CN107983667B - Lithium ion battery matching method - Google Patents
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
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- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lithium ion battery matching method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring coding information of a plurality of single batteries; carrying out capacity test on a plurality of single batteries; primary screening of different monomers with capacity difference, energy efficiency difference and the like; then carrying out corresponding capacity test on the primary screening single batteries according to the using working condition of the battery pack; comparing the capacity tests of the first two steps to calculate and obtain capacity difference, energy efficiency difference and internal resistance difference at the peak value of the characteristic curve; then, placing a plurality of single batteries and measuring the open-circuit voltage difference; grading according to classification standards through the obtained capacity difference, energy efficiency difference, internal resistance difference and open circuit voltage difference at the peak value of the characteristic curve; performing grouping application according to the batteries screened in the grading mode; the method can screen the batteries according to similar performances and performance change trends, thereby reducing the possibility of inconsistent attenuation of the batteries to the greatest extent and further ensuring the stable performance of the battery pack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery parameter determination, in particular to a lithium ion battery matching method.
Background
The battery is a device that converts chemical energy stored in an active material into electric energy through an electrochemical redox reaction, and can supply power to notebooks, mobile communication tools, electric vehicles, and the like. The battery pack is typically connected in series with a plurality of lithium ion batteries to achieve a desired operating voltage. However, differences of internal characteristic parameters, charging capacity, self-discharge rate and the like inevitably exist among the single batteries in the battery pack, and in the use process, the performance difference among the single batteries is increased, so that the performance of the whole battery pack is affected, and even the problems that the battery performance and the use safety are affected by overcharge, overdischarge, over-temperature and the like of the single batteries in series connection are caused, and the situation can cause the rapid deterioration of the battery performance, and finally the whole battery pack cannot work normally or even is scrapped. Therefore, the battery grouping method is an important research aspect of battery grouping application and subsequent maintenance.
The matching method adopted by the lithium ion battery at present comprises a method for screening parameters of the lithium ion battery, such as Chinese patent application publication with publication number of 2015-03-25 and publication number of CN104438138A, named as a lithium ion battery screening method, and the method comprises the following steps: discharging the lithium ion battery to the inflection point voltage of a discharge curve of the lithium ion battery by a constant current I1; standing for a certain time T1, and increasing the open-circuit voltage of the lithium ion battery back to U1, wherein U1 is greater than the inflection point voltage of the discharge curve of the lithium ion battery; discharging the lithium ion battery at a constant current I2 until the inflection point voltage of a discharge curve of the lithium ion battery, wherein I2< < I1; and (5) rejecting the lithium ion battery with the self-discharge voltage difference larger than 0.1V after the lithium ion battery is placed for a certain time T2. The technical scheme of the patent document mainly utilizes the inflection point voltage to carry out screening, but as the screening parameter, comparatively one side, screening accuracy is still limited moreover to can not more accord with the service condition when using in groups at last, cause the life-span shorter, reliability and security have certain defect.
