CN106376731A - Cattle TMR(Total Mixed Ration) granulated biological feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cattle TMR(Total Mixed Ration) granulated biological feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cattle TMR(Total Mixed Ration) granulated biological feed and a preparation method thereof. The cattle TMR(Total Mixed Ration) granulated biological feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14-35 parts of corn, 4-15 parts of cereal by-product, 2-15 parts of soybean meal, 2-10 parts of miscellaneous meal, 2-10 parts of a biological ferment material, 10-20 parts of bean skin, 10-20 parts of cottonseed hull, and 5-20 parts of straw. The method comprises the following steps: 1) cutting raw materials and crushing the raw materials; 2) weighing the raw materials and mixing the raw materials; and 3) granulating the raw materials at low temperature. The granulated biological feed has the advantages that the characteristic of the granulated biological feed is highlighted, a modern microbial fermentation technology, a TMR preparation technology and a low temperature granulating technology are combined, production cost is low, usage is convenient, and the feed accords with modern, intensive and large-scale animal husbandry feeding requirements.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a pellet feed and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a cattle TMR pellet biological feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background art:
TMR (Total Mixed Ration) is an English abbreviation of total Mixed ration, and is an advanced feeding process for stirring, cutting, mixing and feeding each component of the ration by a special stirrer according to the nutrition requirements of dairy cows in different growth, development and lactation stages and the ration formula designed by nutrition experts. The Total Mixed Ration (TMR) ensures that every feed eaten by the dairy cows has balanced nutrition.
At present, the TMR daily ration in bulk used in pastures has the following defects: (1) the method comprises the following steps that (1) a breeding farm or a breeding park purchases raw materials for preparing TMR by self, wherein the raw materials comprise corn, Chinese wildrye, alfalfa, straw, silage and the like, on one hand, the degree of the polluted raw materials cannot be detected due to the fact that relevant assay equipment is lacked in the farm or the park, on the other hand, the raw materials are moldy and go bad due to limited storage conditions in the farm, and the hidden danger of raw material pollution is large; (2) when TMR is manufactured in pasture or park, various raw materials such as Chinese wildrye, alfalfa, concentrated feed, silage and the like can be added, but because operators are non-professional farmers and the adding accuracy is not high, compared with an accurate nutritional formula designed by a formulator, the error is very large, and the nutrition imbalance is caused; (3) the potential hazards of raw material pollution, large feeding error, unbalanced nutrition, more metabolic diseases and other problems exist, so that the production performance of animals, such as milk yield of dairy cows, propagation, daily gain of beef cattle and the like, is limited; (4) in order to mix all the raw materials evenly, special mechanical equipment is needed for cutting or kneading the straws and the long grass, good-performance mixing and metering equipment is required for ensuring the nutrition balance of the daily ration, besides, silage, Chinese wildrye, alfalfa and the like with enough dosage for one year are also needed to be stored in a pasture or a park, and the investment of the equipment and the storage of the raw materials increase the feeding cost and the fund overstock.
If the TMR is made into pellet feed, the technical problems can be overcome, but if the TMR is made into pellet feed, forage grass must be cut up to ensure the pellet feed to be formed. While the length of the forage affects the rumen pH, since most NDF in the ration is derived from the forage, the physical structure of this source of NDF determines its ability to promote mastication and saliva production (i.e., the ability to buffer rumen pH). It has been reported that when chopped forage grass replaces raw forage grass, the amount of saliva secretion is reduced by 5%, causing changes in the rumen environment, mainly lowering the pH of the rumen, changing the types and amounts of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract and the rumen fermentation pattern, causing rumen acidosis, which in the long run, may damage the health of animals and thus affect production. Therefore, how to make TMR into pellet feed and ensure animal health is a problem to be solved urgently.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention mainly aims at the problems of high breeding cost, shortage of high-quality coarse feed resources, pollution safety of silage and bulk TMR daily ration mold and the like commonly existing in the large-scale breeding industry at present, researches are carried out from the viewpoint of development of TMR granular biological feed for cattle, unconventional feed resources are fully utilized, and the TMR granular feed meeting the cattle requirements is researched by combining biotechnology, so that the purposes of reducing the feed cost, ensuring the health of cattle organisms, producing safe beef and milk products and finally realizing an industrialized and precise feeding mode are achieved.
The invention aims to provide a TMR pellet biological feed for cattle.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the TMR pellet biological feed for cattle.
