CN107819993B - Device and method for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting photoelectric detector array - Google Patents
Device and method for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting photoelectric detector array Download PDFInfo
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- CN107819993B CN107819993B CN201711267102.XA CN201711267102A CN107819993B CN 107819993 B CN107819993 B CN 107819993B CN 201711267102 A CN201711267102 A CN 201711267102A CN 107819993 B CN107819993 B CN 107819993B
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B37/00—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe
- G03B37/02—Panoramic or wide-screen photography; Photographing extended surfaces, e.g. for surveying; Photographing internal surfaces, e.g. of pipe with scanning movement of lens or cameras
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting a photoelectric detector array, comprising the photoelectric detector array, an imaging lens and a reflecting mirror which are sequentially arranged, wherein the photoelectric detector array and the reflecting mirror are arranged on an optical axis of the imaging lens, the reflecting mirror and the optical axis are arranged at an inclined included angle, and an external scene is imaged on a photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector array after passing through the reflecting mirror and the imaging lens; the photoelectric detector array is fixed on a first rotating shaft which is arranged on the same axis with the optical axis and rotates around the first rotating shaft, the reflecting mirror is arranged on a second rotating shaft which is arranged on the same axis with the optical axis and rotates around the second rotating shaft, and the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft synchronously rotate. Because the rotation is that the detector and the reflecting mirror are light components, and the imaging lens with heavier mass does not participate in the movement, the rapid step scanning can be realized, the higher system stability is maintained, and the engineering realization is reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of video monitoring application, and relates to a device and a method for realizing large-range panoramic scanning imaging by using an area array photoelectric detector.
Background
In the field of video monitoring and alarming application, image monitoring is required to be implemented in a large region or large airspace range, and the application has high requirements on technical indexes such as monitoring range, resolving power, sensitivity, alarm response time and the like of a monitoring sensor. On the premise of ensuring the resolution and the sensitivity of the sensor (ensuring the detection distance to a specified target, especially the detection of a small target by a distance of thousands of meters), the realization of large-range scene image acquisition by a scanning method is a main way for expanding the monitoring range.
For area array imaging detectors, such as CCD, CMOS, infrared focal plane, etc., the basic condition for obtaining a good image is to keep the gaze (stationary) of the scene imaging during the exposure (detector light integration, integration time is typically between tens of microseconds and tens of milliseconds), otherwise the image blur may be caused, seriously affecting the detection capability.
Currently, methods for achieving short gaze during scanning are inverse scan compensation and optical multichannel. The inverse scan compensation method sets a scanning mirror with very small inertia in the sensor (camera) optical system, and the mirror can move in the direction opposite to the scanning direction of the camera in the integration time of the detector to compensate the scanning movement, so that the detector obtains a staring scene; during the blanking period of the detector, the reflector is reset, and the preparation for reverse compensation is carried out for the next image exposure. The method has the characteristics of high compensation speed, high requirement on scanning synchronization precision and high technical difficulty. The optical multichannel method adopts a plurality of optical channels with different directions, and images of scenes in different directions on the detector are completed sequentially through light path switching. Is characterized by large volume and is not suitable for long-focal-length long-distance detection system application.
In addition, the traditional camera is driven by a stepping motor to stop and step by step to perform step scanning, in principle, large-range scanning imaging can be completed, but the scanning speed is slow due to the large sensor mass, and particularly when the focal length of an optical system of the camera is increased (the mass of an optical lens is increased) to a certain extent, continuous step impact can cause the power consumption of the system to be increased suddenly, the reliability to be suddenly reduced, and the feasibility of engineering application is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting a photoelectric detector array, and under the condition that an imaging lens is not moved, the imaging of a panoramic view is realized by adopting the photoelectric detector array and a reflecting mirror which synchronously rotate, and due to the fact that a rotating light-weight part is adopted, higher step scanning speed can be realized and high stability can be kept.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
An apparatus for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting a photoelectric detector array, which is characterized in that: the imaging device comprises a photoelectric detector array, an imaging lens and a reflecting mirror which are sequentially arranged, wherein the photoelectric detector array and the reflecting mirror are arranged on an optical axis of the imaging lens, the reflecting mirror and the optical axis form an inclined included angle, and an external scene is imaged on a photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector array after passing through the reflecting mirror and the imaging lens;
the photoelectric detector array is fixed on a first rotating shaft which is arranged coaxially with the optical axis and rotates around the first rotating shaft, the reflecting mirror is arranged on a second rotating shaft which is coaxial with the optical axis and rotates around the second rotating shaft, and the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft synchronously rotate.
