CN108115145A - A kind of apparatus for preparing metal powder and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of apparatus for preparing metal powder and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108115145A CN108115145A CN201711465760.XA CN201711465760A CN108115145A CN 108115145 A CN108115145 A CN 108115145A CN 201711465760 A CN201711465760 A CN 201711465760A CN 108115145 A CN108115145 A CN 108115145A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0888—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid casting construction of the melt process, apparatus, intermediate reservoir, e.g. tundish, devices for temperature control
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the present invention relates to a kind of apparatus for preparing metal powder and methods, the device includes the part such as control system, smelting system, vacuum system, spray chamber, control pressurer system, dust pelletizing system and forms, and wherein the atomizer in spray chamber includes gas atomizing nozzle, stream nozzle and melt dispersion device；The gas atomizing nozzle and stream nozzle are above melt dispersion device, and the center line and stream nozzle center line of gas atomizing nozzle center line and melt dispersion device overlap, and the stream nozzle is mounted on the bottom of working chamber, and stretches into spray chamber.The described method includes：Shove charge, METAL HEATING PROCESS and melting, melt on the indoor melt dispersion device of injection atomization, are dispersed into drop, are tiny drop to drop atomization, drop cooled and solidified forms metal powder under the action of the gravity and gas pressure.The method disclosed by the invention for preparing metal powder has many advantages, such as good powder size controllability, powder size narrow distribution, is not easy stifled stove, energy conservation and environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy, in particular to a device and a method for preparing metal powder by an atomization method.
Background
The metal powder is applied in almost all industrial fields, wherein the fast-solidification metal powder has excellent physical, chemical and mechanical properties, so that the fast-solidification metal powder is very important and widely applied in various fields such as machinery, electronics, chemical engineering, military industry, aerospace and the like. The gas atomization method is one of important methods for preparing and producing rapidly solidified metal powder in a large scale, but the existing gas atomization method has the problems of wide powder particle size distribution, low powder yield, high energy consumption, easy furnace blockage and the like. The invention provides a typical method for preparing metal powder, namely a close coupling type gas atomization powder preparation method, which is provided in the US patent 5242508, and can produce alloy powder with higher melting point, but has the problems of large average particle size of the powder, wider particle size distribution of the powder, low powder yield, easy furnace blockage and the like; the method and the device proposed in chinese patent CN104550987A have similar problems, and these problems are all important factors affecting the quality of the powder and increasing the cost of the powder, and need to be solved by technical progress.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a metal powder preparation device and method based on a gas atomization technology. The method has the advantages of good powder particle size regulation and control, narrow powder particle size distribution, high powder yield, difficult furnace blockage, low energy consumption and the like, effectively improves the product quality, and reduces the production cost.
In order to achieve one of the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a metal powder preparation device comprises a control system, a vacuum system, a smelting system, an atomizing chamber, a pressure control system and a dust removal system; the control system controls the operation and running of the whole system; the vacuum system is respectively connected with the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber of the smelting system and is communicated with the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber through a valve control; the smelting chamber is arranged above the atomizing chamber and is connected with the atomizing chamber; the atomizer is arranged in the atomizing chamber and at the bottom of the smelting chamber; the pressure control system is connected with the smelting chamber; the atomization chamber is connected with the dust removal system; the dust removal system comprises a cyclone dust collector, a filter and a fan, wherein the dust collector is provided with a valve for controlling the communication with the atmosphere; the atomizer comprises a gas atomizing nozzle, a flow nozzle and a melt disperser; the gas atomizing nozzle and the flow nozzle are arranged above the melt disperser, the center line of the gas atomizing nozzle is superposed with the center line of the melt disperser and the center line of the flow nozzle, and the flow nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the smelting chamber and extends into the atomizing chamber.
Furthermore, the smelting system comprises a smelting ladle, a tundish, a smelting chamber and a heating smelting power supply; the melting chamber is connected with the atomizing chamber only through a melt channel, and other parts are in a sealed and isolated state; the pressure control system comprises a pressure sensor, a gas supply control valve, a gas exhaust control valve and a pressure controller.
further, the gas atomizing nozzle is an annular nozzle, the number of the spray holes is 2-50, preferably 12-30, and the included angle α between the center line of each spray hole and the center line of the gas atomizing nozzle is 0-65 degrees, preferably 10-45 degrees.
furthermore, the gas atomizing nozzle is a circular seam type nozzle, the included angle α between the spraying center line of the gas atomizing nozzle and the center line of the gas atomizing nozzle is 0-65 degrees, preferably 10-45 degrees, and the diameter d of the outlet of the inner hole of the flow nozzle is 1-20 mm, preferably 5-8 mm.
