CN106386426A - Seedling raising substrate and device used for placing seedling raising substrate - Google Patents
Seedling raising substrate and device used for placing seedling raising substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN106386426A CN106386426A CN201610751368.0A CN201610751368A CN106386426A CN 106386426 A CN106386426 A CN 106386426A CN 201610751368 A CN201610751368 A CN 201610751368A CN 106386426 A CN106386426 A CN 106386426A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses and relates to a seedling raising substrate used for plant plantation. The seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by volume: 4 to 6 parts of coconut bran, 2 to 3 parts of an organic fertilizer, 1 to 2 parts of sand and 1 to 3 parts of vermiculite. According to the invention, pure coconut bran is rich in potassium and magnesium ions, and since the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is about 80: 1, a nitrogen source needed for plant growth is lacked, so the disadvantage of needing extra addition of nitrogen and other elements needed by a plant is compensated by adding a certain volume of organic fertilizer particles; the volume weight of the pure coconut bran is slightly low, so the sand and the vermiculite can regulate the volume weight of the seedling raising substrate; meanwhile, the vermiculite can provide a certain cation exchange capacity and water and fertilizer retention ability. In addition, the invention also provides a device used for placing the seedling raising substrate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant cultivation, more particularly, to a kind of seedling medium and the device holding this seedling medium.
Background technology
In busy city life, a lot of people are intended to oneself planting vegetable of energy or flowers, thus not only make pottery
Smelting sentiment, is busy work and life increases some enjoyment, and can also have health organically vegetable.
The restriction being limited to plant space in city must solve some difficult problems of planting indoors, will have suitable plant growing
Seedling medium and device, common in the market plantation seedling medium mostly is soilless culture form, soilless culture master
The modes such as water planting to be included, mist training and seedling medium training, wherein seedling medium training are the main forms of soilless culture.No soil is planted
Training seedling medium mainly has rock wool, turf, haydite, perlite and bark etc., has turf, rock using more seedling matrix material
Cotton, Vermiculitum, perlite, bagasse, mushroom slag and grit etc..
Rock wool and peat are most widely used in the whole world at present, are the comparatively ideal cultivation seedling-cultivating substrate generally acknowledged in the world.But
With using in a large number year by year, it also becomes clear day by day to the negative effect that society and ecological environment bring：1. rock wool non-degradable, greatly
Amount uses and brings secondary pollution to environment；2. peat is non-renewable resource, and excessive exploitation has the danger of exhaustion；In addition,
If not original producton location, their price relatively costly 3. proportionings not science, ordinary consumer is difficult to grasp correct proportioning side
Formula；4. troublesome poeration, particularly carries out substrate mixing within the family, has certain pollution to domestic environment；5. late maintaining trouble,
Loose substrate watering, apply fertilizer, easily cause to drip in handling process and spill leakage, substrate is exposed also easily to provide, to mosquitos and flies, the ring growing
Border.
It would therefore be highly desirable to design a seedling medium, solve prior art seedling medium costliness, proportioning not cannot train by science
Plant vegetation, troublesome poeration, pollution environment and the troublesome problem of late maintaining.
Content of the invention
For drawbacks described above, present invention solves the technical problem that being, a kind of seedling medium being provided and holds this nursery base
The device of matter, to solve, prior art seedling medium is expensive, science cannot not nurture vegetation, troublesome poeration, pollution ring to proportioning
Border and the troublesome problem of late maintaining.
The invention provides a kind of seedling medium, for planting plants, described seedling medium is included by parts by volume：4～6
Coconut palm chaff, 2～3 fertilizer, 1～2 sand, 1～3 Vermiculitum.
Preferably, the impurity quality in described coconut palm chaff is less than the 3% of gross mass.
Preferably, described coconut palm chaff particle diameter is 0.5～5mm, and pH value is 0.3～0.8mS/cm for 5.5～6.5, EC value, unit weight
0.15～0.2g/cm3.
Preferably, described fertilizer includes one or more of sheep stool, bean cake, plumage powder and em bacterium.
Preferably, described fertilizer particle diameter is 3～5mm, pH value 7.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described Vermiculitum is 2～4mm, and pH value is 0.1～0.5mS/cm for 7, EC value, unit weight 0.1～
0.2g/cm3.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described sand is 0.5～3mm, and pH value is 0～0.2mS/cm for 7, EC value, unit weight 1.3～
1.5g/cm3.