Further, the two sides of the reflecting mirror are fixed on the frame-shaped reflecting mirror frame, and the reflecting mirror frame is fixed on the second rotating shaft and rotates around the second rotating shaft.
Further, an angle swinging mechanism is arranged on the reflector frame and drives the reflector to swing, so that the change of the inclined included angle between the reflector and the optical axis is realized.
Further, the angle swinging mechanism comprises a swinging motor and a bearing, two swinging rotating shafts are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the reflecting mirror, one swinging rotating shaft is fixed on the reflecting mirror frame through the bearing, the other swinging rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the swinging motor, and the swinging motor is fixed on the reflecting mirror frame.
Further, the inclined included angle is 30-60 degrees.
Further, a collecting ring is arranged between the photoelectric detector array and the first rotating shaft, so that power supply and signal output of the detector are realized.
Further, the first rotating shaft and the second rotating shaft are driven by a stepping motor to realize synchronous rotation respectively, and the swinging motor is a stepping motor.
A method for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting a photoelectric detector array, wherein an imaging lens and a reflecting mirror are sequentially arranged in front of the photoelectric detector array, the reflecting mirror and the photoelectric detector array are arranged on an optical axis of the imaging lens, the reflecting mirror and the optical axis form an inclined included angle, and an external scene is imaged on a photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector array after passing through the reflecting mirror and the imaging lens; the method for scanning and imaging in a large range comprises the following steps:
The photoelectric detector array and the reflecting mirror synchronously rotate around the optical axis by an angle unit according to a set angle;
The photodetector array collects and records the image signals of the position;
Repeating the steps [ 8.3 ] to [ 8.1 ] and rotating the photoelectric detector array and the reflecting mirror around the optical axis according to a set stepping rate to realize large-range field imaging.
A method for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting a photoelectric detector array is characterized in that an imaging lens and a reflecting mirror are sequentially arranged in front of the photoelectric detector array, the reflecting mirror and the photoelectric detector array are arranged on an optical axis of the imaging lens, the reflecting mirror and the optical axis form an inclined included angle, and an external scene is imaged on a photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector array after passing through the reflecting mirror and the imaging lens; the method for scanning and imaging in a large range comprises the following steps:
the photoelectric detector array and the reflecting mirror synchronously rotate around the optical axis by an angle unit according to a set rotation angle;
the reflector swings around the swing rotating shaft by an angle unit from the swing starting point according to the set swing angle;
The photodetector array collects and records the image signals of the position;
repeating steps [ 9.4 ] to [ 9.2 ] until the mirror reaches the swing end position;
repeating the steps [ 9.5 ] to [ 9.1 ] and rotating the photoelectric detector array and the reflecting mirror around the optical axis according to a set stepping rate to realize large-range field imaging.
A method for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting a photoelectric detector array is characterized in that an imaging lens and a reflecting mirror are sequentially arranged in front of the photoelectric detector array, the reflecting mirror and the photoelectric detector array are arranged on an optical axis of the imaging lens, the reflecting mirror and the optical axis form an inclined included angle, and an external scene is imaged on a photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector array after passing through the reflecting mirror and the imaging lens; the method for scanning and imaging in a large range comprises the following steps:
the reflector swings around the swing rotating shaft by an angle unit from the swing starting point according to the set swing angle;
The photoelectric detector array and the reflecting mirror synchronously rotate around the optical axis by an angle unit according to a set stepping rate;
the photodetector array collects and records the image signals of the position;
Repeating steps [ 10.4 ] to [ 10.2 ] until a rotation about the optical axis is completed;
Repeating the steps (10.5, 10.1) to (10.4), and swinging the reflecting mirror to a swinging end position according to a set swinging speed to realize wide-range view field imaging.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. The invention adopts the reflector to reflect the external scene into the imaging lens and couples the imaging lens into the photoelectric detector array, adopts the reflector and the photoelectric detector array to synchronously rotate around the optical axis of the imaging lens, realizes the imaging within the range of 360 degrees around the optical axis, and can realize rapid step scanning, maintain higher system stability and realize reliable engineering realization because the rotating detector and the reflector are light components and the imaging lens with heavier mass does not participate in the movement.
