CN106756264B - A kind of aluminum matrix composite, preparation method and its application - Google Patents
A kind of aluminum matrix composite, preparation method and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN106756264B CN106756264B CN201611047206.5A CN201611047206A CN106756264B CN 106756264 B CN106756264 B CN 106756264B CN 201611047206 A CN201611047206 A CN 201611047206A CN 106756264 B CN106756264 B CN 106756264B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
- C22C1/1052—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites by mixing and casting metal matrix composites with reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0084—Pistons the pistons being constructed from specific materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/90—Alloys not otherwise provided for
- F05C2201/903—Aluminium alloy, e.g. AlCuMgPb F34,37
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composite, preparation method and its application, which includes aluminum substrate and the NbB that is distributed in the aluminum substrate2Reinforced phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase.It include NbB in aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention2Reinforced phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase, their Dispersed precipitates are in aluminum substrate, NbB2There are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB between reinforced phase and aluminium base body interface2Heterogeneous forming core core of the reinforced phase as aluminum substrate heterogeneous nucleation refines aluminium base body tissue；NbAl3Reinforced phase and aluminium lattice coefficient similar, can be combined well with aluminum substrate, so that aluminum matrix composite has higher hardness and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature.In addition, aluminum matrix composite elongation percentage provided by the invention is good and wearability is excellent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of composite materials more particularly to a kind of aluminum matrix composite, preparation method and its answer
With.
Background technique
Early 20th century, the spies such as the density of al-si eutectic alloy series material is small, heat conductivity is good, lower thermal expansion coefficient
Point is recognized, and starts to be widely used in the fields such as car industry, space flight and aviation for manufacturing various light components.But aluminium
Silicon eutectic alloy series material elevated temperature strength is low, and intensity, hardness have the spontaneous limit, cannot meet simultaneously it is following to it is high-intensitive,
High abrasion and development need resistant to high temperature.In view of this, in-situ authigenic is at particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material due to resistance to tired
The advantages that labor and light weight, becomes the research hotspot of current composite material.
In-situ authigenic technology is the requirement designed according to material requested ingredient, selects reactant appropriate, passes through matrix gold
Belong to added salt suitable reaction temperature issue it is biochemical react, required reinforced phase is directly generated in metallic matrix.China
Patent CN1180383A discloses a kind of TiB2Particulate ceramic reinforced Al-alloy metal-matrix composites, the invention provides one kind
Method prepares Al-alloy metal-matrix composites: chloride flux is melt molten aluminum or its alloying element (Mg, Ca) in-situ reducing is raw
The TiB being distributed at various grain sizes and size2Crystallite, by determining that flux and composition of alloy and technological temperature can predefine
The size and size of crystallite are distributed.
TiB in the alloy2Although particle has high-modulus, there is very big interface energy, be easy in grain boundaries segregation, casting
Craftsmanship is poor, so that the hardness of the composite material of preparation is poor, and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature is low.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of aluminum matrix composite, preparation method and its application, this hair
The aluminum matrix composite of bright offer has higher hardness and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature.
The present invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composites, including aluminum substrate and the NbB being distributed in the aluminum substrate2Enhancing
Phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase.
Preferably, the NbB2Reinforced phase and NbAl3The gross mass of reinforced phase accounts for 1.0wt%~12.0wt% of aluminum substrate.
Preferably, the NbB2The partial size of reinforced phase is 400~600nm；
The NbAl3The partial size of reinforced phase is 4~6 μm.
Preferably, the alloying element be selected from one of rare earth element, Si, Zr, Ni, Mg, Cu, Ti, Sc, Mn and B or
It is a variety of.
Preferably, the alloying element is made of Si and Zr.
Preferably, mass content of the Si in aluminum matrix composite is 11.0wt%~12.5wt%；
Mass content of the Zr in aluminum matrix composite is 1.0wt%~2.5wt%.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of aluminum matrix composite described in above-mentioned technical proposal, comprising the following steps:
A), niobium, potassium fluoborate are mixed with the aluminium of melting, reacts, obtains aluminum matrix composite.
