CN108062022A - A kind of optimal control method of thermoelectricity cooperative system - Google Patents

A kind of optimal control method of thermoelectricity cooperative system Download PDF

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CN108062022A
CN108062022A CN201610965290.2A CN201610965290A CN108062022A CN 108062022 A CN108062022 A CN 108062022A CN 201610965290 A CN201610965290 A CN 201610965290A CN 108062022 A CN108062022 A CN 108062022A
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thermoelectricity
optimal control
energy
cooperative system
control method
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宋晓健
张俊芳
吕友杰
李赟
仲其邓
康奇
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/04Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
    • G05B13/042Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of optimal control method of thermoelectricity cooperative system, steps:1) complementary characteristic of thermoelectricity different energy sources form is analyzed, studies thermoelectricity cooperative system;2) behavioral characteristics of each link energy stream are analyzed, establish thermoelectricity synergy system model;3) based on power generation characteristics and Load Characteristic Analysis, consider economy, high efficiency and constraint of system operation etc., establish the dynamic control model that thermoelectricity coordinates system;4) the online combination technique of the method for operation is studied, proposes the Optimal Control Strategy of different operational modes and the thermoelectricity cooperative system under influence factor.The complementary characteristic of thermoelectricity different energy sources form is analyzed, considers coupled modes and its complementary characteristic between electric, hot different energy sources system, studies the optimal energy manifold formula of thermoelectricity cooperative system and electricity-heat integration regulatory mechanism.The present invention analyzes the coupled modes and complementary characteristic between electric, hot different energy sources system, establishes the thermoelectricity cooperative system dynamical system of the coupling of multipotency stream, Multiple Time Scales and more management subjects.

Description

A kind of optimal control method of thermoelectricity cooperative system
Technical field
The invention belongs to multiple-energy-source field of comprehensive utilization, and in particular to a kind of control method of heat and power system.
Background technology
In recent years, with being becoming tight global fossil energy day and its largely using causing greenhouse effects and getting worse Environmental disruption, the mankind start introspect self-growth pattern, gradually make reduction energy demand and reduce discharge theory go deep into people The heart, and be converted into the various green action being the theme with energy-saving and emission-reduction and worldwide have developed.In this context, may be used The renewable sources of energy have obtained quick development.But while regenerative resource fast development, the actual consumption problem of generation of electricity by new energy It is relatively prominent, abandon wind, to abandon optical phenomenon serious.Future with the further increasing of regenerative resource exploitation dynamics, dissolves problem It will more protrude.The consumption problem of extensive regenerative resource, which has become, restricts the bottleneck that regenerative resource develops and utilizes, How using energy source horizontal the problem of urgent need to resolve is improved.
In recent years, the cogeneration system containing regenerative resource is due to the advantage in terms of energy-saving and environmental protection and economic dispatch, One of important development direction as utilization of new energy resources.Electric energy is easy to use but is not easy storage and thermal energy is inconvenient for use but be easy to deposit The mutual supplement with each other's advantages characteristic of storage becomes the theoretical foundation of thermoelectricity cooperative system operation.Thermal energy is combined structure thermoelectricity association with electric energy Homologous ray, which has, to be promoted efficiency of energy utilization, the consumption intermittent renewable energy, improves power supply quality and power supply reliability etc. Many advantages.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be directed to distribution to provide multiple forms of energy to complement each other inefficient present in regulation and control and do not consider other energy Such as the problems such as heating power, optimized by the collaboration to polymorphic type distributed energy main body decentralization, realize self-organizing ecology fortune Row realizes the complementary coordination of a variety of distributed energies, stabilizes new energy electric power stochastic volatility, improve the utilization ratio of the energy.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of optimal control method of thermoelectricity cooperative system, including with Lower step:
Step 1: the complementary characteristic of analysis thermoelectricity different energy sources form, studies thermoelectricity cooperative system;
Step 2: analyzing the behavioral characteristics of each link energy stream, thermoelectricity synergy system model is established;
Step 3: based on power generation characteristics and Load Characteristic Analysis, consider economy and constraint of system operation etc., build Vertical thermoelectricity coordinates the dynamic control model of system;
Step 4: the research online combination technique of the method for operation, proposes that different operational modes are assisted with the thermoelectricity under influence factor The Optimal Control Strategy of homologous ray.