Further, the melt disperser comprises an outer sleeve, a heater, a temperature measuring sensor and a temperature controller; the distance h between the top end of the melt disperser and the bottom surface of the nozzle is 5-80 mm, and preferably 30-50 mm; the part of the melt disperser contacted with the melt is composed of one or more of boron nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, diamond, graphite, titanium and titanium alloy, die steel, stainless steel and high-melting-point metal and alloy.
further, the top surface of the melt disperser is conical, and the included angle β between the conical surface generatrix and the conical surface central line is 20-85 degrees, preferably 30-60 degrees.
further, the top surface of the melt disperser is a concave curved cone, and the included angle β between the tangent of the conical surface bottom along the generatrix direction and the central line of the conical surface is 20-90 degrees, preferably 30-80 degrees.
In order to achieve the second purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing metal powder by using the device for preparing metal powder comprises the following steps:
s1: charging, including charging metal into a smelting bag according to a designed proportion;
s2: heating and smelting, wherein the heating and smelting comprises starting a smelting power supply of a smelting ladle, heating and smelting metal, and simultaneously starting a power supply of a tundish to heat the tundish;
s3: pouring and atomizing, pouring the melt into the tundish when the smelting is finished and the temperature of the tundish reaches a set value, starting a pressure control system, controlling the pressure in the smelting chamber to be the set value, injecting the melt onto a melt disperser of the atomizing chamber under the action of gravity and gas pressure, then flowing and spreading on the conical surface of the disperser to form a film, dispersing the film into liquid drops under the action of surface tension, simultaneously opening a gas atomizing nozzle, impacting the metal liquid drops by gas flow emitted by the gas atomizing nozzle, dispersing the metal liquid drops into smaller liquid drops, and cooling and solidifying the liquid drops to form metal powder;
s4: and powder is collected and dedusted, the atomized powder enters a cyclone deduster along with gas, the powder falls into a powder collecting tank after being settled by the cyclone deduster, the superfine part is filtered by a filter, and clean gas is discharged outdoors.
Further, when smelting a metal susceptible to oxidation, the method further includes, after the step S1, S1': atmosphere preparation, which comprises starting a vacuum system to vacuumize the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber, and filling protective gas to make the pressure of the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber reach a set value when the vacuum reaches the set value; the protective gas is one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and other gases capable of protecting metals from being oxidized, and preferably nitrogen and argon.
Further, the melt pouring overheating temperature is 20-350 ℃, and preferably 50-200 ℃; the preheating temperature of the tundish is within the range of the melting point of the alloy +/-800 ℃, and preferably within the range of the melting point of the alloy +/-200 ℃.
Further, the gas pressure in the smelting chamber during atomization is 0-2 MPa, preferably 0.005-0.06 MPa; the pressure of the atomizing gas is 2-20 MPa, preferably 3-5 MPa; the temperature of the melt disperser is controlled between-200 and +800 ℃ of the melting point of the metal, and preferably between +50 and +200 ℃ of the melting point of the metal.
