CN107623647A - A kind of carrier synchronization method based on scattered pilot auxiliary - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of carrier synchronization method based on scattered pilot auxiliary.This method requires that input signal has the design feature of scattered pilot point that is discontinuous, being spacedly distributed, and method implementation steps are：(1) frequency pilot sign is extracted from the data symbol of collection；(2) carrier wave frequency deviation rate of change is obtained according to the frequency pilot sign of extraction, and frequency deviation rate of change compensation is carried out to the data symbol for including the frequency pilot sign according to the carrier wave frequency deviation rate of change；(3) frequency pilot sign after being compensated according to frequency deviation rate of change obtains carrier wave frequency deviation, and carries out frequency deviation compensation to the data symbol for including the frequency pilot sign according to the carrier wave frequency deviation；(4) frequency pilot sign after the frequency deviation is compensated carries out coherent accumulation, obtains carrier wave initial phase；(5) phasing is carried out to each data symbol after carrying out frequency deviation compensation by carrier wave initial phase, completes carrier synchronization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of burst communication, in particular to a carrier synchronization method based on scattered pilot frequency assistance.
Background
In a TDMA network system, the length of a data frame determines the upper limit of the number of networking nodes and thus the capacity of the communication network. In order to ensure that the network has larger capacity and the transmission efficiency of data frames is considered, the frame length is designed to be generally in the order of 10ms, and in some special application fields such as deep open sea communication, the communication mode is a burst communication system with multiple choices for the requirement of confidentiality. Because the duration of the data frame is short, under the scenes of low signal-to-noise ratio and large Doppler dynamic, the traditional closed-loop tracking mode is limited by the loop locking time and is not applicable, so that the open-loop tracking mode based on pilot frequency assistance is an important application direction of burst communication.
At present, when a pilot-assisted short-time data frame synchronization algorithm is performed, pilot symbols are non-continuously and uniformly distributed in the whole signal frame, based on the communication format, a phase value of the pilot symbol is estimated firstly, then all data symbol values between adjacent pilot symbols are interpolated by using an interpolation method, however, if the phase estimation of the pilot symbol is wrong, the phase of the data symbol is also corrected wrongly, and the problem of large carrier synchronization error is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a carrier synchronization method based on discrete pilot frequency assistance. The method can solve the problem that the existing carrier synchronization has large error and cannot be suitable for carrier synchronization under a large-frequency dynamic application scene.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a scattered pilot assisted carrier synchronization method comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting pilot symbols from the acquired data symbols;
(2) acquiring carrier frequency offset change rate according to the extracted pilot frequency symbol, and performing frequency offset change rate compensation on a data symbol containing the pilot frequency symbol according to the carrier frequency offset change rate;
(3) obtaining carrier frequency offset according to the pilot frequency symbol after frequency offset change rate compensation, and performing frequency offset compensation on the data symbol containing the pilot frequency symbol according to the carrier frequency offset;
(4) performing coherent accumulation on the pilot frequency symbol after the frequency offset compensation to obtain a carrier initial phase;
(5) and carrying out phase correction on each data symbol subjected to frequency offset compensation through the initial phase of the carrier, thereby completing carrier synchronization.
Further, the length of the data symbol is N, where N ═ K × (P + L), K denotes that the data symbol with the length of N is uniformly divided into K segments, L is the number of data symbols included in each segment of data symbol, and P is the number of pilot symbols in each segment of data symbol.
Further, the method for obtaining the carrier frequency offset change rate in the step (2) includes:
in each data symbolThe P pilot symbols are subjected to coherent accumulation to obtain K accumulation results P1,p2,…pK；
Dividing the K accumulation results into two groups, and carrying out conjugate multiplication on the two groups of accumulation results to obtain an autocorrelation function sequenceWherein the first group of accumulated results isThe second group of accumulated results is
For the autocorrelation function sequencePerforming FFTFFT operation to obtain FFT spectral lines corresponding to the autocorrelation function sequence, wherein the sampling rate of the FFT operationWherein R issRepresents a data symbol rate;
obtaining a peak spectral line from the FFT spectral lines and FFT transform values X corresponding to two spectral lines adjacent to the front and the back of the peak spectral line respectivelyk，Xk-1，Xk+1And according to the formulaCalculating a correction term delta for the peak position, where Re [. cndot.)]Represents a pair [. C]Taking a real part;
according to the formulaCalculating a corrected carrier frequency offset, wherein fdFor the corrected carrier frequency offset, kpeakFor the corrected peak spectral line frequency, kpeakK is k + deltaPeak spectral line frequency before correction;
according to the formulaCalculating the rate of change of carrier frequency offset, wherein fd' is the bias rate.