In the above-mentioned similar lithium ion battery grouping method, screening and grouping are generally performed according to the open circuit voltage OCV, the alternating current internal resistance, the direct current internal resistance IR, the Capacity, the self-discharge and the like when the battery is shipped. This solution presents certain problems: firstly, the screening protocol requires a long time especially for self-discharge screening; the internal resistance is closely related to the actual state of charge of the battery, but the current test time is based on the SOC compared with the rated capacity, so that certain errors are caused; finally, the method does not take the actual use situation and working conditions into account in a targeted manner.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing group matching method, and provides a lithium ion battery group matching method which can improve the group consistency of batteries, prolong the service life of the batteries and improve the reliability and safety of the batteries.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific technical solution is as follows:
a lithium ion battery matching method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, fixing a plurality of single batteries on battery testing equipment, and acquiring coding information of each single battery by using information code scanning equipment;
step 2, carrying out capacity test on a plurality of single batteries to obtain a first capacity, a first characteristic curve and a first energy efficiency of each single battery, and measuring a first internal resistance at the peak value of the obtained first characteristic curve;
step 3, comparing the first capacity, the first energy efficiency and the first characteristic curve among the different single batteries obtained in the step 2 with the first internal resistance at the peak of the characteristic curve to obtain the capacity difference, the energy efficiency difference, the peak position difference and the internal resistance difference at the peak of the characteristic curve among the different single batteries;
step 5, carrying out capacity test on the single batteries screened in the step 4 according to the using working conditions of the battery pack to obtain a second capacity, a second characteristic curve and a second energy efficiency of the corresponding single batteries, and measuring a second internal resistance at the peak value of the obtained second characteristic curve;
step 6, subtracting the capacity I, the internal resistance I and the energy efficiency I of the same single battery obtained in the step 5 from the capacity II, the internal resistance II and the energy efficiency II of the same single battery obtained in the step 2 respectively, and then calculating to obtain the capacity difference, the internal resistance difference and the energy efficiency difference of different single batteries;
step 7, adjusting each single battery to a specified SOC, standing for a certain time T1, recording a first open-circuit voltage, standing for a certain time T2, recording a second open-circuit voltage, and obtaining an open-circuit voltage difference according to the first open-circuit voltage and the second open-circuit voltage;
and 9, selecting the single batteries screened in the step 8 from the same gear according to requirements to perform grouping application.
The capacity tests in step 2 and step 5 are all carried out within the range of multiplying power, the range of working temperature and the range of voltage required by a battery manufacturer.
The first capacity and the second capacity in the step 2 and the step 5 both refer to discharge capacities actually obtained in a capacity test.
The first characteristic curve and the second characteristic curve in the steps 2 and 5 are obtained by differentiating a certain coordinate of a voltage-capacity curve or a voltage-temperature curve obtained by a capacity test, and the characteristic curves at least comprise a differential processing value and a curve of two coordinates of SOC; SOC is the state of charge relative to the actual capacity.
The first energy efficiency and the second energy efficiency in the step 2 and the step 5 both refer to the ratio of the discharge energy to the charge energy in the capacity test.
The internal resistance I and the internal resistance II in the step 2 and the step 5 are values measured at the peak value of the charging and discharging characteristic curve of each single battery according to an internal resistance test method of standard IEC61960, and comprise alternating current internal resistance and direct current internal resistance, and more preferably direct current internal resistance.
The characteristic curve peak position difference in step 3 is a difference of abscissas corresponding to the characteristic curve peak.
The capacity difference, the energy efficiency difference, the characteristic curve peak position difference and the internal resistance difference at the characteristic curve peak in the steps 3 and 6 are obtained by comparing with the median of the parameters such as the capacity, the energy efficiency, the characteristic curve peak position and the internal resistance at the characteristic curve peak.
The using conditions of the battery pack in the step 5 comprise charging current, discharging current and using environment temperature.
The specified SOC stated in step 7 is an SOC value lower than the SOC value corresponding to the peak of the characteristic curve, and is generally less than 50%. .
The certain time T1 in the step 7 is more than or equal to 0.5h and less than or equal to T1 and less than or equal to 2h, and the certain time T2 is more than or equal to 2d and less than or equal to T2 and less than or equal to 7 d.
