CN106314822A - Method for normalizing safety margin evaluation of electromagnetic environment of airplane - Google Patents
Method for normalizing safety margin evaluation of electromagnetic environment of airplane Download PDFInfo
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- CN106314822A CN106314822A CN201610892277.9A CN201610892277A CN106314822A CN 106314822 A CN106314822 A CN 106314822A CN 201610892277 A CN201610892277 A CN 201610892277A CN 106314822 A CN106314822 A CN 106314822A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0807—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by the application
- G01R29/0814—Field measurements related to measuring influence on or from apparatus, components or humans, e.g. in ESD, EMI, EMC, EMP testing, measuring radiation leakage; detecting presence of micro- or radiowave emitters; dosimetry; testing shielding; measurements related to lightning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/001—Measuring interference from external sources to, or emission from, the device under test, e.g. EMC, EMI, EMP or ESD testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/0864—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
- G01R29/0892—Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
- G01R31/008—Testing of electric installations on transport means on air- or spacecraft, railway rolling stock or sea-going vessels
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for normalizing safety margin evaluation of an electromagnetic environment of an airplane. The method includes a fuselage screen effect method suitable for the safety margin evaluation of an external electromagnetic environment of the airplane and comprises steps as follows: (1), determining a to-be-evaluated system; (2), determining level of the external electromagnetic environment of the airplane; (3), determining a fuselage shielding effectiveness in the equipment installation positions; (4), determining level of an actual electromagnetic field of each equipment installation position; (5), determining electromagnetic compatibility design control level of equipment; (6), performing conformity evaluation. According to the method, the safety margin evaluation work of the electromagnetic environment of the airplane is normalized, the operability is high, the practical guidance performance is good, the working efficiency of the engineering evaluation can be remarkably improved, and the cost is reduced.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to be applied to the electromagnetic compatibility test of aircraft, particularly relate to aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin
Code method.
[background technology]
Before the aircraft development stage especially shapes, need with regard to aircraft the external electromagnetic environment of actually used experience
Adaptability, and the margin of safety that this is possessed by aircraft is estimated.It includes airborne equipment, system, each aspect of full machine really
Recognize and verify work, both having needed a set of comprehensive elaboration program and carefully planned guidance, be also relied on corresponding complete skill
Document, data computational analysis, the support of test measured result.
Airborne vehicle Airworthiness Certification file, Its Relevant Technology Standards typically specify only the requirement of electromagnetic environment margin of safety,
I.e. under the conditions of what electromagnetic environment, how aircraft shows, particularly as being (with every meter of some volts of electricity at bad electromagnetic environment
Field intensity is measured) under keep how function and performance, and do not provide exercisable checking code.Therefore electromagnetic compatibility neck is pressed
The way that territory is conventional, it is simply that require that aircraft directly carries out high field intensity radiation irradiates HIRF test by definition.
But the energy-rich radiation level value that the test of aircraft electromagnetic environment margin of safety relates to is far beyond current industrial quarters
Actual tests level of ability, i.e. is difficult to meet these regulations, in the industry in the urgent need to seeking and working out one with conventional test methods
A little more simple and feasible alternative methods.
[summary of the invention]
It is an object of the invention to provide several aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method, existing in order to solve
Mode experimentation cost and the problem of research and development of products high cost.
For realizing the object of the invention, the present invention proposes a kind of aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method and comprises suitable
Fuselage screen for aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment Safety Margin is followed, and the method comprises the steps:
(1) confirm by assessment system；
(2) aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level is determined；
(3) determine in the fuselage screen usefulness that equipment installation site presents；
(4) each equipment installation site actual electromagnetic field level is determined；
(5) each installation electromagnetical Design of Compatibility control level is determined；
(6) accordance assessment.
According to above-mentioned principal character, consequence when wherein EMC problem occurring according to equipment, aircraft being likely to result in and harm
Degree, the influence degree of mission that aircraft is carried out task, the functional characteristic of equipment, the discordance of hardware and relevant the most true
Qualitative factor, sets up each equipment importance rate and corresponding margin of safety requirement.