Preferably, the unit weight of described seedling medium is 0.3～0.45g/cm3, pH value 6.5～6.6.
Present invention also offers a kind of device, it is used for holding this seedling medium, described device includes：
Tank body, the described tank body whole body is transparent, and its bottom is provided with hole, is provided with water level indicating line on described tank body；
Haydite layer, is arranged on the bottom of described tank interior, contacts with the bottom surface of described tank body；
Seedling medium bag, is arranged on the top of described haydite layer, in described seedling medium bag setting just like claim 1 to
Seedling medium any one of 8；
Lid, covers the opening of described tank body, and described tank body is sealed, and described lid is detachable.
From such scheme, the invention provides a kind of seedling medium, for planting plants, described seedling medium includes
By parts by volume：4～6 coconut palm chaff, 2～3 fertilizer, 1～2 sand, 1～3 Vermiculitum.Pure coconut palm chaff contain abundant potassium and magnesium from
Son, carbon-nitrogen ratio about 80:1, lack the nitrogen source needed for plant growing, need the extra unit adding needed for nitrogen and other plant
Element, therefore, adds the organic fertilizer particles of certain volume number, to make up this defect.Pure coconut palm chaff unit weight is lower slightly, therefore, husky
Son and Vermiculitum can adjust the unit weight of seedling medium, and meanwhile, Vermiculitum can provide certain cation exchange capacity (CEC) and retain water and nutrients energy
Power.
With the ingredient that coconut palm chaff is used as seedling medium be because coconut palm chaff can change seedling medium physical arrangement and
The growing environment of root system of plant, promotes plant nutrient to absorb, improves the yield of vegetable melon and fruit.If adding certain in coconut palm chaff
Seedling medium, possesses the ability substituting turf of the prior art completely, and coconut palm chaff is inexhaustible Renewable resource, and it adds
Work low cost, cost of transportation only has 1/6 to the 1/8 of turf, meanwhile, price also cheap 30% (domestic turf)～90% than turf
(import turf), therefore replaces turf and had not only saved cost but also be avoided that the waste of limited resources with coconut palm chaff.
In the preferred version of the present invention, the unit weight of described seedling medium is 0.3～0.45g/cm3, pH value 6.5～6.6.Institute
Stating unit weight is the dry matter of unit volume substrate under naturalness.Unit weight is relevant with the particle diameter of seedling medium, total porosity.All
Total porosity is little, ratio is great, and its unit weight is just big.Particle diameter is too small, and seedling medium unit weight is big, is not easy in addition to operation, makees when nursery
Also not readily transportable for commercialization nursery；If seedling medium is excessively light, lack cementitiousness, when watering, seedling medium easily floats again
Splash (as perlite), be not fixed easily root system, seedling medium particle diameter is too small, unit weight increases, permeability declines；Granule is excessive (such as
Gravel) it is difficult to controlling depth, broadcast rear uneven emergence, it is unfavorable for cultivating the strong sprout of neat and consistent, be also unfavorable for fertilizer conservation water conservation.One
As nursery seedling medium unit weight with 0.2～0.8g/cm3Preferably, with 0.3～0.45g/cm3For optimum, so, root can be fixed
System, is suitable to transport for long-distance again.
In addition, the seedling of vegetable melon and fruit reacts more sensitive, different crop seedling to pH requires different pH value range.
When the pH value of substrate is more than more than 7, it is precipitated into invalid ion by generating hydroxide.The pH value of seedling medium is with 5.8～7.0
Preferably, it is optimum with 6.5～6.6.
The present invention also provides a kind of device, is used for holding this seedling medium it is characterised in that including：
Tank body, the described tank body whole body is transparent, and its bottom is provided with hole, is provided with water level indicating line on described tank body；
Haydite layer, is arranged on the bottom of described tank interior, contacts with the bottom surface of described tank body；
Seedling medium bag, is arranged on the top of described haydite layer, in described seedling medium bag setting just like claim 1 to
Seedling medium any one of 8；
Lid, covers the opening of described tank body, and described tank body is sealed, and described lid is detachable.
Brief description
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
Have technology description in required use accompanying drawing be briefly described it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description be only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, acceptable
Other accompanying drawings are obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of specific embodiment of seedling medium provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that lid arranges tank body lower end.