Preferably, the temperature reacted in the step a) is 900 DEG C~950 DEG C；
The time of the reaction is 1h~3.0h.
Preferably, further comprising the steps of after reaction in the step a):
Obtained reaction product is mixed with alloying element, is kept the temperature, casting obtains aluminum matrix composite.
The present invention provides preparation sides described in aluminum matrix composite described in a kind of above-mentioned technical proposal or above-mentioned technical proposal
The aluminum matrix composite of method preparation is preparing the application in auto parts and components.
The present invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composites, including aluminum substrate and the NbB being distributed in the aluminum substrate2Enhancing
Phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase.It include NbB in aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention2Reinforced phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase, their disperses
It is distributed in aluminum substrate, NbB2There are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB between reinforced phase and aluminium base body interface2Reinforced phase is non-as aluminum substrate
The heterogeneous forming core core of homogeneous nucleation refines aluminium base body tissue；NbAl3Reinforced phase and aluminium lattice coefficient similar, can be with aluminium base
Body combines well, so that aluminum matrix composite has higher hardness and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature.In addition, aluminium base provided by the invention
The elongation percentage of composite material is good and wearability is excellent.The results showed that the tension of aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention
Intensity: 155~280MPa (20 DEG C), 71~95MPa (360 DEG C)；Elongation percentage is 1.6%~2.0%；Hardness: 110~160HBW
(20℃)；With NbB2Reinforced phase and NbAl31.0wt%~12.0wt% percentage that the gross mass of reinforced phase accounts for aluminum substrate increases
Add, hardness number and wearability also obviously increase.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 100 times of aluminum matrix composite；
Fig. 2 is the NbB under prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 8000 times of aluminum matrix composite2Granule-morphology figure；
Fig. 3 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2 500 times of aluminum matrix composite；
Fig. 4 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2 2000 times of aluminum matrix composite；
Fig. 5 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of aluminum matrix composite prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 3.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composites, including aluminum substrate and the NbB being distributed in the aluminum substrate2Enhancing
Phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase.
It include NbB in aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention2Reinforced phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase, their Dispersed precipitates are in aluminium
In matrix, NbB2There are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB between reinforced phase and aluminium base body interface2Reinforced phase is as aluminum substrate heterogeneous nucleation
Heterogeneous forming core core, aluminium base body tissue can be refined；NbAl3Reinforced phase and aluminium lattice coefficient similar, can be with aluminum substrate very
It combines well, they make aluminum matrix composite have higher hardness and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature jointly.In addition, provided by the invention
The elongation percentage of aluminum matrix composite is good and wearability is excellent.The results showed that aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention
Tensile strength: 155~280MPa (20 DEG C), 71~95MPa (360 DEG C)；Elongation percentage is 1.6%~2.0%；Hardness: 110~
160HBW(20℃)；With NbB2Reinforced phase and NbAl3The gross mass of reinforced phase accounts for 1.0wt%~12.0wt% hundred of aluminum substrate
Divide than increasing, hardness number and wearability also obviously increase.
Aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention includes aluminum substrate.In the present invention, the aluminum substrate is selected from fine aluminium or aluminium
Alloy；The aluminium alloy is made of aluminium element and alloying element.In the present invention, the alloying element is preferably selected from rare earth member
One of element, Si, Zr, Ni, Mg, Cu, Ti, Sc, Mn and B are a variety of.In certain embodiments of the present invention, the alloy member
Element is made of Si and Zr.In the present invention, mass content of the Si in aluminum matrix composite be preferably 11.0wt%~
12.5wt%, the silicon of this content can be improved the mobility of the aluminum substrate of liquid state when being in eutectic point, increase the resistance to of aluminum substrate
Mill property and intensity improve casting character.In certain embodiments of the present invention, aluminum substrate is alloy matrix aluminum, the aluminium alloy
Contain Zr element in matrix, mass content of the Zr in aluminum matrix composite is preferably 1.0wt%~2.5wt%；Zr member
Element is in NbAl3Solubility in reinforced phase is very big, generally will form Nb (AlZr)3Compound is made with excellent solution strengthening
With and dispersion-strengthened action, can be improved NbAl3And NbB2Grain refinement effect improves NbAl3The distributing homogeneity of reinforced phase.
Aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention includes NbB2Reinforced phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase；The NbB2Reinforced phase and
NbAl3The gross mass of reinforced phase preferably accounts for 1.0wt%~12.0wt% of aluminum substrate.In the present invention, the NbB2Reinforced phase and
NbAl3The molar ratio of reinforced phase is preferably 0.8~1.2:1.0, more preferably 1:1.In the present invention, the NbB2Reinforced phase
Partial size is preferably 400~600nm；The NbAl3The partial size of reinforced phase is preferably 4~6 μm；In the present invention, the NbB2Fusing point
It is 3050 DEG C, density 6.4g/cm3, NbB2Reinforced phase is granular, is in hexagon, structure is C32 type, the one of crystal grain
There is apparent growth step, lattice constant a=0311nm, c=0326nm on a or multiple surfaces.NbB2With aluminum substrate it
Between there are following orientation relationships:
NbB2//[110]Al (0111)NbB2//(002)Al；
NbB2There are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB between reinforced phase and aluminium base body interface2Reinforced phase is as the non-homogeneous shape of aluminum substrate
The heterogeneous forming core core of core, can refine aluminium base body tissue.
In the present invention, the NbAl3Fusing point be 1605 DEG C, density 4.54g/cm3, with aluminium lattice coefficient similar, energy
It is enough to be combined well with aluminum substrate.
In the present invention, the NbB2Reinforced phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase is in situ in the aluminium of melting by niobium and potassium fluoborate
It is spontaneous to obtain, specific reaction equation such as formula 1.~formula 4. shown in:
Nb+3Al→NbAl3 ①
2KBF4+3Al→AlB2+2KAlF4 ②
A1B2+NbAl3→NbB2+4Al ③
Net reaction are as follows:
2Nb+2KBF4+5Al→NbB2+NbAl3+2KF+2AlF3 ④
In the present invention, in-situ synthesis prepares NbB2And NbAl3AlB can be generated during reinforced aluminum matrix composites2
Impurity phase, due to AlB2Impurity phase is in strip and block in aluminum substrate melt more, and size is again coarseer, so will be greatly reduced multiple
The plasticity of condensation material.And NbAl3Mutually be stable heating power phase in the aluminium of melting, with react generation at a high temperature of AlB2It meets point
Solution is Al and B, decomposes the B and NbAl of generation3In conjunction with Al and NbB can be generated2Phase.
The present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of aluminum matrix composite described in above-mentioned technical proposal, comprising the following steps:
A), niobium, potassium fluoborate are mixed with the aluminium of melting, reacts, obtains aluminum matrix composite.
In the present invention, the purity of the niobium is 99at.%；The purity of the potassium fluoborate is 99.0%.In the present invention
Specific embodiment in, the niobium, potassium fluoborate are mixed with aluminum substrate specifically:
Niobium and potassium fluoborate are mixed, mixture is obtained；
Mixture and the aluminum substrate of melting are mixed, reaction obtains aluminum matrix composite.
In the present invention, the niobium is powdery, and the purity of niobium powder is preferably 99.0%.In the present invention, the fluoboric acid
The chemical formula of potassium is KBF4, potassium fluoborate is powdery, molecular weight 125.9g/mol；Density is 2.5g/cm3；Fusing point is 530
℃.In the present invention, the niobium and potassium fluoborate keep the temperature 7~9h preferably at 145 DEG C~155 DEG C, them is made to dry and mix
Uniformly.
In the present invention, the aluminium of the melting is preferably made by the following method:
Solid aluminum is heated, is melted, the aluminium melted.