The technique of the invention can be used to prepare metal, alloy or nonmetal powders with melting points below 2000 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the melt spreads on the melt disperser to form a film, then molten drops with uniform size are formed under the action of surface tension, the molten drops are further atomized into melt fog under the impact shearing action of gas sprayed from the gas atomizer, and then the melt fog is cooled and solidified into metal powder. Therefore, the invention belongs to a two-stage atomization powder preparation technology, the particle size controllability of the prepared powder is better, the particle size distribution is narrower, and the powder with fine particle size can be obtained only by using smaller gas pressure. Therefore, the technology provided by the invention is more efficient and energy-saving, and the product cost is lower. The flow nozzle is not contacted with the gas atomizing nozzle, so that the heat transfer from the flow nozzle to the gas atomizing nozzle is reduced, the temperature drop of the flow nozzle is small, and the furnace blockage is not easy to occur; meanwhile, the problem that the furnace is blocked due to the fact that the pressure at the outlet of the flow nozzle is increased due to airflow focusing in the existing tight coupling type gas atomization technology is avoided, so that the furnace is not easy to block by the technology, and the product quality is more stable.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal powder production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an atomizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first melt disperser in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second melt disperser in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The parts in the figures are numbered: 1-a smelting chamber; 2-smelting a ladle; 3-a pressure control system; 4, pouring in a tundish; 5-a sealing member; 6-a flow nozzle; 7-atomizing nozzle; 8-atomizing airflow; 9-molten dripping; 10-melt disperser; 11-heater and temperature sensor; 12-a valve; 13-temperature controller; 14-an atomization chamber; 15-a valve; 16-a valve; 17-vacuum system; 18-cyclone dust collector; 19-a powder collecting tank; 20, a filter; 21-a powder collecting tank; 22-an exhaust fan.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
According to the embodiment of the invention, an apparatus for preparing metal powder is provided, and referring to fig. 1-4, the apparatus comprises a control system, a smelting system, a vacuum system 17, an atomizing chamber 14, a pressure control system 3, a dust removal system and the like. The control system controls the operation of the whole system; the vacuum system 17 is respectively connected with the smelting chamber 1 and the atomizing chamber 14 and is controlled and communicated by valves 15 and 16; the smelting chamber 1 is arranged above and connected with the atomizing chamber 14; an atomizer is arranged in the atomizing chamber 14 and is arranged at the bottom of the smelting chamber 1; the pressure control system 3 is connected with the smelting chamber 14; the atomizing chamber 14 is connected with a dust removal system; the dust removal system comprises a cyclone dust collector 18, a filter 20, a fan 22 and the like, and the dust collector is provided with a valve 12 for controlling communication with the atmosphere. The smelting system comprises a smelting ladle 2, a tundish 4, a smelting chamber 1 and a heating smelting power supply. The melting chamber 1 is connected with the atomizing chamber 14 only through a melt channel, namely only an inner hole of the nozzle 6 is connected, and the other parts are in a sealed and isolated state, which is realized by the sealing piece 5 and the nozzle 6 together. The pressure control system 3 is connected with the atomizing chamber 14, consists of a pressure sensor, a gas supply control valve, a gas exhaust control valve, a pressure controller and the like, and can automatically control the atmosphere pressure level in the smelting chamber 1. The atomizer consists of a gas atomizing nozzle 7, a flow nozzle 6 and a melt disperser 10. The gas atomizing nozzle 7 and the flow nozzle 6 are arranged above the melt disperser 10, and the central line of the gas atomizing nozzle 7 is superposed with the central line of the melt disperser 10 and the central line of the flow nozzle 6. The melt disperser 10 is arranged in the atomizing chamber 14, the gas atomizing nozzle 7 is generally arranged in the atomizing chamber 14, and can also be arranged at the bottom of the smelting chamber 1; the flow nozzle 6 is arranged at the bottom of the smelting chamber 1.
the gas atomizing nozzle 7 is an annular nozzle, the number of spray holes is 2-50, preferably 12-30, and the included angle α between the center line of the spray holes and the center line of the gas atomizing nozzle 7 is 0-65 degrees, preferably 10-45 degrees.
As shown in FIG. 2, unlike the prior art, the gas atomizing nozzle 7 of the present invention has the spray holes not being focused but diverging outward, or the gas atomizing nozzle 7 is a circular slot nozzle, and the included angle α between the spray center line of the gas atomizing nozzle 7 and the spray center line of the gas atomizing nozzle is 0 to 65 degrees, preferably 10 to 45 degrees, as shown in FIG. 2, the spray gas channel of the circular slot gas atomizing nozzle 7 of the present invention is also diverging outward.
The diameter d of an inner hole outlet of the flow nozzle 6 is 1-20 mm, and preferably 5-8 mm. The size is selected by comprehensively considering the requirements of the powder particle size distribution, the production efficiency and the like. The melt disperser 10 consists of an outer sleeve, a heater 11, a temperature measuring sensor 13 and a temperature controller 13. The distance h between the top end of the melt disperser 10 and the bottom surface of the flow nozzle 6 is 5-80 mm, and preferably 30-50 mm.
as shown in fig. 3, the top surface of the melt distributor 10 is conical, and the included angle β between the generatrix of the conical surface and the central line of the conical surface is 20 ° to 85 °, preferably 30 ° to 60 °.
as shown in fig. 4, the top surface of the melt disperser 10 is a concave curved cone, and the included angle β between the tangent of the cone bottom along the generatrix direction and the center line of the cone is 20 ° to 90 °, preferably 30 ° to 80 °.