The first purpose of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme, and the TMR pellet biological feed for cattle comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14-35 parts of corn, 4-15 parts of grain by-products, 2-15 parts of soybean meal, 2-10 parts of miscellaneous meal, 4-15 parts of DDGS, 0.5-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.1-0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-1 part of salt, 0.3-1.5 parts of baking soda, 0.05-0.2 part of magnesium oxide, 0.05-0.2 part of multivitamins, 0.05-0.2 part of various mineral substances, 2-10 parts of biological fermentation materials, 10-20 parts of soybean hulls, 10-20 parts of cottonseed hulls and 5-20 parts of grass. Wherein the grain by-products are corn gunite, fiber skins, rice hulls and the like; the main component of the stone powder is calcium carbonate. Multivitamins are produced by basf vitamins, inc; various minerals are produced by guanghangda feeds limited.
The TMR pellet biological feed for cattle also comprises no more than 5 parts of adhesive, wherein the adhesive is specifically wheat middling, bentonite and the like.
The biological fermentation material contains water not more than 40%, crude protein not less than 14%, crude ash not more than 8%, and beneficial bacteria not less than 5.0x108cfu/g。
The second purpose of the invention is implemented by the following technical scheme, and the preparation method of the bovine TMR pellet biological feed comprises the following steps: (1) cutting and crushing raw materials; (2) weighing and mixing the raw materials; (3) granulating at low temperature; wherein,
(1) cutting and crushing raw materials: respectively crushing the corn, the grain by-product, the bean pulp, the miscellaneous meal and the DDGS, and sieving the crushed grains with an 8-mesh sieve with 100 percent of granularity; cutting grass, wherein the cutting length is controlled to be 10-20 mm; crushing the bean curd skin, wherein the crushed particle size is that the bean curd skin is sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 1.18mm, and the weight percentage of oversize materials is 20-40%; crushing cottonseed hulls, wherein the crushing granularity is that the cottonseed hulls are sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 5mm, and the weight percentage of oversize materials is 60-85%;
(2) weighing and mixing raw materials: respectively weighing 14-35 parts of crushed corn, 4-15 parts of crushed grain by-products, 2-15 parts of crushed soybean meal, 2-10 parts of crushed miscellaneous meal, 4-15 parts of crushed DDGS, 0.5-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.1-0.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3-1 part of salt, 0.3-1.5 parts of baking soda, 0.05-0.2 part of magnesium oxide, 0.05-0.2 part of various vitamins, 0.05-0.2 part of various minerals, 2-10 parts of biological fermentation materials, 10-20 parts of crushed soybean hulls, 10-20 parts of crushed cottonseed hulls, 5-20 parts of cut grass, uniformly mixing and stirring, wherein the coefficient of variation CV is less than or equal to 5%, and preparing a mixture;
(3) and (3) low-temperature granulation:
a. quenching and tempering: quenching and tempering the mixture, wherein the dry saturation vapor pressure of the quenching and tempering treatment is more than or equal to 2Bar, the quenching and tempering time is 5-10S, and the quenching and tempering temperature is controlled at 58.6-61.4 ℃ to prepare a quenched and tempered material;
b. molding: feeding the conditioned material into a ring die for molding, wherein the compression ratio of the ring die is 1:6-1:11, preparing a strip material after molding, cutting the strip material, and controlling the cutting length to be 9-12mm to prepare a granular material;
c. cooling, drying and screening the granules: cooling and drying the granules by a cooler, wherein the air suction volume of a fan of the cooler is 28040M3/H-30040M3And H, opening the valve of the cooler fan to be 50-70%, and screening the granular material by a grading sieve when the moisture of the granular material is lower than 14% to obtain the cattle TMR granular biological feed with the grain length of 9-12 mm.
The step (2) also comprises no more than 5 parts of adhesive.