According to above-mentioned principal character, determine the number that can directly use user to provide outside aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
According to or the requirement of Certification, typically quote the regulation in some related platform level electromagnetic compatible standards more, be also given specific
The concrete quantizating index of application scenarios.
According to above-mentioned principal character, determine and analysis measurement method outside aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level EMEL, can be used to determine,
The various electromagnetic environments that may meet with during i.e. being used by analysis of aircraft, reference, class, than conventional engineering experience, choose it
The typical scene that middle electromagnetic environment is the harshest, carries out in-site measurement statistics.
According to above-mentioned principal character, determine and simulation calculation can be used to determine, i.e. outside aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
The typical scene that electromagnetic environment is the harshest is carried out the most true to nature, model in detail.Every have tribute of can comparing to electromagnetic environment
The radiation source offered will consider, determine their transmitting power, frequency range, signal waveform, antenna directivity, propagation away from
On the basis of, polarised direction etc. is participated in the experiment, with electromagnetic wave lossless spatial transmission range formula, each field source of communication party's journey numerical computations
Contribution, goes forward side by side row vector superposition and synthesizes total electromagnetic environment.
According to above-mentioned principal character, determine that the fuselage screen usefulness presented in equipment installation site can use field measurement true
Fixed, to or without two kinds of situations of aircraft, the outer diverse location of machine, orientation antenna with safety equivalence level irradiation, to be closed in machine
Note position (passenger cabin, equipment compartment etc.) receives the fuselage screen effect ginseng that minimum signal level difference is this place of measurement that sensor receives
Number.
According to above-mentioned principal character, determine that the fuselage screen usefulness presented in equipment installation site can use simulation calculation true
Fixed, as used electromagnetic-field simulation computation software package, such as EM3D, CST, FECO etc., to aircraft external and internal compositions size, material, especially
Be that the cabin inner structure size of concern equipment, material are installed, carry out the most true to nature, detailed modeling, then select suitable time domain,
Frequency domain value algorithm resolves.
According to above-mentioned principal character, determine that the fuselage screen usefulness presented in equipment installation site can use empirical analysis true
Fixed, i.e. to estimate according to engineering experience, the shielding properties in astomous all-metal cabin is best, typically has the screen of more than 40dB to imitate；
The shielding properties having the metal cabin of perforation is taken second place；The shielding properties in fenestrate, the metal of door or non-all-metal cabin is worst, typically
The screen effect of only below 10dB, strengthens the most on the contrary in resonant frequency, and general fuselage screen effect selection principle is:
0dB screen effect is corresponding without any shielding measure scene, such as non-conductive matrix material structural region, unshielded open zone
Territory, structure electrical bonding are without support area etc.；
The corresponding seldom shielding measure scene of 6dB screen effect, as only a small amount of shielding non-conductive matrix material fuselage driving cabin,
Edge, landing gear compartment etc. before and after wing；
12dB screen effect some shielding measure scene corresponding, as metal aeroplane band crossing cabin joint from rather than full-closed electronic set
Standby cabin, driving cabin, without EMI choke groove door and window/instrument board near zone, in these regions, such as hydraulic tube, cable bundle, metal are led
On the current－carrying conductors such as the wire casing crossing cabin joint that electrical bonding is extremely passed the most very well.
20dB screen imitates corresponding medium shielding measure scene, and as good in current－carrying conductor electrical bonding, bunch of cables presses close to metal structure
The above-mentioned zone of cabling；
The corresponding shielding measure scene very well of 32dB screen effect, in good full-shield metal cabin.
According to above-mentioned principal character, it is by aircraft exterior electricity in determining each equipment installation site actual electromagnetic field level EMEL
Airframe shield effectiveness is deducted outside magnetic environment level EMEL.
According to above-mentioned principal character, determine that each equipment actual electromagnetic Design of Compatibility control level needs from electromagnetic susceptibility
Level Electromagnetic Susceptibility Level-EMSL controls and electromagnetic interference level
Electromagnetic Interference Level-EMIL controls two aspects and considers, is typically tested by the EMC of equipment
Report provides；Approved apparatus up to standard for EMC, its electromagnetic interference level is also retrieved from GJB151A the electromagnetism conducting and radiating
Emission Limits, and electromagnetic susceptibility level is as the criterion with equipment measured value.
