CN106442734B - Acoustic spectrum nondestructive detection device and detection method for small irregular castings - Google Patents
Acoustic spectrum nondestructive detection device and detection method for small irregular castings Download PDFInfo
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- CN106442734B CN106442734B CN201610876637.6A CN201610876637A CN106442734B CN 106442734 B CN106442734 B CN 106442734B CN 201610876637 A CN201610876637 A CN 201610876637A CN 106442734 B CN106442734 B CN 106442734B
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/12—Analysing solids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
A sound spectrum nondestructive testing device and a testing method for small irregular castings, the device comprises a base, wherein a stand column is arranged on the base, a fixed block is sleeved on the stand column, the fixed block is fixedly connected with a horizontal clamp, and the tail end of the clamp is provided with a clamping part; one side of the clamping part is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic excitation source, and an acoustic transducer is arranged on the base below the other side. During detection, the standard qualified casting and the casting to be detected are sequentially clamped in the clamping part of the clamp, a piezoelectric ceramic excitation source at one side of the clamping part is driven to vibrate and emit sound waves, an acoustic transducer on the base receives an audio signal transmitted by air, the audio signal is transmitted to the upper computer through the interface device by the controller, a standard resonance sound spectrum and a resonance sound spectrum to be detected are respectively formed, the resonance frequency of the resonance sound spectrum to be detected is compared with the resonance frequency of the standard resonance sound spectrum, and if the resonance frequency is consistent, the casting to be detected is qualified; if the resonance frequencies are inconsistent, the castings to be tested are not qualified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, in particular to a sound spectrum nondestructive testing device and a sound spectrum nondestructive testing method for a small irregular casting.
Background
Nondestructive testing is a detection means that does not damage or affect the future performance and use of the workpiece. Defects in the material or workpiece can be found through nondestructive testing, so that loss caused by using a defective workpiece is avoided.
Nondestructive testing techniques include X-ray methods, infrared methods, acoustic methods, magnetic particle testing methods, liquid permeation methods, eddy current methods, and the like. However, for small castings with irregular internal structures, the method has inherent limitations, such as large volume, slow detection speed and high cost of devices used in the X-ray method; eddy current methods are commonly used for non-destructive inspection of conductive materials, but only detect surface or near-surface defects; the common ultrasonic flaw detection method is commonly used for nondestructive flaw detection of large-sized components, and the flaw is measured by utilizing the time difference or the phase of ultrasonic echo, but the method is difficult to apply to small castings with irregular internal structures, and has the problems of low detection speed and high detection device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small irregular casting sound spectrum nondestructive testing device which is simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost and accurate in measurement result.
The invention further aims to provide a sound spectrum nondestructive testing method for the small irregular castings, which is simple and feasible in operation, clear in measurement process and accurate in measurement result.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A sound spectrum nondestructive testing device for small irregular castings comprises a flat base, wherein a vertical upright post is arranged on the base, a fixed block is sleeved on the upright post and fixedly connected with a horizontal clamp, and the tail end of the clamp is provided with a clamping part; one side of the clamping part is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic excitation source, and an acoustic transducer is arranged on the base below the other side.
Furthermore, the base and the upright post are both coated by sound-absorbing rubber.
Further, a sound absorbing material is arranged between the acoustic transducer and the base.
Furthermore, the sound spectrum nondestructive testing device for the small irregular castings also comprises an upper computer, a controller and an interface device; the upper computer is connected with the controller through the interface device, the output end of the acoustic transducer is connected with the input end of the interface device, the interface device is interconnected with the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected with the input end of the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source.
Further, the fixing block is slidably arranged on the upright post, and the position of the fixing block is fixed through the positioning device.
