CN108206560A - Battery equalization method - Google Patents
Battery equalization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108206560A CN108206560A CN201611185693.1A CN201611185693A CN108206560A CN 108206560 A CN108206560 A CN 108206560A CN 201611185693 A CN201611185693 A CN 201611185693A CN 108206560 A CN108206560 A CN 108206560A
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- Prior art keywords
- battery
- time
- single battery
- soc
- balance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery equalization method, which comprises the following steps: measuring the open circuit voltage of each single battery; obtaining the state of charge of each single battery according to the open-circuit voltage of each single battery; calculating the difference delta SOC between the state of charge of each single battery and the minimum value of the state of charge of all the single batteries; judging whether the single batteries need to be balanced or not according to the delta SOC of each single battery; calculating the required balancing time according to the delta SOC of each single battery needing balancing; and taking balancing measures for the corresponding single batteries according to the balancing time. Compared with the prior art, the method reduces the measurement and operation overhead during battery equalization, improves the efficiency of the battery equalization system, realizes the automation of battery equalization, and ensures the safe and reliable operation of the battery equalization system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of batteries, it is more particularly related to a kind of battery equalization method.
Background technology
Due to the limitation of the energy content of battery and terminal voltage, in practical application, it is usually necessary to use multiple batteries to carry out series and parallel
It combines to reach higher voltage and larger energy.It is and numerous due to the nonlinearity of battery behavior, while in battery pack
There are differences such as manufacturing process, material, use environment, the modes of connection between battery, there are capacity, terminal voltages between single battery
Inconsistent with internal resistance is can hardly be avoided；In long-term charge and discharge process, the aggravation of inconsistency between single battery can cause
The rapid decay of whole group battery capacity results even in Individual cells and is damaged due to overcharge and overdischarge.Therefore in battery
Connection in series-parallel is in use, need to carry out each single battery being used together balanced.
At present, it is battery balanced main using voltage difference equalization, but voltage difference equalization is to the list in battery management system
Piece machine is more demanding, and microcontroller needs the moment to measure and calculate the voltage of all batteries, and is compared with target voltage.When all
During sample circuit oepration at full load, the battery balanced computing load that can increase microcontroller is opened, microcontroller expense is big, can not be under
Automatic equalization when electric.
In view of this, it is necessory to provide a kind of battery equalization method that can be solved the above problems.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to：Overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide it is a kind of simple, be easily achieved, operation result of measurement amount
Small battery equalization method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of battery equalization method, include the following steps：
Step 1 measures the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycell；
Step 2, by the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycellObtain the state-of-charge SOC of each single batterycell；
Step 3 calculates the state-of-charge SOC of each single batterycellWith all single battery state-of-charge SOCcellIn
Minimum value SOCminDifference Δ SOC；
Step 4 judges whether it needs equilibrium according to the Δ SOC of each single battery；
Step 5 calculates its required time for balance according to the Δ SOC of balanced each single battery is needed in step 4
T；
Step 6, in default time for balance T1It is interior to discharge each single battery, if the time for balance T of single battery is more than in advance
If time for balance T1, then to single battery discharge time T1, otherwise to single battery discharge time T.
As a kind of improvement of battery equalization method of the present invention, the basis for estimation of the step 4 is, if single battery
Δ SOC is more than default state-of-charge thresholding, then judges that it needs equilibrium, otherwise judges that it does not need to be balanced.
As a kind of improvement of battery equalization method of the present invention, the step 5 is specifically, balanced each list as needed
The Δ SOC of a battery calculates its corresponding capacity difference Δ CAP, when calculating its required equilibrium further according to its capacity difference Δ CAP
Between T, wherein, the capacity difference Δ CAP of single battery is the residual capacity of single battery and the SOCminCorresponding single battery
Residual capacity difference.
As a kind of improvement of battery equalization method of the present invention, the step 5 balanced each single battery as needed
The formula that Δ SOC calculates its corresponding capacity difference Δ CAP is Δ CAP=CAP*SOH* Δ SOC, wherein, CAP is known battery
Rated capacity, SOH are known battery health degree.
As a kind of improvement of battery equalization method of the present invention, the calculation formula of the time for balance T is T=Δ CAP/I,
Wherein, I is preset euqalizing current.
It as a kind of improvement of battery equalization method of the present invention, further includes, judges each between the step 1 and step 2
The open-circuit voltage OCV of single batterycellWhether in predetermined linear voltage range, open-circuit voltage OCVcellIn predetermined linear voltage
In the range of single battery enter step two；Open-circuit voltage OCVcellNot the single battery in predetermined linear voltage range then with
Time TOn-T1As its required time for balance T and step 6 is transferred to, TOnFor its time for balance in upper one cycle.