According to above-mentioned principal character, accordance assessment from the external interface of equipment, including cabinet and interconnection line radiation and
Conduct two aspects, respectively each device data obtained by abovementioned steps, substitute into below equation and i.e. obtain its conduction, radiation safety
Nargin accordance situation:
Electromagnetic interference level EMIL controls≤expects to compare with "-3dB in actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL "
Electromagnetic susceptibility level EMSL controls >=expects to compare with "+M in actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL "
If
-3dB in electromagnetic interference level EMIL control≤actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
+ M in electromagnetic susceptibility level EMSL control >=actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
At this moment the value in margin of safety M=electromagnetic susceptibility level EMSL controls-expect actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
More than the value of regulation, then show that evaluated equipment/system meets requirement.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by above-mentioned method, it is achieved that aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin,
This method strong operability, has the most practical directiveness, can significantly improve and carry out the work efficiency of this type of assessment, fall in engineering
Low expense, the aircraft-level seaworthiness of the civil aircraft contributing to China's implementation at the startup takes, the carrying out of certification work.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet that the present invention is total.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet implementing the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet implementing the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet implementing the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic flow sheet implementing the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[detailed description of the invention]
Referring to shown in Fig. 1, the present invention discloses a kind of aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method, is based on outward
Some accommodations of the response of equal value of galvanomagnetic-effect of equal value that EUT is produced by portion's electromagnetic environment EME stress and/or EUT functional performance
Equivalent Test method, mainly comprises the steps: that (1) confirms by assessment system；(2) aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level is determined；
(3) suitable method is selected to determine the transmission function of electromagnetic environment at external electromagnetic environment and internal focus；(4) according to transmission letter
Number determines focus actual electromagnetic field level；(5) each installation electromagnetical Design of Compatibility control level is determined；(6) accordance assessment.
The present invention, by above-mentioned method, has standardization effect, strong operability, tool to the work of aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin
There is the most practical directiveness, can significantly improve and in engineering, carry out the work efficiency of this type of assessment, reduction expense.As for above-mentioned side
The particular content of each step in method, can specific descriptions in four embodiments below.
Margin of safety Margin refers to sensitive thresholding and the difference of actual interference level in environment, and conventional dB represents.The electricity of aircraft
Magnetic environment margin of safety is the sensitive thresholding difference with environment actual interference level of airborne most sensitive equipment/system, the most generally.
More paying close attention to the concrete electromagnetic environment margin of safety of each airborne equipment/system in engineering, they are the most different, so aircraft
Electromagnetic environment margin of safety be really the minima in the electromagnetic environment margin of safety of each airborne equipment/system.
1. aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment Safety Margin (fuselage screen is followed)
This is a kind of indirect assessment method.External electromagnetic environment Electromagnetic Environment Level-
The largest enveloping of the full machine external electromagnetic environment level that finger aircraft is likely to be at outside EMEL, basic it is believed that locate on aircraft skin
Locate equal for same value.Aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment Safety Margin mainly includes following 6 steps:
1) confirm by assessment system；
2) aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level is determined；
3) determine in the fuselage screen usefulness that equipment installation site presents；
4) each equipment installation site actual electromagnetic field level is determined；
5) each installation electromagnetical Design of Compatibility control level is determined；
6) accordance assessment.
As shown in Figure 2, each step describes in detail sees specific embodiment 1 to estimation flow figure.
2. aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment Safety Margin (high level surface current injection method)
Substitute HIRF irradiation by Bulk current injection method and carry out actual test, checking.The big electricity directly fuselage skin injected
Flow, electromagnetic environment in machine needed for generation aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment Safety Margin, make to be in by test specimen and the outer high level of machine
Under the electromagnetic stress that irradiation field is of equal value, thus produce same response.
Being alternate test assessment, one of advantage is that an overall test completes the peace of the EMC to all airborne equipments the most simultaneously
Full nargin assessment.Its most effective use frequency range 10kHz～1st aircraft resonant frequency (generally aircraft maximum dimension 150～
30 meters of corresponding electromagnetic wave half-wavelengths, 1～5MHz), can be extended to 400MHz, then altofrequency make bad stability.Assessment is main
Including following 5 steps:
1) confirm by assessment system；
2) aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level is determined；
3) device-dependent backflow framework is set up；
4) injection current calibration
A) low level scanning and irradiation；
B) low level surface current of equal value injects.