Fig. 3 is structural representation when pulling down lid from tank body.
In Fig. 1-3：
Lid 1, tank body 2, upper external screw thread 21, lower end external screw thread 22, water level indicating line 23, seedling medium bag 3, haydite layer
4th, tank diameter a, lower end external screw thread height b, tank body height c with cover, lid height d, haydite layer height e, seedling medium bag are high
Degree f, upper external screw thread height g, tank body height h.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation description is it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of not making creative work
Embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
The present embodiment provides one kind to be used for plant culturing, and as Figure 1-3, wherein, Fig. 1 holds this for provided by the present invention
A kind of structural representation of the specific embodiment of the device of seedling medium；Fig. 2 is that the structure that lid is arranged tank body lower end is shown
It is intended to；Fig. 3 is structural representation when pulling down lid from tank body.
This seedling medium, for planting plants, described seedling medium is included by parts by volume：4～6 coconut palm chaff, 2～3 have
Machine fertilizer, 1～2 sand, 1～3 Vermiculitum.Pure coconut palm chaff contains abundant potassium and magnesium ion, carbon-nitrogen ratio about 80:1, lack plant life
Long required nitrogen source, needs the extra element adding needed for nitrogen and other plant, therefore adds having of certain volume number
Machine fertilizer granule, to make up this defect.Pure coconut palm chaff unit weight is lower slightly, and therefore, sand and Vermiculitum can adjust the unit weight of seedling medium,
Meanwhile, Vermiculitum can provide certain cation exchange capacity (CEC) and retain water and nutrients ability.
With the ingredient that coconut palm chaff is used as seedling medium be because coconut palm chaff can change seedling medium physical arrangement and
The growing environment of root system of plant, promotes plant nutrient to absorb, improves the yield of vegetable melon and fruit.If adding certain in coconut palm chaff
Seedling medium, possesses the ability substituting turf of the prior art completely, and coconut palm chaff is inexhaustible Renewable resource, and it adds
Work low cost, cost of transportation only has 1/6 to the 1/8 of turf, meanwhile, price also cheap 30% (the domestic turf) -90% than turf
(import turf), therefore replaces turf and had not only saved cost but also be avoided that the waste of limited resources, coconut palm chaff also will not with coconut palm chaff
To environment.
Impurity quality in coconut palm chaff be less than gross mass 3%, the impurity in coconut palm chaff be primarily referred to as short coconut shred fiber and
Sandy soil.Impurity affects the plantation quality of plant too much, through repeated multiple times test, draws, is not more than total matter in coconut palm chaff impurity
Amount 3% when impact to plant growing be minimum.
Coconut palm chaff particle diameter is 0.5～5mm, and pH value is 0.3～0.8mS/cm for 5.5～6.5, EC value, unit weight 0.15～0.2g/
cm3；Fertilizer particle diameter is 3～5mm, pH value 7；The particle diameter of Vermiculitum is 2～4mm, and pH value is 0.1～0.5mS/cm for 7, EC value,
Unit weight 0.1～0.2g/cm3；The particle diameter of sand is 0.5～3mm, and pH value is 0～0.2mS/cm for 7, EC value, unit weight 1.3～
1.5g/cm3；
The size of seedling medium particle diameter directly influence the complexity of the fixing root system of seedling medium and permeable amount number,
These factors directly influence the quality of plant growing, through test of many times by the size controlling of coconut palm chaff to 0.5～5mm, fertilizer
Size controlling to 3～5mm, the size controlling of Vermiculitum to 2～4mm, the size controlling of sand to 0.5～3mm, and according to above-mentioned body
The granularity obtaining after the mixing of long-pending number proportioning is the life that seedling medium between 0.5～5mm disclosure satisfy that plants with optimal state
Long.
Require different pH value range because vegetable melon and fruit seedling reacts more sensitive, different crop seedling to pH.Educate
When the pH value of Seedling substrate is more than more than 7, it is precipitated into invalid ion by generating hydroxide.So this seedling medium is with coconut palm chaff
With 5.5～6.5, the pH value of fertilizer, Vermiculitum and sand is 7 and according to educating of obtaining after the mixing of above-mentioned volume parts proportioning to pH value
Between 6.5～6.6, it is the optimal ph environment of plant growing to Seedling substrate pH value.