As a kind of improvement of battery equalization method of the present invention, step 7 is further included after the step 6, default equal
Weigh time T1After to all batteries stop discharge, and judge equalizing circuit be in static condition time whether be more than preset
Time of repose T2Start next cycle if being then transferred to step 1, if otherwise continuing to keep static condition.
As a kind of improvement of battery equalization method of the present invention, in the step 7, equalizing circuit is in static condition
Standard is that discharge circuit electric current is less than default standing threshold.
As a kind of improvement of battery equalization method of the present invention, the step 6 is in default time for balance T1It is interior to each single
During battery discharge, discharge circuit is also detected simultaneously whether in normal operating conditions.
Compared with prior art, battery equalization method of the present invention at least has following technique effect：
First, the state-of-charge of battery is obtained by battery open circuit voltage, and with reference to required for other parameters obtain battery
Time for balance, measurement and computing overhead when reducing battery balanced reduce the operand of microcontroller, it is equal to improve battery
The efficiency of balance system.
Second, setting stops balance stage, carries out battery balanced can be recycled in the case where being not required to manually participate in, real
Show battery balanced automation, while ensure battery equalization system safe and reliable operation.
Description of the drawings
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, battery equalization method of the present invention and its advantageous effects are carried out detailed
It describes in detail bright.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of battery equalization method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of one embodiment of battery equalization method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
It is clear in order to be more clear the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and technique effect, below in conjunction with attached drawing and specifically
Embodiment, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be understood that the specific embodiment described in this specification
Just for the sake of explaining the present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
It please refers to shown in Fig. 1, battery equalization method of the present invention includes the following steps：
Step 101, the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single battery is measuredcell；
Step 103, by the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycellObtain the state-of-charge SOC of each single batterycell；
Step 105, the state-of-charge SOC of each single battery is calculatedcellWith all single battery state-of-charge SOCcellIn
Minimum value SOCminDifference Δ SOC, formula is：Δ SOC=SOCcell-SOCmin；
Step 107, judge whether it needs equilibrium according to the Δ SOC of each single battery；Basis for estimation is：If single battery
Δ SOC be more than default state-of-charge thresholding, then judge that it needs equilibrium, otherwise judge that it does not need to be balanced；
Step 109, according to when the Δ SOC of balanced each single battery being needed to calculate its required equilibrium in step 107
Between T；Circular is：It is (public to calculate its corresponding capacity difference Δ CAP by the Δ SOC of balanced each single battery as needed
Formula is Δ CAP=CAP*SOH* Δ SOC, wherein, CAP is known battery rated capacity, SOH is known battery health degree),
Further according to its capacity difference Δ CAP calculate its required time for balance T (calculation formula is T=Δ CAP/I, wherein, I is default
Euqalizing current), wherein, the capacity difference Δ CAP of single battery is the residual capacity of single battery and the SOCminCorresponding
The difference of the residual capacity of single battery；
Step 111, in default time for balance T1It is interior to discharge each single battery, if the time for balance T of single battery is more than
Default time for balance T1, then to single battery discharge time T1, otherwise to single battery discharge time T；
Step 113, in default time for balance T1After to all batteries stop discharge, and judge equalizing circuit be in it is quiet
Whether the time for putting state is more than default time of repose T2Start next cycle if being then transferred to step 101, if otherwise after
Static condition is held in continuation of insurance；Wherein, the standard that equalizing circuit is in static condition is that discharge circuit electric current is less than default standing electric current
Thresholding.
It is one embodiment of battery equalization method of the present invention below.
It please refers to shown in Fig. 2, battery management system carries out battery balanced mistake for 48V battery packs in hybrid vehicle
Journey is divided into four-stage：Judgement primary condition calculates time for balance, takes balanced measure, stops equilibrium, wherein, it calculates balanced
Time takes balanced measure, stops balanced three phases according to condition cycle progress.
The state-of-charge SOC that primary condition includes battery pack is more than 35%, hybrid vehicle not in driving states, battery
The battery balanced function of management system is not disabled, the related data of all batteries has obtained in battery pack.Work as primary condition
When all meeting, into the calculating time for balance stage.
The time for balance stage is calculated, measures the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single battery in battery pack firstcell, judge to open a way
Voltage OCVcellWhether in the range of the open-circuit voltage linear value of default enquiry form.Wherein, enquiry form is preset as battery electricity
One Basic Physical Properties parameter list of core is calculated by experimental data binding isotherm and obtained.