Further, in step 1, the complementary characteristic of thermoelectricity different energy sources form is analyzed, including electric system and heat Energy transmission, conversion, the principle of storage and Static and dynamic performance, consider the coupling side between electric, hot different energy sources system in Force system Formula and its complementary characteristic and electric system and the complementarity and interaction mechanism of therrmodynamic system study thermoelectricity cooperative system Optimal energy manifold formula and combined heat and power regulatory mechanism.
Further, in step 2, the behavioral characteristics of each link energy stream are analyzed, consider that the energy supplies in electricity-heat integration system Should, conversion, storage and the features such as the non-linear, uncertain of each link, the time variation such as load, disclose each link energy stream it is more when The changing rule and inherent mechanism of empty scale study each link and the description method of each link interface, establish different time-space rulers The dynamical system model of the lower thermo-electrically cooperative system of degree.
Further, in step 2, the thermoelectricity for including the features such as the coupling of multipotency stream, multiple space and time scales and more management subjects is established The dynamical system model of cooperative system, multi-level simulation tool thermoelectricity cooperative system.
Further, in step 3, predicted with reference to renewable energy power generation power prediction and optimized distributionl, research thermoelectricity association Homologous ray runs coordinating and optimizing control method a few days ago.Go out for the real-time random fluctuation characteristic and renewable power supply of optimized distributionl Power uncertainty and ultra-short term wave characteristic, consider the network constraint of system operation, build to raise wages in thermoelectricity cooperative system Source is decision variable, between individual in system can transmission capacity built as constraints, using overall operation cost minimization as multiple target Vertical thermoelectricity coordinates the dynamic control model of system.
Further, in step 4, the online combination technique of the method for operation is studied, security and stability rapid evaluation is realized, is based on Multi-agent system with distributed AC servo system algorithm, proposes different operational modes and the thermoelectricity cooperative system under influence factor Optimal Control Strategy.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage is:
(1) present invention analyzes the coupled modes and its complementary characteristic between electric, hot different energy sources system, establishes multipotency stream The dynamical system of the thermoelectricity cooperative system of coupling, Multiple Time Scales and more management subjects;
(2) the present invention is based on power generation characteristics and the dynamic analysis of part throttle characteristics, economy, the height of system operation are considered Effect property and constraint etc. establish the dynamic control model that thermoelectricity coordinates system;
(3) the present invention is based on multi-agent system, with distributed AC servo system algorithm, propose different operational modes with influence because The Optimal Control Strategy of thermoelectricity cooperative system under element.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the optimal control method flow chart of the thermoelectricity cooperative system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the energy system frame diagram of the thermoelectricity cooperative system of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A kind of optimal control method of thermoelectricity cooperative system of the present invention, method flow diagram is as shown in Figure 1, including following step Suddenly:
Step 1: the complementary characteristic of analysis thermoelectricity different energy sources form, studies thermoelectricity cooperative system;
Step 2: analyzing the behavioral characteristics of each link energy stream, thermoelectricity synergy system model is established;
Step 3: based on power generation characteristics and Load Characteristic Analysis, consider economy and constraint of system operation etc., build Vertical thermoelectricity coordinates the dynamic control model of system;
Step 4: the research online combination technique of the method for operation, proposes that different operational modes are assisted with the thermoelectricity under influence factor The Optimal Control Strategy of homologous ray.
Further, in step 1, the complementary characteristic of thermoelectricity different energy sources form is analyzed, including electric system and heat Energy transmission, conversion, the principle of storage and Static and dynamic performance, consider the coupling side between electric, hot different energy sources system in Force system Formula and its complementary characteristic and electric system and the complementarity and interaction mechanism of therrmodynamic system study thermoelectricity cooperative system Optimal energy manifold formula and combined heat and power regulatory mechanism.
First, thermoelectricity cooperative system includes electrical energy system and heat energy system two parts, as shown in Figure 2.
Electric energy part:The electric load of user is by Wind turbines, photovoltaic cell, battery energy storage and micro- in thermoelectricity cooperative system Type gas turbine supplies, and the charged state of accumulator can carry out dynamic in real time according to the operating status of thermoelectricity cooperative system and adjust It is whole.Electric energy part can carry out bidirectional power exchange with power distribution network.It can upstream power distribution network when generated energy is more than electric load amount It is counter to send power, can possess certain flexibility from power grid power purchase when generated energy is less than electric load amount.