5) high level surface current injection method airworthiness compliance test.
Estimation flow figure is as it is shown on figure 3, in view of length is illustrated the most in detail.
3. aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment Safety Margin (low level coupled method)
Belong to alternative method, divide LLSCI, LLSC and LLSF tri-kinds by applicable frequency range.LLSCI is applicable to 10KHz～aircraft 1st
Resonant frequency, LLSC is applicable to cable and plays 500kHz～400MHz of main coupling, and LLSF is applicable to cabinet and cable
Influential 100MHz～40GHz.The reason that latter two method overlap uses in 100～400MHz frequency ranges is, major electromagnetic
Coupling mechanism and field source characteristic, field source/object construction material, field source and target distance, medium factors are closely related.Generally
On flivver, cable faradic current plays main coupling, and on big aircraft, space electric field plays main coupling.So at this frequency
General both of which use in section, in order to avoid omitting harsher electromagnetic environment scene.Low level coupling sets up pass in actual measurement mode
Transmission functional relationship between galvanomagnetic-effect and aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment on the airborne equipment of note, i.e. LLSCI, LLSC are equipment
On interconnecting cable, faradic current connects with normalization aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment, and LLSF is equipment installation place field intensity and normalizing
Change aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment to connect.Transmission function linear extrapolation must assess the aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment of requirement the most accordingly
The interior of aircraft electromagnetic stress that equipment should be applied down, thus carry out substituting indirect test checking.Assessment mainly includes following 5
Individual step:
1) confirm by assessment system；
2) aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level is determined；
3) ask machine interior by faradic current or installation on test specimen interconnecting cable aircraft low level scanning (injection current, irradiation)
The transmission function of place's external electromagnetic field；
4) linear extrapolation goes out faradic current or installation place sky on the interconnecting cable corresponding with aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level
Between electromagnetic field value；
5) cable current injection or irradiation, and accordance assessment are carried out with this high level.
Estimation flow figure as shown in Figure 4, in view of length is illustrated the most in detail.
4. interior of aircraft electromagnetic environment is assessed from compatible secure nargin
Internal electromagnetic environment Electromagnetic Environment Level-refer to the whole machine of aircraft the machine in EMEL
The largest enveloping of the full machine electromagnetic ambient level that on-board electrical electronic system, equipment energising work are formed, it is abundant from compatible secure
Degree is assessed and is mainly included following 4 steps:
(1) confirm by assessment system；
(2) each equipment installation site actual (or expection) electromagnetic ambient level is determined；
(3) each equipment actual electromagnetic Design of Compatibility control level is determined；
(4) accordance assessment
As shown in Figure 5, each step describes in detail sees specific embodiment 4 to estimation flow figure.
For the understanding apparent to above-mentioned method, with concrete example, above-mentioned method is said respectively below
Bright.
Example 1. aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment Safety Margin (fuselage screen is followed)
1) confirm by assessment system
Considering the various mode of operations of all aircrafts of each mission phase, system, equipment, the clearest and the most definite interior of aircraft may
The most extreme electromagnetic environment.Consequence when simultaneously there is EMC problem according to equipment being likely to result in aircraft and the extent of injury, to flying
Machine carries out the influence degree of mission task, the functional characteristic of equipment, the discordance of hardware and relevant uncertain factor,
Setting up each equipment importance rate and corresponding margin of safety requirement, usual safe level is 12dB, and task level is 6dB, and regular grade is
0dB；.General middle and high degree spatial domain electromagnetic environment is preferable, and ground or low latitude electromagnetic environment are harsher, and first shut down by near airports, warship
The electromagnetic environment of plate is harsher.
2) determine outside aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
The benchmark of external electromagnetic environment compatible secure nargin assessment it is by outside EMEL.May be used to lower several method determine.
User requires: the direct data using user to provide or the requirement of Certification, typically quotes some relevant flat more
Regulation in platform level electromagnetic compatible standard, also has the concrete quantizating index providing application-specific scene.