Further, the method for acquiring the carrier frequency offset in step (3) includes:
carrying out coherent accumulation on P pilot symbols in each section of data symbols after frequency offset change rate compensation to obtain K accumulation results P1,p2,…pK；
For the accumulated result p1,p2,…pKPerforming FFT operation to obtain an FFT spectral line corresponding to the autocorrelation function sequence;
obtaining a peak spectral line from the FFT spectral lines and FFT transform values X corresponding to two spectral lines adjacent to the front and the back of the peak spectral line respectivelyk，Xk-1，Xk+1And according to the formulaCalculating a correction term delta for the peak position, where Re [. cndot.)]Represents a pair [. C]Taking a real part;
according to the formulaCalculating a corrected carrier frequency offset, wherein fdFor the corrected carrier frequency offset, kpeakFor the corrected peak spectral line frequency, kpeakK is the peak spectral frequency before correction.
Further, the method for acquiring the initial phase of the carrier in the step (4) includes:
according to the formulaA calculation is performed in which, among other things,is the initial phase, sp,0Is an initial value of pilot symbols, S'pAnd carrying out coherent accumulation on the pilot frequency symbols after frequency offset compensation.
Further, the method for performing phase correction on each data symbol subjected to frequency offset compensation through the initial phase of the carrier in the step (5) to complete carrier synchronization includes:
each data symbol after frequency offset compensation and the initial phaseThe reciprocal of (a) is multiplied.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the discrete pilot frequency assistance-based carrier synchronization method provided by the invention, when the Doppler frequency change rate and the Doppler frequency offset are estimated, a Jacobsen estimation algorithm is adopted instead of the traditional FFT estimation algorithm, namely after an FFT spectral line is obtained, the peak spectral line frequency is corrected, and the carrier frequency offset change rate and the carrier frequency offset are obtained by adopting the corrected peak spectral line frequency, so that the synchronization method can be ensured to obtain higher estimation precision than that of the traditional FFT operation scheme through an extremely small FFT operation scale under the condition of low signal to noise ratio, and further obtain a more ideal carrier synchronization effect.
(2) The invention adopts coherent processing mode on frequency deviation change rate estimation, frequency deviation estimation and final carrier initial phase correction, improves the judgment signal-to-noise ratio by coherent accumulation of a plurality of pilot frequency symbols, and reduces the probability of error judgment, thereby ensuring that the method provided by the invention can work under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio.
(3) The invention provides a carrier synchronization method based on scattered pilot frequency assistance, which comprises the steps of firstly utilizing pilot frequency symbols to carry out Doppler frequency offset change rate estimation, and then carrying out Doppler frequency offset estimation after Doppler frequency offset change rate compensation. Therefore, the method provided by the invention can be ensured to be applied to the larger Doppler dynamic condition, and further be applicable to the carrier synchronization in the large-frequency dynamic application scene.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a scattered pilot assisted signal format according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a signal processing flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to fig. 2:
(1) pilot symbols are extracted from the collected data symbols.
For the present invention, the input data symbols are required to have the characteristics of non-continuous and equal-interval pilot symbol distribution, that is, every L data symbols have P pilot symbols, and the signal structure can be as shown in fig. 1. The length N of the acquired data symbol is K × (P + L), where K denotes that the data symbol with the length N is divided into K segments in a uniform manner, and the value of K should meet the requirement of accumulating the signal-to-noise ratio of the pilot symbol, and usually needs to meet the requirementWherein,representing the single pilot symbol signal-to-noise ratio in dB. And the input signal is preset to have completed coarse synchronization, the residual doppler frequency offset being within the range of the pilot pattern frequency estimation.
(2) And acquiring the carrier frequency offset change rate according to the extracted pilot frequency symbol, and performing frequency offset change rate compensation on the data symbol containing the pilot frequency symbol according to the carrier frequency offset change rate.
