CN108489413A - A kind of concrete surface heterogeneous strain measuring system and method - Google Patents
A kind of concrete surface heterogeneous strain measuring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108489413A CN108489413A CN201810397379.2A CN201810397379A CN108489413A CN 108489413 A CN108489413 A CN 108489413A CN 201810397379 A CN201810397379 A CN 201810397379A CN 108489413 A CN108489413 A CN 108489413A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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Abstract
The present invention relates to concrete surface heterogeneous strain measuring system and methods.The system comprises sample orientation system and the storage of three-dimensional digital image acquisition system and digital picture and computing systems.The present invention acquires the front and back concrete surface speckle pattern of deformation in real time using binocular, high resolution industrial camera, then the digital picture front and back by matching the digital picture and matching deformation of industrial camera acquisition, obtains the heterogeneous strain distribution map of concrete surface deformation.The system can determine the position of sample in high precision, convenient for according to research needs, adjusting measured zone, obtain sample entirety or the heterogeneous strain of part, and can realize that the mass of sample measures.The present invention, which measures concrete surface heterogeneous strain, has the advantages that non-contact, spatial resolution is high, precision height and measurement of full field.Under the conditions of the method can measure varying environment, the heterogeneous strain on different size concrete samples surface.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to concrete material deformation detection technical fields, are related to a kind of concrete surface heterogeneous strain measurement
System and method for.
Background technology
Concrete is one of most commonly used construction material in civil engineering.The performance of concrete is studied for engineering design
Its service life is improved with improvement to have great importance.And important performance of the volume stability as concrete, in service phase
Between can always affect its service life.It begins to that volume change occurs after concrete self-forming comprising early fallout contraction, water
Self-constriction that mud structure is formed, dry in hardening process shrink, Carbonization contract, caused by dry and wet repeated action and temperature change
Volume change.These volume changes are referred to as volume stability of concrete.If volume of concrete variation suffers restraints, Jiu Huikai
It splits, to influence the durability of concrete.80% or more cracking is all the only very little one caused by concrete deformation
Partially due to Lack of support is substantially.
Currently, the method for test volume change of concrete mainly has traditional comparator and foil gauge.Due to both biographies
The spatial resolution of system method is relatively low, so the overall deformation of concrete material can only be tested.Moreover, the variation of environment can shadow
Response becomes the precision of chip test method.
In fact, under meso-scale, it includes aggregate phase and slurry phase that concrete, which is a kind of composite material of multiphase,.Work as ring
When humiture in border changes, aggregate phase and slurry phase can all generate cubic deformation.Since the performance of two-phase has significantly
Difference, leading to its shrinkage, there are larger differences.Therefore, contraction strain heterogeneous in concrete under meso-scale is studied
There is important directive significance to research volume stability of concrete.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of concrete surface heterogeneous strain measuring system and methods.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of concrete surface heterogeneous strain measuring system, the system comprises sample orientation systems and 3-dimensional digital figure
As acquisition system and digital picture storage and computing system.
Preferably, the sample orientation system includes laser locator, positioning screw, sample stage, is mixed according to measured
Solidifying earth sample deformed region comes the initial position of localizing sample and deformed position；The three-dimensional digital image acquisition system packet
Camera lens, industrial camera, polariscope, triggering collection device, monochromatic source are included, the industrial camera includes left and right double camera；It is described inclined
Galvanometer is mounted on camera lens, and the camera lens is mounted on industrial camera, and the industrial camera is mounted on three-dimensional bracket, the number
It includes mainly graphics workstation and hard disk that word image, which is stored with computing system,.
Preferably, the industrial camera is binocular high resolution industrial camera, the high-resolution be its pixel 400~
5000000.
A kind of concrete surface heterogeneous strain measurement method, includes the following steps：
(1) installation of three-dimensional digital image acquisition system
Industrial camera includes left and right double camera.According to the region area of target detection, it is ensured that the region of test is double in left and right
Perfect imaging in camera adjusts the operating distance of the double camera, and the angle of double camera is 30 °~60 °, and double camera is installed
On fixing bracket, then camera lens and industrial camera are demarcated using scaling board, obtain its intrinsic parameter and outer parameter, it is described
Intrinsic parameter is focal length and principal point coordinate and camera distortion coefficient, and the outer parameter is spin matrix and translation vector；
(2) processing of concrete sample to be measured
The thickness of concrete sample is determined according to test plane and the distance on sample stage surface, is cut concrete, is made it
Exposure aggregate structure；In cut surface side, one layer of white dumb light paint is first sprayed, 3~wait for that white paint is dried after five minutes, then with mechanism
Make the speckle point of black, the diameter of each speckle is 5~7 pixels；
(3) positioning of concrete sample
According to the area of the sample of required research the start bit of sample is obtained to adjust the positioning system of sample on sample stage
It sets, and ensures test zone perfect imaging in industrial camera；
(4) three-dimensional digital image acquires
Set the frequency of taking pictures of industrial camera according to test condition, and by the three-dimensional digit figure of the concrete surface of acquisition
As transmitting and storing into hard disk；In gatherer process, the position of camera lens and industrial camera is immovable；
(5) displacement computing system
The image on the basis of the speckle pattern of concrete surface before the deformation of left camera acquisition chooses target area, chooses kind
It is sub-, it is similar to the sub-district before deformation with the image subsection at related coefficient C evaluation different locations after deformation in image
The threshold values value of degree, the related coefficient C is 0.95~1.0.
