CN108277021A - The preparation method and applications of crust type liquid crystal polymer containing terthienyl - Google Patents
The preparation method and applications of crust type liquid crystal polymer containing terthienyl Download PDFInfo
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- CN108277021A CN108277021A CN201810048413.5A CN201810048413A CN108277021A CN 108277021 A CN108277021 A CN 108277021A CN 201810048413 A CN201810048413 A CN 201810048413A CN 108277021 A CN108277021 A CN 108277021A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of crust type liquid crystal polymers containing terthienyl, shown in the chemical formula such as formula (I) of the crust type liquid crystal polymer：It is electron-withdrawing group that wherein the terthienyl of side group, which has good electron performance and hole transport performance, R group, and side group forms the conjugated structure of A D A (A is electrophilic, and D is electron).The Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers of the present invention are conducive to the transmission performance for improving its material and photovoltaic performance, therefore material provided by the invention can be used as liquid crystal material due to the orientation with liquid crystal, moreover it can be used to photoelectric material is used as in photovoltaic device.The present invention also provides the preparation method of the liquid crystal material and its basic liquid crystal properties and photoelectric properties.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to organic and Macroscopic single crystal fields, poly- more particularly to the crust type liquid crystal of the system containing terthienyl
Close the preparation method and application of object.
Background technology
Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers are otherwise known as rigid chain side chain type liquid crystal macromolecule, are one type of liquid crystal primitives only by one
The liquid crystal polymer that a covalent bond or very short interval base are connected in position of centre of gravity (or waist) with high polymer main chain.Crust type liquid
The developing stage of polycrystalline macromolecule：First stage：Zhou Qifeng proposed that Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers are theoretical and theoretical to it in 1987
It is verified；Second stage：To MJLCP compare deep chemical constitution-liquid crystalline phase structure relationship research and just
The performance study of step, further perfect MJLCP are theoretical；Phase III：Further investigation MJLCP homopolymers, block copolymer,
On the basis of the self assembly of polymer brush etc., the research of MJLCP functionalization is expanded.
Based on following this 2 points we designed and synthesized using terthienyl as electron donating group, with carboxylate, amide, Evil
Diazole etc. is the functionalization Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers of electron-withdrawing group, studies its liquid crystal liquid crystal property and possible photoelectric functional application.
First, rodlike Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers are by extensive research and application, but common liquid crystal unit mainly passes through ester bond
Or amido bond links together three phenyl ring, without being connected on thiophene；Second, electron-electron-withdrawing group (D-A) is altogether
Yoke structure according to electron-withdrawing group, electron donating group and conjugated bridge chain link mode in molecular structure difference, can be divided into
Lower several types：(A represents electron-withdrawing group to D- π-A, A- π-A, D- π-D, D- π-A- π-D, A- π-D- π-A, and D represents supplied for electronic
Group, π are conjugated bridge chain).Wherein the organic conjugated molecule with D- π-A, D- π-A- π-D, A- π-D- π-A structures has typical case
Intramolecular electron transfer characteristic, be widely used in the research of organic photoelectrical material.It, can be with for giving-receptor type polymer
By changing to the push-and-pull electronic capability of/receptor unit, adjusts and interact to the electric charge transfer between receptor unit, and then regulate and control
The optical band gap of material；Can also be by changing to the characteristic electron or bulk effect of/receptor unit, realization is targetedly adjusted
Control the purpose of molecular frontier orbital energy.So conjugated molecule structure is introduced into side group structure.
Invention content
The present invention gives electrophilic conjugated structure by the side group introducing in Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers with terthienyl
Construct the Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers with photoelectric functional, provide the Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers containing terthienyl preparation method and
It is applied.
The molecular structural formula of the crust type liquid crystal polymer provided by the present invention containing terthienyl is as follows：
Wherein R is carboxyl, ester group, amide groups, aryl or heterocycle.
Above-mentioned ester group can be expressed as-COOR ', wherein R ' representatives-CnH2n+1, n is natural number, preferably 1≤n≤24, more preferably
1≤n≤18。
Above-mentioned aryl and the heterocycle preferably group as shown in following formula II：
Wherein R ' is as previously mentioned, representative-CnH2n+1, n is natural number, preferably 1≤n≤24, more preferable 1≤n≤18.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of above-mentioned crust type liquid crystal polymer, include the following steps：
(1) it sets out from 2,5-, bis- bromo- 3 methyl thiophenes, 2,5-, bis- bromo- 3- is obtained by the reaction by NBS brominations and witt ig
Ylide reagent is obtained by the reaction especially by triphenyl phosphorus in vinyl thiophene, is then obtained by the reaction with formaldehyde under weak base effect
Ethylene double bond；
(2) it from thiophene carboxylic acid or esters, pulls out hydrogen reaction by low temperature and tin reagent is obtained by the reaction with normal-butyl tin chloride
B, it can be n-BuLi to pull out hydrogen reagent, can also be diisopropylamine lithium etc.；
(3) the compound A that compound B and (1) step are obtained is subjected to still couplings, obtains monomer；The catalysis specifically used
Agent can be：Four triphenyl phosphorus palladiums, bis- (triphenyl phosphorus) palladium bichlorides (II), three (o-methyl-phenyl) phosphorus and bis- (dibenzylidenes third
Ketone) palladium etc..
