CN106534897B - Method and device for broadcasting, sending and transmitting multi-program video stream based on WiFi mode - Google Patents
Method and device for broadcasting, sending and transmitting multi-program video stream based on WiFi mode Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
- H04H60/76—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems other than for broadcast, e.g. the Internet
- H04H60/81—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems other than for broadcast, e.g. the Internet characterised by the transmission system itself
- H04H60/90—Wireless transmission systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
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- H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
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- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
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- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
- H04N21/262—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
- H04N21/26208—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists the scheduling operation being performed under constraints
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for broadcasting, sending and transmitting a multi-program video stream based on a WiFi mode. The encapsulated packet is determined by a destination address associated with the broadcast delivery mode and the address is a broadcast address directed to the subnet. Finally, the video multi-program IP packet data stream is transmitted in a broadcast mode at the broadcast address and port. In this way, a large number of ordinary user terminals APP can receive video data transmitted from the broadcast port. The invention not only can accommodate mass users in a limited range area and access the system at the same time, but also can ensure the transmission and playing of high-definition video.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of multimedia information transmission, in particular to a method and a device for broadcasting, sending and transmitting a multi-program video stream based on a WiFi mode.
Background
Because the existing wireless WiFi communication system can only accommodate video data transmission of less than 32 users at the same time, there is often a problem of multi-user competing channels in the process of transmitting data, so that the transmission of multi-user high-definition video data streams cannot be satisfied. Under the condition of increasing mass consumption demands, the requirement of simultaneously transmitting and playing high-definition videos by multiple multi-user programs cannot be met at all.
To solve this problem, a method is currently adopted to manage the channel contention of users and reduce the interference between users. The method requires reducing interference from an algorithm level to increase the number of access users. However, in a limited area, there are often multiple users, even up to the need for thousands and tens of thousands of users to access at the same time, which not only requires a greater cost in terms of computational complexity; and the number of access users and the number of programs need to be increased from the physical algorithm level, so that the method is useless. Although the error rate can be reduced by increasing the bandwidth, so as to reduce the probability of retransmission of the system communication, the dependence on bandwidth resources is serious.
Therefore, in the case of simultaneously accessing a large number of common user terminals into a multimedia wireless WiFi system such as a digital television, an effective multi-program video data transmission mechanism needs to be provided. So as to meet the high-definition playing and experience of more and more common user multi-program videos.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for broadcasting, sending and transmitting a multi-program video stream based on a WiFi mode, which can not only accommodate mass users in a limited range area and access a system at the same time, but also ensure the transmission and playing of high-definition videos.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method for broadcasting, sending and transmitting the multi-program video stream based on the WiFi mode comprises the following steps:
step 1, multiplexing the multi-path program data stream into a multi-path program IP data stream;
step 2, distributing the multi-program IP data stream;
step 2.1, after obtaining the IP data stream of multiple programs, processing each IP packet according to the sequence label;
step 2.2, detecting the rate of each code stream, dividing the multi-program IP data stream into a group of data streams according to the code stream rate of each program, determining the number of IP packets in each data group according to the communication condition and the corresponding code stream rate, namely determining the length of the data group according to the propagation condition, and determining the number of IP packets in each data group according to the rate of each program stream;
step 2.3, the multiplexing multi-program IP package is obtained after the data grouping and is packaged into an MPTS, and the data numbered by the MPTS is used for converting the UDP port number of the video program of each path;
and 2.4, interleaving the data group.
Step 3, using the broadcast address pointing to the subnet to determine the destination address of the multi-program IP data stream, and sending the multi-program IP packet to the broadcast address of the link layer;
step 4, the carrier WiFi equipment transmits a multi-program IP data stream to the broadcast address and the port in a multi-program IP packet mode by using a broadcast mode;
step 5, configuring the AP and determining the transmission rate of the broadcast frame according to the channel condition and the user terminal;
and 6, receiving the multi-program IP data stream by the user terminal with the WiFi receiving function.
In the step 4, the data is transmitted using 802.11g and n series protocols.
