CN106807394B - 一种异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106807394B
CN106807394B CN201710020183.7A CN201710020183A CN106807394B CN 106807394 B CN106807394 B CN 106807394B CN 201710020183 A CN201710020183 A CN 201710020183A CN 106807394 B CN106807394 B CN 106807394B
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高爽
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Shandong Dechen Energy Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂及其制备方法,属于精细化工技术领域,具体步骤如下:将钼酸铵、硝酸铈及其他金属盐加入盛有水的容器中溶解成混合溶液;量取所需的氨水,并将去离子水加入氨水中,将氨水稀释成2~4倍;将混合溶液用恒温磁力搅拌器搅拌30~120min,在搅拌的过程中,将氨水稀释液逐滴加入混合溶液中;将悬浊液置于温度为80~90℃的旋转蒸发仪中旋蒸1~4h,蒸去多余水分;将浆液置于温度为80~120℃的烘箱中干燥3~18h;将催化剂半成品置于温度为400~800℃的马弗炉中焙烧4~12h,即得催化剂。本发明中的催化剂制备工艺简单,且制备的催化剂催化效率高,因此,该制备工艺适合在化工领域推广。

Description

一种异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及精细化工技术领域,尤其涉及一种异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
甲基丙烯酸甲酯传统生产方法是以丙酮和氢氰酸为原料的丙酮氰醇法,但该工艺使用高毒、高腐蚀性的氢氰酸和硫酸,副产大量硫酸氢氨,因此对生产设备要求苛刻并对环境产生较大压力。上世纪八十年代以后,日本触媒、三菱人造丝和旭化成公司相继开发出以混合C4馏分中异丁烯为原料制MMA生产工艺,由于该工艺环境污染小,产品成本低,很快成为目前全球第二大MMA生产工艺。近几年,英国LUCTIE公司开发出以乙烯、甲醇和CO为原料的MMA生产工艺,并于2007年在新加坡建立了工业装置。据该公司称:采用该工艺能够大幅度降低原料成本。但其技术成熟性和整体经济型有待进一步检验。
目前,几乎所有专利都涉及到Mo、Bi、Fe三类元素,它们是催化剂必不可少的组分;同时为了改进催化剂的活性和稳定性,人们通过在活性组分中加入多种过渡金属及稀土元素来改善催化剂的氧化还原能力,提高催化剂的使用寿命等,该类催化剂通常除上述三种主要元素以外往往要添加5~6种其它金属,长期以来该类催化剂在制备上非常复杂且重复性不好,因此,目前急需一种催化异丁烯选择氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种催化效率高、制备工艺简单且重复性良好的异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂及其制备方法。本发明通过滴加氨水将混合溶液中的金属离子全部沉淀下来,并将所得悬浊液进行干燥和焙烧来制备催化剂。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种用于异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂,所述催化剂选用二氧化铈为氧化载体,且催化剂的活性组分通式如下:Mo2BiaFebXcOh,通式中a、b、c分别代表元素铋、铁和X的原子比率;a的范围为0.1~3.0;b的范围为0.05~6.5;c的范围为0.05~12.0;h为满足其它元素化合价所需的氧原子总数。
进一步地,所述X为选自钨、钒、镍及锰中的至少一种。
进一步地所述氧化载体的量为催化剂重量的5~40%。
本发明还提供了一种异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将制备催化剂所需量的钼酸铵、硝酸铈及其他金属盐加入盛有水的容器中溶解成混合溶液;
(2)量取能将步骤(1)中所制备的混合溶液中金属离子全部沉淀下来所需的氨水,将去离子水加入氨水中,并将氨水稀释成2~4倍,即得氨水稀释液;
(3)将步骤(1)中所制备的混合溶液用恒温磁力搅拌器搅拌30~120min,在搅拌的过程中,将步骤(2)中所配制的氨水稀释液逐滴加入混合溶液中,即得悬浊液;
(4)将步骤(3)中所制备的悬浊液置于温度为80~90℃的旋转蒸发仪中旋蒸1~4h,蒸去多余水分,即得浆液;