Analysis actual measurement: the various electromagnetic environments that analysis of aircraft may meet with during using, reference, class are than conventional engineering
Experience, chooses the typical scene that wherein electromagnetic environment is the harshest, carries out in-site measurement statistics.
Simulation calculation: the typical scene that electromagnetic environment is the harshest is carried out the most true to nature, model in detail.Every to electricity
Magnetic environment has the radiation source of contribution of can comparing to consider, is determining their transmitting power, frequency range, signal waveform, sky
On the basis of line directivity, propagation distance, polarised direction etc. are participated in the experiment, with electromagnetic wave lossless spatial transmission range formula, communication equation
The contribution of each field source of numerical computations, goes forward side by side row vector superposition and synthesizes total electromagnetic environment.
3) determine in fuselage screen usefulness FSE that equipment installation site presents
In engineering, integral body shield effectiveness seems excessively rough, and the fuselage that concerned equipment installed position presents
Shield effectiveness more has practical value.During so defining here with or without aircraft, in machine, sensor received signal level ratio in somewhere is
The fuselage screen effect that this point presents.Determine with following several method.
Field measurement: to or without two kinds of situations of aircraft, the outer diverse location of machine, orientation antenna with safety equivalence level spoke
According to, the minimum signal level difference that concerned position (passenger cabin, equipment compartment etc.) reception sensor receives in machine is for measuring this ground
The fuselage screen effect parameter of point.
Simulation calculation: use electromagnetic-field simulation computation software package, such as EM3D, CST, FECO etc., to aircraft external and internal compositions chi
Very little, material, especially installs the cabin inner structure size of concern equipment, material, carries out the most true to nature, detailed modeling, then select
Resolve with suitable time domain, frequency domain value algorithm.
Empirical analysis: estimate according to engineering experience, the shielding properties in astomous all-metal cabin is best, typically has 40dB
Above screen effect；The shielding properties having the metal cabin of perforation is taken second place；Fenestrate, the metal of door or the shielding in non-all-metal cabin
Can be worst, the screen effect of general only below 10dB, strengthen the most on the contrary in resonant frequency.General fuselage screen effect selection principle is:
0dB screen effect is corresponding without any shielding measure scene, such as non-conductive matrix material structural region, unshielded open zone
Territory, structure electrical bonding are without support area etc.；
The corresponding seldom shielding measure scene of 6dB screen effect, as only a small amount of shielding non-conductive matrix material fuselage driving cabin,
Edge, landing gear compartment etc. before and after wing；
12dB screen effect some shielding measure scene corresponding, as metal aeroplane band crossing cabin joint from rather than full-closed electronic set
Standby cabin, driving cabin, without EMI choke groove door and window/instrument board near zone, in these regions, such as hydraulic tube, cable bundle, metal are led
On the current－carrying conductors such as the wire casing crossing cabin joint that electrical bonding is extremely passed the most very well.
20dB screen imitates corresponding medium shielding measure scene, and as good in current－carrying conductor electrical bonding, bunch of cables presses close to metal structure
The above-mentioned zone of cabling；
The corresponding shielding measure scene very well of 32dB screen effect, in good full-shield metal cabin.
4) each equipment installation site actual electromagnetic field level is determined
Deducting airframe shield effectiveness FSE outside aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level EMEL, just obtain each equipment and install
In the level EMEL of actual electromagnetic field, position.
In EMEL=outer-FSE of EMEL
5) each installation electromagnetical Design of Compatibility control level is determined
The EMC margin of safety of so-called aircraft is too general, and the equipment of different importance rates has the requirement of different margin of safety,
The equipment of same hierarchically secure margin requirement also has different actual margins of safety.So the EMC margin of safety of aircraft is final
To specifically implement on each equipment.The electromagnetic Compatibility Design control level of every equipment, needs from electromagnetic susceptibility electricity
Flat Electromagnetic Susceptibility Level-EMSL controls and electromagnetic interference level Electromagnetic
Interference Level-EMIL controls two aspects and considers.Typically can be provided by the EMC test report of equipment.For
EMC approved apparatus up to standard, its EMIL controls such as the more conservative Electromagnetic Launching limit value being retrieved from GJB151A and conducting and radiate, and
EMSL controls then to be as the criterion with equipment measured value.