The frequency offset change rate estimation method adopts a delay autocorrelation FFT algorithm, and the algorithm principle is described as follows:
let the baseband receive signal be:
wherein f isdIs carrier frequency offset, f'dFor the carrier frequency offset change rate, the signal autocorrelation function is:
wherein, (.)*Represents the (-) conjugate function. It follows that the autocorrelation function is actually at frequency f'dτ, and therefore the problem of frequency offset change rate estimation is actually the problem of frequency offset estimation.
The frequency offset estimation algorithm adopts a Jacobsen estimation algorithm, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. carrying out coherent accumulation on P pilot symbols in each segment of data symbols to obtain K accumulation results P1,p2,…pK。
b. Dividing the K accumulation results into two groups, and carrying out conjugate multiplication on the two groups of accumulation results to obtain an autocorrelation function sequenceWherein the first group of accumulated results isThe second group of accumulated results is
c. For the autocorrelation function sequenceAnd performing FFT operation to obtain an FFT spectral line corresponding to the autocorrelation function sequence.
Wherein, the FFT can adopt IP core of FPGA in the engineering realization, the number of the points for FFT operation is integer power of 2, ifInteger powers of 2 are not satisfied, and sequence extension can be performed by complementing 0. At this time, the sampling rate of the FFT operationWherein R issRepresenting the data symbol rate.
d. Obtaining a peak spectral line from the FFT spectral lines and FFT transform values X corresponding to two spectral lines adjacent to the front and the back of the peak spectral line respectivelyk，Xk-1，Xk+1And according to the formulaCalculating a correction term delta for the peak position, where Re [. cndot.)]Represents a pair [. C]And taking a real part.
e. According to the formulaCalculating a corrected carrier frequency offset, wherein fdFor the corrected carrier frequency offset, kpeakFor the corrected peak spectral line frequency, kpeakK is the peak spectral frequency before correction.
f. According to the formulaCalculating the change rate of carrier frequency deviation, wherein f'dIs the bias rate.
For the invention, the frequency offset change rate estimation is carried out here, in order to solve the problem that the frequency offset can not be directly estimated under the condition of large Doppler frequency offset change rate, meanwhile, the Jacobsen estimation algorithm is adopted here to carry out frequency estimation, and then the frequency offset change rate is calculated, because the Jacobsen estimation algorithm has smaller FFT scale compared with the traditional FFT algorithm, and under the condition of the same signal to noise ratio, higher estimation precision is obtained.
(3) And acquiring carrier frequency offset according to the pilot frequency symbol after frequency offset change rate compensation, and performing frequency offset compensation on the data symbol containing the pilot frequency symbol according to the carrier frequency offset.
The carrier frequency offset algorithm adopts a Jacobsen estimation algorithm, and comprises the following specific steps:
a. carrying out coherent accumulation on P pilot symbols in each section of data symbols after frequency offset change rate compensation to obtain K accumulation results P1,p2,…pK。
b. For the accumulated result p1,p2,…pKAnd performing FFT operation to obtain an FFT spectral line corresponding to the autocorrelation function sequence.
c. Obtaining a peak spectral line from the FFT spectral lines and FFT transform values X corresponding to two spectral lines adjacent to the front and the back of the peak spectral line respectivelyk，Xk-1，Xk+1And according to the formulaCalculating a correction term delta for the peak position, where Re [. cndot.)]Represents a pair [. C]And taking a real part.
d. According to the formulaCalculating a corrected carrier frequency offset, wherein fdFor the corrected carrier frequency offset, kpeakFor the corrected peak spectral line frequency, kpeakK is the peak spectral frequency before correction.
(4) And performing coherent accumulation on the pilot frequency symbol after the frequency offset compensation to obtain a carrier initial phase.
In particular, according to the formulaA calculation is performed in which, among other things,is the initial phase, sp,0Is an initial value of a pilot symbol, usually sp,0＝1+j，S'pAnd carrying out coherent accumulation on the pilot frequency symbols after frequency offset compensation. Wherein,s′p,jthe jth pilot symbol, PK, is the total number of pilot symbols in the N stored received signals.
(5) And carrying out phase correction on each data symbol subjected to frequency offset compensation through the initial phase of the carrier, thereby completing carrier synchronization.
Specifically, each data symbol after frequency offset compensation and the initial phase are combinedThe reciprocal of (a) is multiplied. Then, the following operations such as demodulation and decoding are performed.