The sound spectrum nondestructive testing method for the small irregular castings is carried out by using the nondestructive testing device and comprises the following steps of:
A. Clamping a standard qualified casting into a clamping part of a clamp, sending a test instruction by an upper computer, and outputting a control signal by a controller to drive a piezoelectric ceramic excitation source at one side of the clamping part;
B. The qualified castings vibrate and emit sound waves under excitation, an acoustic transducer on the base receives an audio signal transmitted by air, and the audio signal is transmitted to the upper computer through the controller and the interface device to form a standard resonance sound spectrum and record;
C. Then clamping the casting to be tested into the clamping part of the clamp, and sending out a test instruction again by the upper computer, and outputting a control signal again by the controller to drive the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source at one side of the clamping part;
D. the casting to be tested generates vibration and emits sound waves under excitation, an acoustic transducer on the base receives an audio signal transmitted by air, and the audio signal is transmitted to the upper computer through the interface device by the controller again to form and record a resonance sound spectrum to be tested;
E. Comparing the resonance frequency of the resonance sound spectrum to be detected with the resonance frequency of the standard resonance sound spectrum, and judging that the casting to be detected is qualified by the upper computer if the resonance frequency is consistent; if the resonance frequencies are inconsistent, the upper computer judges that the casting to be detected is unqualified.
Further, the step a includes:
A1. The controller initializes:
initializing a digital signal processing chip: initializing a clock, IO, UART and I2C signals; reading control parameters and system settings in the EEPROM;
A2. binding parameters: the digital signal processing chip reads the control and filtering parameters in the upper computer through a UART bus and binds the control and filtering parameters into a system variable structure body;
A3. waiting for the serial port to receive an interrupt: setting an interrupt vector table, enabling the serial port to interrupt, and enabling the digital signal processing serial port buffer area to receive the interrupt;
A4. and (3) detection: the digital signal processing chip picks up the acoustic signals detected by the acoustic transducer through the AD module;
A5. Drive output: the digital signal processing chip outputs a PWM control signal, and the PWM power amplification unit amplifies the PWM signal to drive the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source.
Further, the step C includes:
C1. The controller initializes:
initializing a digital signal processing chip: initializing a clock, IO, UART and I2C signals; reading control parameters and system settings in the EEPROM;
C2. binding parameters: the digital signal processing chip reads the control and filtering parameters in the upper computer through a UART bus and binds the control and filtering parameters into a system variable structure body;
C3. waiting for the serial port to receive an interrupt: setting an interrupt vector table, enabling the serial port to interrupt, and enabling the digital signal processing serial port buffer area to receive the interrupt;
C4. And (3) detection: the digital signal processing chip picks up the acoustic signals detected by the acoustic transducer through the AD module;
C5. drive output: the digital signal processing chip outputs a PWM control signal, and the PWM power amplification unit amplifies the PWM signal to drive the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source.
Further, the interface device comprises an isolated RS422 and RS232 communication interface.
Further, the digital signal processing chip is 32 bits.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention uses the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source to carry out sweep frequency excitation on the small irregular castings, picks up the acoustic frequency generated by the castings through the acoustic transducer, and compares the acoustic frequency with the sound spectrum of the standard castings without defects, thereby identifying the castings with defects.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for the sound spectrum nondestructive detection of the small irregular castings.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a control system of the device for the sound spectrum nondestructive testing of small irregular castings according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a control system of the small irregular casting sound spectrum nondestructive testing device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a PWM power amplifier module of the sound spectrum nondestructive testing device for the small irregular castings.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and beneficial effects of the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiment and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a small irregular casting sound spectrum nondestructive testing device, which comprises a flat base 1, wherein a vertical upright post 2 is arranged on the base 1, a fixed block 3 is sleeved on the upright post 2, the fixed block 3 is fixedly connected with a horizontal clamp 4, and the tail end of the clamp 4 is provided with a clamping part 5 for clamping a workpiece 8. The fixing block 3 is slidably arranged on the upright post 2, and can adjust the vertical height of the fixing block and fix the position through a positioning device. One side of the clamping part 5 is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic excitation source 6, and the base 1 below the other side is provided with an acoustic transducer 7. The piezoelectric ceramic excitation source 6 and the clamping part 5 of the clamp 4 are directly and rigidly connected, so that the vibration can be well conducted. Preferably, the base 1 and the upright post 2 are both coated by sound-absorbing rubber, so that sound waves conducted through the solid can be attenuated to the greatest extent. In addition, a sound absorbing material is arranged between the acoustic transducer 7 and the base 1, only sound waves conducted through air are picked up, and interference of sound waves conducted by solid is reduced to the greatest extent.