6) accordance assessment
From the external interface of equipment---cabinet and interconnection line thus set about in terms of radiation and conduction two, respectively by above
Each device data that a few joint methods obtain, substitutes into below equation and i.e. obtains its conduction, radiation safety margin accordance situation.
Electromagnetic interference level EMIL controls≤expects to compare with "-3dB in actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL "
Electromagnetic susceptibility level EMSL controls >=expects and " interior+the M of actual electromagnetic ambient level EMELRequirement" compare
If
-3dB in electromagnetic interference level EMIL control≤actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
+ M in electromagnetic susceptibility level EMSL control >=actual electromagnetic ambient level EMELRequirement
At this moment the value in margin of safety M=electromagnetic susceptibility level EMSL controls-expect actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
Value M more than regulationRequirement, then show that evaluated equipment/system meets requirement.
The most not only consider that the electromagnetic susceptibility level from safety margin definition is estimated, also add Electromagnetic Launching
The assessment of level, increases some safety factors in giving internal electromagnetic ambient level EMEL.
Example 2. aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment Safety Margin (high level surface current injection method)
Experiment process is: configuration suitably by test specimen earthing mode and earth point position (with reality installation state consistency or
It is easy to test carry out), first carry out low level irradiation, with the faradic current in cable caliper measurements apparatus interconnection cable, then to flying
Machine fuselage appropriate point injects low level current, is sized, make to monitor on the interconnecting cable of concern equipment faradic current with
This measured value is identical, thus obtains the transfer function between irradiation field intensity and injection current.Utilize between low and high level is linear
Faradic current on aircraft skin under the high level irradiation field of relation extrapolation standard-required, this i.e. should be directly injected into current value.?
The Current injection points of rear holding aircraft, earthing mode and earth point invariant position, inject this big electric current to aircraft skin.Inductive step
Rapid as follows:
1) with the outer low Electromagnetic Field Irradiation aircraft of low level E；
2) detect the faradic current of all interconnecting cables of concern equipment, be stuck in cable under test at cabinet 50mm with current clamp
On, measure wherein faradic current I irradiation cable low；
3) to airframe appropriate point, (conventional injection/outflow point is right: head-vertical fin end, head-left/right horizontal tail end, machine
Head-left/right wingtip, wingtip-wingtip, keypoint part both sides etc.) inject low level current, it is sized, makes monitoring
The faradic current I of interconnecting cable to concern equipment injects cable low and 1)～2) I irradiation cable low identical, record this and inject electric
Stream I notes low；
4) above step 1 is repeated)～3) test full band scan is measured；
5) measurement data is to the unit external irradiation field normalization I outer low of note low/E；
6) linear extrapolation will be carried out outside the AVHRR NDVI data aircraft exterior electromagnetic field level EMEL to requiring
Outside I note high=EMEL × the outer low of I note low/E
7) to airframe implantation step 6) the big electric current I that obtains notes high, it is achieved and electric current injects high level irradiation
Substitute.Continuing faradic current on the interconnecting cable of monitoring concern equipment, if also keeping linear ratio relation, confirming electricity the most simultaneously
The equivalence of magnetic environment.
Example 3. aircraft exterior electromagnetic environment Safety Margin (low level coupled method)
Only illustrate as a example by low level current scanning method LLSC.Experiment process is: configuration is suitably by test specimen ground connection
Mode and earth point position (with reality installation state consistency or be easy to test and carry out), first carry out low level irradiation, use strain relief clamp
The faradic current in interconnecting cable measured by pincers, obtains the transfer function between faradic current on irradiation field intensity and interconnecting cable.Profit
With faradic current in interconnecting cable under the high level irradiation field of the linear relationship extrapolation standard-required between low and high level, i.e. sense
Injected value of current.Finally keep the earthing mode by test specimen and earth point invariant position, through cable clamp by correspondence value electric current
Sensing injection is transmitted in interconnecting cable.Induction step is as follows:
1) with the outer low Electromagnetic Field Irradiation of default low level E by test specimen；
2) detection current clamp is stuck at cabinet 50mm, on all interconnecting cables, measures wherein faradic current Ilow；
3) above step 1 is repeated)～2) test full band scan is measured；
4) measurement data low outer to unit external irradiation field normalization Ilow/E；
5) AVHRR NDVI data are carried out linear extrapolation to the high level field intensity of code requirement
The outer low of the outer high × Ilow/E of Ihigh=E
Tested interconnecting cable is sensed implantation step 5 by electric current clamp) the high level energy that obtains, it is achieved electric current injects
Replacement to high level irradiation, completes test.