EC value reflect seedling medium in originally carried soluble organic fraction number, the balance of nutritional solution will be directly influenced
And seedling growth.Cation exchange capacity (CEC) is replaced with 1000g seedling medium and absorbs li molal quantity (cmol/ of cation
Kg) representing.Some seedling mediums almost do not have cation exchange capacity, and some are but very high, and it can be to the nutrition in seedling medium
Liquid composition produces a very large impact.The cation exchange capacity of seedling medium can affect the balance of nutritional solution, so that people is difficult on demand
Control the component of nutritional solution；Nutrients loss loss can be preserved again, and have cushioning effect to the acid-base reaction of nutritional solution.Through excessive
Secondary experimental verification draw with EC value be 0.3～0.8mS/cm coconut palm chaff, the Vermiculitum for 0.1～0.5mS/cm for the EC value, EC value for 0～
The EC of the seedling medium that the sand of 0.2mS/cm and EC value obtain according to above-mentioned volume parts proportioning for 10～12mS/cm fertilizer
Value is in 1.3-2.6ms/cm3Between for plant growing optimum EC environment.
In addition, unit weight is the dry matter of unit volume seedling medium under naturalness.Unit weight and the grain of seedling medium
Footpath, total porosity are relevant.All total porositys are little, ratio is great, and its unit weight is just big.Particle diameter is too small, and seedling medium unit weight is big, except nursery
When to be not easy to operation outer, also not readily transportable as commercialization nursery；If seedling medium is excessively light, lacks cementitiousness again, pour
During water, seedling medium easily floats splashing (as perlite), is not fixed easily root system, and seedling medium particle diameter is too small, and unit weight increases, penetrating
Property decline；Granule excessive (as gravel), it is difficult to controlling depth, broadcasts rear uneven emergence, is unfavorable for cultivating the strong sprout of neat and consistent,
It is unfavorable for fertilizer conservation water conservation.Draw unit weight with 0.15～0.2g/cm through many experiments checking3Coconut palm chaff, 0.1～0.2g/cm3's
Vermiculitum, 1.3～1.5g/cm3Sand and 0.5～0.6g/cm3The nursery that obtains according to above-mentioned volume parts proportioning of fertilizer
The unit weight of substrate is in 0.3～0.45g/cm3Between for plant growing suitable environment.
It should be noted that fertilizer includes one or more of sheep stool, bean cake, plumage powder and em bacterium.On meeting
State granularity, EC value, pH value, the requirement of unit weight, Organic substance can select one or more in sheep stool, bean cake, plumage powder and em bacterium.
Here preferential recommendation sheep stool, bean cake and plumage powder according to quality parts ratio are：7:2:1.
Another, present embodiment additionally provides a kind of device, is used for holding this seedling medium, this device includes：
Tank body 2, tank body 2 whole body is transparent, and its bottom is provided with hole (not shown), is provided with water level and carries on tank body 2
Timberline 23；
Haydite layer 4, is arranged on the bottom within tank body 2, contacts with the bottom surface of tank body 2；
Seedling medium bag 3, is arranged on the top of haydite layer 4, is provided with foregoing nursery base in seedling medium bag 3
Matter；
Lid 1, covers the opening of tank body 2, and tank body 2 is sealed, and lid 1 is detachable.
Describe the present invention in detail referring to embodiment, be worth being understood by, the following example is exemplary illustration, and
It is not the concrete restriction to the present invention.
Experimental cultivar is that Chinese cabbage " purple Brassica campestris L " is transplanted with trapezoidal planting pot (basin mouth 42cm × 25cm, basin bottom 35cm
× 17cm, high 13cm).Test is carried out in day-light greenhouse.Its pH value of coconut palm chaff be 5.5～6.5, EC value scope 0.3～
Between 0.8mS/cm, impurity is less than 3%.
Experimental design 1：
Seedling medium presses volume parts proportioning (coconut palm chaff and organic fertilizer mixture)：Sand：Vermiculitum=8:1:Compare based on 1
Example, coconut palm chaff and 2 kinds of fertilizers of turf are made into 4 combinations (table 1) according to different proportion, press 8 with turf, sand, Vermiculitum：1：1
Volume ratio be comparison.Every basin plants 12 plants, often processes 5 basins, repeats as 5 times.First 1 day of transplanting with warm water soaking coconut palm chaff with
So that it is fully expanded, take the volume after imbibition as the dimension criteria using.