The sound spectrum nondestructive testing device for the small irregular castings further comprises an upper computer, a controller and an interface device. The upper computer is connected with the controller through the interface device, the output end of the acoustic transducer 7 is connected with the input end of the interface device, the interface device is interconnected with the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected with the input end of the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper computer sends an instruction to the control module through the interface module, the output end of the sensor module is connected with the input end of the interface module, and the interface module is interconnected with the control module; the output end of the control module is connected with the input end of the excitation output module, and the output end of the excitation output module is connected with the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source 6. The control module comprises a DSP (data processor, data processing chip), wherein the DSP is 32 bits and is used for carrying out acoustic signal acquisition and excitation signal output control, and the DSP is controlled by an upper computer in the measuring process, carries out real-time adjustment control, filtering parameters and system setting and stores the parameters in an EEPROM. The interface module includes isolated RS422 and RS232 communication interfaces. The sensor module includes an acoustic transducer 7, an instrumentation amplifier unit, and an AD conversion module. The excitation output module comprises a piezoelectric ceramic excitation source 6 and a power amplification module.
When the sound spectrum nondestructive detection device for the small irregular castings is used for nondestructive detection, resonance sound spectrum of castings of a certain model is collected by the device. And then the casting to be tested is clamped on the clamping part 5 of the clamp 4, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the upper computer sends out a test instruction, the DSP outputs a PWM control signal, the PWM power amplification unit amplifies the PWM signal of the DSP to drive the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source 6, the casting to be tested can vibrate and emit sound waves under excitation, the acoustic transducer 7 positioned on the device base 1 receives an audio signal transmitted through air, and the audio signal is sent to the upper computer through the interface device by the DSP through the amplification and AD conversion module of the acquisition module.
If the test workpiece is a perfect workpiece, the resonance peaks of the collected spectrogram signals are matched with the resonance frequency of the standard casting; if the test piece contains defects such as air holes and cracks, the sound spectrum of the test piece can deviate from the standard sound spectrum obviously, and the upper computer can give an abnormal prompt to the test piece.
The invention also provides a sound spectrum nondestructive testing method for the small irregular castings, which is carried out by using the nondestructive testing device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. And clamping the standard qualified casting into a clamping part 5 of the clamp 4, sending a test instruction by the upper computer, and outputting a control signal by the controller to drive a piezoelectric ceramic excitation source 6 at one side of the clamping part 5.
B. The qualified casting produces vibration and emits sound waves under excitation, an acoustic transducer 7 on the base 1 receives an audio signal transmitted by air, and the audio signal is transmitted to the upper computer through the interface device by the controller to form a standard resonance sound spectrum and recorded.
C. And then the casting to be tested is clamped in the clamping part 5 of the clamp 4, the upper computer sends out a test instruction again, and the controller outputs a control signal again to drive the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source 6 at one side of the clamping part 5.
D. The casting to be tested generates vibration and emits sound waves under excitation, an acoustic transducer 7 on the base 1 receives an audio signal transmitted by air, and the audio signal is transmitted to the upper computer through the interface device by the controller again to form and record a resonance sound spectrum to be tested.
E. and comparing the resonance frequency of the to-be-detected resonance sound spectrum with the resonance frequency of the standard resonance sound spectrum, and judging that the to-be-detected casting is qualified by the upper computer if the resonance frequency is consistent. If the resonance frequencies are inconsistent, the upper computer judges that the casting to be detected is unqualified.
The step A specifically comprises the following steps:
A1. The controller initializes:
initializing a digital signal processing chip: clock, IO, UART, and I2C signals are initialized. And reading control parameters and system settings in the EEPROM.
A2. binding parameters: the digital signal processing chip reads the control and filtering parameters in the upper computer through the UART bus and binds the control and filtering parameters into the system variable structure.
A3. waiting for the serial port to receive an interrupt: setting an interrupt vector table, enabling the serial port to interrupt, and enabling the digital signal processing serial port buffer area to receive the interrupt.
A4. And (3) detection: the digital signal processing chip picks up the acoustic signals detected by the acoustic transducer through the AD module.
A5. drive output: the digital signal processing chip outputs a PWM control signal, and the PWM power amplification unit amplifies the PWM signal to drive the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source.
The step C specifically comprises the following steps:
C1. The controller initializes:
initializing a digital signal processing chip: clock, IO, UART, and I2C signals are initialized. And reading control parameters and system settings in the EEPROM.
C2. Binding parameters: the digital signal processing chip reads the control and filtering parameters in the upper computer through the UART bus and binds the control and filtering parameters into the system variable structure.