Example 4. interior of aircraft electromagnetic environment is assessed from compatible secure nargin
1) confirm by assessment system
Considering the various mode of operations of all aircrafts of each mission phase, system, equipment, the clearest and the most definite interior of aircraft may
The most extreme electromagnetic environment.Consequence when simultaneously there is EMC problem according to equipment being likely to result in aircraft and the extent of injury, to flying
Machine carries out the influence degree of mission task, the functional characteristic of equipment, the discordance of hardware and relevant uncertain factor,
Setting up each equipment importance rate and corresponding margin of safety requirement, usual safe level is 12dB, and task level is 6dB, and regular grade is
0dB；
2) in determining each equipment installation site actual (or expection) electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
It is the benchmark assessed from compatible secure nargin of aircraft in EMEL, may be used to lower several method and determine.
Field measurement: make whole airborne electronic equipment/electrical equipment operate at full capacity and switch different working modes, mainly investigate
The limit works such as transmitting, the fastest level rate of change, the fastest power consumption/load switching rate the most by force that high-power, heavy load equipment is possible
Make state.During frequency f >=100MHz, choose the area equipment such as the head/each equipment compartment of fuselage/tail, driving cabin, main cabin, cargo hold
Near cabinet, space is ambient level sampled measurements point, measures the scanning frequency spectrum of focus with three axle Field probes+receiver；Frequency
During f≤400MHz, choose all connector ends of area equipment such as the head/each equipment compartment of fuselage/tail, driving cabin, main cabin, cargo hold
Interconnecting cable is ambient level sampled measurements point, measures the scanning frequency spectrum of focus with current probe+receiver；To scan frequency spectrum
Largest enveloping for expection electromagnetic ambient level EMEL in.
Analyze and estimate: system/device level electromagnetic compatible test standard GJB151A/152A has fully taken into account airborne setting
The electromagnetic environment being likely encountered during standby installation test, conducted susceptibility CS, the examination of radiosensitivity RS in direct label taking standard
Test limiting level in expection electromagnetic ambient level EMEL；Or with conducted susceptibility CS, the test of radiosensitivity RS in standard
It is worth based on limiting level, depending on installation region situation and neighbouring concrete equipment, according to conventional practical experience, if being increased or decreased
Dry measure value carries out Reasonable adjustment.
Analogies of experience: select the data with existing of similar airplane equipment scene, or suitably revise.
Simulation calculation: use Large Electromagnetic simulation calculation software kit, such as EM3D, CST, FECO etc., ties fuselage interior
Structure size, material, lay the size of interconnecting cable, trend, material in cabin, the installation site of airborne equipment, size, material,
The evaluation objects such as the electrical property of equipment, environment, boundary condition carry out the most true to nature, detailed modeling.When selecting suitable again
Territory, frequency domain value algorithm carry out resolving and obtain a result.Simplify the transceiver that can first consider band antenna when calculating, by transmitter spoke
Penetrate power, receiver receiving sensitivity, dual-mode antenna directional diagram and spacing, transmitting-receiving frequency and bandwidth, calculate transmitting-receiving first-harmonic, harmonic wave
Between that may be present interfere impact；Consider further that transmitter, to miscellaneous equipment, is launched power according to transmitter, launched antenna
Directional diagram, transmitting antenna, to paying close attention to equipment installation site, fuselage screen usefulness, utilize communication distance Equation for Calculating to go out to launch signal
Impact on the equipment of concern.