Thermal energy part:The thermic load of user is supplied by miniature gas turbine in system and gas fired-boiler in thermoelectricity cooperative system It gives.Miniature gas turbine and gas fired-boiler are by the use of primary energy natural gas as its power resources, wherein micro-gas-turbine mechanism The bridge between thermoelectricity cooperative system and hot systems has been built up, by being oriented optimal control to it, can not only realize heat Proportioning is coordinated in electricity supply, the optimization that can also be achieved between thermoelectricity load.
Due to electric energy is easy to use but be not easy storage and thermal energy it is inconvenient for use but be easy to storage mutual supplement with each other's advantages characteristic so that Thermoelectricity cooperative compensating system is intended to two feature development of electricity consumption and heat accumulation.
Further, in step 2, the behavioral characteristics of each link energy stream are analyzed, consider that the energy supplies in electricity-heat integration system Should, conversion, storage and the features such as the non-linear, uncertain of each link, the time variation such as load, disclose each link energy stream it is more when The changing rule and inherent mechanism of empty scale study each link and the description method of each link interface, establish different time-space rulers The dynamical system model of the lower thermo-electrically cooperative system of degree.
Further, in step 2, the thermoelectricity for including the features such as the coupling of multipotency stream, multiple space and time scales and more management subjects is established The dynamical system model of cooperative system, multi-level simulation tool thermoelectricity cooperative system.Multipotency stream coupling characteristics are the heterogeneous energy such as electricity, heat Stream is coupled, and Multiple Time Scales feature is electricity, the governing speed of heat is different and causes temporal stratification, multitube reason Main body feature is decentralization, i.e., distributed.
Further, in step 3, predicted with reference to renewable energy power generation power prediction and optimized distributionl, research thermoelectricity association Homologous ray runs coordinating and optimizing control method a few days ago.Go out for the real-time random fluctuation characteristic and renewable power supply of optimized distributionl Power uncertainty and ultra-short term wave characteristic, consider the network constraint of system operation, build to raise wages in thermoelectricity cooperative system Source is decision variable, between individual in system can transmission capacity established as constraints, by target of overall operation cost minimization Thermoelectricity coordinates the dynamic control model of system.
Wherein, system operation cost includes:
1) from the expense of bulk power grid power purchase;
2) maintenance expense in micro- source such as Wind turbines, photovoltaic cell, fuel cell, waste heat boiler, gas fired-boiler, accumulator With;
3) the natural gas motorcar expense of fuel cell, gas fired-boiler;
4) to the income of bulk power grid sale of electricity.
Due to containing the stochastic variables such as wind-powered electricity generation, photovoltaic power in object function, operating cost is also a random quantity, therefore is adopted It is nonsensical with deterministic expression formula.Using chance constrained programming method, object function is established:
In formula (1):
In formula (2), T is the time interval of unit period;N is period sum;Pex,iIt is exchanged for the i-th period with bulk power grid Electrical power, power purchase is just, sale of electricity is negative;Pfl,iFor the generated output of the i-th period fuel cell;Pgb,iIt is filled for the i-th period accumulator Discharge power discharges just, to be charged as bearing;Pwt,iFor the i-th period Wind turbines power;Ppv,iFor the i-th period photovoltaic cell work( Rate;CphFor from the price of bulk power grid power purchase;CseFor to the price of bulk power grid sale of electricity;CgasFor Gas Prices;Cfl_omFor fuel Battery maintenance expense;Cbl_omWaste heat boiler maintenance cost;Cgb_omFor gas fired-boiler maintenance cost;Cbt_omTake for battery service With;Cbt_omFor Wind turbines maintenance cost;Cpv_omFor photovoltaic cell maintenance cost;ηfl,iFor the efficiency of the i-th period of fuel cell; γfl,iFor the thermoelectricity ratio of the i-th period of fuel cell;ηgbFor the efficiency of gas fired-boiler;ηhr_blIt is imitated for waste heat boiler Waste Heat Recovery Rate.
The operation that constraints includes electric energy, the Constraints of Equilibrium of thermal energy and each micro- source constrains:
1) electric energy balance constrains
Electric energy balance constraint is divided into following two situations according to accumulator charging and discharging:
Pex,i+Pfl,i+Pwt,i+ppv,i+Pbt,iηdis-Pel,i=0 (4)
In formula (3), (4), Pel,iFor the electric load of the i-th period;ηchAnd ηdisIt is respectively accumulator cell charging and discharging efficiency respectively;i =1,2 ..., n, similarly hereinafter.