The part of the melt disperser 10, i.e. the conical surface part, in contact with the melt is made of one or more materials, usually one, or a plurality of materials, which have strong corrosion resistance to the atomized melt, such as boron nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, diamond, graphite, titanium and titanium alloy, die steel, stainless steel, high-melting point metal and alloy, and other materials, and can form a multi-layer composite structure. The material of the alloy has different preferences according to different alloys, and the selection principle is that the atomized melt has stronger corrosion resistance, good thermal shock resistance, good melt scouring resistance, easy processing and lower cost.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing metal powder using the apparatus for preparing metal powder, including the steps of:
s1: charging, namely charging metals into the smelting bag 2 according to a designed proportion;
s2: preparing atmosphere, starting a vacuum system 17 to vacuumize the smelting chamber 1 and the atomizing chamber 14, and filling protective gas to enable the pressure of the smelting chamber 1 and the atomizing chamber 14 to reach a set value when the vacuum reaches the set value; the protective gas is one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and other gases capable of protecting metals from being oxidized, and preferably nitrogen and argon;
s3: heating and smelting, wherein a smelting power supply of the smelting ladle 2 is started to heat and smelt the metal, and a tundish power supply is started to heat the tundish 4;
s4: pouring atomization, pouring melt into the tundish 4 when the smelting is finished and the temperature of the tundish 4 reaches a set value, starting the pressure control system 3, and controlling the pressure in the smelting chamber 1 at the set value. The melt is injected into a melt disperser 10 in an atomizing chamber 14 under the action of gravity and gas pressure, flows and spreads on the conical surface of the disperser to form a film, the film is dispersed into molten drops under the action of surface tension, meanwhile, a gas atomizing nozzle 7 is opened, the gas flow injected by the gas atomizing nozzle 7 impacts metal droplets to disperse the metal droplets into finer molten drops, and the molten drops are cooled and solidified to form metal powder.
S5: powder is collected and dedusted, the atomized powder enters a cyclone deduster 18 along with gas, the powder falls into a powder collecting tank 19 after being settled by the cyclone deduster, the superfine part is filtered by a filter 20, and clean gas is discharged outdoors. Therefore, the method for preparing metal powder is an environment-friendly powder production method.
The atomized metal which is not easy to oxidize can directly enter a heating smelting link without the step of preparing the atmosphere of S2.
In order to ensure that the atomization process can be smoothly carried out without blocking the furnace, the melt needs to have a certain superheat degree during pouring atomization. The melt casting overheating temperature of the invention is 20-350 ℃, preferably 50-200 ℃.
For the same reason, the tundish 4 needs to be kept at a certain temperature during pouring atomization in order to prevent furnace blockage. The temperature of the tundish 4 during melt pouring of the invention is in the range of-800 to +500 ℃ of the melting point of the alloy, and preferably-500 to +200 ℃ of the melting point of the alloy.
In order to obtain a certain initial velocity of the melt jet, a certain gas pressure is applied to the melt in the tundish during atomization, which is achieved by controlling the gas pressure in the melting chamber 1. The gas pressure in the melting chamber 1 during atomization is 0 to 2MPa, preferably 0.005 to 0.06 MPa. The specific implementation mode is that the gas pressure in the smelting chamber is set through a pressure controller, and when the gas pressure is lower than the set value, the pressure controller opens an air inlet valve to charge the smelting chamber until the gas pressure reaches the set value; when the gas pressure is higher than the set value, the pressure controller opens the exhaust valve to exhaust the smelting chamber until the gas pressure reaches the set value. In this way, the gas pressure in the smelting chamber can be controlled to be kept at the set value.
The pressure of the atomizing gas adopted by the invention is 2-20 MPa, and preferably 3-5 MPa.
In order to disperse the melt into as uniform droplets as possible and to subsequently be able to be sufficiently atomized by the gas, it is necessary that the conical part of the melt disperser is kept at a certain temperature. The temperature of the melt disperser 10 of the present invention is controlled in the range of-200 to +800 ℃ for the melting point of the atomized metal, preferably +50 to +200 ℃.