In the step 4 and the step 8, the capacity difference standard is not more than 1%, the energy efficiency difference standard is not more than 1%, the peak position difference standard of the characteristic curve is not more than 5%, the internal resistance value difference standard is not more than 10%, and the open circuit voltage difference standard is not more than 10%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the batteries screened by the method have good consistency and can ensure good long-term circulation performance; the invention has good popularization and can be applied to lithium ion batteries of various types, systems and specifications.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a grouping flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the discharge characteristics of the cells of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the variation of DC internal resistance of the cell of the present invention with SOC.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the capacity retention rate with cycle number (cycle) of two batteries in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a lithium ion battery grouping method includes the following steps:
step 1, fixing a plurality of single batteries on battery testing equipment, and acquiring coding information of each single battery by using information code scanning equipment;
step 2, carrying out capacity test on a plurality of single batteries to obtain a first capacity, a first characteristic curve and a first energy efficiency of each single battery, and measuring a first internal resistance at the peak value of the obtained first characteristic curve;
step 3, comparing the first capacity, the first energy efficiency and the first characteristic curve among the different single batteries obtained in the step 2 with the first internal resistance at the peak of the characteristic curve to obtain the capacity difference, the energy efficiency difference, the peak position difference and the internal resistance difference at the peak of the characteristic curve among the different single batteries;
step 5, carrying out capacity test on the single batteries screened in the step 4 according to the using working conditions of the battery pack to obtain a second capacity, a second characteristic curve and a second energy efficiency of the corresponding single batteries, and measuring a second internal resistance at the peak value of the obtained second characteristic curve;
step 6, subtracting the capacity I, the internal resistance I and the energy efficiency I of the same single battery obtained in the steps 2 and 5 from the capacity II, the internal resistance II and the energy efficiency II respectively, and calculating to obtain capacity difference, internal resistance difference and energy efficiency difference of different single batteries;
step 7, adjusting each single battery to a specified SOC, standing for a certain time T1, recording a first open-circuit voltage, standing for a certain time T2, recording a second open-circuit voltage, and obtaining an open-circuit voltage difference according to the first open-circuit voltage and the second open-circuit voltage;
and 9, selecting the single batteries screened in the step 8 from the same gear according to requirements to perform grouping application.
The capacity tests in step 2 and step 5 are all carried out within the range of multiplying power, the range of working temperature and the range of voltage required by a battery manufacturer.
The first capacity and the second capacity in the step 2 and the step 5 both refer to discharge capacities actually obtained in a capacity test.
The first characteristic curve and the second characteristic curve in the step 2 and the step 5 both refer to a conventional simple mathematical processing means for a voltage-capacity curve or a voltage-temperature curve obtained by a capacity test, and more preferably refer to a curve obtained by differentiating a certain coordinate of the curve, wherein the characteristic curve at least comprises a differentiation processing value and two coordinates of SOC; SOC is the state of charge relative to the actual capacity.
The characteristic curve peak position difference in step 3 is a difference of abscissas corresponding to the characteristic curve peak.
The first energy efficiency and the second energy efficiency in the step 2 and the step 5 both refer to the ratio of the discharge energy to the charge energy in the capacity test.
The internal resistance I and the internal resistance II in the step 2 and the step 5 are values measured at the peak value of the charging and discharging characteristic curve of each single battery according to an internal resistance test method of standard IEC61960, and comprise alternating current internal resistance and direct current internal resistance, and more preferably direct current internal resistance.
The using conditions of the battery pack in the step 5 comprise charging current, discharging current and using environment temperature.
The specified SOC stated in step 7 is an SOC value lower than the SOC value corresponding to the peak of the characteristic curve, and is generally less than 50%. .
The certain time T1 in the step 7 is more than or equal to 0.5h and less than or equal to T1 and less than or equal to 2h, and the certain time T2 is more than or equal to 2d and less than or equal to T2 and less than or equal to 7 d.
In the step 4 and the step 8, the capacity difference standard is not more than 1%, the energy efficiency difference standard is not more than 1%, the peak position difference standard of the characteristic curve is not more than 5%, the internal resistance value difference standard is not more than 10%, and the open circuit voltage difference standard is not more than 10%.
Take a 10Ah single battery as an example.
Example 1:
testing the initial state of battery production: fixing the 10Ah monomers produced in batches on battery testing equipment, firstly obtaining coding information of the 10Ah monomers by using information code scanning equipment, setting the constant current of 3.3A to discharge to 2.5V, and standing for 1 h; charging to 3.7V at constant current of 3.3A, maintaining at constant voltage of 3.7V until the current is reduced to 0.33A, standing for 1h, and discharging to 2.5V at constant current of 3.3A. The discharge capacity was recorded as C1. And then charging the battery to 3.7V at a constant current of 3.3A, keeping the voltage at 3.7V until the current is reduced to 0.33A, standing for 1h, and testing the alternating current internal resistance of the battery by using an internal resistance tester, wherein the record is R1.
And (3) primarily screening according to the capacity difference standard of not more than 1% and the internal resistance value difference standard of not more than 10%, performing 1-time charge-discharge cycle on the primarily screened battery according to the use environment, performing 10A constant current charge of 3.7V, discharging to 2.5V, and recording the capacity C2.
