CN108428444B - 一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法 - Google Patents

一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法 Download PDF

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CN108428444B
CN108428444B CN201810185813.0A CN201810185813A CN108428444B CN 108428444 B CN108428444 B CN 108428444B CN 201810185813 A CN201810185813 A CN 201810185813A CN 108428444 B CN108428444 B CN 108428444B
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王军
卢晶
邱小军
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法，包括如下步骤：(1)在紧凑有源吸声系统的误差传声器A的降噪区域内，临时放置校准传声器B；(2)校准过程：首先只有次级声源发声，计算次级声源发声的信号s到传声器A的信号pA的脉冲响应wsA，以及信号s到传声器B的信号pB的脉冲响应wsB；然后只有噪声源发声，计算信号pA到信号pB的脉冲响应wAB；(3)控制过程：噪声源和次级声源同时发声，传声器B处的声压pB通过次级声源信号s和传声器A的信号pA计算获得。本发明的方法能在特殊场景下有效地对降噪区域进行降噪，尤其适用于降噪区域不允许长时间布放传声器，或对有源控制系统尺寸有严格要求的场景。

Description

一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法。
背景技术
有源控制技术在消声降噪上的应用广泛，对通用的FxLMS(filtered-x leastmean square)算法的原理介绍和性能分析的研究很多。
在管道紧凑有源控制系统中，如果次级声源距离误差传声器很近，则误差传声器处受到的次级声源的近场影响很大，误差传声器处的声场与需要控制区域的声场有很大差异。文献(P.M.Morse and K.U.Ingard,Chap.9,p.492-498in Theoretical acoustics,Princeton university press,New Jersey,(1968).)证明了在管道中，声源发出的零阶模态的声波随着传播距离不衰减，而其它模态的声波随着传播距离其衰减系数均不同。在房间或者其他复杂场景下，不同位置处的声场分布差异更大。
常见的有源控制技术通过控制误差传声器处的声压，只能达到误差传声器附近区域的降噪，所以误差传声器在整个控制过程中需要一直布放在降噪区域。如果降噪区域不能长时间布放传声器或对有源控制系统的尺寸有严格要求时，由于不同区域的声场分布不同，通过现有的有源控制方法来降低误差传声器位置处的声压并不能代表降噪区域噪声的降低。
发明内容
针对以上现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明提供一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法，能在特殊场景下有效地对降噪区域进行降噪，尤其适用于降噪区域不允许长时间布防传声器，或对有源控制系统尺寸有严格要求的场景。
本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)在紧凑有源吸声系统的误差传声器A的降噪区域内，临时放置校准传声器B；
(2)校准过程：
首先，只有次级声源发声，实时记录误差传声器A获取的信号pA、校准传声器B获取的信号pB和次级声源发声的信号s，并计算信号s到信号pA的脉冲响应wsA和信号s到信号pB的脉冲响应wsB；
然后，只有噪声源发声，实时记录信号pA和信号pB，并计算信号pA到信号pB的脉冲响应wAB；
(3)控制过程：
噪声源和次级声源同时发声，首先，根据信号s和脉冲响应wsA计算次级声源发声对误差传声器A影响的声压ps A，则误差传声器A处只和噪声源有关的信号pnoise A为pA-ps A；
然后，根据信号pnoise A和脉冲响应wAB可以计算校准传声器B处只和噪声源有关的信号pnoise B；根据信号s和脉冲响应wsB计算次级声源发声对校准传声器B影响的声压ps B，则降噪区域的声压pB＝pnoise B+ps B；
最后，以声压pB作为FxLMS有源噪声控制的误差信号对降噪区域的声压进行控制。
本发明的方法在校准过程中利用额外的校准传声器获取相关校准滤波器，这些校准滤波器在控制过程中可以补偿声源近场影响。利用本发明可以通过紧凑有源控制系统计算降噪区域的声压并对其进行控制，不影响降噪区域的原来场景布放；并且校准传声器只在校准过程中使用，能保持有源控制系统依然紧凑。经过本发明的方法校准后，紧凑系统与降噪区域在空间上可以不重叠，双方不影响对方区域的布放设置，却依然可以有效降低降噪区域的声压。
附图说明