The invention can be used for preparing metal powder with the melting point below 2000 ℃ and can also be used for preparing nonmetal powder with the melting point below 2000 ℃.
The following is further illustrated by the more specific examples:
Example 1 Production of 316L stainless steel powder for 3D printing
in the equipment adopted in this embodiment, the gas atomizing nozzle 7 is an annular slit nozzle, the included angle α between the injection center line of the gas atomizing nozzle 7 and the center line is 35 °, the diameter d of the outlet of the inner hole of the flow nozzle 6 is 5mm, the distance h between the top end of the melt disperser 10 and the bottom surface of the flow nozzle 6 is 30mm, the top surface of the melt disperser 10 is conical, the included angle β between the conical surface generatrix and the conical surface center line is 45 °, and the part of the melt disperser 10 in contact with the melt, that is, the conical surface part is composed of boron nitride.
The specific production of 316L stainless steel powder comprises the following steps:
s1: charging, namely charging 80KG metal into a smelting bag 2 according to a designed proportion;
s2, preparing an atmosphere, starting a vacuum system 17 to vacuumize the smelting chamber 1 and the atomizing chamber 14, and filling nitrogen when the vacuum reaches 0.1Pa to ensure that the pressure of the smelting chamber 1 and the atomizing chamber 14 is 0.005 MPa;
s3: heating and smelting, wherein a smelting power supply of the smelting ladle 2 is started to heat and smelt the metal, and a tundish power supply is started to heat the tundish 4;
s4: pouring and atomizing, when the smelting is finished, the superheat degree of the melt reaches 150 ℃, and the temperature of the tundish 4 reaches 900 ℃, pouring the melt into the tundish 4, starting the pressure control system 3 to fill nitrogen into the smelting chamber 1, and stabilizing the pressure in the smelting chamber 1 at 0.05 MPa. The melt is injected into a melt disperser 10 in an atomizing chamber 14 under the action of gravity and gas pressure, flows and spreads on the conical surface of the disperser to form a film, the film is dispersed into liquid drops under the action of surface tension, meanwhile, a gas atomizing nozzle 7 is opened, the gas flow injected from the gas atomizing nozzle 7 impacts the metal liquid drops to disperse the metal liquid drops into finer liquid drops, and the liquid drops are cooled and solidified to form metal powder. The pressure of the atomizing gas used in this example was 4.5 MPa; the melt disperser 10 is temperature controlled at 110 ℃ above the melting point of the atomized alloy.
S5: the powder is collected and dedusted, the atomized powder falls into a powder collecting tank 19 along with the gas after being settled by a cyclone deduster 18, the superfine part is filtered by a filter 20, and the clean gas is discharged outdoors.
EXAMPLE 2 production of copper-phosphorus solder powder for brazing
in the apparatus adopted in this embodiment, the gas atomizing nozzle 7 is an annular nozzle, the number of the nozzles is 20, the included angle α between the center line of the nozzle and the center line of the gas atomizing nozzle 7 is 30 °, the diameter d of the outlet of the inner hole of the flow nozzle 6 is 6mm, the distance h between the top end of the melt disperser 10 and the bottom surface of the flow nozzle 6 is 46mm, the top surface of the melt disperser 10 is conical, the included angle β between the generatrix of the conical surface and the center line of the conical surface is 55 °, and the part of the conical surface, which is in contact with the melt, of the melt disperser 10 is made of aluminum oxide.
The specific production of the copper-phosphorus welding powder comprises the following steps:
s1: charging, namely charging 90KG metal into the smelting bag 2 according to the designed proportion;
s2: preparing atmosphere, starting a vacuum system 17 to vacuumize the smelting chamber 1 and the atomizing chamber 14, and filling nitrogen when the vacuum reaches 0.05Pa to ensure that the pressure of the smelting chamber 1 and the atomizing chamber 14 is 0.01 MPa;
s3: heating and smelting, wherein a smelting power supply of the smelting ladle 2 is started to heat and smelt the metal, and a tundish power supply is started to heat the tundish 4;
s4: pouring and atomizing, when the smelting is finished, the superheat degree of the melt reaches 120 ℃, and the temperature of the tundish 4 reaches 820 ℃, pouring the melt into the tundish 4, starting the pressure control system 3 to fill nitrogen into the smelting chamber 1, and stabilizing the pressure in the smelting chamber 1 at 0.03 MPa. The melt is injected into a melt disperser 10 in an atomizing chamber 14 under the action of gravity and gas pressure, flows and spreads on the conical surface of the disperser to form a film, the film is dispersed into liquid drops under the action of surface tension, meanwhile, a gas atomizing nozzle 7 is opened, the gas flow injected from the gas atomizing nozzle 7 impacts the metal liquid drops to disperse the metal liquid drops into finer liquid drops, and the liquid drops are cooled and solidified to form metal powder. In this example, the pressure of the atomizing gas was 3MPa and the temperature of the melt disperser 10 was controlled to be 75 ℃ above the melting point of the atomized alloy.