Examples
Assume that the received signal has the structure shown in fig. 1, where the pilot symbol initial value is s0If the service data symbol adopts QPSK modulation, the received signal can be described by the following equation:
wherein f isdFor Doppler remaining after acquisitionFrequency offset of f'dIs the rate of change of Doppler frequency offset, TsIs the symbol period, sn＝In+jQnFor the nth data symbol transmitted, N is 1,2, …, N. In particular, for pilot symbols, sn＝1+j。
Extracting all pilot symbols in the data symbols according to the step (1) to obtain a sequence set { s'1,1,s'2,1,…,s'P,1,s1',2,s'2,2,…,s'P,K}。
Calculating the carrier frequency offset change rate by using the extracted pilot frequency symbols through a Jacobsen estimation algorithm according to the step (2):
a. performing coherent accumulation on the extracted pilot symbols according to P groups to obtain K accumulation results P1,p2,…pKWhereinm is 1,2, … K. In general, the accumulated phase of the residual Doppler in P continuous pilot symbols is ignored, and thenWherein, T's＝(P+L)TsRepresenting a sequence of samples p after pilot accumulation1,p2,…pKThe period of (c). For convenience of discussion, T 'is omitted'sIs thusm＝1,2,…K。
b. Dividing K sampling points into two groups, the first group isThe second group is:corresponding conjugate multiplication to obtain autocorrelation function sequence
c. To pairTo NFFTAnd FFT operation of the points. FFT adopts IP core, N, of FPGAFFTIs an integer power of 2 ifInteger powers of 2 are not satisfied, and sequence extension can be performed by complementing 0.
d. Finding out FFT transform value X corresponding to two spectral lines k-1, k +1 adjacent to the peak spectral line k of FFTk，Xk-1，Xk+1Then, the correction term δ of the peak position is obtained as follows, δ may be a positive number or a negative number.
Wherein Re represents the real part of the pair [. cndot. ].
e. Corrected peak spectral line kpeakAnd the corresponding estimated frequency offsets are respectively shown as follows:
kpeak＝k+δ
f. according to fdAn estimated value of the frequency deviation change rate is calculated as
At this time, the data symbol of equation 1 is subjected to frequency offset change rate compensation, and the compensated received symbol sequence is
Wherein, theta0Is the compensated initial phase.
According to the step (3), the pilot frequency symbol after frequency offset change rate compensation is utilized to calculate the carrier frequency offset through a Jacobsen estimation algorithm, and specifically:
A. carrying out coherent accumulation on the pilot frequency symbols subjected to frequency offset change rate compensation according to P pilot frequency symbols as a group to obtain K accumulation results P1,p2,…pK，m＝1,2,…K。
B. To p1,p2,…pKTo NFFTAnd FFT operation of the points. The FFT can adopt an IP core, N, of the FPGA in engineering realizationFFTIs an integer power of 2 ifInteger powers of 2 are not satisfied, and sequence extension can be performed by complementing 0.
C. Obtaining FFT conversion value X corresponding to two spectral lines k-1 and k +1 adjacent to the peak spectral line k of FFTk，Xk-1，Xk+1Then, the correction term δ of the peak position is obtained as follows, δ may be a positive number or a negative number.
Wherein Re represents the real part of the pair [. cndot. ].
D. Corrected peak spectral line kpeakAnd the corresponding estimated frequency offsets are respectively shown as the following formula.
kpeak＝k+δ
At this time, the data symbol of equation 2 is frequency offset compensated, and the compensated received symbol sequence is
According to the step (4), extracting the pilot frequency symbol with frequency deviation change frequency and frequency deviation compensated, and carrying out coherent accumulation to obtainThen comparing with the true value of the pilot frequency symbol to obtain the initial phase
According to step (5), the data symbol of formula 3 is initially phase corrected, and the compensated received symbol sequence is
s””(n)＝sn(formula 4)
s "" and (n) are demodulated and decoded.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (6)
1. A scattered pilot assisted-based carrier synchronization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) extracting pilot symbols from the acquired data symbols;
(2) acquiring carrier frequency offset change rate according to the extracted pilot frequency symbol, and performing frequency offset change rate compensation on a data symbol containing the pilot frequency symbol according to the carrier frequency offset change rate;
(3) obtaining carrier frequency offset according to the pilot frequency symbol after frequency offset change rate compensation, and performing frequency offset compensation on the data symbol containing the pilot frequency symbol according to the carrier frequency offset;
(4) performing coherent accumulation on the pilot frequency symbol after the frequency offset compensation to obtain a carrier initial phase;
(5) and carrying out phase correction on each data symbol subjected to frequency offset compensation through the initial phase of the carrier, thereby completing carrier synchronization.