图1是实现本发明方法的系统结构示意图，1-误差传声器A，2-校准传声器B，3参考传声器，4次级声源，5噪声源，6紧凑有源控制系统，7降噪区域，8管道。
图2是本发明实施例中利用LMS自适应算法计算脉冲响应的流程图。
图3是本发明实施例有源噪声控制技术中的FxLMS自适应算法的流程图。
具体实施方式
1、校准过程
仅有次级声源4发声时，实时记录次级声源信号s、传声器A的信号pA和传声器B的信号pB，通过LMS(Least Mean Square)自适应算法或其他方法可以计算出信号s到pA的脉冲响应{wSA(n),n＝0,1,…,LSA-1}、信号s到pB的脉冲响应{wSB(n),n＝0,1,…,LSB-1}。其中，LSA和LSB分别为{wSA(n)}和{wSB(n)}的滤波器长度。
下面以{wSA(n)}的计算为例，介绍LMS自适应算法计算脉冲响应的过程，如图2所示。其中e为LMS自适应算法的误差信号。第n时刻滤波器输出为：
Figure BDA0001590220220000031
则第n时刻的误差为
e(n)＝d(n)-y(n) (2)
定义矢量
wSA＝[wSA(0),wSA(1)，…,wSA(LSA-1)] (3)
s(n)＝[s(n),s(n-1),…,s(n-LSA+1)] (4)
则滤波器的迭代公式为
wSA(n)＝wSA(n-1)+μe(n)s(n) (5)
其中，μ为收敛步长。随着自适应迭代的进行，e(n)达到最小，则{wSA(n)}计算完成。
仅有噪声源5发声时，实时记录传声器A的信号pA和传声器B的信号pB，通过LMS自适应算法或其他方法可以计算出信号pA到信号pB的脉冲响应{wAB(n),n＝0,1,…,LAB-1}，其中，LAB为{wAB(n)}的滤波器长度。
2、有源噪声控制的控制过程
在有源噪声控制的控制过程，噪声源5和次级声源4同时发声，传声器B处的信号pB可以通过次级声源信号s和传声器A的信号pA计算获得。
Figure BDA0001590220220000032
Figure BDA0001590220220000033
Figure BDA0001590220220000034
Figure BDA0001590220220000035
Figure BDA0001590220220000041
ps A为次级声源4发声对传声器A影响的声压，pnoise A为传声器A处只和噪声源有关的信号，pnoise B为传声器B处只和噪声源5有关的信号。ps B为次级声源4发声对传声器B影响的声压。pB为需要降噪的降噪区域7的声压。以声压pB作为FxLMS有源噪声控制的误差信号可以对降噪区域7的声压进行控制。
下面以图1的情况为例，对FxLMS有源噪声控制技术简介如下。
FxLMS分为次级通路建模过程和控制过程，如图3所示。在FxLMS建模过程只有次级声源4发声，实时记录次级声源4的信号s和pB，根据LMS自适应算法计算s到pB的脉冲响应{wSB(n)}，这部分在校准过程中已经完成。
在FxLMS控制过程，噪声源5和次级声源4同时发声。假设参考传声器3接收到的参考信号为xrefer，定义控制滤波器系数为{w(n),n＝0,1,…,L-1}，参考输入矢量
xrefer＝[xrefer(n),xrefer(n-1),…,xrefer(n-L+1)] (11)
其中，L为控制滤波器长度。次级声源信号s为滤波器输出，为
Figure BDA0001590220220000042
将参考信号xrefer通过次级通路模型{wSB(n)}，得到滤波-x(filter-x)信号，为
Figure BDA0001590220220000043
定义矢量
r(n)＝[rrefer(n),rrefer(n-1),…,rrefer(n-L+1)] (14)
则滤波器的迭代公式为
w(n)＝w(n-1)+μe(n)r(n) (15)
其中，μ为收敛步长。随着自适应迭代的进行，e(n)达到最小，则{w(n)}计算完成。实际上，e(n)即为传声器B测到的信号，代表降噪区域的声压已降到最低。

Claims (1)

1.一种补偿次级声源近场影响的紧凑有源吸声方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)在紧凑有源吸声系统的误差传声器A的降噪区域内，临时放置校准传声器B；
(2)校准过程：
首先，只有次级声源发声，实时记录误差传声器A获取的信号pA、校准传声器B获取的信号pB和次级声源发声的信号s，并计算信号s到信号pA的脉冲响应wsA和信号s到信号pB的脉冲响应wsB；
然后，只有噪声源发声，实时记录信号pA和信号pB，并计算信号pA到信号pB的脉冲响应wAB；
(3)控制过程：
噪声源和次级声源同时发声，首先，根据信号s和脉冲响应wsA计算次级声源发声对误差传声器A影响的声压ps A，则误差传声器A处只和噪声源有关的信号pnoise A为pA-ps A；
然后，根据信号pnoise A和脉冲响应wAB可以计算校准传声器B处只和噪声源有关的信号pnoise B；根据信号s和脉冲响应wsB计算次级声源发声对校准传声器B影响的声压ps B，则降噪区域的声压pB＝pnoise B+ps B；
最后，以声压pB作为FxLMS有源噪声控制的误差信号对降噪区域的声压进行控制。
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