2. The reflector is arranged on the swinging rotating shaft, so that the inclination included angle between the reflector and the optical axis of the imaging lens can be changed, the pitching direction scanning is realized, the surrounding scanning along the direction of 360 degrees of the vertical rotating shaft is combined, the imaging of the whole external scene on the photoelectric detector is realized, in the implementation, the pitching and surrounding scanning are performed at an angle or direction, the integral time of the exposure setting of the photoelectric detector is ensured, and the image definition is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the scanning imaging device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the mirror assembly with the addition of pitch azimuth scanning.
The reference numerals are: 1-a first rotating shaft; 2-a second rotating shaft; 3-a photodetector array; 4-an imaging lens; 5-a mirror; 6-a mirror holder; 7-a swing motor; 8-external scene; 9-a bearing; 10-swinging a rotating shaft; 11-optical axis.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the device for scanning and imaging in a large range of the present invention includes a photodetector array 3, an imaging lens 4 and a reflecting mirror 5 which are sequentially arranged in space, wherein the photodetector array 3 and the reflecting mirror 5 are both arranged on the optical axis of the imaging lens 4, and the reflecting mirror 5 is arranged at an inclined angle with the optical axis 11 of the imaging lens 4, that is, the vertical line in the center of the reflecting mirror 5 maintains a certain angle with the optical axis of the imaging lens 4, the angle ranges from 30 ° to 60 °, preferably 45 °, and the external scene 8 is imaged on the photosensitive surface of the photodetector array 3 after passing through the reflecting mirror 5 and the imaging lens 4.
In order to realize large-scale imaging around the direction of the optical axis 11, the photoelectric detector array 3 is fixed on a first rotating shaft 1 which is arranged coaxially with the optical axis 11, the reflecting mirror 5 is arranged on a second rotating shaft 2 which is arranged coaxially with the optical axis, and the first rotating shaft 1 and the second rotating shaft 2 synchronously rotate to ensure that imaging is carried out on a proper position of a detector photosensor. In order to meet the staring requirement, after synchronous stepping to a set position, the photoelectric detector exposes the set integration time to realize clear imaging. The structure that can be adopted is that both sides of the reflecting mirror 5 are fixed on a frame-shaped reflecting mirror holder 6, and the reflecting mirror holder 6 is fixed on the second rotating shaft 2 and rotates around the second rotating shaft 2.
Fig. 1 shows a specific embodiment of a periscope structure, in which the optical axis is vertical, and the light of an external scene 8 is reflected downwards by a reflector 5 and imaged on the photosensitive surface of a photodetector array 3 by an imaging lens 4, so that a wide-range imaging around the optical axis direction can be realized. In practical application, the reflecting mirror 5 and the photoelectric detector array 3 synchronously rotate under the drive of the stepping motor, and the scanning in a certain sector area is completed and then reversed. If the panoramic view or the continuous scanning exceeding 360 degrees is required to be completed, a collecting ring is required to be arranged between the photoelectric detector array 3 and the first rotating shaft 1, so that the power supply and the signal output of the detector are realized. The photodetector array 3 may be an area array detector or a line array scanning detector, so long as imaging in the field of view is satisfied. Since the heavier imaging lens 4 is kept stationary, only the light-weighted mirror 5 and the photodetector array 3 are rotated, so that under the condition of compact structure, rapid stepping can be realized, and the stability of the system is maintained.
Fig. 2 shows a further modified embodiment, in which an angular swinging mechanism is provided on the mirror holder 6 to drive the mirror 5 to swing, so as to realize a change in the tilt angle between the mirror 5 and the optical axis 11. The angular swinging mechanism can take a variety of configurations, only one of which is shown in the present embodiment. The angle swinging mechanism comprises a swinging motor 7 and a bearing 9, two side edges of the reflecting mirror 5 are correspondingly provided with two coaxial swinging rotating shafts 10, one swinging rotating shaft 10 is fixed on the reflecting mirror frame 6 through the bearing, the other swinging rotating shaft 10 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the swinging motor 7, and the swinging motor 7 is fixed on the reflecting mirror frame 6. The angle swinging mechanism can adopt other modes of driving other mechanisms by a motor, so long as the pitching angle adjustment of the reflecting mirror 5 can be realized, and a swinging mechanism with light weight and small moment of inertia is selected in the implementation.