The biological fermentation material contains water not more than 40%, crude protein not less than 14%, crude ash not more than 8%, and beneficial bacteria not less than 5.0x108cfu/g。
The TMR is prepared into the pellet feed, simultaneously, the health of animals is ensured, and the traditional concept that the traditional feeding can not leave high-quality alfalfa and silage and long fiber can not leave is overturned. The specific action mechanism is as follows: (1) the TMR granular biological feed for cattle of the invention adopts fiber raw materials with high NDF content: the soybean hull and the cottonseed hull are used as coarse feed, so that the NDF value of the coarse feed is improved; (2) when the raw materials are crushed, the crushing fineness of various raw materials is strictly controlled, the various raw materials are crushed and then mixed, and the granularity is controlled as follows: sieving with 1.18mm sieve to obtain oversize material of 10-40 wt%; sieving with a sieve with the aperture of 2.8mm, wherein the weight percentage of oversize products is not more than 5%; sieving with a sieve with a pore diameter of 5mm, wherein the weight percentage of oversize is not more than 1% to ensure that the molding of the pellet feed is not influenced, the retention time of crude fiber in rumen is prolonged, and the rumen acidosis can be effectively relieved; (3) the biological fermentation material is added, so that the digestion utilization rate of the cattle on the daily ration is improved, and rumen acidosis is relieved: firstly, the number of beneficial live bacteria in the rumen of the cattle is increased, so that the number of live bacteria adhered to a unit daily ration is increased, and the daily ration digestibility is improved; secondly, beneficial bacteria added in the feed have a process of pre-digesting feed macromolecules, which is equivalent to that the feed macromolecules entering the rumen of the cattle are decomposed into countless micromolecules by the beneficial bacteria, so that the digestion effect of the rumen is relieved, and the micromolecules are directly digested, thereby improving the digestion utilization rate of the daily ration of the cattle; thirdly, the beneficial live bacteria are added, and the probiotic bacteria enter the animal body along with the fermented feed particles, so that the probiotic effect is fully exerted. The probiotics can be adhered to intestinal wall cells to play a barrier role, and competitively inhibit and reject pathogenic bacteria, and various probiotics can inhibit the reproduction and growth of harmful bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, so that the beneficial bacteria can be exerted, the rumen flora balance can be regulated, and the digestion function of rumen on daily ration is improved; (4) the invention successfully adopts a low-temperature granulation technology, on one hand, the viable count of the probiotics in the feed can be ensured, the probiotic effect of the probiotics can be fully exerted, and meanwhile, the crisping and the palatability of the feed can be ensured.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the cow essence supplement is subjected to solid state fermentation by saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus plantarum to prepare a probiotic biological fermentation material, and then the probiotic biological fermentation material is mixed with the cow essence supplement, grass meal, bean hulls, cottonseed hulls and other agricultural and sideline products to prepare Total Mixed Ration (TMR) and granulated, so that the traditional concept of feeding high-quality alfalfa and ensilage without long fiber is subverted; 2. the characteristics of the biological feed are highlighted, the production process combining the modern microbial fermentation technology, the TMR modulation technology and the low-temperature granulation technology is low in production cost and convenient to use, and the requirements of modernization, intensification and large-scale animal husbandry cultivation are met; 3. the TMR pellet biological feed for the cattle is convenient to feed, accurate in nutrition formula, safe and sanitary, greatly saves the time and cost for proportioning, and effectively ensures the production performances of milk yield, breeding, daily gain of beef cattle and the like.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1: the TMR granular biological feed for the cattle comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14 parts of corn, 4 parts of grain by-products, 2 parts of soybean meal,2 parts of miscellaneous meal, 4 parts of DDGS, 0.5 part of mountain flour, 0.1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 0.3 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.05 part of magnesium oxide, 0.05 part of multivitamin, 0.05 part of various mineral substances, 2 parts of biological fermentation material, 10 parts of bean skin, 10 parts of cottonseed hull, 5 parts of grass and 2 parts of adhesive. Wherein the cereal byproduct is corn gunite, fiber skin, rice hull, etc., and the binder is wheat middling, bentonite, etc. The biological fermentation material contains water not more than 40%, crude protein not less than 14%, crude ash not more than 8%, and beneficial bacteria not less than 5.0x108cfu/g。
Example 2: example 1 a method for preparing a bovine TMR pellet biological feed, comprising the steps of: (1) cutting and crushing raw materials; (2) weighing and mixing the raw materials; (3) granulating at low temperature; wherein,
(1) cutting and crushing raw materials: respectively crushing the corn, the grain by-product, the bean pulp, the miscellaneous meal and the DDGS, and sieving the crushed grains with an 8-mesh sieve with 100 percent of granularity; cutting grass, wherein the cutting length is controlled to be 10 mm; crushing the bean curd skin, wherein the crushed particle size is that the bean curd skin is sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 1.18mm, and the weight percentage of oversize materials is 20 percent; crushing the cottonseed hulls, wherein the crushing granularity is that the cottonseed hulls are sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 5mm, and the weight percentage of oversize materials is 60 percent;