If the open-circuit voltage OCV of batterycellIn the range of open-circuit voltage linear value, then found out by default enquiry form
Open-circuit voltage OCVcellCorresponding state-of-charge SOCcell, and according to state-of-charge SOCcellWhen calculating battery is required balanced
Between, subsequently into taking the balanced measure stage.According to state-of-charge SOCcellCalculate the calculating of the required time for balance of battery
Process is as follows.
The minimum value of state-of-charge SOC in all batteries is taken to be used as with reference to value SOCmin, calculate state-of-charge SOCcellWith ginseng
Examine value SOCminDifference Δ SOC, formula is：Δ SOC=SOCcell-SOCmin。
Judge whether the Δ SOC of each battery is more than default state-of-charge thresholding, state-of-charge is preset in the present embodiment
Thresholding is preferably 5%, if then the battery needs equilibrium, if otherwise the battery does not need to be balanced.Default state-of-charge thresholding
Effect is to evade the error of lookup data and detection.
Calculating needs the capacity difference Δ CAP of balanced battery, and formula is：Δ CAP=CAP*SOH* Δ SOC, wherein, CAP
It is known battery health degree for known battery rated capacity, SOH.
Calculating needs the balanced required time for balance T of battery, and formula is：T=Δ CAP/I, wherein, I is preset
Euqalizing current, the size of I can be set according to the situation of battery and battery management system, specifically can be by the self discharge of battery
Rate is unable to equilibrium degree rate and converts to obtain.Such as：The battery self discharge rate of some battery pack is the 1000mAh/ months, if weekly
Weighing apparatus is primary, and each time for balance is 8 hours, then electric current I is：1A/4week/8h=31.25mA/h.Equalizing resistance is：3.7v/
31.25mA=118.4 ohm.
If the open-circuit voltage OCV of batterycellNot in the range of open-circuit voltage linear value, then with time TOn-T1As needed for it
The time for balance T and entrance wanted takes the balanced measure stage, wherein, TOnFor its time for balance in upper one cycle, T1For
The default time for balance in balanced measure stage.
The balanced measure stage is taken, in default time for balance T1The interior battery discharge to needing equilibrium, in the present embodiment
Default time for balance T1Preferably 1 hour.If the time for balance T of battery is more than default time for balance T1, then to battery discharge time
T1, otherwise to battery discharge time T.The time for balance needed for battery can be accurately controlled in this way, and makes all batteries in balanced rank
The time of Duan Suoyong is all being limited to default time for balance T1It is interior, prevent time for balance is long from being generated largely in equalizing circuit
Thermal accumlation.During to needing balanced battery discharge, while whether discharge circuit is detected in normal operating conditions, detection mode
It can be the pressure differential method of detection equalizing resistance both end voltage, detect falling trend, detecting equalizing resistance work for battery core both end voltage
Heat, Hall current detection method when making etc..Time T1After enter stop balance stage.
Stop balance stage, all batteries are stopped discharging, judge the equalizing circuit of battery management system whether in quiet
State is put, if discharge circuit electric current is less than default standing threshold, judges that equalizing circuit is in static condition, in this implementation
It is preferably 1A to be preset in example and stand threshold.
When equalizing circuit is in static condition, judge that equalizing circuit is in whether time of static condition surpasses more than the time
Cross default time of repose T2, time of repose T is preset in the present embodiment2Preferably 2 hours.If equalizing circuit is in static condition
Time be more than default time of repose T2, then start next cycle, into the calculating time for balance stage.
It should be noted that it is based on following design to stop balance stage stopping all batteries equilibrium：In view of passive
The characteristic of discharge circuit can generate a large amount of accumulation of heat in balancing procedure, therefore equalizing circuit was needed in the operation long period
After close, in order to distributing for heat, while also significantly reduce the polarization that cell during discharge brings and influence.Therefore stop
The guarantee for implement of balance stage battery equalization method of the present invention can be recycled in the case where being not required to manually participate in and be carried out, and be realized
Battery balanced automation.
It can be seen that with reference to more than detailed description of the present invention relative to the prior art, battery equalization method of the present invention
Advantageous effects include but not limited to：
First, the state-of-charge of battery is obtained by battery open circuit voltage, and with reference to required for other parameters obtain battery
Time for balance, measurement and computing overhead when reducing battery balanced reduce the operand of microcontroller, it is equal to improve battery
The efficiency of balance system.