The device for broadcasting, transmitting and transmitting the multi-program video stream based on the WiFi mode comprises a transmitting end and a user terminal, wherein the transmitting end comprises a multimedia synthesis controller and a broadcasting module;
the multimedia synthesis controller multiplexes the multi-path program data stream into a multi-path program IP data stream and distributes the multi-path program IP data stream;
the broadcasting module is used for determining the destination address of the multi-program IP data stream by using the broadcasting address pointing to the subnet and transmitting the datagram to the broadcasting address of the link layer; the carrier WiFi equipment transmits a multi-program IP data stream in the form of a multi-program IP packet to the broadcast address and the port in a broadcast mode; according to the channel condition and the user terminal, configuring the AP and determining the transmission rate of the broadcast frame;
and the user terminal has a WiFi receiving function and receives the multi-program IP data stream.
In the above scheme, the multimedia composition controller comprises an encoder and a distributor;
an encoder multiplexing the multi-program data stream into a multi-program IP data stream;
and the distributor performs distribution processing on the multi-program IP data stream.
In the above scheme, the distributor comprises a label module, a grouping module, an encapsulation module and an interleaving module;
the marking module is used for marking each IP packet according to the sequence after obtaining the multi-program IP data stream;
the grouping module detects the rate of each code stream, divides the multi-program IP data stream into a group of data streams according to the code stream rate of each program, determines the number of the IP packets of each data group according to the communication condition and the corresponding code stream rate, namely, determines the length of the data group according to the propagation condition, and determines the number of the IP packets in each data group according to the rate of each program stream;
the encapsulation module encapsulates the multiplexed multi-program IP packets obtained after the data packets into an MPTS, and converts the data numbered by the MPTS into UDP port numbers of video programs of each path;
and the interleaving module is used for interleaving the data group.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
firstly, the multi-user and multi-program simultaneous receiving of the wireless WiFi video transmission and receiving playing system can be realized, and the high-definition playing of the video can be ensured.
Secondly, because the video data is transmitted in a broadcasting mode, the problem of congestion and blockage of data transmission does not exist, and the speed of data transmission can be ensured when a large number of user terminals simultaneously receive the system video data, so that the requirement of playing multi-program video by multi-user terminals in a certain area is met.
Third, there is no feedback of user terminal communication information, so there is no multi-user channel contention problem.
Fourth, the WiFi system uses the broadcast mode to transmit video data, is not limited by bandwidth resources, and therefore the practical application field of the WiFi technology is improved.
Fifth, the broadcast mode is used for transmitting data, feedback is not generated, the probability of repeated retransmission and low speed of a competition mechanism are reduced, the method can be suitable for universal mobile phone terminals with various performances, and can accommodate simultaneous access of a large number of users, so that the method ensures stable throughput and speed and stronger anti-interference performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of broadcast transmitting and transmitting a multi-program video stream based on WiFi.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a TS stream, an IP stream, and a data packet of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a broadcast-based data transmission implementation principle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: first, the video data stream is subjected to error correction, marking, adaptive grouping, interleaving, and the like in the multimedia network composition processor, and then the data stream is encapsulated according to the 802.11 frame format. The encapsulated packet is determined by a destination address associated with the broadcast delivery mode and the address is a broadcast address directed to the subnet. Finally, the video multi-program IP packet data stream is sent to the broadcast address and port in a broadcast mode. In this way, a large number of ordinary user terminals APP can receive video data transmitted from the broadcast port. See fig. 1. Specifically, a method for broadcasting, sending and transmitting a multi-program video stream based on a WiFi mode comprises the following steps:
and step A, distributing the multi-channel program data stream.
We handle a multi-program video stream comprising multiple multiplexed TS (Transport stream) streams, i.e
Where N is the total number of tracks of TS data stream, s i Is the ith program data stream, κ i Is a scale factor. A multiplexed TS stream can be formed based on equation (1). And the single program TS stream is composed of one set of programs, if the programs are multiple sets of programs, the programs are multiplexed into one path of TS stream, such as R in the formula (1).
Each ethernet frame E m A video stream containing K TS packets, and possibly multiple programs, one TS packet being 188 bytes in size. Can be represented by the following formula
Here, the
Here N k The number of program streams in the TS packets varies with the actual code stream rate. s is(s) i Is the i-th program stream.
We convert the multi-program TS stream into a multi-program IP (Internet protocol, IP) stream. In detail, one data frame here carries one IP packet, and one IP packet is a frame of all or part of information in one audio-video program. In order to increase the data transmission rate and bandwidth of a wireless communication system and to reduce the computational load of a distribution processor, we convert a video multi-program TS stream into a video stream in the form of multiplexed multi-program IP packets. The conversion into a video data stream in the form of multiplexed multi-program IP packets allows the wireless WiFi communication system to transmit data in the form of IP packets, using broadcast mode to transmit video data.