S5: and collecting and dedusting powder. The atomized powder falls into a powder collecting tank 19 after the gas is settled by a cyclone dust collector 18, the superfine part is filtered by a filter 20, and the clean gas is discharged outdoors.
EXAMPLE 3 production of tin powder
in the equipment adopted in the embodiment, the gas atomizing nozzle 7 is an annular nozzle, the number of the spray holes is 10, the included angle β between the center line of the spray holes and the center line of the gas atomizing nozzle 7 is 45 degrees, the diameter d of the outlet of the inner hole of the flow nozzle 6 is 2mm, the distance h between the top end of the melt disperser 10 and the bottom surface of the flow nozzle 6 is 60mm, the top surface of the melt disperser 10 is a concave curved surface cone, the included angle beta between the tangent line of the cone bottom along the generatrix direction and the center line of the cone surface is 80 degrees, and the part of the cone surface, which is the part of the melt disperser 10 contacted with the.
The method for preparing metal powder by using the device for preparing metal powder comprises the following steps:
s1: charging, namely charging 85KG metal into the smelting bag 2 according to the designed proportion;
s2: heating and smelting, wherein a smelting power supply of the smelting ladle 2 is started to heat and smelt the metal, and a tundish power supply is started to heat the tundish 4;
s3: pouring and atomizing, when the smelting is finished, the superheat degree of the melt reaches 50 ℃, and the temperature of the tundish 4 reaches 200 ℃, pouring the melt into the tundish 4, starting the pressure control system 3 to fill nitrogen into the smelting chamber 1, and stabilizing the pressure in the smelting chamber 1 at 0.02 MPa. The melt is injected into a melt disperser 10 in an atomizing chamber 14 under the action of gravity and gas pressure, flows and spreads on the conical surface of the disperser to form a film, the film is dispersed into liquid drops under the action of surface tension, meanwhile, a gas atomizing nozzle 7 is opened, the gas flow injected from the gas atomizing nozzle 7 impacts the metal liquid drops to disperse the metal liquid drops into finer liquid drops, and the liquid drops are cooled and solidified to form metal powder. In this example, the pressure of the atomizing gas was 2MPa, and the temperature of the melt disperser 10 was controlled to be 50 ℃ higher than the melting point of tin.
S4: the powder is collected and dedusted, the atomized powder falls into a powder collecting tank 19 along with the gas after being settled by a cyclone deduster 18, the superfine part is filtered by a filter 20, and the clean gas is discharged to the outside.
Characterization of powder
The average particle size, oxygen content and sphericity of the powders of examples 1-3 were characterized and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 characterization of the powder characteristics of examples 1-3
| Examples | Powder material | Average particle diameter, μm | Oxygen content, ppm | Sphericity degree% |
| Example 1 | 316L stainless steel powder | 23 | 352 | 96.3 |
| Example 2 | CuP powder | 35 | 389 | 95.9 |
| Example 3 | Sn powder | 18 | 416 | 94.6 |
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The metal powder preparation device is characterized by comprising a control system, a vacuum system, a smelting system, an atomizing chamber, a pressure control system and a dust removal system; the control system controls the operation and running of the whole system; the vacuum system is respectively connected with the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber of the smelting system and is communicated with the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber through a valve control; the smelting chamber is arranged above the atomizing chamber and is connected with the atomizing chamber; the atomizer is arranged in the atomizing chamber and at the bottom of the smelting chamber; the pressure control system is connected with the smelting chamber; the atomization chamber is connected with the dust removal system; the dust removal system comprises a cyclone dust collector, a filter and a fan, wherein the dust collector is provided with a valve for controlling the communication with the atmosphere; the atomizer comprises a gas atomizing nozzle, a flow nozzle and a melt disperser; the gas atomizing nozzle and the flow nozzle are arranged above the melt disperser, the center line of the gas atomizing nozzle is superposed with the center line of the melt disperser and the center line of the flow nozzle, and the flow nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the smelting chamber and extends into the atomizing chamber.