(2) weighing and mixing raw materials: respectively weighing 14 parts of crushed corn, 4 parts of crushed grain by-products, 2 parts of crushed bean pulp, 2 parts of crushed miscellaneous meal, 4 parts of crushed DDGS, 0.5 part of mountain flour, 0.1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 0.3 part of sodium bicarbonate, 0.05 part of magnesium oxide, 0.05 part of multivitamin, 0.05 part of various mineral substances, 2 parts of biological fermentation materials, 10 parts of crushed bean skin, 10 parts of crushed cottonseed hull, 5 parts of cut grass and 2 parts of adhesive according to the following weight part ratio, then mixing and stirring uniformly, wherein the coefficient of variation CV is less than or equal to 5%, and preparing a mixture;
(3) and (3) low-temperature granulation:
a. quenching and tempering: quenching and tempering the mixture, wherein the dry saturation vapor pressure of the quenching and tempering treatment is more than or equal to 2Bar, the quenching and tempering time is 5S, and the quenching and tempering temperature is controlled at 58.6 ℃ to prepare a quenched and tempered material;
b. molding: feeding the conditioned material into a ring die for molding, wherein the compression ratio of the ring die is 1:6, preparing a strip material after molding, cutting the strip material, and controlling the cutting length to be 9mm to prepare a granular material;
c. cooling, drying and screening the granules: cooling and drying the granules by a cooler, wherein the air suction volume of a fan of the cooler is 28040M3And H, the opening of a valve of a cooler fan is 50, and when the moisture of the granular materials is lower than 14%, the granular materials enter a grading sieve for sieving to obtain the cattle TMR granular biological feed with the grain length of 9 mm.
The biological fermentation material contains water not more than 40%, crude protein not less than 14%, crude ash not more than 8%, and beneficial bacteria not less than 5.0x108cfu/g。
Example 3: the TMR granular biological feed for the cattle comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of corn, 15 parts of grain by-products, 15 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of miscellaneous meal, 15 parts of DDGS, 1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 1 part of salt, 1.5 parts of baking soda, 0.2 part of magnesium oxide, 0.2 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of multiple mineral substances, 10 parts of biological fermentation material, 20 parts of soybean hull, 20 parts of cottonseed hull, 20 parts of grass and 5 parts of adhesive. Wherein the cereal byproduct is corn gunite, fiber skin, rice hull, etc., and the binder is wheat middling, bentonite, etc. The biological fermentation material contains water not more than 40%, crude protein not less than 14%, crude ash not more than 8%, and beneficial bacteria not less than 5.0x108cfu/g。
Example 4: example 3 a method for preparing a bovine TMR pellet biological feed comprising the steps of: (1) cutting and crushing raw materials; (2) weighing and mixing the raw materials; (3) granulating at low temperature; wherein,
(1) cutting and crushing raw materials: respectively crushing the corn, the grain by-product, the bean pulp, the miscellaneous meal and the DDGS, and sieving the crushed grains with an 8-mesh sieve with 100 percent of granularity; cutting grass, wherein the cutting length is controlled to be 20 mm; crushing the bean curd skin, wherein the crushed particle size is that the bean curd skin is sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 1.18mm, and the weight percentage of oversize materials is 40 percent; crushing cottonseed hulls, wherein the crushing granularity is that the cottonseed hulls are sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 5mm, and the weight percentage of oversize materials is 85%;
(2) weighing and mixing raw materials: respectively weighing 35 parts of crushed corn, 15 parts of crushed grain by-products, 15 parts of crushed bean pulp, 10 parts of crushed miscellaneous meal, 15 parts of crushed DDGS, 1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 1 part of salt, 1.5 parts of baking soda, 0.2 part of magnesium oxide, 0.2 part of multivitamin, 0.2 part of multi-mineral substances, 10 parts of biological fermentation materials, 20 parts of crushed bean skin, 20 parts of crushed cottonseed hull, 20 parts of cut grass and 5 parts of adhesive according to the following weight part ratio, then uniformly mixing and stirring, wherein the coefficient of variation CV is less than or equal to 5 percent, and preparing a mixture;
(3) and (3) low-temperature granulation:
a. quenching and tempering: quenching and tempering the mixture, wherein the dry saturation vapor pressure of the quenching and tempering treatment is more than or equal to 2Bar, the quenching and tempering time is 10S, and the quenching and tempering temperature is controlled at 61.4 ℃ to prepare a quenched and tempered material;
b. molding: feeding the conditioned material into a ring die for molding, wherein the compression ratio of the ring die is 1:11, preparing a strip material after molding, cutting the strip material, and controlling the cutting length to be 12mm to prepare a granular material;
c. cooling, drying and screening the granules: cooling and drying the granules by a cooler, wherein the air suction volume of a fan of the cooler is 30040M3And H, when the opening of a valve of a cooler fan is 70 percent, and the moisture of the granular materials is lower than 14 percent, the granular materials enter a grading sieve for sieving to obtain the cattle TMR granular biological feed with the particle length of 12 mm.
