode with higher purity is output.
The above examples are only for convenience of explaining the present invention, and the novel gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler provided by the present invention can also be applied to other frequency bands, and the specific size is determined by the corresponding frequency band and the working mode.
Claims (4)
1. A gyrotron traveling wave tube input coupler having a high electron beam flux rate, the coupler comprising: the three-level cascaded circular waveguide comprises an input rectangular waveguide (1), an output circular waveguide (4), a coaxial resonant circular waveguide (2) and a three-level cascaded circular reflection waveguide (5); the input rectangular waveguide is arranged on the outer side wall of the coaxial resonant circular waveguide; the three-stage cascade circular reflection waveguides comprise first-stage circular reflection waveguides, second-stage circular reflection waveguides and third-stage circular reflection waveguides which are arranged at intervals, and the radius lengths of the inner cavities of the first-stage circular reflection waveguides to the third-stage circular reflection waveguides are the same; the output circular waveguide (4), the coaxial resonant circular waveguide (2) and the three-level cascade circular reflection waveguide share the same axis; the outer wall of the output circular waveguide is sequentially provided with a coaxial resonant circular waveguide (2), a first-stage circular reflection waveguide, a second-stage circular reflection waveguide and a third-stage circular reflection waveguide, and the tail end of the output circular waveguide protrudes out of the third-stage circular reflection waveguide; the outer wall of the output circular waveguide, which is positioned in the cavity of the coaxial resonant circular waveguide, is provided with a rectangular coupling gap; the cavity of the output circular waveguide is completely communicated with each level of cavity of the three-level cascade circular reflection waveguide; the coaxial resonance circular waveguide (2) is tightly attached to the first-stage circular reflection waveguide.
2. The input-coupler of claim 1, wherein said output circular waveguide has a length of 10mm and a radius of 5.72 mm; the length of the coaxial resonance circular waveguide is 15.26mm, and the radius of the coaxial resonance circular waveguide is 9.1 mm; the length of the first-stage circular reflection waveguide is 5mm, and the radius of the first-stage circular reflection waveguide is 12.5 mm; the length of the second-stage circular reflection waveguide is 5mm, and the radius of the second-stage circular reflection waveguide is 12.5 mm; the third stage circular reflective waveguide has a length of 5mm and a radius of 12.5 mm.
3. The input coupler of the gyrotron traveling-wave tube with high electron beam circulation rate as claimed in claim 1, wherein 5 rectangular coupling slots are uniformly formed in the outer wall of the output circular waveguide in the cavity of the coaxial circular resonant waveguide, and one of the coupling slots is formed below the input rectangular waveguide.
4. The input coupler of claim 1, wherein the cavity of each circular reflective waveguide has ceramic attenuation material disposed on its outer wall; in order to fully attenuate the competing modes of the TE01 mode, the thickness of the ceramic attenuating material outside the cavity of each circular reflective waveguide stage is sequentially increased.
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| CN111293015B (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-04-30 | 电子科技大学 | Compact type gyrotron traveling wave tube input system |
| CN112259940B (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-12-24 | 西北核技术研究所 | Tunable mixed mode converter based on over-mode circular waveguide and design method thereof |
| CN114512387B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-08-01 | 电子科技大学 | Distributed radiation coupling loss circuit applied to rotary traveling wave tube |
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| CN103311622B (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2015-04-22 | 成都赛纳赛德科技有限公司 | Absorption type harmonic suppression filter |
| CN104064423B (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-02-10 | 电子科技大学 | Stripe electron beam travelling wave tube export structure |
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