Using broadcasting sowing nursery, cutting seedlings 2～3 times after emerging, go close stand, weak seedling, whne long to SANYE wholeheartedly when move to different multiple
Cultivated in Hefei, growth period routine is watered management.Harvest when outermost true leaf turns to be yellow slightly, harvest date is sowing
After date two months.Test data is as shown in table 1：
| Seedling medium | Turf | Coconut palm chaff | Fertilizer | Sand | Vermiculitum |
| Reference example | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| T1 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| T2 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| T3 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| T4 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
Table 1 (in table, numerical value is volume ratio)
Result of the test is as shown in table 2：
The impact to growth for the table 2 seedling medium different ratio
As shown in Table 2, T2, T3 indices are substantially better than other groups and comparison.T2, T3 ground fresh weight is respectively than matched group
High 16.5% and 18.8%.T2, T3 indices do not have significant difference, to sum up, by the coconut palm chaff of volume parts 5～6,2～3
Fertilizer, 1 sand and 1 Vermiculitum are preferable seedling medium proportioning results it is contemplated that the price of fertilizer is far above coconut palm chaff,
The scheme of T2 is optimal proportion.
Experimental design 2：
Choose the sand in 0.5～3mm for the particle diameter, and the Vermiculitum that particle diameter is 2～4mm.Seedling medium proportioning accounts for 2 with fertilizer
Become ratio based on (volume), coconut palm chaff, sand, the different seedling medium of 3 kinds of Vermiculitum are made into 9 combinations according to different proportion
(table 3), presses 7 with turf, Vermiculitum：3 this current classical recipe ratio are reference example.Every basin plants 12 plants, processes 5 basins every time,
Repeat as 5 times.In first 1 day of transplanting with warm water soaking coconut palm chaff so that it fully expands, with the volume after imbibition as use
Dimension criteria.
Using broadcasting sowing nursery, thinning 2～3 times after emerging, go close stand, weak seedling, whne long to SANYE wholeheartedly when move to different multiple
Close in seedling medium and cultivated, growth period routine is watered management.Harvest when outermost true leaf turns to be yellow slightly, harvest date
For two months after sowing date.Test data is as shown in table 3：
| Seedling medium | Turf | Coconut palm chaff | Fertilizer | Sand | Vermiculitum |
| Reference example | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| T1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| T2 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| T3 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| T4 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| T5 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| T6 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
| T7 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| T8 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| T9 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Table 3 (in table, numerical value is volume ratio)
Result of the test is as shown in table 4, table 5：
The impact to growth for the table 4 seedling medium different ratio
Total porosity refers to the summation of water holding hole and ventilating slit in seedling medium, total porosity (%)=(1- unit weight/
Proportion) X100%, the big seedling medium of total porosity is loose, and permeability is good, is conducive to crop root growth, but fixation
Poor.The little seedling medium of total porosity is unfavorable for root system development.General total porosity is best between 75%～90%.
Ventilating slit refers to the space that in seedling medium, air can occupy, and general pore diameter, in more than 0.1mm, fills
Irrigate rear solution will not sticking flow out with action of gravity in these holes, while ensureing that other parameters meet the requirements, lead to
Spiracular slit is more big more growth that be conducive to plant.
Water holding hole refers to the space that in seedling medium, moisture can occupy, and general pore diameter is in 0.001～0.1mm model
In enclosing, moisture can be due to capillarity by sticking in these holes.Water-holding porosity is between 55%～65%
Excellent.
As can be seen from Table 4, the volume with sand increases, and unit weight assumes the trend of rising.By observe total porosity,
The parameter of aeration porosity and water-holding porosity can be seen that T1, T2, T3, T5, T6 and is better than other groups, especially shows total hole
The scope that total porosity is 75%～90% is met on porosity parameter.
The impact to growth for the table 5 seedling medium different ratio
It can be seen from Table 5 that from the point of view of having Biomass experimental result, T2, T3, T5 performance is better than other groups, and ground fresh weight divides
Not high by 18.4% than matched group, 16.5%, 15.4%.Tri- groups of data of T2, T3, T5 are the coconut palm chaffs by volume parts 4～5,2 have
The seedling medium that machine fertilizer, 1～2 sand and 2～3 Vermiculitum combine.