2) thermal energy balance constrains
Pfl,iγfl,iηhr_bl+Pgb,i-Pth,i=0 (5)
In formula (5), Pth,iFor the thermic load of the i-th period.
3) constrained with bulk power grid Power Exchange
Pex,min≤Pex,i≤Pex,max (6)
In formula (6), Pex,max、Pex,minRespectively with the maximum and minimum value of bulk power grid Power Exchange, i.e., purchased to bulk power grid Electricity and the maximum power of sale of electricity.
4) fuel cell operation constrains
ΔPfl_downT≤Pfl,i-Pfl,i-1≤ΔPfl_upT (7)
Pfl,min≤Pfl,i≤Pfl,max (8)
In formula (7), (8), Δ Pfl_down、ΔPfl_upRespectively fuel cell unit time period internal power maximum subtracts hair amount and most Big additional issue amount;Pfl,min、Pfl,maxThe respectively minimum and maximum generated output of fuel cell.
5) waste heat boiler operation constraint
Pbl,min≤Pfl,iγfl,iηhr_bl≤Pbl,max (9)
In formula (9), Pbl,min、Pbl,maxThe respectively minimum and maximum power of waste heat boiler.
6) gas fired-boiler operation constraint
Pgb,min≤Pgb,i≤Pgb,max (10)
In formula (10), Pgb,min、Pgb,maxThe respectively minimum and maximum power of gas fired-boiler.
7) accumulator operation constraint
Pbt,min≤Pbt,i≤Pbt,max (11)
In formula (11), Pbt,min、Pbt,maxThe respectively minimum of accumulator, maximum charge-discharge electric power;In formula (13), Wbt,min、 Wbt,maxThe respectively minimum of accumulator, maximum energy storage capacity, j=1,2 ..., n.
Further, in step 4, the online combination technique of the method for operation is studied, security and stability rapid evaluation is realized, is based on Multi-agent system with distributed AC servo system algorithm, proposes different operational modes and the thermoelectricity cooperative system under influence factor Optimal Control Strategy.

Claims (6)

  1. A kind of 1. optimal control method of thermoelectricity cooperative system, which is characterized in that specific steps:
    Step 1: the complementary characteristic of analysis thermoelectricity different energy sources form, studies thermoelectricity cooperative system;
    Step 2: analyzing the behavioral characteristics of each link energy stream, thermoelectricity synergy system model is established;
    Step 3: being based on power generation characteristics and Load Characteristic Analysis, the economy, high efficiency and constraint of system operation are considered Deng, establish thermoelectricity coordinate system dynamic control model;
    Step 4: the research online combination technique of the method for operation, proposes that different operational modes cooperate with system with the thermoelectricity under influence factor The Optimal Control Strategy of system.
  2. 2. optimal control method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 1, to thermoelectricity different energy sources form Complementary characteristic is analyzed, special including energy transmission, conversion, the principle of storage and quiet dynamic in electric system and therrmodynamic system Property, consider the coupled modes and its complementary characteristic between electric, hot different energy sources system, study the optimal energy stream of thermoelectricity cooperative system Form and electricity-heat integration regulatory mechanism.
  3. 3. optimal control method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 2, analyze the dynamic of each link energy stream State feature discloses the changing rule and inherent mechanism of each link energy stream multiple space and time scales, studies each link and each link is indirect The description method of mouth establishes the dynamical system model of thermo-electrically cooperative system under different time and space scales.
  4. 4. the optimal control method as described in claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that establish the dynamical system of thermoelectricity cooperative system Model includes the features such as the coupling of multipotency stream, multiple space and time scales and more management subjects, multi-level simulation tool thermoelectricity cooperative system.
  5. 5. optimal control method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3, with reference to renewable energy power generation work( Rate is predicted and optimized distributionl prediction, research thermoelectricity cooperative system run coordinating and optimizing control method a few days ago.For optimized distributionl Real-time random fluctuation characteristic and renewable power supply contribute uncertain and ultra-short term wave characteristic, consider system operation Economy and constraint etc. establish the dynamic control model that thermoelectricity coordinates system.
  6. 6. optimal control method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 4, the research method of operation combines online Technology realizes security and stability rapid evaluation, based on multi-agent system, with distributed AC servo system algorithm, proposes different operations The Optimal Control Strategy of pattern and the thermoelectricity cooperative system under influence factor.
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Application publication date: 20180522