(4) subject polymer is obtained by traditional free radical polymerization or mesh is obtained by active free radical polymerization method
Polymer is marked, the active free radical polymerization method is Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) or living free radical polymerization
Method, initiator used by Transfer Radical Polymerization is one kind in bromo acid/bromo acid ester, with bromination
Sub- ketone or five oxygroup triamine (PMDETA) of tetramethyl are used as complexing agent；The initiator of living free radical polymerization method, use is peroxide
Change benzoyl BPO, nitrogen oxidation stability compound is done with tetramethyl piperidine (TEMPO)；General radical polymerize with benzoyl peroxide
BPO or azodiisobutyronitrile AIBN is initiator.
The present invention contains the Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers of terthienyl from a kind of side group of MOLECULE DESIGN angle design, wherein
For side group using terthienyl as electron donating group, end is connected to electron-withdrawing group, and forming A-D-A, (A is electron-withdrawing group, and D is to electricity
Subbase group) conjugate side based structures, the obstructed super-interval base of side group is directly connected to form typical crust type liquid with main chain vinyl
Polycrystalline macromolecule has liquid crystal liquid crystal property, can be orientated；Simultaneously because the A-D-A structures of side group have preferable absorbability in visible region
Matter has typical Photovoltaic Properties, and is orientated the raising for being conducive to its photovoltaic performance.
Specific embodiment
The content of patent for a better understanding of the present invention is illustrated below by way of specific embodiment containing terthienyl
The synthetic method of Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers.The preparation of monomer and the preparation of polymer are specifically included, but these embodiments are simultaneously
Do not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers containing terthienyl, concrete structure formula are as follows：
Preparation method is as follows：
(1) synthesis of bis- bromo- 3- vinyl thiophenes (compound A) of 2,5-
By 2,5-, bis- bromo- 3 methyl thiophenes (18.71g, 0.073mol), NBS (14.31g, 0.080mol), BPO
(0.89g, 0.004mol) is dissolved in dry CCl4 (270ml), extraction N2 (air) 3 times, is stirred at reflux (65 DEG C) 8h.Reaction
After the completion, occur the solid to suspend in the solution, filtrate is obtained by filtration, CHCl is used in combination3Elution, then it is spin-dried for solvent, prepare next
Step reaction.
Above-mentioned products therefrom is dissolved in dry acetone, adds triphenylphosphine (19.18g, 0.073mol), reaction one
There are a large amount of white solids in the section time, is stirred at reflux reaction 3h.Filter residue is collected by filtration, is washed with cold acetone.By obtained solid
It is dissolved in the formalin (40%) of 200ml, quickly stirs, 10%NaOH (60ml) is slowly added dropwise, reaction is for 24 hours.Reaction is completed
Afterwards, 80mlCH is used2Cl2(3 times) extractions, merge organic phase, anhydrous MgSO4It is dry, it is spin-dried for solvent.Crude product petroleum ether is to wash
Column chromatography (silica gel) purifying of de- agent, obtains weak yellow liquid.Yield is 54.6%.1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3), chemistry
Displacement (ppm):7.09 (unimodal, 1H, T-H), 6.57-6.64 (quartet, 1H ,-CH=), 5.53-5.58 (doublet, 1H ,=
), CH2 5.32-5.35 (doublet, 1H ,=CH2)；Mass spectrum：m/z 267.84(M++1)；Elemental analysis (%) C6H4Br2S:Reason
By value C 26.89, H 1.50, Br 59.64, S 11.96；Measured value：C 26.80,H 1.52,Br 59.59,S 11.92.