Binding experiment 1 and experiment 2 are reached a conclusion：Seedling medium is according to volume parts：4～6 coconut palm chaff, 2～3 organic
Fertilizer, 1～2 sand and 1～3 Vermiculitum composition seedling medium be optimal proportion.Again best with T2 group, root/shoot ratio is little, biological
Amount is big, and root nutrition absorption efficiency highest is described.In the case of this kind of seedling medium proportioning, the pH value of seedling medium is 6.5
～6.6, unit weight is 0.3～0.45g/cm3.
In such scheme, T2 group seedling medium proportioning is optimum formula, ground fresh weight, and ground dry weight is respectively than matched group
High 18.4% and 13.4%.The seedling medium formula of T2 is coconut palm chaff, fertilizer, sand, Vermiculitum ratio 5 in volume parts：2：1：
2.
It should be noted that turf, the pH of coconut palm chaff are fertilizer, Vermiculitum, the pH value of sand between 5.5-6.5 in test
7 about, so the pH of various formula is relatively.In addition to matched group, the EC value of each formula is relatively.The EC value of coconut palm chaff is
0.3～0.8ms/cm, the EC value 0.1～0.5ms/cm of Vermiculitum, the EC value of sand is less than 0.2ms/cm, and the EC value of fertilizer is 10
～12ms/cm is it can be seen that EC is mainly derived from fertilizer.The unit weight of coconut palm chaff is in 0.15-0.2g/cm3, the unit weight of sand exists
1.3-1.5g/cm3Between, the unit weight of Vermiculitum is in 0.1-0.2g/cm3Between, the unit weight of fertilizer is in 0.5～0.6g/cm3Between.
The particle diameter of coconut palm chaff is 0.5～5mm, and fertilizer particle diameter is 3～5mm, and the particle diameter of Vermiculitum is 2～4mm, the particle diameter of sand is 0.5～
3mm.
Fertilizer includes one or more of sheep stool, bean cake, plumage powder and em bacterium.Fertilizer in above-mentioned experiment uses
It is that sheep stool, bean cake and plumage powder are according to quality parts ratio：7:2:1 proportional arrangement.It is of course also possible to according to actual need
Voluntarily to adjust ratio number.
In addition to aforesaid seedling medium, present embodiment also provides a kind of device holding this seedling medium.This device, uses
In planting plants, including tank body 2, haydite layer 4, seedling medium bag 3 and lid 1, tank body 2 whole body is transparent, and its bottom is provided with hole,
Water level indicating line 23 is provided with tank body 2, haydite layer 4 is arranged on the bottom within tank body 2, contacts with the bottom surface of tank body 2, pottery
The height of granulosa 4 is the 1/5～1/3 of tank body 2 height, and seedling medium bag 3 is arranged on the top of haydite layer 4, in seedling medium bag 3
It is provided with foregoing seedling medium.Its upper surface is flushed with the opening on tank body 2 top, and lid 1 covers opening of tank body 2
Mouthful, tank body 2 is sealed, lid 1 is detachable.
Here, the noun of locality used herein is defined on the basis of Fig. 1, the top of Fig. 1 be set as " on ", its
" on " relative direction by D score it will be appreciated that the use of above-mentioned noun of locality protection domain that this programme is limited not
It is construed as limiting.
By above-mentioned setting by seedling medium with seedling medium bag 3 by way of be contained in tank body 2, carrying, water, maintenance
Etc. in overall process all without spilling Lou pollution environment, after fully enclosed for seedling medium, greatly reduce in growing process
Mosquitos and flies grows.Prevent substrate watering, apply fertilizer, causing to spill leakage in handling process.Tank body 2 be designed as the whole body transparent, be easy to use
Person observes the upgrowth situation of tank body 2 implants and situation of watering, and is provided with water level indicating line 23, specifically, water on tank body 2
Position indication wire 23 be respectively arranged with germination period, nursery stage, the water level indicating line 23 in three periods of trophophase, for user according to
The prompting of indication wire controls irrigation amount.
The bottom of tank body 2 is provided with hole, so, unnecessary water can flow out through the hole of tank body 2 bottom, it is to avoid one
Directly be deposited in cause inside tank body 2 rotten.