(5)将步骤(4)中所制备的浆液置于温度为80~120℃的烘箱中干燥3~18h,即得催化剂半成品;
(6)将步骤(5)所制备的催化剂半成品置于温度为400~800℃的马弗炉中焙烧4~12h,即得催化剂。
进一步地,所述步骤(4)中旋转蒸发仪内的温度为80℃。
进一步地,所述步骤(5)中将浆液置于温度为100℃的烘箱中干燥8h。
进一步地,所述步骤(6)中将催化剂半成品置于温度为600℃的马弗炉中焙烧10h。
与现有技术相比,本发明所达到的有益效果:
(1)本发明中的催化剂由于选择了氧化性载体,所以可以仅通过添加一种合适的过渡金属就可以得到较好的异丁烯转化率和甲基丙烯醛的选择性,并且本发明中的催化异丁烯的转化率最高可达90%,甲基丙烯醛的选择性可达91%,取得了较好的技术成果。
(2)本发明中在制备催化剂的过程中加入了沉淀剂氨水,沉淀剂能够调整混合溶液中各金属离子的沉淀程度,并且在焙烧的过程中分解,从而改变催化剂成品表面积、孔分布等物性参数,从而提高催化剂的活性。
(3)本发明中将浆液置于温度为80~120℃的烘箱中干燥3~18h,此后又将催化剂半成品置于温度为400~800℃的马弗炉中焙烧4~12h,该步骤一方面是为了将催化剂中多余的水分蒸发出来,保证催化剂的干燥度,另一方面催化剂内部多余的杂质被分解,在催化剂表面留下更多的气孔,提高了催化剂的催化效率。
综上所述,本发明中催化剂的制备工艺简单,能够大幅度降低原料成本,并且使得异丁烯转化率高和甲基丙烯醛收率高,因此,该制备工艺适合在化工领域推广和使用。
具体实施方式
以下实施例仅用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
(1)将50g(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O、19gFe(NO3)3·9H2O、16gBi(NO3)·5H2O、19.1g(NH4)6H5[H2(WO4)]及180gCe(NO3)3·6H2O加入盛有300g、70℃去离子水的容器中,并搅拌均匀使其溶解,即得混合溶液;
(2)用去离子水将50mL氨水稀释至100mL,即得氨水稀释液;
(3)将步骤(2)中的氨水稀释液逐滴加入步骤(1)中所制备的混合溶液中,并搅拌30min,即得悬浊液;
(4)将步骤(3)所制备的悬浊液置于温度为80℃的旋转蒸发仪中旋蒸1h,蒸去多余水分,即得浆液;
(5)将步骤(4)中所制备的浆液于温度为80℃的烘箱中干燥5h,再次将浆液置于温度为110℃烘箱中干燥11h,即得催化剂半成品;
(6)将步骤(5)所制备的催化剂半成品置于温度为500℃的马弗炉中焙烧5h,即得Mo12Bi1.5Fe2W1.5Oh/CeO2
实施例2
(1)将50g(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O、19gFe(NO3)3·9H2O、16gBi(NO3)·5H2O、15.1gNi(NO3)3·6H2O及180gCe(NO3)3·6H2O加入盛有300g、70℃去离子水的容器中,并搅拌均匀使其溶解,即得混合溶液;
(2)用去离子水将50mL氨水稀释至100mL,即得氨水稀释液;
(3)将步骤(2)中的氨水稀释液逐滴加入步骤(1)中所制备的混合溶液中,并搅拌30min,即得悬浊液;
(4)将步骤(3)所制备的悬浊液置于温度为80℃的旋转蒸发仪中旋蒸1h,蒸去多余水分,即得浆液;
(5)将步骤(4)中所制备的浆液于温度为80℃的烘箱中干燥5h,再次将浆液置于温度为110℃烘箱中干燥14h,即得催化剂半成品;
(6)将步骤(5)所制备的催化剂半成品置于温度为500℃的马弗炉中焙烧5h,即得Mo12Bi1.5Fe2Ni2.0.Oh/CeO2
实施例3
(1)将50g(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O、19gFe(NO3)3·9H2O、16gBi(NO3)·5H2O、14.1gMn(NO3)2·6H2O及180gCe(NO3)3·6H2O加入盛有300g、70℃去离子水的容器中,并搅拌均匀使其溶解,即得混合溶液;
(2)用去离子水将50mL氨水稀释至100mL,即得氨水稀释液;
(3)将步骤(2)中的氨水稀释液逐滴加入步骤(1)中所制备的混合溶液中,并搅拌30min,即得悬浊液;
(4)将步骤(3)所制备的悬浊液置于温度为80℃的旋转蒸发仪中旋蒸1h,蒸去多余水分,即得浆液;
(5)将步骤(4)中所制备的浆液于温度为80℃的烘箱中干燥5h,再次将浆液置于温度为110℃烘箱中干燥14h,即得催化剂半成品;
(6)将步骤(5)所制备的催化剂半成品置于温度为500℃的马弗炉中焙烧5h,即得Mo12Bi1.5Fe2Mn1.0Oh/CeO2
实施例4
(1)将50g(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O、19gFe(NO3)3·9H2O、16gBi(NO3)·5H2O、19.1g(NH4)VO3及180gCe(NO3)3·6H2O加入盛有300g、70℃去离子水的容器中,并搅拌均匀使其溶解,即得混合溶液;