Solid aluminum is preferably placed in crucible well known to those skilled in the art and heats by the present invention.The present invention preferably adopts
Ar gas is used to protect as protection gas to the aluminium surface of melting.
The aluminium of melting preferably is heated to after 900 DEG C~950 DEG C mix with mixture again by the present invention.The present invention will preferably mix
Object is closed to be added in the aluminium of melting.
The present invention preferably carries out the reactive aluminum of niobium, potassium fluoborate and melting under stirring conditions；The present invention preferably every
10min stirring is primary, so that reaction is abundant；The time reacted in the step a) is preferably 1h~3h；It is anti-in the step a)
The temperature answered is preferably 900 DEG C~950 DEG C.
In the present invention, aluminium can occur to aoxidize and generate by-product aluminium oxide at relatively high temperatures, be preferably added to ice at this time
Spar, i.e. hexafluoro sodium aluminate (Na3AlF6), it can play the role of refining to aluminum substrate, moreover it is possible to play reduction-oxidation aluminium, from
And also eliminate impurity phase Al2O3, it reacts as chemical equation is 5. shown:
2Na3AlF6+Al2O3→3Na2O+4Al+6F2 ⑤。
The present invention is preferably by Nb powder, KBF4The slag that surface is floated in the product that powder and the reactive aluminum of melting obtain is removed.
The present invention does not have special limitation to the method for removing, such as natural using reset mode well known to those skilled in the art
It volatilizees or takes off and pick up with the fingers.In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the product KAlF that above-mentioned reaction generates4、Na2O and F2It can be by above-mentioned
Mode is removed.
The present invention preferably mixes the reaction product obtained after step a) reaction and refining agent, obtains aluminum-base composite after refining
Material.Preferred carbon trichloride (the C of the present invention2Cl6) it is that refining agent carries out degasification essence to the reaction product obtained after step a) reaction
Refining；The temperature of the refining is preferably 780 DEG C~850 DEG C；The time of the refining is preferably 10~15min.
After niobium, potassium fluoborate are mixed and reacted with the aluminium of melting, reaction product is obtained, the present invention is preferably by alloying element
It mixes, keeps the temperature with the reaction product, casting obtains aluminum matrix composite.In the present invention, the temperature of the heat preservation is preferably
750 DEG C~780 DEG C, more preferably 760 DEG C；The time of the heat preservation is preferably 8~15min, more preferably 10~12min.?
In the present invention, the alloying element is preferably selected from one of rare earth element, Si, Zr, Ni, Mg, Cu, Ti, Sc, Mn or a variety of.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the alloying element is selected from Si, Zr, Cu, Mg and Ti；In certain embodiments of the present invention
In, the alloying element is selected from Si, Cu, Ni, Mg, Ti, Sc, Mn, Zr and V.
The present invention does not have special limitation to the method for casting, using placingJi Shu scheme well known to those skilled in the art
?.
The present invention provides preparation sides described in aluminum matrix composite described in a kind of above-mentioned technical proposal or above-mentioned technical proposal
The aluminum matrix composite of method preparation is preparing the application in auto parts and components.
In specific implementation of the invention, the auto parts and components are specially engine cylinder body, cylinder sleeve of engine or start
Machine piston.
The present invention carries out elevated temperature tensile to above-mentioned aluminum matrix composite using CMT-7105 type electronic universal material testing machine
The test of intensity and elongation percentage, the measurement of composite material room temperature tensile properties, the measurement of high temperature (360 DEG C) tensile property will pour
The composite sample cast processes tensile sample by national standard, and every kind of material is processed 3 samples and tested, its average value is taken to make
For the test result of composite material.Test result shows: aluminum matrix composite elevated temperature tensile with higher provided by the invention
Intensity and elongation percentage.
The present invention carries out hardness test, load 613N, pressure head to composite material using Brinell's machine's
Steel ball, load time 30s measure impression diameter d with reading microscope after unloading, the Brinell hardness of material are then checked in by d
Value.For each sample, 6 different location hardness numbers are taken, using its average value as the hardness number of composite material.To above-mentioned aluminium
Based composites carry out the test of hardness, and test result shows: aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention has excellent hardness
Value.