That is, according to the multi-program TS stream format, we will stream each path of data s i Multiplexing into multiple program IP packets according to program stream rate size can be expressed as
Here, there are 7 TS packets of the same or different programs (one TS packet length is 188 bytes) within one multi-program IP packet, as shown in fig. 2. An IP packet is a frame of all or part of information in an audio-video program. In particular, the program content of the data IP packet is determined according to the communication condition, so that the bandwidth space can be reasonably allocated according to the quality of the communication environment, and the bandwidth utilization rate of the system can be improved.
After the multi-program IP data stream is obtained, each IP packet is processed in order of labels. Then, the rate of each code stream is detected. The multi-program IP data stream is divided into a group of data streams according to the code stream rate of each program. The number of IP packets per data group is determined by the communication condition and the corresponding code stream rate, and different code stream rates are assigned different numbers of IP packets as in fig. 2. After the data packets, a multiplexed multi-program IP packet is obtained. The Multi-program IP data stream is then encapsulated into one MPTS (Multi-program transport stream, MPTS) over UDP using a 2M small buffer. And the MSTP has its own data segment number, each data segment is numbered from 0 to 65535 in cycles with the MSTP. The UDP port number of each path of video program is converted by using the data numbered by MPTS. Here, each program stream has its own port number, and the TS packets in each program stream have their own numbers. The marking process is to distinguish each set of program stream TS packets, so that the following adaptive packet processing is convenient for the data stream.
And then interleaving the data group to improve the anti-interference performance of the communication system. In the media composition controller, video data is subjected to processing such as error correction, marking, adaptive grouping, and interleaving. The data is then encapsulated in the 802.11 frame format. This is primarily to enable transmission and reception of video data in wireless communication systems within limited coverage.
According to the interleaved packet multi-program IP data stream, each program data stream can be distributed to a plurality of ports because each program has a respective port number. Thus, the receiving efficiency and the receiving performance of the user terminal are improved, and the smoothness of video transmission and playing is ensured. Each program stream corresponds to a port number, and the client terminal can conveniently select to receive each program stream and play the program stream.
And B, determining the multi-program IP data stream by using the broadcast address pointing to the subnet.
Wireless communication systems based on the 802.11 protocol suite typically use half-duplex communication schemes. In a live video system, a large number of users often access simultaneously. For half duplex communication, congestion and congestion occur as the number of access users increases. According to the data stream obtained by the data distribution processing in the above steps, we use a broadcasting mode to transmit data. The advantage of transmitting data in a broadcast mode is that the user terminal is not required to feed back information to the transmitting end. Thus, the congestion and blockage phenomenon of information transmission are greatly reduced. Thus, the wireless WiFi system can accommodate massive users and programs to be received and played simultaneously.
In order to realize the multi-user simultaneous access system, the data packet obtained in the step A is received and played in high definition, and the data packet is determined by using the broadcast address pointing to the subnet. That is, the IP is determined by a destination address, which is a broadcast address directed to the subnet, and then transmits the datagram to a broadcast address of the link layer. The purpose is to send a packetized multi-program IP data stream using broadcast frames.
And C, transmitting the multi-program IP data stream to the broadcast address and the port by using a broadcast mode.
Multiple ports are used to transmit data out in live transmission form simultaneously with multiple program streams. The method mainly uses the sequential data group as in fig. 2 to send the multi-program IP packets one by one, so that a plurality of common user terminals APP can conveniently, simply and smoothly play videos.
In detail, the data packet obtained in the step B is transmitted to the broadcast address and port in a broadcast manner. In detail, we broadcast the encapsulated video data set to a broadcast address and port. Wherein, the broadcast mode (i.e. simplex) transmission is transmitted in the form of a multi-program IP packet, and one multi-program IP packet has a maximum value of 1472 bytes. For the case of multiple program streams, each program has its own port number, i.e., each program is distinguished by a port number. Here the port number of one dispenser is 8001 to 800N. One distributor can realize that more than or equal to 8 program TS streams are transmitted simultaneously.
To improve broadcast transmission performance, we use a carrier class WiFi device, such as 802.11g, n-series protocols, to send data. This may ensure coverage of the wireless WiFi communication system.
