CN106989846B - A kind of device measuring high temperature gas flow total temperature - Google Patents
A kind of device measuring high temperature gas flow total temperature Download PDFInfo
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- CN106989846B CN106989846B CN201710362836.XA CN201710362836A CN106989846B CN 106989846 B CN106989846 B CN 106989846B CN 201710362836 A CN201710362836 A CN 201710362836A CN 106989846 B CN106989846 B CN 106989846B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
- G01K13/024—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow of moving gases
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the devices that a kind of pair of high temperature gas flow total temperature measures.It is characterized in that including head 1, cooling system 2, orifice flowmeter 3, conversion valve 4, gas analyzer 5, vacuum pump 6 and main body 7.Wherein, head 1 is mounted in main body 7, is passed through cooling system 2, is connected with orifice flowmeter 3, is sequentially installed with conversion valve 4, gas analyzer 5 and vacuum pump 6 on 7 second half section of main body thereafter.When work, device is by flow parameters such as measurement gas stagnation pressure, gas componant, static pressure differences before orifice flowmeter 3 before and after static pressure, static temperature and orifice plate, using the conservation of mass and gas dynamics, can inverse go out the total temperature of tested air-flow.The device has the characteristics that limit for height and temperature measurement accuracy are high on reachable thermometric.While measuring total airflow temperature, can stagnation pressure to tested air-flow and flow constituents measure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high temperature flow field the field of test technology, measure more particularly to a kind of pair of high temperature gas flow total temperature
Device, the anti-locking apparatus of energy are damaged in the test in high temperature flow field by high temperature incoming flow.
Background technique
Currently, development temperature sensing means the most mature, most commonly used are that thermocouple is surveyed in high temperature gas flow field of temperature measurement
Temperature technique.Due to being limited by thermo wires fusing point, the thermometric upper limit of standard couple is at 1800 DEG C hereinafter, non-standard thermocouple one
As at 2400 DEG C or less.Due to carrying out radiation heat transfer, and and support between the thermocouple meeting immersed in air-flow and ambient enviroment
Between carry out heat transfer, so tested air-flow temperature is higher, the error of introducing is bigger；When tested air-flow speed is higher, also
Biggish velocity error can be introduced；In addition, thermocouple is urged due to the deterioration of thermocouple material and when measuring high-temperature fuel gas
Error can also be caused by changing effect etc..All these errors will make thermocouple measured temperature value deviate true temperature value, seriously
When, it is this to deviate up to 200-300 DEG C.It is visited by installing stagnation cover or shielding case, reasonable thermocouple additional outside thermocouple
The means such as needle design, certain compensation data mode, can effectively reduce the influence of various errors, but can not eradicate, and
And it will increase the complexity on thermocouple structure.
For many years, people have conducted intensive studies in terms of the thermometric upper limit and temperature measurement accuracy for improving thermocouple,
For example a kind of compensated high-temp. airflow temperature measuring method is proposed in the patent of invention of Publication No. CN1076781A, common
Thermocouple measuring staff end fills the thermocouple probe different there are two qualitative size, is installed with respective electricity respectively in two probes and adds
Hot stove core is each configured with respective thermocouple node in two probe outer surfaces, by guaranteeing the ratio heating power at two nodes
Identical, temperature is equal, so that it may measure the temperature of high temperature gas flow, this method can effectively improve the thermometric essence of thermocouple
Degree.A kind of double-purpose high temperature gas flow thermometer is proposed in the utility model patent of Publication No. CN85203670U, passes through exhaust fan
Pumping, it is possible to increase by the heat convection of thermocouple, reduce radiation error, while the achievable sampling to tested air-flow, still
Both methods is still limited by the thermocouple temperature measurement upper limit.In the patent of invention of Publication No. CN102141447A, to temperature
The measurement upper limit of degree is limited by steel probe self character；Although and be both to be measured total temperature, stagnation pressure, it is right
When different parameters measure, sample point position spatially is not overlapped, surveyed parameter be not on stricti jurise same point take
Sample result.