2. The scattered pilot assistance-based carrier synchronization method according to claim 1, wherein the data symbol has a length of N, where N ═ K x (P + L), K denotes that the data symbol having the length of N is uniformly divided into K segments, L is the number of data symbols included in each segment of data symbol, and P is the number of pilot symbols in each segment of data symbol.
3. The scattered pilot assisted-based carrier synchronization method of claim 2, wherein the method for obtaining the carrier frequency offset change rate in step (2) comprises:
carrying out coherent accumulation on P pilot symbols in each segment of data symbols to obtain K accumulation results P1,p2,…pK；
Dividing the K accumulation results into two groups, and carrying out conjugate multiplication on the two groups of accumulation results to obtain an autocorrelation function sequenceWherein the first group of accumulated results isThe second group of accumulated results is
For the autocorrelation function sequencePerforming FFT operation to obtain FFT spectrum corresponding to the autocorrelation function sequenceLine, wherein, the sampling rate of FFT operationWherein R issRepresents a data symbol rate;
obtaining a peak spectral line from the FFT spectral lines and FFT transform values X corresponding to two spectral lines adjacent to the front and the back of the peak spectral line respectivelyk，Xk-1，Xk+1And according to the formulaCalculating a correction term delta for the peak position, where Re [. cndot.)]Represents a pair [. C]Taking a real part;
according to the formulaCalculating a corrected carrier frequency offset, wherein fdFor the corrected carrier frequency offset, kpeakFor the corrected peak spectral line frequency, kpeakK is the peak spectral line frequency before correction;
according to the formulaCalculating the rate of change of carrier frequency offset, wherein fd' is the bias rate.
4. The scattered pilot assisted-based carrier synchronization method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the method for acquiring the carrier frequency offset in step (3) is as follows:
carrying out coherent accumulation on P pilot symbols in each section of data symbols after frequency offset change rate compensation to obtain K accumulation results P1,p2,…pK；
For the accumulated result p1,p2,…pKPerforming FFT operation to obtain an FFT spectral line corresponding to the autocorrelation function sequence;
obtaining a peak spectral line from the FFT spectral line and before and after the peak spectral lineFFT transform values X corresponding to two adjacent spectral lines respectivelyk，Xk-1，Xk+1And according to the formulaCalculating a correction term delta for the peak position, where Re [. cndot.)]Represents a pair [. C]Taking a real part;
according to the formulaCalculating a corrected carrier frequency offset, wherein fdFor the corrected carrier frequency offset, kpeakFor the corrected peak spectral line frequency, kpeakK is the peak spectral frequency before correction.
5. The scattered pilot assisted-based carrier synchronization method according to claim 1, wherein the method for acquiring the initial phase of the carrier in step (4) comprises:
according to the formulaA calculation is performed in which, among other things,is the initial phase, sp,0Is an initial value of pilot symbols, S'pAnd carrying out coherent accumulation on the pilot frequency symbols after frequency offset compensation.
6. The method for carrier synchronization based on scattered pilot assistance under large dynamic with low snr according to claim 5, wherein the step (5) performs phase correction on each data symbol after frequency offset compensation through the initial phase of the carrier, and the method for completing carrier synchronization comprises:
each data symbol after frequency offset compensation and the initial phaseThe reciprocal of (a) is multiplied.
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| CN109600331A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-04-09 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | Frequency deviation synchronous method in cordless communication network |
| CN110505172A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-11-26 | 四川安迪科技实业有限公司 | A kind of frequency deviation estimating method and device based on scattered pilot auxiliary |
| CN110768919A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2020-02-07 | 武汉船舶通信研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七二二研究所） | Carrier synchronization method and device for satellite communication system |
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| CN110768919B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2022-09-16 | 武汉船舶通信研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七二二研究所） | Carrier synchronization method and device for satellite communication system |
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