The present invention uses MHK-500 ring block friction wear testing machine using frictional wear experiment, and when test, ring is that matrix closes
Gold, experimental condition are as follows: revolving speed=800 rev/min, and 1 turn=0.15m, load=76N, test period 30min.To above-mentioned
Aluminum matrix composite carries out the test of wearability μ, and test result shows: aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention is with higher
Wearability.
The present invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composites, including aluminum substrate and the NbB being distributed in the aluminum substrate2Enhancing
Phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase.It include NbB in aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention2Reinforced phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase, their disperses
It is distributed in aluminum substrate, NbB2There are part symbiosis and epibiosis, NbB between reinforced phase and aluminium base body interface2Reinforced phase is non-as aluminum substrate
The heterogeneous forming core core of homogeneous nucleation refines aluminium base body tissue；NbAl3Reinforced phase and aluminium lattice coefficient similar, can be with aluminium base
Body combines well, so that aluminum matrix composite has higher hardness and Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature.In addition, aluminium base provided by the invention
The elongation percentage of composite material is good and wearability is excellent.The results showed that the tension of aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention
Intensity: 155~280MPa (20 DEG C), 71~95MPa (360 DEG C)；Elongation percentage is 1.6%~2.0%；Hardness: 110~160HBW
(20℃)；With NbB2Reinforced phase and NbAl31.0wt%~12.0wt% percentage that the gross mass of reinforced phase accounts for aluminum substrate increases
Add, hardness number and wearability also obviously increase.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, below with reference to embodiment to a kind of aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention, its
Preparation method and applications are described in detail, but they cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) by 186g Nb powder and 152g KBF4In 153 DEG C of heat preservation 8h after the abundant ball milling mixing of powder, makes it uniformly and do
It is dry；
(2) 500g fine aluminium is put into crucible and is heated, molten aluminum surface is protected using Ar gas after fusing, and will melt
The aluminium melted is heated to 930 DEG C；
(3) by Nb powder and KBF4Salt-mixture is added in aluminum melt, while being stirred using aluminium of the blender to melting:
It is every to cross 10min stirring once, continue 1h, salt-mixture and the aluminium of melting is made sufficiently to react in crucible and generate NbB2With
NbAl3, the slag for floating on the aluminium surface of melting is removed after the reaction was completed；
(4) the aluminium temperature of melting is down to 800 DEG C, investment accounts for the refining agent carbon trichloride of aluminium mass fraction 2.5%
(C2Cl6) refinery by de-gassing 12min is carried out, it is poured into mold, obtains aluminum matrix composite.
The present invention is scanned Electronic Speculum-energy spectrum analysis to obtained aluminum matrix composite, and as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, Fig. 1 is
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under 100 times of aluminum matrix composite of the preparation of the embodiment of the present invention 1, Fig. 2 are aluminium prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1
NbB under 8000 times of based composites2Granule-morphology figure.It can be seen that the microstructure morphology of sample alloy from Fig. 1 and Fig. 2,
NbB2And NbAl3It is mutually evenly distributed in pure aluminum substrate by in-situ authigenic reaction, size is small, need to observe under high power.