Other than thermocouple, fuel gas analysis thermometry, CARS thermometry, Fiber Optic Pyrometer, acoustic thermometry skill
The temperature sensing means such as art are also rapidly developed in recent years, but these methods all have that thermometric is at high cost, thermometric process is complicated
The problems such as, apart from large-scale application, also there is a big difference.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is: it is directed to high temperature gas flow, provides limit for height, temperature measurement accuracy on a kind of thermometric high temperature measurement hand
Section, and the stagnation pressure and flow constituents of tested air-flow can be measured simultaneously.
Technical solution of the invention:
It is a kind of measure high temperature gas flow total temperature device include head 1, cooling system 2, orifice flowmeter 3, conversion valve 4,
Gas analyzer 5, vacuum pump 6 and main body 7；Head 1 is mounted in main body 7, cooling system 2 is passed through, with 3 phase of orifice flowmeter
Even, conversion valve 4, gas analyzer 5 and vacuum pump 6 are sequentially installed on 7 second half section of main body thereafter.
Further, head 1 and main body 7 are cylinder pipeline, and overall diameter is 6 millimeters to 10 millimeters, 1 axis of head and main body
7 axis are overlapped.
Further, device head 1 is provided with air inlet venturi, and using ball-and-socket air inlet face, ball-and-socket diameter is 1 to 3 millimeter.
Further, the production of the heat-resisting materials such as ceramics can be used in head 1.
Further, main body 7 can be using the production of the materials such as stainless steel.
Further, when measurement, suction nozzle face incoming flow, when conversion valve 4 is closed, vacuum pump 6 does not work, whole device
It can be used as a total pressure probe, measure tested air-flow stagnation pressure P*；When conversion valve 4 is opened, vacuum pump 6 is evacuated, regulating device
Back pressure, tested air-flow enter device, when the air-flow velocity at 1 suction nozzle venturi of head being made to reach velocity of sound, measuring diaphragm flowmeter 3
Preceding static pressure P1, static temperature T1, orifice plate front and back static pressure difference Δ P.Before air-flow enters vacuum pump 6, gas analyzer 5 is to tested air-flow
Ingredient is analyzed, and the adiabatic exponent k of air-flow is obtained, and then the total temperature T of available tested air-flow is calculated using formula*.It is whole
During a, while measuring total airflow temperature, the stagnation pressure and flow constituents of air-flow is also obtained.
Further, the cooling system 2 can be using a variety of methods for cooling such as water cooling, air cooling, to reduce tested air-flow temperature
Degree.
A kind of device measuring high temperature gas flow total temperature, fundamental measurement principle are as follows:
When air-flow passes through suction nozzle venturi with velocity of sound, according to gas dynamics, pass through the gas mass flow of venturi
Amount are as follows:
Wherein k is to analyze the air-flow adiabatic exponent that result obtains according to gas analyzer；R is gas constant；P*、T*Respectively
For the stagnation pressure and total temperature of tested air-flow；AtFor the circulation area of 1 venturi of device head.
And when flowing through orifice flow timing by the air-flow of pipeline venturi, according to the measure equation of orifice flowmeter, pass through
The mass flow of orifice flowmeter air-flow are as follows:
Wherein, C0For the efflux coefficient of orifice flowmeter；β is the opening diameter ratio of orifice flowmeter；ε be orifice plate can be swollen
Swollen coefficient represents compressibility of the air-flow by orifice plate, is generally calculated by empirical equation；A0For the circulation of orifice plate aperture
Area；Δ P is the static pressure difference before and after orifice plate；P1And T1Static pressure and static temperature respectively before orifice plate.