The biological fermentation material contains water not more than 40%, crude protein not less than 14%, crude ash not more than 8%, and beneficial bacteria not less than 5.0x108cfu/g。
Example 5: the TMR granular biological feed for the cattle comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of corn, 10 parts of grain by-products, 8 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of miscellaneous meal, 6 parts of DDGS, 1 part of stone powder, 0.3 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.6 part of salt, 0.6 part of baking soda, 0.1 part of magnesium oxide, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of multiple mineral substances, 7 parts of biological fermentation material, 15 parts of soybean hull, 15 parts of cottonseed hull, 12 parts of grass and 4 parts of adhesive. Wherein the cereal byproduct is corn gunite, fiber skin, rice hull, etc., and the binder is wheat middling, bentonite, etc. The biological fermentation material contains water not more than 40%, crude protein not less than 14%, crude ash not more than 8%, and beneficial bacteria not less than 5.0x108cfu/g。
Example 6: example 5 a method of preparing a bovine TMR pellet biological feed, comprising the steps of: (1) cutting and crushing raw materials; (2) weighing and mixing the raw materials; (3) granulating at low temperature; wherein,
(1) cutting and crushing raw materials: respectively crushing the corn, the grain by-product, the bean pulp, the miscellaneous meal and the DDGS, and sieving the crushed grains with an 8-mesh sieve with 100 percent of granularity; cutting grass, wherein the cutting length is controlled to be 15 mm; crushing the bean curd skin, wherein the crushed particle size is that the bean curd skin is sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 1.18mm, and the weight percentage of oversize materials is 30 percent; crushing the cottonseed hulls, wherein the crushing granularity is that the cottonseed hulls are sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 5mm, and the weight percentage of oversize materials is 70 percent;
(2) weighing and mixing raw materials: respectively weighing 20 parts of crushed corn, 10 parts of crushed grain by-products, 8 parts of crushed soybean meal, 6 parts of crushed miscellaneous meal, 6 parts of crushed DDGS, 1 part of mountain flour, 0.3 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.6 part of salt, 0.6 part of baking soda, 0.1 part of magnesium oxide, 0.1 part of multivitamin, 0.1 part of multiple mineral substances, 7 parts of biological fermentation material, 15 parts of crushed soybean hulls, 15 parts of crushed cottonseed hulls, 12 parts of cut grass and 4 parts of adhesive according to the following weight part ratio, then uniformly mixing and stirring, wherein the coefficient of variation CV is less than or equal to 5%, and preparing a mixture;
(3) and (3) low-temperature granulation:
a. quenching and tempering: quenching and tempering the mixture, wherein the dry saturated vapor pressure of the quenching and tempering treatment is more than or equal to 2Bar, the quenching and tempering time is 8S, and the quenching and tempering temperature is controlled at 60 ℃ to prepare a quenched and tempered material;
b. molding: feeding the conditioned material into a ring die for molding, wherein the compression ratio of the ring die is 1:9, preparing a strip material after molding, cutting the strip material, and controlling the cutting length to be 10mm to prepare a granular material;
c. cooling, drying and screening the granules: cooling and drying the granules by a cooler, wherein the air suction volume of a fan of the cooler is 29040M3And H, when the opening of a valve of a cooler fan is 60 percent, and the moisture of the granular materials is lower than 14 percent, the granular materials enter a grading sieve for sieving to obtain the cattle TMR granular biological feed with the particle length of 10 mm.