Preferably, the formula of the related coefficient C is as follows：
In formula, C is related coefficient
(x, y) is pixel coordinate；M is image subsection radius；
(x, y are gray value of the image at coordinate (x, y) before deformation to f；
G (x ', y ') is gray value of the image at coordinate (x ', y ') after deformation.
Preferably, relevant matches are carried out to deforming all the points in front and back image zoning, obtain each point spatial position,
The displacement field that zoning can be calculated is used in combination least square method to solve the differential equation, calculates concrete surface maximum master and answers
Change and concrete surface minimum principal strain, obtain strain field.
Preferably, concrete surface maximum principal strain isConcrete surface is most
Small principal strain isIn formula, ExxFor the strain in the directions x；EyyFor the strain in the directions y；
ExyFor shear strain.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
(1) present invention improves the spatial resolution of test method, the shadow of the test method of reduction to specimen size effect
It rings.Moreover, reducing influence of the environmental factor to test method.It can be whole and local according to the Strain field analysis of required acquisition
Inhomogeneous deformation.
(2) present invention reduces influence of the environmental factor to test method.It can be adapted for mixing under different humiture environment
The solidifying soil entirety on surface and the measurement of local deformation.
(3) present invention is using positioning system come the position of assignment test sample, and mass measures, and strain measurement precision reaches
To 10-4, the foundation of science is provided the entirety and local heterogeneous deformation of evaluating concrete.
The principle of the present invention is as follows：
This method can be measured under meso-scale due to its high spatial resolution, non-uniform shrinkage in concrete
Strain and its distribution.Using the surface image of camera lens and the front and back concrete of industrial camera acquisition deformation, by digital picture into
Row Stereo matching and sequential coupling, the highest correlated identities point of the whole audience front and back phase knowledge and magnanimity of search deformation, obtain its space coordinate position
It sets.The displacement and strain before and after concrete surface label point deformation are calculated, the strain field of concrete surface deformation is obtained.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is concrete surface entirety local speckle figure.
Fig. 2 is concrete surface heterogeneous strain measuring system schematic diagram, and 1 is graphics workstation in figure, equipped with calculating and
Analysis software, analysis strain；2 be triggering collection device, intelligentized control method Image Acquisition；3 be high resolution industrial camera；4 be mirror
Head；5 be monochromatic source；6 be sample positioning screw；7 be laser locator；8 be stand type support；9 be sample stage；10 be test specimens
Product.
Fig. 3 is original concrete cut surface and concrete surface maximum principal strain distribution map, wherein (a) is original concrete
Cut surface is (b) the concrete surface maximum principal strain distribution map for drying 1 day, is (c) that dry 3 days concrete surfaces are maximum
Principal strain distribution map is (d) the concrete surface maximum principal strain distribution map for drying 7 days, is (e) dry 14 days concrete tables
Maximum principal strain distribution map in face (f) is the concrete surface maximum principal strain distribution map for drying 28 days.
Fig. 4 is original concrete cut surface and concrete surface minimum principal strain distribution map, wherein (a) is original concrete
Cut surface is (b) the concrete surface minimum principal strain distribution map for drying 1 day, is (c) that dry 3 days concrete surfaces are minimum
Principal strain distribution map is (d) the concrete surface minimum principal strain distribution map for drying 7 days, is (e) dry 14 days concrete tables
Face minimum principal strain distribution map (f) is the concrete surface minimum principal strain distribution map for drying 28 days.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is further illustrated in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
During the military service of concrete, the humiture variation of environment is an important factor for leading to concrete shrinkage deformation.
Since Meso-level Structure of Concrete is heterogeneous so that the distribution of the deformation in concrete is also heterogeneous.Using the present invention
The surface non-uniform shrinkage strain of characterization concrete can be tested.