According to mass conservation law, the mass flow and orifice flowmeter institute mass metering flow at venturi are equal, on simultaneous
Tested air-flow total temperature T can be obtained by stating two formula*Calculation formula are as follows:
It enablesThen have:
Wherein FcalIt is a function related with device geometry, can be obtained by calibration, scaling method is to allow always
Air-flow known to temperature is by pipeline venturi and orifice flowmeter, and inverse goes out F after measurement obtains each parametercalValue.FkIt is one with gas
Body adiabatic exponent k is the function of independent variable, obtains the ingredient of air-flow by being analyzed by gas analyzer, k value can be obtained, thus
F is calculatedk。
As long as it follows that according to:
(1) the stagnation pressure P of tested air-flow is measured*；
(2) flow constituents are measured, obtain gas adiabatic exponent k；
(3) the static pressure P before orifice flowmeter1, static temperature T1；Static pressure difference Δ P before and after orifice plate；
It brings each measurement parameter into above-mentioned calculation formula, the total temperature T of tested air-flow can be calculated*。
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. above-mentioned apparatus head 1 needs to immerse in tested air-flow, and since all parameters are all after pipeline venturi
Measurement, it is only necessary to the heatproof upper limit on pipeline head is considered, so the heatproof upper limit of 1 material of head determines on the thermometric of device
Limit, the material processing unit (plant) head for selecting heatproof high can be such that the device thermometric upper limit improves.
2. air-flow velocity before orifice plate can be made to drop to very low, air-flow after the orifice flowmeter 3 for selecting suitable opening diameter ratio
Total temperature and static temperature difference very little, and since air-flow flows into after pipeline venturi i.e. cooled, gas flow temperature is very low before orifice plate, so
It can accurately measure to obtain very much static temperature before orifice plate.For current measuring technique, the available accuracy of pressure measurement is very high, i.e. quilt
Static pressure difference can accurately measure to obtain very much before and after static pressure, orifice plate before survey air-flow stagnation pressure, orifice plate.Since this method is not direct
Gas flow temperature is measured, but by the measurement of flow parameter come the total temperature of inverse air-flow, so not will receive the shadow of velocity error
It rings, is influenced very little by heat transfer, heat radiation；And there is no in thermocouple temperature measurement, introduced due to thermo wires material degradation
Measurement error, the available accuracy for measuring high temperature in this way is very high.
3. this method thermometric mode is simple, the measurement of static pressure difference be can be used before and after static pressure, orifice plate before air-flow stagnation pressure, orifice plate
Common pressure sensor, gas flow temperature is very low before orifice plate, and the measurement of static temperature can be used cheap with high accuracy before orifice plate
The sensors such as platinum resistance temperature sensor or low temperature thermocouple, thermometric cost in this way it is also very low.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is the schematic illustration of apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein: the head 1-, 2- cooling system, 3- orifice flowmeter, 4- conversion valve, 5- gas analyzer, 6- vacuum pump,
7- main body.
Specific embodiment
Attached drawing show the schematic illustration of apparatus of the present invention, including head 1, cooling system 2, orifice flowmeter 3, conversion
Valve 4, gas analyzer 5, vacuum pump 6 and main body 7.In use, tested air-flow enters main body 7 by the suction nozzle on head 1, through cold
But after system 2 is cooling, orifice flowmeter 3 and conversion valve 4 is flowed successively through, analysis is sampled at gas analyzer 5, finally
Flow through 6 discharger of vacuum pump.
When work, suction nozzle face incoming flow closes conversion valve 4, measures the stagnation pressure of tested air-flow at this time；Open switching valve
Door 4, vacuum pump 6 are evacuated, and gas analyzer 5 samples air-flow and analyzed, and obtains flow constituents, and continuing pumping makes the larynx of suction nozzle
Road position reaches velocity of sound, static pressure, static temperature before measuring diaphragm flowmeter 3, static pressure difference before and after orifice plate, bring into calculation formula can obtain by
Survey total airflow temperature.