Haydite layer 4 is arranged on the bottom within tank body 2, contacts with the bottom surface of tank body 2, and the height of haydite layer 4 is that tank body 2 is high
The 1/5～1/3 of degree, the root system being designed with beneficial to plant of haydite layer 4 ventilative, after plant grows up, root system can outwards be broken through
Seedling medium bag 3, enters in the aqueous solution in growing tank.In order to increase the breathability of root system of plant, lay one in tank body 2 bottom
Layer haydite, plays the effect that diuretic is breathed freely, reduced insect pest.The height of haydite layer 4 is too high, leaves seedling medium bag 3 in tank body 2 for
Space diminish, thus affecting the nutrient of the indispensability required for plant growing.The height of haydite layer 4 is too low and does not have above-mentioned effect
Really, the height determining haydite layer 4 through repetition test is most suitable height for the 1/5～1/3 of tank body 2 height.
Seedling medium bag 3 is arranged on the top of described haydite layer 4, and its upper surface is flushed with the opening on tank body 2 top, so
Facilitate user from tank mouth planting plants.It is provided with foregoing seedling medium, lid 1 covers in seedling medium bag 3
The opening of tank body 2, tank body 2 is sealed, it is to avoid seedling medium bag 3 drops out when transport and storage from tank body 2.Lid 1
Detachably, again lid 1 is taken off when beginning to use this device planting plants.
In addition, the material of tank body 2 is plastic material, conveniently draw materials, be easy to process, and low cost, the upper end of tank body 2 and
The outer surface of lower end is provided with external screw thread, and lid 1 is provided with the female thread (not shown) being adapted to external screw thread, tank body 2
Upper external screw thread 21 identical with pitch with lower end external screw thread 22 height, can be by lid 1 from upper end when planting plants
Take off, be then screwed to the lower end of tank body 2, after watering toward in tank body 2, some unabsorbed moisture can be from tank body 2 bottom
Hole flow on lid 1, at this moment, only lid 1 need to be taken off from the lower end of tank body 2 and waste water is outwelled, specifically, be screwed to tank
The lid 1 of body 2 bottom and tank body 2 bottom lower surface form water space capacity, facilitate water storage.For concrete water space capacity size, root
Depending on concrete condition, user can voluntarily be adjusted.
Another, the haydite particle diameter of haydite layer 4 is 5～10mm.Particle diameter is too little, poor air permeability, is unfavorable for root growth；Particle diameter
Too big, preservation capacity of water and fertility is poor.Plant experience with reference to related agricultural, determine that haydite particle diameter is 5～10mm.
The housing material of seedling medium bag 3 is polypropylene non-woven fabric.Polypropylene is nontoxic, odorless, tasteless milky
Highly crystalline polymer, is widely used in agricultural with the non-woven fabrics planting bag that it makes for raw material.Non-woven fabrics have good
Melt water, melt soil nature and water penetration, use non-woven wraps seedling medium, while fixing seedling medium, do not hinder plant roots
The growth of system, be not result in be formed because seedlings root cannot penetrate containment wall nest root, askew, dilute, rotten root the problems such as, significantly carry
The survival rate of high seedling.In the present invention, the high-hydroscopicity of the high water-permeability in conjunction with non-woven fabrics and coconut palm chaff, it is possible to achieve plant from
The function of bottom water suction.
The grammes per square metre of polypropylene non-woven fabric is 20～30g/m2.The thickness of non-woven fabrics is represented with grammes per square metre, and common agricultural is no
Spin cloth grammes per square metre from every square meter 10g to 100g, the bigger thickness of grammes per square metre is also big, and weight capacity is stronger, and water penetration is poorer, plant roots
The penetrance of system is also poorer.The non-woven fabrics more than 50g/m2 for the grammes per square metre, are substantially difficult to permeable, and the use not reaching the present invention will
Ask.
Choose that grammes per square metre is 10, the non-woven fabrics Seedling bag of 15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50 different-thickness carries out respectively
Water penetration is tested.Nonwoven sample is wrapped up the air-dried mixing seedling medium of equal volume, after pack, seedling medium volume is bottom
Portion diameter 8cm, height 5cm, weight 40g.Laboratory sample is put in the tank that depth is 2cm, stands 15 minutes.Survey after taking-up
The weightening of amount sample, experimental data is as follows：
From experimental data as can be seen that the weightening ratio after the sample water suction of grammes per square metre 10～30 can reach more than 50%.