The steps for realizing scanning imaging by the device are as follows.
Mode one, scan mode without pitch adjustment:
The method for scanning and imaging in a large range comprises the following steps:
【1】 The photoelectric detector array (3) and the reflecting mirror (5) synchronously rotate around the optical axis (11) by an angle unit according to a set angle;
【2】 The photoelectric detector array collects and records the image signal of the position;
【3】 Repeating the steps (1) to (2), and rotating the photoelectric detector array (3) and the reflecting mirror (5) around the optical axis (11) according to a set stepping rate to realize large-range field imaging.
Mode two, the scan mode of first rotating and then pitching:
The method for scanning and imaging in a large range comprises the following steps:
【1】 The photoelectric detector array (3) and the reflecting mirror (5) synchronously rotate around the optical axis (11) by an angle unit according to a set rotation angle;
【2】 The reflector (5) swings around the swing rotating shaft by an angle unit from the swing starting point according to the set swing angle;
【3】 The photoelectric detector array collects and records the image signal of the position;
【4】 Repeating the steps (2) to (3) until the reflecting mirror (5) reaches the swing end position;
【5】 Repeating the steps (1) to (4), and rotating the photoelectric detector array (3) and the reflecting mirror (5) around the optical axis (11) according to a set stepping rate to realize large-range field imaging.
The second step is to first rotate the detector and the mirror 5 around the optical axis 11 by an angle unit, such as1 °, keeping the angle unchanged, then start swinging the pitching mechanism, change the inclination angle between the mirror 5 and the optical axis 11 by an angle unit, such as 0.1 °, collect the image signal recorded at this position by the photodetector array, and rotate the detector and the mirror 5 around the optical axis 11 by the next angle after completing the swinging from the start point to the end point of the swinging, and repeat the above steps until completing the scanning of 360 ° or the fan angle.
Mode three, a pitching and then rotating scanning mode:
The method for scanning and imaging in a large range comprises the following steps:
【1】 The reflector (5) swings around the swing rotating shaft by an angle unit from the swing starting point according to the set swing angle;
【2】 The photoelectric detector array (3) and the reflecting mirror (5) synchronously rotate around the optical axis (11) by an angle unit according to a set stepping rate;
【3】 The photoelectric detector array collects and records the image signal of the position;
【4】 Repeating steps [2] to [ 3 ] until a rotation about the optical axis (11) is completed;
【5】 Repeating the steps (1) to (4), and swinging the reflecting mirror (5) to a swinging end position according to the set swinging speed to realize wide-range visual field imaging.
The third step is that the pitching mechanism begins to swing, the inclination angle between the reflecting mirror 5 and the optical axis 11 is changed, for example, 0.1 degrees, after each swinging unit, the angle is kept unchanged, then the detector and the reflecting mirror 5 rotate about the optical axis 11 by an angle unit, for example, 1 degree, and the photo detector array collects the image signals recorded at the position; when the 360-degree or fan-shaped angle rotation scanning is completed, the pitching mechanism swings to the next angle again, the steps are repeated until the scanning from the swing starting point position to the swing end point position is completed, and the wide-range view field imaging is realized.
Fig. 1 and 2 only show the working mode of the periscope structure, namely, the optical axis 11 is in the direction of the vertical line of gravity, and the optical axis 11 can be arranged horizontally or at any inclination angle according to the use requirement. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may make many forms without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting a photoelectric detector array, which is characterized in that: the imaging device comprises a photoelectric detector array (3), an imaging lens (4) and a reflecting mirror (5) which are sequentially arranged, wherein the photoelectric detector array (3) and the reflecting mirror (5) are arranged on an optical axis (11) of the imaging lens (4), the reflecting mirror (5) and the optical axis (11) are arranged in an inclined included angle, and an external scene (8) is imaged on a photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector array (3) after passing through the reflecting mirror (5) and the imaging lens (4);
The photoelectric detector array (3) is fixed on a first rotating shaft (1) which is coaxially arranged with the optical axis (11) and rotates around the first rotating shaft (1), the reflecting mirror (5) is arranged on a second rotating shaft (2) which is coaxially arranged with the optical axis (11) and rotates around the second rotating shaft (2), and the first rotating shaft (1) and the second rotating shaft (2) synchronously rotate; the imaging lens (4) is kept motionless;
The two side edges of the reflecting mirror (5) are fixed on a frame-shaped reflecting mirror frame (6), and the reflecting mirror frame (6) is fixed on the second rotating shaft (2) and rotates around the second rotating shaft (2);
An angle swinging mechanism is arranged on the reflector frame (6) and drives the reflector (5) to swing, so that the change of an inclined included angle between the reflector (5) and the optical axis (11) is realized;
The angle swinging mechanism comprises a swinging motor (7) and a bearing (9), two swinging rotating shafts (10) are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the reflecting mirror (5), one swinging rotating shaft (10) is fixed on the reflecting mirror frame (6) through the bearing, the other swinging rotating shaft (10) is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the swinging motor (7), and the swinging motor (7) is fixed on the reflecting mirror frame (6).