C3. waiting for the serial port to receive an interrupt: setting an interrupt vector table, enabling the serial port to interrupt, and enabling the digital signal processing serial port buffer area to receive the interrupt.
C4. and (3) detection: the digital signal processing chip picks up the acoustic signals detected by the acoustic transducer through the AD module.
C5. Drive output: the digital signal processing chip outputs a PWM control signal, and the PWM power amplification unit amplifies the PWM signal to drive the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source.
The invention solves the problem that the existing nondestructive inspection method can not effectively detect the defects of the small irregular castings at low cost, and can be effectively applied to the production and assembly processes of the small irregular castings, and workpieces with defects can be accurately detected and removed.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the structure of the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The sound spectrum nondestructive testing device for the small irregular castings is characterized by comprising a flat base, wherein a vertical upright post is arranged on the base, a fixed block is sleeved on the upright post and fixedly connected with a horizontal clamp, and the tail end of the clamp is provided with a clamping part; one side of the clamping part is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic excitation source, the base below the other side is provided with an acoustic transducer, and the output end of the acoustic transducer is connected with the input end of the interface device;
The upper computer is connected with the controller through the interface device, the upper computer sends out a test instruction, the DSP outputs a PWM control signal, the PWM power amplification unit amplifies the PWM signal of the DSP to power and drive the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source, the casting to be tested can vibrate and emit sound waves under excitation, the acoustic transducer on the base receives an audio signal transmitted through air, and the audio signal is transmitted to the upper computer through the interface device by the DSP through the amplification and AD conversion module of the acquisition module;
Wherein the piezoelectric ceramic excitation source is directly and rigidly connected with the clamping part of the clamp; the base and the upright post are both coated by sound-absorbing rubber; and a sound absorbing material is arranged between the acoustic transducer and the base.
2. The small irregular casting sound spectrum nondestructive testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed block is arranged on the upright post in a sliding manner and is fixed in position through the positioning device.
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| CN201610876637.6A CN106442734B (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-09-29 | Acoustic spectrum nondestructive detection device and detection method for small irregular castings |
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| CN201610876637.6A CN106442734B (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-09-29 | Acoustic spectrum nondestructive detection device and detection method for small irregular castings |
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| CN115184465A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-14 | 铁将军汽车电子股份有限公司 | Metal shell detection device and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP0770867A1 (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-05-02 | INPRO Innovationsgesellschaft für fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH | Method for quality testing of semi-products, modules and components with ultrasounds |
| JP2014013194A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Thin plate inspection device, thin plate inspection method, and thin plate manufacturing method |
| CN206114594U (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-04-19 | 中国人民解放军91872部队 | Small -size irregular foundry goods spectrum nondestructive test device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH07182735A (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 1995-07-21 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> | Tape tension detector |
| EP1312916B1 (en) * | 2000-08-23 | 2009-04-08 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Non-destructive acoustic inspection device |
| DE10313894B3 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method and device for examining a rail track for defects |
| WO2004068132A1 (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-12 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. | Method and device for ultrasonic inspection of a rail track for faults |
| JP2005098842A (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-04-14 | Univ Nihon | Method for measuring pouring depth of repairing material to crack |
| CA2504908A1 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2005-10-23 | Innovative Materials Testing Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for eddy-current magnetic scanning a surface to detect sub-surface cracks around a boundary |
| CN201247076Y (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2009-05-27 | 朱军 | Apparatus for testing piezoelectric sensor |
| GB2489263A (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2012-09-26 | Rolls Royce Plc | Device for fatigue testing a specimen |
| JP2013088421A (en) * | 2011-10-16 | 2013-05-13 | Choonpa Zairyo Shindan Kenkyusho:Kk | Nondestructive inspection method and device |
| DE102013211596A1 (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for electrically contacting a piezoceramic |
| EP2950232A1 (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-02 | Nxp B.V. | Identification of assets |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0770867A1 (en) * | 1995-10-23 | 1997-05-02 | INPRO Innovationsgesellschaft für fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH | Method for quality testing of semi-products, modules and components with ultrasounds |
| JP2014013194A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Thin plate inspection device, thin plate inspection method, and thin plate manufacturing method |
| CN206114594U (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-04-19 | 中国人民解放军91872部队 | Small -size irregular foundry goods spectrum nondestructive test device |
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