2. The manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein said melting system comprises a melting ladle, a tundish, a melting chamber, and a heating and melting power supply; the melting chamber is connected with the atomizing chamber only through a melt channel, and other parts are in a sealed and isolated state; the pressure control system comprises a pressure sensor, a gas supply control valve, a gas exhaust control valve and a pressure controller.
3. the manufacturing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the gas atomizing nozzle is an annular nozzle, the number of the nozzles is 2 to 50, preferably 12 to 30, and the included angle α between the center line of each nozzle and the center line of the gas atomizing nozzle is 0 to 65 °, preferably 10 to 45 °.
4. the preparation device according to claim 2, wherein the gas atomizing nozzle is a circular seam nozzle, the included angle α between the central line of the nozzle and the central line of the gas atomizing nozzle is 0-65 °, preferably 10-45 °, and the diameter d at the outlet of the inner hole of the flow nozzle is 1-20 mm, preferably 5-8 mm.
5. The manufacturing apparatus of any one of claims 1-4, wherein said melt disperser comprises an outer sheath, a heater, a temperature sensor, and a temperature controller; the distance h between the top end of the melt disperser and the bottom surface of the nozzle is 5-80 mm, and preferably 30-50 mm; the part of the melt disperser contacted with the melt is composed of one or more of boron nitride, aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, diamond, graphite, titanium and titanium alloy, die steel, stainless steel and high-melting-point metal and alloy.
6. the manufacturing apparatus of any of claims 1-4, wherein the top surface of the melt disperser is tapered, and the included angle β between the generatrix of the tapered surface and the centerline of the tapered surface is 20 ° to 85 °, preferably 30 ° to 60 °.
7. the manufacturing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the top surface of the melt disperser has a concave curved cone shape, and the included angle β between the tangent of the cone bottom along the generatrix and the center line of the cone is 20 ° to 90 °, preferably 30 ° to 80 °.
8. A method for preparing metal powder by the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
s1: charging, including charging metal into a smelting bag according to a designed proportion;
s2: heating and smelting, wherein the heating and smelting comprises starting a smelting power supply of a smelting ladle, heating and smelting metal, and simultaneously starting a power supply of a tundish to heat the tundish;
s3: pouring and atomizing, namely pouring the melt into the tundish when the smelting is finished and the temperature of the tundish reaches a set value, starting a pressure control system, controlling the pressure in the smelting chamber to be the set value, injecting the melt onto a melt disperser of the atomizing chamber under the action of gravity and gas pressure, then flowing and spreading the melt on the conical surface of the disperser to form a film, dispersing the film into liquid drops under the action of surface tension, simultaneously opening a gas atomizing nozzle, impacting the metal liquid drops by gas flow emitted by the gas atomizing nozzle, dispersing the metal liquid drops into smaller liquid drops, and cooling and solidifying the liquid drops to form metal powder;
s4: powder is collected and dedusted, the atomized powder enters a cyclone deduster along with gas, the powder falls into a powder collection tank after being settled by the cyclone deduster, the superfine part is filtered by a filter, and clean gas is discharged outdoors;
or, when smelting a metal susceptible to oxidation, after the step of S1, further comprising S1': atmosphere preparation, which comprises starting a vacuum system to vacuumize the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber, and filling protective gas to make the pressure of the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber reach a set value when the vacuum reaches the set value; the protective gas is one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and other gases capable of protecting metals from being oxidized, and preferably nitrogen and argon.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the melt casting superheat temperature is 20 to 350 ℃, preferably 50 to 200 ℃; the preheating temperature of the tundish is within the range of the melting point of the alloy +/-800 ℃, and preferably within the range of the melting point of the alloy +/-200 ℃.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the gas pressure in the melting chamber during atomization is 0 to 2MPa, preferably 0.005 to 0.06 MPa; the pressure of the atomizing gas is 2-20 MPa, preferably 3-5 MPa; the temperature of the melt disperser is controlled between-200 and +800 ℃ of the melting point of the metal, and preferably between +50 and +200 ℃ of the melting point of the metal.
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