(2) synthesis of thiophene ester tin reagent (compound B)
Diisopropylamine (1.57g, 0.0155mol) is dissolved in dry THF (30ml), under protection of argon gas, at -78 DEG C
Under the conditions of, n-BuLi (6.20ml, 0.0155mol) is slowly added dropwise, reaction 1h is mixed.It is maintained at a temperature of -78 DEG C, it will
Thiophene ester (3.2916g, 0.0155mol) is dissolved in THF and is slowly dropped in mixed solution, the reaction was continued 1h.Again by normal-butyl
Stannic chloride (4.2ml, 0.0155mol) is dissolved in THF, is slowly added dropwise, is stirred to react 1h, then moves to room temperature reaction overnight.Reaction
After the completion, distilled water is added to be quenched, petroleum ether extraction, anhydrous sodium sulfate drying removes solvent.Crude product with dichloromethane make and
Petroleum ether (1:3) it is purified for the column chromatography (silica gel) of eluant, eluent, obtains colourless liquid.Yield is 58.5%.1H NMR
(400MHz, CDCl3), chemical shift (ppm):7.87-7.88 (doublet 1H, T-H), 7.14-7.15 (doublet, 1H, T-
), H 4.26-4.30 (triplet, 2H ,-OCH2), 0.88-1.76 (multiplet, 38H ,-CH2-,-CH2CH2CH2-,-CH3,-
CH2CH2CH2CH3)；Mass spectrum：m/z 502.19(M++1)；Elemental analysis (%) C23H42O2SSn:Theoretical value C 55.10, H
8.44, O 6.38, S 6.39, Sn 23.68；Measured value：C 55.15, H 8.32, O 6.40, S 6.32, Sn 23.63.
(3) synthesis of monomer 1
2,5-, bis- bromo- 3- vinyl thiophenes (2.6g, 9.7mmol), thiophene ester tin reagent (10.7g, 21.3mmol) is molten
In dry toluene, under nitrogen protection, it is protected from light and adds Pd (PPh3) 4 (0.56g, 0.49mmol), move in oil bath pan
100 DEG C are warming up to, 48h is reacted.After the completion of reaction, a large amount of dichloromethane is added and is spin-dried for solvent, adds saturation KF solution and stir
It mixes a period of time, dichloromethane extraction, is saturated NaCl solution water washing, anhydrous Na SO4 dryings are spin-dried for solvent, crude product stone
Oily ether and dichloromethane (2:1) it is purified for the column chromatography (silica gel) of eluant, eluent, obtains the oil of crocus.Yield is 68.0%.1H
NMR (400MHz, CDCl3), chemical shift (ppm):7.14-7.75 (multiplet, 5H, T-H), 6.91-6.98 (quartet,
1H ,-CH=), 5.72-5.77 (doublet, 1H ,=CH2), 5.41-5.44 (doublet, 1H ,=CH2), 4.28-4.32 (three
Weight peak, 4H ,-OCH2-), 1.60-1.77 (quintet, 4H ,-OCH2CH2-), 1.33-1.45 (multiplet, 12H ,-O (CH2) 2
(CH2) 3-), 0.90-0.93 (triplet, 6H ,-CH3)；Mass spectrum：m/z 530.16(M++1)；Elemental analysis (%)
C28H34O4S3:Theoretical value C 63.36, H 6.46, O 12.06, S 18.12；Measured value：C 63.33,H 6.50,O 12.001,
S 18.10。
(4) synthesis (traditional free radical polymerization) of polymer 1
By BPO, monomer TT-C6, it is added sequentially in clean polymerization pipe, by 1:50 molar ratio feeds intake.It is cold through three
Freeze-vacuumizing-to dissolve, after logical nitrogen circulation, in the case where vacuumizing, channel closure will be polymerize.It is placed in the oil bath of advance constant temperature
In (70 DEG C), be vigorously stirred polymerization 24 hours.Break tube sealing, dilute polymeric solution with 5mL tetrahydrofurans, then filtering is added drop-wise to
Largely in (about 200mL) methanol, it is settled out yellow solid polymer powder.By GPC, (gel permeation chromatography measures polymerization
The molecular weight of object is：Number-average molecular weight MnIt is 1.8 × 104)。
Embodiment 2：
A kind of Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers containing terthienyl, concrete structure formula are as follows：
Preparation method is as follows：
Compound A, compound B, 2 synthesis step of monomer are referring to embodiment 1；
(1) synthesis (atom transfer radical polymerization) of polymer 2
Initiator bromo acid, monomer 2, CuBr and PMDETA are added in dry test tube, by 1:50:2:2
Molar ratio feeds intake, then test tube freeze-vacuumizing-and leads to nitrogen circulation three times, and the tube sealing under vacuum condition moves to advance perseverance
In the oil bath pan of temperature (70 DEG C), it is stirred to react 24 hours.Taking-up polymerization pipe, which is put into ice-water bath, to be quickly cooled down, and quick end is being reached
The only effect of polymerisation.Tube sealing is opened, with THF diluted polymers, copper ion is removed by alumina column, while being made with methanol
It for precipitating reagent, filters, washing, then polymer is dried in a vacuum, the weight for making it keep constant.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers containing terthienyl, concrete structure formula are as follows：
Preparation method is as follows：
(1) compound A, compound B, 3 synthesis step of monomer are referring to embodiment 1；
(2) synthesis (traditional free radical polymerization) of polymer 3
It is added sequentially in clean polymerization pipe, BPO, monomer 3 by 1:50 molar ratio feeds intake.Through three freezing-pumpings
After vacuum-dissolving, logical nitrogen circulation, in the case where vacuumizing, channel closure will be polymerize.It is placed in (70 in the oil bath of advance constant temperature
DEG C), it is vigorously stirred polymerization 24 hours.Break tube sealing, dilute polymeric solution with 5mL tetrahydrofurans, then filtering is added drop-wise to a large amount of
In (about 200mL) methanol, it is settled out yellow solid polymer powder.