But grammes per square metre be 10 and 15 sample after seedling medium fully absorbs water, occur bottom rupture situation, the load-bearing energy of its non-woven fabrics
Power does not reach the requirement of this experiment.Therefore, the non-woven fabrics material grammes per square metre that the present invention selects is 20～30 grams of every square meter.
Embodiment：The volume of plantation seedling medium bag 3 is decided by the degree of support to top plant.Educating in the present embodiment
Seedling substrate bag 3 specification be suitable for plantation individual plant leafy vegetable, small-sized flower plant, plant maturation after blade height be 10～
20cm, a diameter of 10～15cm of integral shroud.With reference to association area achievement in research, from the point of view of structural stability, bottom device
The ratio of vertical section width and integral shroud diameter be about 1:2, vertical section height is about 1 with the ratio of blade height:1.5.Deduction
The size of external equipment, determines that the reasonable size of seedling medium bag is diameter 7～9cm, preferably 8cm, bag height f is excellent for seedling medium
Select the cylinder of 5cm.Accordingly, tank diameter a is 8.5cm, and tank body height h is 7cm, outside upper external screw thread height g and lower end
Thread depth b is 1.5cm, is used for fixing lid 1.In view of the water storage function of lid 1, lid height d is designed as 3cm, because
This, tank body height c with cover is 8.5cm, and through experimental test, the length that root system of plant appears nonwoven layer is about 1-1.5cm, because
This, haydite layer height e sets according to 2cm, in the range of the 1/5～1/3 of tank body height.
Certainly, above-described embodiment is simply according to specific blade and integral shroud size Selection, in practical application certainly because
The size that blade is different with the size of integral shroud size and selects different seedling mediums.
Described above to the disclosed embodiments, makes professional and technical personnel in the field be capable of or uses the present invention.
Multiple modifications to these embodiments will be apparent from for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and be to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The scope the widest causing.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of seedling medium, for planting plants it is characterised in that described seedling medium is included by parts by volume：：
4～6 coconut palm chaff；
2～3 fertilizer；
1～2 sand；
1～3 Vermiculitum.
2. seedling medium according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Impurity quality in described coconut palm chaff is less than gross mass
3%.
3. seedling medium according to claim 2 it is characterised in that：Described coconut palm chaff particle diameter is 0.5～5mm, and pH value is 5.5
～6.5, EC value is 0.3～0.8mS/cm, unit weight 0.15～0.2g/cm3.
4. seedling medium according to any one of claim 1 to 3 it is characterised in that：Described fertilizer includes sheep stool, bean
One or more of the dregs of rice, plumage powder and em bacterium.
5. seedling medium according to claim 4 it is characterised in that：Described fertilizer particle diameter is 3～5mm, pH value 7.
6. seedling medium according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：The particle diameter of described Vermiculitum is 2～4mm, and pH value is 7,
EC value is 0.1～0.5mS/cm, unit weight 0.1～0.2g/cm3.
7. seedling medium according to claim 6 it is characterised in that：The particle diameter of described sand is 0.5～3mm, and pH value is
7, EC values are 0～0.2mS/cm, unit weight 1.3～1.5g/cm3.
8. seedling medium according to claim 7 it is characterised in that：The unit weight of described seedling medium is 0.3～0.45g/
cm3, pH value 6.5～6.6.
9. a kind of device, is used for holding this seedling medium it is characterised in that including：
Tank body, the described tank body whole body is transparent, and its bottom is provided with hole, is provided with water level indicating line on described tank body；
Haydite layer, is arranged on the bottom of described tank interior, contacts with the bottom surface of described tank body；
Seedling medium bag, is arranged on the top of described haydite layer, and in described seedling medium bag, setting is just like in claim 1 to 8
Seedling medium described in any one；
Lid, covers the opening of described tank body, and described tank body is sealed, and described lid is detachable.
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| CN201610751368.0A CN106386426A (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2016-08-29 | Seedling raising substrate and device used for placing seedling raising substrate |
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| CN112042502A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-12-08 | 众耕(厦门)农业科技有限公司 | Universal vegetable seedling culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
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