Second, setting stops balance stage, carries out battery balanced can be recycled in the case where being not required to manually participate in, real
Show battery balanced automation, while ensure battery equalization system safe and reliable operation.
According to above-mentioned principle, the present invention can also carry out the above embodiment appropriate change and modification.Therefore, this hair
It is bright to be not limited to specific embodiment disclosed and described above, some modifications and changes of the present invention should also be as to fall into this
In the scope of the claims of invention.In addition, although some specific terms, these terms are used in this specification
Merely for convenience of description, it does not limit the present invention in any way.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of battery equalization method, it is characterised in that：It the described method comprises the following steps：
Step 1 measures the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycell；
Step 2, by the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycellObtain the state-of-charge SOC of each single batterycell；
Step 3 calculates the state-of-charge SOC of each single batterycellWith all single battery state-of-charge SOCcellIn minimum
Value SOCminDifference Δ SOC；
Step 4 judges whether it needs equilibrium according to the Δ SOC of each single battery；
Step 5 calculates its required time for balance T according to the Δ SOC of balanced each single battery is needed in step 4；
Step 6, in default time for balance T1It is interior to discharge each single battery, it is preset if the time for balance T of single battery is more than
Weigh time T1, then to single battery discharge time T1, otherwise to single battery discharge time T.
2. battery equalization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The basis for estimation of the step 4 is, if single
The Δ SOC of a battery is more than default state-of-charge thresholding, then judges that it needs equilibrium, otherwise judges that it does not need to be balanced.
3. battery equalization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 5 is specifically, as needed
The Δ SOC of each single battery of weighing apparatus calculates its corresponding capacity difference Δ CAP, required for calculating it further according to its capacity difference Δ CAP
Time for balance T, wherein, the capacity difference Δ CAP of single battery is the residual capacity of single battery and the SOCminCorresponding
The difference of the residual capacity of single battery.
4. battery equalization method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The step 5 balanced each list as needed
The formula that the Δ SOC of a battery calculates its corresponding capacity difference Δ CAP is Δ CAP=CAP*SOH* Δ SOC, wherein, CAP is
The battery rated capacity known, SOH are known battery health degree.
5. battery equalization method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The calculation formula of the time for balance T is T=
Δ CAP/I, wherein, I is preset euqalizing current.
6. battery equalization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is also wrapped between the step 1 and step 2
It includes, judges the open-circuit voltage OCV of each single batterycellWhether in predetermined linear voltage range, open-circuit voltage OCVcellDefault
Single battery in linear voltage range enters step two；Open-circuit voltage OCVcellIt is not single in predetermined linear voltage range
Battery is then with time TOn-T1As its required time for balance T and step 6 is transferred to, TOnFor its equilibrium in upper one cycle
Time.
7. battery equalization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 7 is further included after the step 6,
In default time for balance T1After to all batteries stop discharge, and judge equalizing circuit be in static condition time whether
More than default time of repose T2Start next cycle if being then transferred to step 1, if otherwise continuing to keep static condition.
8. battery equalization method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：In the step 7, equalizing circuit is in quiet
The standard for putting state is that discharge circuit electric current is less than default standing threshold.
9. battery equalization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 6 is in default time for balance T1It is interior
When discharging each single battery, discharge circuit is also detected simultaneously whether in normal operating conditions.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611185693.1A CN108206560B (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Battery equalization method |
| PCT/CN2017/092320 WO2018113269A1 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2017-07-09 | Cell equalization method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611185693.1A CN108206560B (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Battery equalization method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108206560A true CN108206560A (en) | 2018-06-26 |
| CN108206560B CN108206560B (en) | 2021-01-19 |
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| CN201611185693.1A Active CN108206560B (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2016-12-20 | Battery equalization method |
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| CN (1) | CN108206560B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018113269A1 (en) |
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| CN108944509A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-07 | 宁波均胜科技有限公司 | A kind of batteries of electric automobile state-of-charge balanced management method |
| CN109193828A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-11 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | A kind of method of each single string battery core voltage difference in fast uniform electrokinetic cell system |
| CN110544801A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2019-12-06 | 河南理工大学 | Battery pack dual-target adaptive equalization control method based on health state |
| CN111463504A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2020-07-28 | 上海什弋维新能源科技有限公司 | Equalization algorithm for maintaining battery module |
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| KR20210042402A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2021-04-19 | 동관 파워앰프 테크놀로지 리미티드 | Parallel battery pack charge/discharge management method, electronic device and electric system |
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| CN108206560B (en) | 2021-01-19 |
| WO2018113269A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
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