The present invention is by can achieve the higher thermometric upper limit to end of probe reasonable material；Pass through measuring flow parameter
Inverse total airflow temperature avoids the influence of velocity error, greatly reduces the influence of heat transfer error, heat radiation error, can be with
Reach higher precision.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of device for measuring high temperature gas flow total temperature, it is characterised in that: device includes head (1), cooling system (2), orifice plate
Flowmeter (3), conversion valve (4), gas analyzer (5), vacuum pump (6) and main body (7)；Head (1) is mounted on main body (7)
On, it passes through cooling system (2), is connected with orifice flowmeter (3), is sequentially installed with switching valve on main body (7) second half section thereafter
Door (4), gas analyzer (5) and vacuum pump (6)；When measurement, suction nozzle face incoming flow, when conversion valve (4) are closed, vacuum
Pump (6) does not work, and whole device can be used as a total pressure probe, measures tested air-flow stagnation pressure P*；When conversion valve (4) are opened
When, vacuum pump (6) pumping, regulating device back pressure, tested air-flow enters device, makes the air-flow stream at head (1) suction nozzle venturi
When speed reaches velocity of sound, static pressure P before measuring diaphragm flowmeter (3)1, static temperature T1, orifice plate front and back static pressure difference Δ P；Enter vacuum in air-flow
Before pumping (6), gas analyzer (5) analyzes tested air-flow ingredient, obtains the adiabatic exponent k of air-flow, so utilize with
Lower formula calculates the total temperature T of available tested air-flow*；
Wherein FcalIt is a function related with device geometry, is obtained by calibration；FkIt is one with gas adiabatic exponent k
For the function of independent variable；ε is the inflatable coefficient of orifice plate, represents compressibility of the air-flow by orifice plate.
2. a kind of device for measuring high temperature gas flow total temperature described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: head (1) and main body
It (7) is cylinder pipeline, overall diameter is 6 millimeters to 10 millimeters, and head (1) axis is overlapped with main body (7) axis.
3. a kind of device for measuring high temperature gas flow total temperature described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: device head (1) is set
It is equipped with air inlet venturi, using ball-and-socket air inlet face, ball-and-socket diameter is 1 to 3 millimeter.
4. a kind of device for measuring high temperature gas flow total temperature described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cooling system
(2) using water cooling or the methods for cooling of air cooling, to reduce tested air-flow temperature.
5. a kind of device for measuring high temperature gas flow total temperature described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the head (1) is adopted
It is made of ceramic high-temperature resistant material.
6. a kind of device for measuring high temperature gas flow total temperature described in accordance with the claim 1, it is characterised in that: the main body (7) is adopted
It is made of stainless steel material.
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| CN201710362836.XA CN106989846B (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2017-05-22 | A kind of device measuring high temperature gas flow total temperature |
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| CN106989846B true CN106989846B (en) | 2019-05-17 |
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| CN107167257B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2019-05-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of device measuring high temperature and high pressure gas total temperature |
| CN108534981B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-12-20 | 北京航天长征飞行器研究所 | High temperature wind tunnel is with collecting mouthful water spray heat sink |
| CN109211426B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-21 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Air-cooled total temperature sensing part measuring head |
| CN109520633A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-26 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | A kind of double venturi air suction type measureing methods of high-temperature |
| CN111307462B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-08-20 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Flow calculation method for air inlet wheel disc type regulating valve of high-altitude platform |
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| US3486833A (en) * | 1967-05-05 | 1969-12-30 | Gen Motors Corp | High temperature composite gas turbine engine components |
| US5404760A (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1995-04-11 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Blade path thermocouple and exhaust gas extraction probe for combustion turbines |
| RU2097716C1 (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1997-11-27 | Герман Николаевич Ерченко | Process determining inhomogeneity of temperature field of gas stream during supercritical outflow |
| FR2897428B1 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2008-04-04 | Airbus France Sas | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TOTAL TEMPERATURE OF THE AIR FLOW SURROUNDING AN AIRCRAFT |
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