Several embodiments of the invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Cannot the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention therefore be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect range.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Attached drawing and explanation
Fig. 1 is the nucleus magnetic hydrogen spectrum of polymer 1 in the embodiment of the present invention 1, and figure medium vinyl peak disappears, illustrates to have obtained target
Polymer, other feature peak have been shown in figure.
Fig. 2 is the UV-visible spectrum of polymer 1 solution and film in the embodiment of the present invention 1.From figure it is recognised that
The maximum absorption wavelength of the material is located at 492nm and 519nm or so, and absorption spectrum is wider, can be applied to as photovoltaic material
Polymer solar battery.
Fig. 3 is the POM figures of polymer 1 in the embodiment of the present invention 1, illustrates, with birefringent phenomenon, there is liquid crystal liquid crystal property.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of crust type liquid crystal polymer containing terthienyl, which is characterized in that the chemical formula of the liquid crystal polymer such as formula
(I) shown in：
Wherein R is carboxyl, ester group, amide groups, aryl or heterocycle.
Above-mentioned ester group can be expressed as-COOR ', wherein R ' representatives-CnH2n+1, n is natural number, preferably 1≤n≤24, more preferable 1≤n
≤18。
Above-mentioned aryl and the heterocycle preferably group as shown in following formula II：
Wherein R ' is as previously mentioned, representative-CnH2n+1, n is natural number, preferably 1≤n≤24, more preferable 1≤n≤18.
2. the preparation method of above-mentioned Mesogen-jacketed Liquid Crystalline Polymers, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) it sets out from 2,5-, bis- bromo- 3 methyl thiophenes, 2,5-, bis- bromo- 3- ethylene is obtained by the reaction by NBS brominations and witt i g
Base thiophene (compound A)：
(2) it from thiophene carboxylic acid or esters, pulls out hydrogen reaction by low temperature and tin reagent B is obtained by the reaction with n-butylmagnesium chloride tin；
Wherein R is carboxyl, ester group, amide groups, aryl or heterocycle.
(3) the compound A that compound B and (1) step are obtained is subjected to still couplings, obtains monomer C；
Wherein R is carboxyl, ester group, amide groups, aryl or heterocycle.
(4) it obtains subject polymer by traditional free radical polymerization or obtains target by active free radical polymerization method to gather
Close object；
Wherein R is carboxyl, ester group, amide groups, aryl or heterocycle.
3. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the wittig reactions are reacted by triphenyl phosphorus
To ylide reagent, vinyl then is obtained by the reaction with formaldehyde under weak base effect；
4. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that pulling out hydrogen reagent in the preparation method of the tin reagent can be with
It is n-BuLi, can also be diisopropylamine lithium etc.；
5. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the Still, which is coupled the catalyst used, to be：Four
Triphenyl phosphorus palladium, bis- (triphenyl phosphorus) palladium bichlorides (II), three (o-methyl-phenyl) phosphorus and bis- (dibenzalacetone) palladiums etc..
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the active free radical polymerization method be atom transfer from
By base polymerization (ATRP) or living free radical polymerization method；
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that used by Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)
Initiator is one kind in bromo acid/bromo acid ester, with five oxygroup triamine (PMDETA) of protobromide ketone or tetramethyl
As complexing agent；
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the initiator of living free radical polymerization method, use was
Benzoyl Oxide BPO does nitrogen oxidation stability compound with tetramethyl piperidine (TEMPO)；
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that general radical polymerization with benzoyl peroxide BPO or
Azodiisobutyronitrile AIBN is initiator.
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