The charged cell was left open at (20. + -.5) ℃ for 28 days according to QC743, and the self-discharge rate of 1 was obtained.
And grading the C1-C2 of each monomer screened out initially according to the capacity difference standard of not more than 1%, grading according to the self-discharge rate difference standard of not more than 3%, and selecting the monomer with the same grade to form Battery 1.
Example 2:
testing the initial state of battery production: fixing the 10Ah monomers produced in batches on battery testing equipment, firstly obtaining coding information of the 10Ah monomers by using information code scanning equipment, setting the constant current of 3.3A to discharge to 2.5V, and standing for 1 h; charging to 3.7V at constant current of 3.3A, maintaining at constant voltage of 3.7V until the current is reduced to 0.33A, standing for 1h, and discharging to 2.5V at constant current of 3.3A. Recording the discharge capacity as C1, calculating to obtain energy efficiency 1, processing the discharge curve to obtain a characteristic curve 1, taking out the SOC1 corresponding to the peak value of the characteristic curve, adjusting the charge state of the battery to SOC1, and testing the direct current internal resistance R1 according to the IEC61960 standard requirement.
And (4) carrying out primary screening according to the requirements that the capacity difference standard is not more than 1%, the energy efficiency difference standard is not more than 1%, the peak value position difference standard of the characteristic curve is not more than 5%, and the internal resistance value difference standard is not more than 10%.
And carrying out 1 charge-discharge cycle on the primarily screened battery according to the use environment, carrying out constant current charging at 10A for 3.7V, discharging to 2.5V, and recording the capacity C2 of the battery.
Performing primary screening according to the capacity difference standard of not more than 1% and the internal resistance value difference standard of not more than 10%, performing 1-time charge-discharge circulation on the primarily screened battery according to the use environment, performing 10A constant current charge of 3.7V, discharging to 2.5V,
the capacity C2 was recorded separately. And then calculating to obtain energy efficiency 2, processing the discharge curve to obtain a characteristic curve 2, taking out the SOC2 corresponding to the peak value of the characteristic curve, adjusting the state of charge of the battery to SOC2, and testing the direct current internal resistance R2 according to the IEC61960 standard requirement.
Adjusting each single battery to 20% SOC at a constant current of 3.3A, standing for 1h, recording a first open-circuit voltage, standing for 3d, recording a second open-circuit voltage, and obtaining an open-circuit voltage difference according to the first open-circuit voltage and the second open-circuit voltage;
and sequentially grading according to the capacity difference standard of not more than 1%, the energy efficiency difference standard of not more than 1%, the peak position difference standard of not more than 5%, the internal resistance value difference standard of not more than 10% and the open circuit voltage difference standard of not more than 10%, and selecting the same-grade monomer to form Batttery 2.
The Battery1 and the Battery2 respectively formed in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 have the same capacity (rated capacity 100 Ah), the same voltage class (rated voltage 33V), and the same number of unit batteries (100). The Battery1 and the Battery2 are subjected to charge and discharge tests on Battery test equipment according to the use working conditions, 100A constant current charge and discharge is carried out, the charge and discharge depth is 80% DOD, and the change curve of the capacity retention rate (capacity retention) of the two batteries along with the cycle number (cycle) is shown in figure 4.