The biological fermentation material contains water not more than 40%, crude protein not less than 14%, crude ash not more than 8%, and beneficial bacteria not less than 5.0x108cfu/g。
Example 7: the biofermentation feed of examples 2-4 was prepared as follows:
(1) preparation of seed liquid
A. Preparation of seed liquid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Sequentially carrying out slant culture, primary seed liquid culture, secondary seed liquid culture and fermentation tank culture on saccharomyces cerevisiae to prepare seed liquid of the saccharomyces cerevisiae;
the slant culture, the first-stage seed liquid culture, the second-stage seed liquid culture and the fermentation tank culture of the saccharomyces cerevisiae are all carried out at the temperature of 30 ℃ for 24-48 h;
the saccharomyces cerevisiae slant culture medium is 10.0g of yeast extract and 20.0g of glucose, distilled water is added to 1000ml, 20.0g of protein and 20g of agar powder, and the pH is natural; or malt agar medium of Kyork corporation of Guangdong. The first-stage seed liquid and the second-stage seed liquid have the same components as the slant culture medium, and no agar is added;
B. bacillus subtilis
Sequentially carrying out slant culture, first-stage seed liquid culture, second-stage seed liquid culture and fermentation tank culture on bacillus subtilis to prepare seed liquid of the bacillus subtilis;
the slant culture, the first-stage seed liquid culture, the second-stage seed liquid culture and the fermentation tank culture of the bacillus subtilis are all carried out at the temperature of 37 ℃ for 24 hours;
bacillus subtilis slant activation medium (beef extract peptone medium): 1g of dried egg white, 0.3g of beef extract, 0.5g of NaCl, 100mL of distilled water, 2g of agar powder and pH 7.0. The first-stage seed liquid and the second-stage seed liquid have the same components as those of the slant culture medium, and no agar is added.
C. Lactobacillus plantarum
Sequentially carrying out slant culture, primary seed liquid culture, secondary seed liquid culture and fermentation tank culture on lactobacillus plantarum to prepare seed liquid of the lactobacillus plantarum;
the slant culture, the first-stage seed liquid culture, the second-stage seed liquid culture and the fermentation tank culture of the lactobacillus plantarum are all carried out at the temperature of 37 ℃ for 48-72 hours;
the lactobacillus plantarum slant activation culture medium is an MRS culture medium (the components are 10.0g of dried egg white, 10.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of yeast extract, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen citrate, 20.0g of glucose, 801.0 mL of Tween, 5.0g of sodium acetate trihydrate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58g of magnesium sulfate, 0.25g of manganese sulfate, 1000mL of distilled water and 20g of agar powder with the pH of 6.2-6.6) or an MRS agar culture medium purchased from Guangdong Huaka company. The first-stage seed liquid and the second-stage seed liquid have the same components as those of the slant culture medium, and no agar is added.
Preparing the seed solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the seed solution of Bacillus subtilis and the seed solution of Lactobacillus plantarum with total bacterial count not less than 100 x108。
(2) Solid state fermentation to obtain biological fermentation material
Mixing the lactobacillus plantarum: and (3) saccharomyces cerevisiae: the bacillus subtilis is mixed and inoculated in a concentrated feed culture medium according to the ratio of 1:2:1, the ratio of feed to water is 1:1, the inoculation amount is 10%, the fermentation temperature is 34 ℃, the material layer thickness is 83cm, the fermentation time is 60 hours, and the material turning times are 1 time, so that the biological fermentation material is prepared.
The concentrated feed culture medium comprises: 28.65 parts of corn protein, 5.0 parts of soybean meal, 5.0 parts of rapeseed meal, 7.0 parts of cottonseed meal, 14.5 parts of DDGS, 0.8 part of salt, 1.0 part of soda, 1.7 parts of stone powder, 0.6 part of urea, 0.2 part of premix, 0.15 part of magnesium oxide, 0.4 part of calcium hydrophosphate and 35 parts of corn.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis are purchased from China center for industrial microorganism culture Collection.
The Lactobacillus plantarum is Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC1.103(Lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC 1.103); the Saccharomyces cerevisiae is Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC2.119(Saccharomyces cerevisiae CGMCC 2.119); the Bacillus subtilis has CGMCC NO.2396(Saccharomyces cerevisiae NO. 2396).