In the 802.11 family of protocols, broadcast frames are typically used to transmit management and control information, which is a NACK mechanism. The transmission of data using broadcast frames is therefore not a reliable transfer and is not typically used for data transmission. Furthermore, the rate of broadcast transmission data is low, and the maximum rate of broadcast frames in a general WiFi device defaults to 1Mbps. To increase its rate, an AP (Access point) may be configured with a broadcast rate to increase the transmission rate, and an AP at the carrier level may be configured to increase to 36Mbps.
Because the broadcast rate can be changed according to different users and communication environments, the wireless communication system can realize:
1) Support different users to receive different data rates;
2) The same terminal has different negotiated rates under different conditions, so that the anti-interference performance of the system and the bandwidth utilization rate can be improved.
And D, the common mobile user terminal receives the multi-program IP data stream.
Multiple user terminals may receive the multi-program video data stream transmitted from the broadcast port. Because the broadcast frames are used to transmit video data, no user terminal feedback information is required. Thus, congestion and congestion of information transfer are reduced, and channel bandwidth is saved. Because the transmitting end only transmits data and does not receive feedback information, the wireless WiFi communication system can accommodate a large number of mobile user terminals to simultaneously receive and play videos.
In addition, because the user terminal does not need to feed back information to the transmitting end, in the area with weak coverage signals of the wireless WiFi communication system, the user terminal can be ensured to receive and smoothly play the high-definition video.
Because the data is sent by using a broadcasting mode, the method can be suitable for universal mobile phone terminals with various performances at a receiving end. The application range of the system and various application groups are improved, and a simple and effective technical scheme is provided for the popularization and development of the 802.11 technology.
An apparatus for broadcasting, transmitting and transmitting a multi-program video stream based on a WiFi mode, as shown in FIG. 3, comprises a transmitting end and a user terminal, wherein the transmitting end comprises a multimedia composition controller and a broadcasting module.
The multimedia composition controller includes an encoder and a distributor
And an encoder multiplexing the multi-program data stream into a multi-program IP data stream.
And the distributor performs distribution processing on the multi-program IP data stream. The distributor comprises a label module, a grouping module, an encapsulation module and an interleaving module.
And the marking module is used for marking each IP packet according to the sequence after obtaining the multi-program IP data stream.
And the grouping module is used for detecting the speed of each code stream and dividing the multi-program IP data stream into a group of data streams according to the code stream speed of each program, wherein the number of the IP packets of each data group is determined by the communication condition and the corresponding code stream speed.
And the encapsulation module encapsulates the multiplexed multi-program IP packets obtained after the data packets into an MPTS, and converts the UDP port numbers of the video programs of each path by using the data numbered by the MPTS.
And the interleaving module is used for interleaving the data group.
And the broadcasting module is used for determining the destination address of the multi-program IP data stream by using the broadcasting address pointing to the subnet and transmitting the datagram to the broadcasting address of the link layer. The carrier-grade WiFi device transmits the multi-program IP data stream in the form of multi-program IP packets to the broadcast address and port in a broadcast mode. And configuring the AP and determining the transmission rate of the broadcast frame according to the channel condition and the user terminal.
And the user terminal has a WiFi receiving function and receives the multi-program IP data stream.
The present invention encapsulates the data packet using the 802.11n data frame format. In the 802.11 family of protocols, broadcast frames are typically used to transmit management and control information, which is a NACK mechanism. Therefore, transmitting data using broadcast frames is an unreliable transfer and is not typically used for data transmission. Based on the 802.11 protocol suite, we propose a technique for transmitting a video data stream using a broadcast mode, referred to as broadcast-based transmission of multiple program video data.
The working process of the device is as follows:
in the first step, the video data is subjected to processing such as error correction, interleaving, and marking in the media composition controller. And then encapsulated in the 802.11n frame format. What is output by the encoder is a multiplexed multi-program TS stream(s). The single program TS stream is composed of one program, and then the programs are multiplexed into one TS stream. Then, a one-way multiplexed multi-program TS stream is formed, and the TS stream herein is converted into multi-program IP packets. Furthermore, each ethernet frame contains 7 TS packets, and possibly video streams of multiple programs, one TS packet being 188 bytes in size.
And secondly, in order to realize the simultaneous access of multiple users to the system, receiving the multi-program video and high-definition playing, and determining the encapsulated multi-program IP data packet by using a broadcasting address pointing to a subnet.