2. An apparatus for performing wide-range scanning imaging using a photodetector array as defined in claim 1, wherein: the inclined included angle is 30-60 degrees.
3. An apparatus for performing wide-range scanning imaging using a photodetector array as defined in claim 1, wherein: a collecting ring is arranged between the photoelectric detector array (3) and the first rotating shaft (1) to realize power supply and signal output of the detector.
4. An apparatus for performing wide-range scanning imaging using a photodetector array as defined in claim 1, wherein: the first rotating shaft (1) and the second rotating shaft (2) are driven by a stepping motor to realize synchronous rotation respectively, and the swinging motor (7) is a stepping motor.
5. A method for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting a photoelectric detector array is characterized in that an imaging lens (4) and a reflecting mirror (5) are sequentially arranged in front of the photoelectric detector array (3), the reflecting mirror (5) and the photoelectric detector array (3) are arranged on an optical axis (11) of the imaging lens (4), the reflecting mirror (5) and the optical axis (11) are arranged in an inclined included angle, and an external scene is imaged on a photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector array (3) after passing through the reflecting mirror (5) and the imaging lens (4);
The method for scanning and imaging in a large range comprises the following steps:
5.1, synchronously rotating the photoelectric detector array (3) and the reflecting mirror (5) around the optical axis (11) by an angle unit according to a set rotation angle; the imaging lens (4) is kept motionless;
5.2, the reflector (5) swings around the swing rotating shaft by an angle unit from the swing starting point according to the set swing angle;
5.3, collecting and recording image signals of the position by the photoelectric detector array;
5.4, repeating the steps 5.2 to 5.3 until the reflecting mirror (5) reaches the swing end position;
5.5, repeating the steps 5.1 to 5.4, and rotating the photoelectric detector array (3) and the reflecting mirror (5) around the optical axis (11) according to a set stepping rate to realize wide-range field imaging.
6. A method for realizing large-range scanning imaging by adopting a photoelectric detector array is characterized in that an imaging lens (4) and a reflecting mirror (5) are sequentially arranged in front of the photoelectric detector array (3), the reflecting mirror (5) and the photoelectric detector array (3) are arranged on an optical axis (11) of the imaging lens (4), the reflecting mirror (5) and the optical axis (11) are arranged in an inclined included angle, and an external scene is imaged on a photosensitive surface of the photoelectric detector array (3) after passing through the reflecting mirror (5) and the imaging lens (4);
The method for scanning and imaging in a large range comprises the following steps:
6.1, the reflector (5) swings around the swing rotating shaft by an angle unit from the swing starting point according to the set swing angle; the imaging lens (4) is kept motionless;
6.2, the photoelectric detector array (3) and the reflecting mirror (5) synchronously rotate around the optical axis (11) for an angle unit according to a set stepping rate;
6.3, collecting and recording image signals of the position by the photoelectric detector array;
6.4, repeating steps 6.2 to 6.3 until one revolution around the optical axis (11) is completed;
and 6.5, repeating the steps 6.1 to 6.4, and swinging the reflecting mirror (5) to a swinging end position according to the set swinging speed to realize wide-range field imaging.
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CN110031907B (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2024-09-20 | 西安天和防务技术股份有限公司 | Optical machine scanning imaging system |
CN110187497A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-30 | 杨荣 | Polarizers of big angle scope scanned imagery device and method based on double mirror |
CN112835066A (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2021-05-25 | 湖南大学 | Associated imaging scheme for panoramic scanning of far field |
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