Example 8: analysis of economic benefits
Note: the economic benefit of the pasture is shown above, the traditional bulk TMR daily ration is fed to the test group and the control group before the test, the feeding amount is 40 kg, the dry matter feed intake in 40 kg is 20 kg, and the cost is 60 yuan; the feed intake of the experimental group is 22 kg of the TMR granular biological feed for the cattle, the total cost is 55 yuan, and the milk price of the pasture is calculated according to 4 yuan/kg. The profit of each cow in the test group is 41.6 yuan per day, the profit of each cow in the control group is 29.08 yuan per day, the profit of each cow in the test group is 12.52 yuan per day and the profit of each cow in the 350 cattle is 4382 yuan per day.
Claims (6)
1. The TMR granular biological feed for the cattle is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 14-35 parts of corn, 4-15 parts of grain by-products, 2-15 parts of soybean meal, 2-10 parts of miscellaneous meal, 4-15 parts of DDGS, 0.5-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.1-0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-1 part of salt, 0.3-1.5 parts of baking soda, 0.05-0.2 part of magnesium oxide, 0.05-0.2 part of multivitamins, 0.05-0.2 part of various mineral substances, 2-10 parts of biological fermentation materials, 10-20 parts of soybean hulls, 10-20 parts of cottonseed hulls and 5-20 parts of grass.
2. The bovine TMR pellet biological feed of claim 1, further comprising no more than 5 parts of a binder.
3. The TMR pellet biological feed for cattle of claim 1 or 2, wherein the biological fermentation material has a moisture content of not more than 40%, a crude protein content of not less than 14% by mass, a crude ash content of not more than 8% by mass, and a total number of beneficial bacteria of not less than 5.0x108cfu/g。
4. The preparation method of the TMR granular biological feed for the cattle is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) cutting and crushing raw materials; (2) weighing and mixing the raw materials; (3) granulating at low temperature; wherein,
(1) cutting and crushing raw materials: respectively crushing the corn, the grain by-product, the bean pulp, the miscellaneous meal and the DDGS, and sieving the crushed grains with an 8-mesh sieve with 100 percent of granularity; cutting grass, wherein the cutting length is controlled to be 10-20 mm; crushing the bean curd skin, wherein the crushed particle size is that the bean curd skin is sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 1.18mm, and the weight percentage of oversize materials is 20-40%; crushing cottonseed hulls, wherein the crushing granularity is that the cottonseed hulls are sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 5mm, and the weight percentage of oversize materials is 60-85%;
(2) weighing and mixing raw materials: respectively weighing 14-35 parts of crushed corn, 4-15 parts of crushed grain by-products, 2-15 parts of crushed soybean meal, 2-10 parts of crushed miscellaneous meal, 4-15 parts of crushed DDGS, 0.5-1.5 parts of stone powder, 0.1-0.5 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.3-1 part of salt, 0.3-1.5 parts of baking soda, 0.05-0.2 part of magnesium oxide, 0.05-0.2 part of various vitamins, 0.05-0.2 part of various minerals, 2-10 parts of biological fermentation materials, 10-20 parts of crushed soybean hulls, 10-20 parts of crushed cottonseed hulls, 5-20 parts of cut grass, uniformly mixing and stirring, wherein the coefficient of variation CV is less than or equal to 5%, and preparing a mixture;
(3) and (3) low-temperature granulation:
a. quenching and tempering: quenching and tempering the mixture, wherein the dry saturation vapor pressure of the quenching and tempering treatment is more than or equal to 2Bar, the quenching and tempering time is 5-10S, and the quenching and tempering temperature is controlled at 58.6-61.4 ℃ to prepare a quenched and tempered material;
b. molding: feeding the conditioned material into a ring die for molding, wherein the compression ratio of the ring die is 1:6-1:11, preparing a strip material after molding, cutting the strip material, and controlling the cutting length to be 9-12mm to prepare a granular material;
c. cooling, drying and screening the granules: cooling and drying the granules by a cooler, wherein the air suction volume of a fan of the cooler is 28040M3/H-30040M3And H, opening the valve of the cooler fan to be 50-70%, and screening the granular material by a grading sieve when the moisture of the granular material is lower than 14% to obtain the cattle TMR granular biological feed with the grain length of 9-12 mm.
5. The method for preparing TMR pellet biological feed for cattle of claim 4, wherein the step (2) further comprises no more than 5 parts of a binder.
6. The method for preparing TMR pellet biological feed for cattle of claim 4 or 5, wherein the biological fermentation material has a water content of not more than 40%, a crude protein content of not less than 14%, a crude ash content of not more than 8%, and a total number of beneficial bacteria of not less than 5.0x108cfu/g。
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