The fit quality ratio of concrete is 1:0.4：0.81：1.63, it is followed successively by cement, water, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.Cement
Using Guangdong Zhujiang Cement PII42.5 class g cements；Fine aggregate is Machine-made Sand, fineness modulus 2.70；Coarse aggregate is broken
Granite, 5-20mm continuous gradings；Water is Guangzhou tap water.28 days compression strength of concrete is 44.8MPa.Concrete sample ruler
Very little is 100mm × 100mm × 100mm, and specimen molding is after one day, form removal, and is conserved 28 days in saturated limewater.It is cut with precision
Cutting mill cutting sample, is cut into the concrete sample that size is 100mm × 100mm × 10mm, and such concrete sample exposes
Aggregate structure.Concrete sample to be measured is placed in climatic chamber (RH 40%, 20 DEG C) after testing.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of measuring system of research concrete surface heterogeneous strain, including sample orientation system and three
Dimension word image capturing system and digital picture storage and computing system.
The sample orientation system includes laser locator, positioning screw, sample stage, according to measured concrete sample
Deformed region comes the initial position of localizing sample and deformed position；The three-dimensional digital image acquisition system include camera lens,
Industrial camera, polariscope, triggering collection device, monochromatic source, the industrial camera include left and right double camera；The polariscope installation
On camera lens, the camera lens is mounted on industrial camera, and the industrial camera is mounted on three-dimensional bracket, and the digital picture is deposited
Storage includes mainly being equipped with PMLAB software Graphics work station and hard disk with computing system.By control line and triggering collection device and
Graphics workstation is connected.
A kind of concrete surface heterogeneous strain measurement method, the described method comprises the following steps：
1. concrete sample is placed on sample stage first, the position of sample is adjusted by positioning device, determines sample
Final position.Monochromatic source is opened, uniform light is made to be radiated at sample surfaces.According to the region area of target detection, it is ensured that
The region of test perfect imaging in the double camera of left and right, adjusts the operating distance of the double camera, and the angle of double camera is 30 °~
60 °, and double camera is mounted on fixing bracket.Keep camera motionless.
2. taking out concrete sample, camera lens and camera are demarcated using dot matrix scaling board, obtain its intrinsic parameter and outer
Parameter.In calibration, arbitrary 360 ° of rotations scaling board is at least acquired the digital picture of 10 pairs of scaling boards by camera, then marked
Devise a stratagem calculates the inside and outside parameter of camera, and the intrinsic parameter is focal length and principal point coordinate and camera distortion coefficient, and the outer parameter is
Spin matrix and translation vector.
3. determining the thickness of concrete sample according to test plane and the distance on sample stage surface.Specimen surface needs to spray
Dumb light paint processed obtains speckle pattern.Sample is in saturated dry surface.In order to improve the contrast of speckle, sprayed on cut surface
The white dumb light paint in a thin layer of ground is made, after 3-5 minutes after white paint drying.Black matte is prepared at random against concrete surface again
Paint, obtains black speckle.The size of speckle is 5-7 pixels.Treated, and concrete surface speckle pattern is as shown in Figure 1.
4. according to the area of the sample of required research, to adjust the positioning system of sample on sample stage, the starting of sample is obtained
Position so that required region to be tested is in double camera visual field.
5. set the frequency of taking pictures of camera according to test condition, and by the stereo digital images of the concrete surface of acquisition
It transmits and stores into hard disk；In gatherer process, the position of camera lens and camera is immovable.
6. the image on the basis of the speckle pattern of concrete surface before the deformation of left camera acquisition chooses target area, choose
Seed point, it is similar to the sub-district before deformation with the image subsection at related coefficient C evaluation different locations after deformation in image
The threshold values value of degree, the related coefficient C is 0.95~1.0.
The formula of the related coefficient C is as follows：
In formula, C is related coefficient
(x, y) is pixel coordinate；M is image subsection radius；
(x, y are gray value of the image at coordinate (x, y) before deformation to f；
G (x ', y ') is gray value of the image at coordinate (x ', y ') after deformation.
Relevant matches are carried out to deforming all the points in front and back image zoning, obtain each point spatial position, you can meter
The displacement field for calculating zoning is used in combination least square method to solve the differential equation, calculates concrete surface and shrinks maximum principal strain
With minimum principal strain, strain field is obtained.
Concrete surface maximum principal strain isMinimum principal strain isIn formula, ExxFor the strain in the directions x；EyyFor the strain of Y-direction；ExyIt is answered for shearing
Become.
Fig. 3 (a) is original concrete cut surface figure.The table for the concrete cut surface that Fig. 3 (b)-(f) is dry 1~28 day
Face maximum principal strain distribution map.There are contraction strains in concrete, correspond to contraction, can also have corresponding draw in concrete
Stretching strain.Therefore, in concrete maximum principal strain field, compression strain (contraction strain) and elongation strain, Er Qiecheng can be dispersed with
Existing non-uniform Distribution.