And thirdly, according to the IP data packet of the second step, the IP data packet is sent to the broadcast address and port in a broadcast mode, and the port number used in the method is 172.16.0.255.
And fourthly, configuring the AP and determining the transmission rate of the broadcast frame according to the channel condition and the user terminal, wherein the highest rate which is configured by the user terminal reaches 35mbps.
Fifth, APP (mobile user terminal) of a plurality of user terminals can receive video data transmitted from the broadcast port.
The present embodiment is implemented on an embedded system using programming in the C language. After the broadcast transmission mode technology is used, testing the digital television live broadcast system. The bit error rate of the digital television live broadcast system can be reduced to 2.87e-4. Therefore, practice proves that the video data is broadcast and sent based on the WiFi mode, and the data transmission speed and quality can be improved while the number of users accessing the system at the same time is greatly increased. Therefore, the invention not only can improve the throughput and the speed of the system, but also can greatly improve the number of universal mobile user terminals which are simultaneously accessed into the system under the condition of ensuring the transmission speed and the quality of the multi-program video data.
The above embodiments are only specific examples for further detailed description of the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention; the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the scope of the present disclosure are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for broadcasting, sending and transmitting the multi-program video stream based on the WiFi mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, multiplexing the multi-path program data stream into a multi-path program IP data stream;
step 2, distributing the multi-program IP data stream; namely:
step 2.1, after obtaining the IP data stream of multiple programs, processing each IP packet according to the sequence label;
step 2.2, detecting the rate of each code stream, dividing the multi-program IP data stream into a group of data streams according to the code stream rate of each program, determining the number of IP packets in each data group according to the communication condition and the corresponding code stream rate, namely determining the length of the data group according to the propagation condition, and determining the number of IP packets in each data group according to the rate of each program stream;
step 2.3, encapsulating the multiplexed multi-program IP packet obtained after the data packet into an MPTS, and converting the UDP port number of the video program of each path by using the data numbered by the MPTS;
step 2.4, interweaving the data group;
step 3, using the broadcast address pointing to the subnet to determine the destination address of the multi-program IP data stream, and sending the multi-program IP packet to the broadcast address of the link layer;
step 4, the carrier WiFi equipment transmits a multi-program IP data stream to the broadcast address and the port in a multi-program IP packet mode by using a broadcast mode;
step 5, configuring the AP and determining the transmission rate of the broadcast frame according to the channel condition and the user terminal;
and 6, receiving the multi-program IP data stream by the user terminal with the WiFi receiving function.
2. The method for broadcast transmission and transmission of a multi-program video stream based on WiFi as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 4, data is transmitted using 802.11g, n-series protocols.
3. The device for broadcasting, transmitting and transmitting the multi-program video stream based on the WiFi mode for realizing the method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising a transmitting end and a user terminal, wherein the transmitting end comprises a multimedia composition controller and a broadcasting module;
the multimedia synthesis controller multiplexes the multi-path program data stream into a multi-path program IP data stream and distributes the multi-path program IP data stream; wherein the multimedia composition controller comprises an encoder and a distributor;
an encoder multiplexing the multi-program data stream into a multi-program IP data stream;
a distributor for distributing the multi-program IP data stream; the distributor comprises a label module, a grouping module, an encapsulation module and an interleaving module;
the marking module is used for marking each IP packet according to the sequence after obtaining the multi-program IP data stream;
the grouping module detects the rate of each code stream, divides the multi-program IP data stream into a group of data streams according to the code stream rate of each program, determines the number of the IP packets of each data group according to the communication condition and the corresponding code stream rate, namely, determines the length of the data group according to the propagation condition, and determines the number of the IP packets in each data group according to the rate of each program stream;
the encapsulation module encapsulates the multiplexed multi-program IP packets obtained after the data packets into an MPTS, and converts the data numbered by the MPTS into UDP port numbers of video programs of each path;
an interleaving module for interleaving the data group;
the broadcasting module is used for determining a destination address of the multi-program IP data stream by using the broadcasting address pointing to the subnet and transmitting the multi-program IP packet to the broadcasting address of the link layer; the carrier WiFi equipment transmits a multi-program IP data stream in the form of a multi-program IP packet to the broadcast address and the port in a broadcast mode; according to the channel condition and the user terminal, configuring the AP and determining the transmission rate of the broadcast frame;
and the user terminal has a WiFi receiving function and receives the multi-program IP data stream.
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