(2)用去离子水将50mL氨水稀释至100mL,即得氨水稀释液;
(3)将步骤(2)中的氨水稀释液逐滴加入步骤(1)中所制备的混合溶液中,并搅拌30min,即得悬浊液;
(4)将步骤(3)所制备的悬浊液置于温度为80℃的旋转蒸发仪中旋蒸1h,蒸去多余水分,即得浆液;
(5)将步骤(4)中所制备的浆液于温度为80℃的烘箱中干燥5h,再次将浆液置于温度为110℃烘箱中干燥14h,即得催化剂半成品;
(6)将步骤(5)所制备的催化剂半成品置于温度为500℃的马弗炉中焙烧5h,即得Mo12Bi1.5Fe2V1.5Oh/CeO2
对照例
(1)将100g(NH4)6MO7O24·4H2O加入盛有100g、70℃水的容器中,并搅拌使其全部溶解,将103.7g、40WT%的硅溶胶加入溶有(NH4)6MO7O24·4H2O的溶液中,即得物料A;
(2)将38.5gFe(NO3)3·9H2O加入盛有20g、70℃水的容器中,并搅拌使其全部溶解,再向溶有Fe(NO3)3·9H2O的溶液中加入34.3gBi(NO3)3·5H2O、41.2gCo(NO3)2·6H2O、25.1g浓度为50%的Mn(NO3)2水溶液、2.1gEr(NO3)3·6H2O、0.28gZn(NO3)2·6H2O及0.46gCsNO3,搅拌溶解后制成物料B;
(3)将物料B在搅拌的条件下加到物料A中,即得催化剂浆料;向催化剂浆料中加入浓度为25%的氨水5.1g,并在80℃的条件下搅拌老化2h,将老化后的催化剂浆料在120℃的条件下烘干,挤出成型,得到3.5X3.5mm的圆柱状物,然后在490℃的条件下焙烧5h,即得Mo1 2Bi1.5Fe2.0Co3.0Er0.1Mn1.5Zn0.02Cs0.05Oh/SIO2
实验结果
将上述实施例制备的催化剂用于异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的反应中,反应条件:异丁烯与氧气的摩尔比为1:2,反应温度为350℃,反应压力为0.1MPa,空速为1000h,异丁烯与水的摩尔比为1:2。将测得的实验结果列于下表。
表1催化剂的催化效率表
本发明通过实验和对实验数据的分析,发现本实施例1中制备的催化剂在催化过程中,使得异丁烯转化率达到90.1%、甲基丙烯醛选择性高达91.2,明显高于现有技术中的催化剂,因此,该制备工艺适合在化工领域推广和应用。
本技术领域中的普通技术人员应当认识到,以上的实施例仅是用来说明本发明,而并非用作为对本发明的限定,只要在本发明的实质精神范围内,对以上所述实施例的变化、变型都将落在本发明的权利要求范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂,其特征在于:所述催化剂选用二氧化铈为氧化载体,且催化剂的活性组分通式如下:Mo12BiaFebXcOh,通式中a、b、c分别代表元素铋、铁和X的原子比率;a的范围为0.1~3.0;b的范围为0.05~6.5;c的范围为0.05~12.0;h为满足其它元素化合价所需的氧原子总数;所述X为选自钨、钒、镍及锰中的任意一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于异丁烯氧化合成甲基丙烯醛的催化剂,其特征在于:所述氧化载体的量为催化剂重量的5~40%。
3.一种如权利要求1-2任一项所述的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)将制备催化剂所需量的钼酸铵、硝酸铈及其他金属盐加入盛有水的容器中溶解成混合溶液;
(2)量取能将步骤(1)中所制备的混合溶液中金属离子全部沉淀下来所需的氨水,将去离子水加入氨水中,并将氨水稀释成2~4倍,即得氨水稀释液;
(3)将步骤(1)中所制备的混合溶液用恒温磁力搅拌器搅拌30~120min,在搅拌的过程中,将步骤(2)中所配制的氨水稀释液逐滴加入混合溶液中,即得悬浊液;
(4)将步骤(3)中所制备的悬浊液置于温度为80~90℃的旋转蒸发仪中旋蒸1~4h,蒸去多余水分,即得浆液;
(5)将步骤(4)中所制备的浆液置于温度为80~120℃的烘箱中干燥3~18h,即得催化剂半成品;
(6)将步骤(5)所制备的催化剂半成品置于温度为400~800℃的马弗炉中焙烧4~12h,即得催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中旋转蒸发仪内的温度为80℃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中将浆液置于温度为100℃的烘箱中干燥8h。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)中将催化剂半成品置于温度为600℃的马弗炉中焙烧10h。
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