Fig. 4 (a) is original concrete cut surface figure.The table for the concrete cut surface that Fig. 4 (b)-(f) is dry 1~28 day
Face minimum principal strain distribution map.The position consistency of black region and aggregate in concrete in minimum principal strain field.The contraction of aggregate
Strain Distribution is relatively uniform, is 0 μ ε.Since the contraction of aggregate is significantly less than the contraction of mortar, minimum principal strain field is also in non-equal
Even distribution.
The implementation of the present invention is not limited to this, and the above according to the invention is known using the ordinary skill of this field
Knowledge and customary means, under the premise of not departing from above-mentioned basic fundamental thought of the invention, the present invention can also make other a variety of shapes
Modification, replacement or the change of formula, all fall within rights protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of concrete surface heterogeneous strain measuring system, which is characterized in that the system comprises sample orientation system and
Three-dimensional digital image acquisition system and digital picture storage and computing system.
2. concrete surface heterogeneous strain measuring system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sample positioning
System includes laser locator, positioning screw, sample stage, according to measured concrete sample deformed region come localizing sample
Initial position and deformed position；The three-dimensional digital image acquisition system includes camera lens, industrial camera, polariscope, triggering
Collector, monochromatic source, the industrial camera include left and right double camera；The polariscope is mounted on camera lens, the camera lens peace
On industrial camera, the industrial camera is mounted on three-dimensional bracket, and the digital picture storage is mainly wrapped with computing system
Include graphics workstation and hard disk.
3. concrete surface heterogeneous strain measuring system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the industrial phase
Machine is binocular high resolution industrial camera, and the high-resolution is its pixel 400~5,000,000.
4. a kind of concrete surface heterogeneous strain measurement method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) installation of three-dimensional digital image acquisition system
Industrial camera includes left and right double camera.According to the region area of target detection, it is ensured that the region of test is in left and right double camera
Middle perfect imaging adjusts the operating distance of the double camera, and the angle of double camera is 30 °~60 °, and double camera is mounted on admittedly
On fixed rack, then camera lens and industrial camera are demarcated using scaling board, obtain its intrinsic parameter and outer parameter, the internal reference
Number is focal length and principal point coordinate and camera distortion coefficient, and the outer parameter is spin matrix and translation vector；
(2) processing of concrete sample to be measured
The thickness of concrete sample is determined according to test plane and the distance on sample stage surface, is cut concrete, is made its exposure
Aggregate structure；In cut surface side, one layer of white dumb light paint is first sprayed, 3~wait for that white paint is dried after five minutes, then it makes at random black
The diameter of the speckle point of color, each speckle is 5~7 pixels；
(3) positioning of concrete sample
According to the area of the sample of required research, to adjust the positioning system of sample on sample stage, the initial position of sample is obtained, and
Ensure test zone perfect imaging in industrial camera；
(4) three-dimensional digital image acquires
The frequency of taking pictures of industrial camera is set according to test condition, and the stereo digital images of the concrete surface of acquisition are passed
It is defeated and store into hard disk；In gatherer process, the position of camera lens and industrial camera is immovable；
(5) displacement computing system
The image on the basis of the speckle pattern of concrete surface before the deformation of left camera acquisition, selection target area, selected seed point,
It is described with the similarity of image subsection and the sub-district before deformation at related coefficient C evaluation different locations after deformation in image
Related coefficient C threshold values value be 0.95~1.0.
5. concrete surface heterogeneous strain measurement method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the related coefficient
The formula of C is as follows：
In formula, C is related coefficient
(x, y) is pixel coordinate；M is image subsection radius；
F (x, y) is gray value of the image at coordinate (x, y) before deformation；
G (x ', y ') is gray value of the image at coordinate (x ', y ') after deformation.
6. concrete surface heterogeneous strain measurement method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that front and back to deformation
All the points carry out relevant matches in image zoning, obtain each point spatial position, you can the displacement field of zoning is calculated,
It is used in combination least square method to solve the differential equation, calculates concrete surface maximum principal strain and concrete surface minimum principal strain, obtain
To strain field.
7. concrete surface heterogeneous strain measurement method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that mixed
Coagulating soil surface maximum principal strain isConcrete surface minimum principal strain isIn formula, ExxFor the strain in the directions x；EyyFor the strain in the directions y；ExyIt is answered for shearing
Become.
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| CN115014230B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2024-10-25 | 北京无线电测量研究所 | Two-dimensional plane structure deformation measurement method and system |
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