The present invention aluminum matrix composite that the test method prepares embodiment 1 by adopting the above technical scheme extends
Rate, hardness number, tensile strength and wearability are tested, and test result is shown in Table 1, and table 1 is prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1~3
The performance test results of aluminum matrix composite:
The performance test results (T6 heat treatment) of aluminum matrix composite prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1~3
Embodiment 2
(1) by 2450g Nb powder and 2000g KBF4In 150 DEG C of heat preservation 8.5h after the abundant ball milling mixing of powder, make it uniformly
And it is dry；
(2) 4827g fine aluminium is put into crucible and is heated, molten aluminum surface is protected using Ar gas after fusing, and will
The aluminium of melting is heated to 930 DEG C；
(3) by Nb powder and KBF4Salt-mixture is added in aluminum melt, while being stirred using aluminium of the blender to melting:
It is primary every 10min stirring, continue 1.5h, salt-mixture and the aluminium of melting is made sufficiently to react in crucible and generate NbB2With
NbAl3, the slag for floating on the aluminium surface of melting is removed after the reaction was completed；
(4) the aluminium temperature of melting is down to 780 DEG C, investment accounts for the refining agent carbon trichloride of aluminium mass fraction 2.5%
(C2Cl6) carry out refinery by de-gassing 13min；
(5) 685g Si, 165g Zr, 126g Cu, 182g Mg and 63g Ti are added into the aluminium of melting, are protected at 760 DEG C
Warm 10min stirs 10min, is poured into mold after standing, obtains aluminum matrix composite.
The present invention is scanned Electronic Speculum-energy spectrum analysis to obtained aluminum matrix composite, and as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, Fig. 3 is
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under 500 times of aluminum matrix composite of the preparation of the embodiment of the present invention 2, Fig. 4 are aluminium prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 2
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph under 2000 times of based composites, from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 it can be seen that the NbB of fabricated in situ2And NbAl3Phase is presented
Circle, the feature of hexagon, square out, are evenly distributed without apparent wedge angle, and in alloy substrate.
The present invention aluminum matrix composite that the test method prepares embodiment 2 by adopting the above technical scheme extends
Rate, hardness number, tensile strength and wearability are tested, and test result is shown in Table 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) by 3671g Nb powder and 3000g KBF4In 150 DEG C of heat preservation 8h after the abundant ball milling mixing of powder, make it uniformly simultaneously
It is dry；
(2) 6955g fine aluminium is put into crucible and is heated, molten aluminum surface is protected using Ar gas after fusing, and will
The aluminium of melting is heated to 930 DEG C；
(3) by Nb powder and KBF4Salt-mixture is added in aluminum melt, while being stirred using aluminium of the blender to melting:
It is primary every 10min stirring, continue 2h, salt-mixture and the aluminium of melting is made sufficiently to react in crucible and generate NbB2With
NbAl3, the slag for floating on the aluminium surface of melting is removed after the reaction was completed；
(4) the aluminium temperature of melting is down to 850 DEG C, investment accounts for the refining agent carbon trichloride of aluminium mass fraction 2.5%
(C2Cl6) carry out refinery by de-gassing 18min；
(5) into the aluminium of melting add 987g Si, 651g Cu, 200g Ni, 164g Mg, 163g Ti, 153g Sc,
187g Mn, 306g Zr and 180g V stir 30min, are poured into mold after standing, obtain aluminium base in 760 DEG C of heat preservation 20min
Composite material.
The present invention is scanned Electronic Speculum-energy spectrum analysis to obtained aluminum matrix composite, as shown in figure 5, Fig. 5 is the present invention
The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of aluminum matrix composite prepared by embodiment 3, as can be seen from Figure 5: matrix alloy is the conjunction of Casting Al-Si eutectic
Gold, rod-short eutectic Si and tiny blocky primary silicon grain structure are uniformly distributed, NbB2And NbAl3Reinforced phase is not rolled into a ball on a large scale
Poly- phenomenon.
The present invention aluminum matrix composite that the test method prepares embodiment 3 by adopting the above technical scheme extends
Rate, hardness number, tensile strength and wearability are tested, and test result is shown in Table 1.