It can be seen that the batteries grouped using example 2 of the present invention performed better for long term cycling.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A lithium ion battery matching method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, fixing a plurality of single batteries on battery testing equipment, and acquiring coding information of each single battery by using information code scanning equipment;
step 2, carrying out capacity test on a plurality of single batteries to obtain a first capacity, a first characteristic curve and a first energy efficiency of each single battery, and measuring a first internal resistance at the peak value of the obtained first characteristic curve;
step 3, comparing the first capacity, the first energy efficiency and the first characteristic curve among the different single batteries obtained in the step 2 with the first internal resistance at the peak of the characteristic curve to obtain the capacity difference, the energy efficiency difference, the peak position difference and the internal resistance difference at the peak of the characteristic curve among the different single batteries;
step 4, according to the capacity difference obtained in the step 3, grading each single battery according to the capacity difference standard; grading according to the standard of energy efficiency difference; then, grading according to the standard of the peak position difference of the characteristic curve; finally, grading according to the internal resistance difference standard;
step 5, carrying out capacity test on the single batteries screened in the step 4 according to the using working conditions of the battery pack to obtain a second capacity, a second characteristic curve and a second energy efficiency of the corresponding single batteries, and measuring a second internal resistance at the peak value of the obtained second characteristic curve;
step 6, subtracting the capacity I, the internal resistance I and the energy efficiency I of the same single battery obtained in the step 5 from the capacity II, the internal resistance II and the energy efficiency II of the same single battery obtained in the step 2 respectively, and then calculating to obtain the capacity difference, the internal resistance difference and the energy efficiency difference of different single batteries;
step 7, adjusting each single battery to a specified SOC, standing for a certain time T1, recording a first open-circuit voltage, standing for a certain time T2, recording a second open-circuit voltage, and obtaining an open-circuit voltage difference according to the first open-circuit voltage and the second open-circuit voltage;
step 8, grading each single battery according to the capacity difference obtained in the step 6 and the capacity difference standard; grading according to the standard of energy efficiency difference; then, grading according to the internal resistance difference standard; finally, according to the open circuit voltage difference obtained in the step 7, grading according to the open circuit voltage difference standard;
step 9, selecting the single batteries screened in the step 8 from the same gear according to requirements to carry out grouping application;
in step 2 and step 5: the characteristic curve I and the characteristic curve II are respectively used for carrying out differential processing on a certain coordinate of a voltage-capacity curve or a voltage-temperature curve obtained by capacity testing, and the characteristic curves at least comprise differential processing values and curves of two coordinates of SOC; SOC is state of charge relative to actual capacity; the first energy efficiency and the second energy efficiency are both the ratio of the discharge energy to the charge energy in the capacity test; the first internal resistance and the second internal resistance are values obtained by measuring at the peak of a characteristic curve obtained by charging and discharging of each single battery according to an internal resistance test method of standard IEC61960, and comprise alternating current internal resistance and direct current internal resistance.
2. The lithium ion battery grouping method of claim 1, wherein: the capacity tests in step 2 and step 5 are all carried out within the range of multiplying power, the range of working temperature and the range of voltage required by a battery manufacturer.
3. The lithium ion battery grouping method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the first capacity and the second capacity in the step 2 and the step 5 both refer to discharge capacities actually obtained in a capacity test.
4. The lithium ion battery grouping method of claim 1, wherein: the characteristic curve peak position difference in step 3 is a difference of abscissas corresponding to the characteristic curve peak.
5. The lithium ion battery grouping method of claim 1, wherein: the capacity difference, the energy efficiency difference, the characteristic curve peak position difference and the internal resistance difference at the characteristic curve peak in the steps 3 and 6 are obtained by comparing with the median of the parameters such as the capacity, the energy efficiency, the characteristic curve peak position and the internal resistance at the characteristic curve peak.
6. The lithium ion battery grouping method of claim 1, wherein: the using conditions of the battery pack in the step 5 comprise charging current, discharging current and using environment temperature.
7. The lithium ion battery grouping method of claim 1, wherein: the specified SOC in step 7 is an SOC value lower than the SOC value corresponding to the peak of the characteristic curve and less than 50%.
8. The lithium ion battery grouping method of claim 1, wherein: the certain time T1 in the step 7 is more than or equal to 0.5h and less than or equal to T1 and less than or equal to 2h, and the certain time T2 is more than or equal to 2d and less than or equal to T2 and less than or equal to 7 d.
9. The lithium ion battery grouping method of claim 1, wherein: in the step 4 and the step 8, the capacity difference standard is not more than 1%, the energy efficiency difference standard is not more than 1%, the peak position difference standard of the characteristic curve is not more than 5%, the internal resistance value difference standard is not more than 10%, and the open circuit voltage difference standard is not more than 10%.
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CN103302040A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-09-18 | 高平唐一新能源科技有限公司 | Screening method for lithium-ion battery consistency |
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