As seen from the above embodiment, it the present invention provides a kind of aluminum matrix composite, including aluminum substrate and is distributed in described
NbB in aluminum substrate2Reinforced phase and NbAl3Reinforced phase.It include NbB in aluminum matrix composite provided by the invention2Reinforced phase and
NbAl3Reinforced phase, their Dispersed precipitates are in aluminum substrate, NbB2There are part symbiosis and epibiosis between reinforced phase and aluminium base body interface,
NbB2Heterogeneous forming core core of the reinforced phase as aluminum substrate heterogeneous nucleation refines aluminium base body tissue；NbAl3Reinforced phase and aluminium are brilliant
Lattice coefficient similar can be combined well with aluminum substrate, so that aluminum matrix composite elongation percentage with higher.In addition, this hair
The aluminum matrix composite of bright offer is corrosion-resistant, high temperature resistant and wearability are good.The results showed that aluminum-base composite provided by the invention
The tensile strength of material:: 155~280MPa (20 DEG C), 71~95MPa (360 DEG C)；Elongation percentage is 1.6%~2.0%；Hardness:
110~160HBW (20 DEG C)；With NbB2Reinforced phase and NbAl3The gross mass of reinforced phase account for the 1.0wt% of aluminum substrate~
12.0wt% percentage increases, and hardness number and wearability also obviously increase.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of aluminum matrix composite, is made by following methods:
(1) by 3671g Nb powder and 3000g KBF4In 150 DEG C of heat preservation 8h after the abundant ball milling mixing of powder, keep it uniformly and dry；
(2) 6955g fine aluminium is put into crucible and is heated, molten aluminum surface is protected using Ar gas after fusing, and will melting
Aluminium be heated to 930 DEG C；
(3) by Nb powder and KBF4Salt-mixture is added in aluminum melt, while being stirred using aluminium of the blender to melting: every
10min stirring is primary, continues 2h, salt-mixture and the aluminium of melting is made sufficiently to react in crucible and generate NbB2And NbAl3, instead
The slag for floating on the aluminium surface of melting should be removed after the completion；
(4) the aluminium temperature of melting is down to 850 DEG C, investment accounts for the refining agent carbon trichloride (C of aluminium mass fraction 2.5%2Cl6) into
Row refinery by de-gassing 18min；
(5) 987g Si, 651g Cu, 200g Ni, 164g Mg, 163g Ti, 153g Sc, 187g are added into the aluminium of melting
Mn, 306g Zr and 180g V stir 30min, are poured into mold after standing, obtain aluminum-base composite material in 760 DEG C of heat preservation 20min
Material.
2. aluminum matrix composite described in a kind of claim 1 is preparing the application in auto parts and components.
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| CN107254610A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-10-17 | 吉林大学 | Raw nano-sized particles reinforced aluminium alloy material preparation method in a kind of |
| CN109930094A (en) * | 2017-12-17 | 2019-06-25 | 宜兴安纳西智能机械设备有限公司 | A kind of battery conveying device U-shaped blocking strip material |
| CN108251675B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-04-03 | 上海大学 | Al-Ti-Nb-B refiner for casting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN109536783B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-07-17 | 宁波铭发汽车部件有限公司 | Go up hydroecium |
| CN109402426A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-01 | 宝鸡长征金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of fine grain three-element catalytic vacuum melting TiAl target |
| DE102020205193A1 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2020-11-19 | Mahle International Gmbh | Process for producing an engine component, engine component and the use of an aluminum alloy |
| CN114836646B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-09-26 | 湖南江滨机器（集团）有限责任公司 | Aluminum-based composite material containing niobium diboride and aluminum niobate reinforcing phase, preparation method thereof and engine piston |
| CN114807659B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2023-04-18 | 湖南江滨机器（集团）有限责任公司 | Aluminum-based composite material containing titanium diboride and niobium diboride, preparation method thereof and diesel engine piston |
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| US4915903A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1990-04-10 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Process for forming composites having an intermetallic containing matrix |
| CN102239272A (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2011-11-09 | 魁北克水电公司 | Composite materials for wettable cathodes and use thereof for aluminium production |
| CN103370429A (en) * | 2011-02-18 | 2013-10-23 | 布鲁内尔大学 | Method of refining metal alloys |
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| US4915903A (en) * | 1984-10-19 | 1990-04-10 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Process for forming composites having an intermetallic containing matrix |
| CN102239272A (en) * | 2008-10-02 | 2011-11-09 | 魁北克水电公司 | Composite materials for wettable cathodes and use thereof for aluminium production |
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