3) each equipment actual electromagnetic Design of Compatibility control level is determined
The EMC margin of safety of so-called aircraft is too general, and the equipment of different importance rates has the requirement of different margin of safety,
The equipment of same hierarchically secure margin requirement also has different actual margins of safety.So the EMC margin of safety of aircraft is final
To specifically implement on each equipment.The electromagnetic Compatibility Design control level of every equipment, needs from electromagnetic susceptibility electricity
Flat Electromagnetic Susceptibility Level-EMSL controls and electromagnetic interference level Electromagnetic
Interference Level-EMIL controls two aspects and considers.Typically can be provided by the EMC test report of equipment.For
EMC approved apparatus up to standard, its EMIL controls such as the more conservative Electromagnetic Launching limit value being retrieved from GJB151A and conducting and radiate, and
EMSL controls then to be as the criterion with equipment measured value.
4) accordance assessment
From the external interface of equipment---cabinet and interconnection line thus set about in terms of radiation and conduction two, respectively by above
Each device data that a few joint methods obtain, substitutes into below equation and i.e. obtains its conduction, radiation safety margin accordance situation.
Electromagnetic interference level EMIL controls≤expects to compare with "-3dB in actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL "
Electromagnetic susceptibility level EMSL controls >=expects to compare with "+M in actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL "
If
-3dB in electromagnetic interference level EMIL control≤actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
+ M in electromagnetic susceptibility level EMSL control >=actual electromagnetic ambient level EMELRequirement
At this moment the value in margin of safety M=electromagnetic susceptibility level EMSL controls-expect actual electromagnetic ambient level EMEL
Value M more than regulationRequirement, then show that evaluated equipment/system meets requirement.
The most not only consider that the electromagnetic susceptibility level from safety margin definition is estimated, also add Electromagnetic Launching
The assessment of level, increases some safety factors in giving internal electromagnetic ambient level EMEL.
It is understood that for those of ordinary skills, can be according to technical scheme and send out
Bright design in addition equivalent or change, and all these change or replace the guarantor that all should belong to appended claims of the invention
Protect scope.
Claims (11)
1. an aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method, it is characterised in that comprise and be applicable to aircraft exterior electromagnetism ring
The fuselage screen of border Safety Margin is followed, and step is as follows:
(1) confirm by assessment system；
(2) aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level is determined；
(3) determine in the fuselage screen usefulness that equipment installation site presents；
(4) each equipment installation site actual electromagnetic field level is determined；
(5) each installation electromagnetical Design of Compatibility control level is determined；
(6) accordance assessment.
2. aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: go out according to equipment
Consequence during existing EMC problem, aircraft being likely to result in and the extent of injury, the influence degree of mission that aircraft is carried out task, equipment
Functional characteristic, the discordance of hardware and relevant uncertain factor, set up each equipment importance rate and corresponding safety
Margin requirement.
3. aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: determine outside aircraft
Portion electromagnetic ambient level uses the data or the requirement of Certification that user provides, and quotes some related platform level electromagnetic compatible marks
Regulation in standard, also has the concrete quantizating index providing application-specific scene.
4. aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: determine outside aircraft
Portion's electromagnetic ambient level uses analysis measurement method to determine, the various electromagnetism rings that may meet with during being used by analysis of aircraft
Border, reference, class, than conventional engineering experience, are chosen the typical scene that wherein electromagnetic environment is the harshest, are carried out in-site measurement statistics.
5. aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: determine outside aircraft
Portion's electromagnetic ambient level uses simulation calculation to determine.
6. aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: determine at equipment
Fuselage screen usefulness that installation site presents uses field measurement to determine, to or without two kinds of situations of aircraft, the outer diverse location of machine,
The antenna in orientation is with safety equivalence level irradiation, poor with the minimum signal level that concerned position reception sensor in machine receives
Parameter is imitated for measuring the fuselage screen of this concerned position.
7. aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: determine at equipment
The fuselage screen usefulness that installation site presents uses simulation calculation to determine.
8. aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: determine at equipment
The fuselage screen usefulness that installation site presents uses empirical analysis to determine.
9. aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: determine each equipment
Installation site actual electromagnetic field level is for deduct airframe shield effectiveness by aircraft exterior electromagnetic ambient level.
10. aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: determine and respectively set
Standby actual electromagnetic Design of Compatibility control level needs to consider in terms of electromagnetic susceptibility level and electromagnetic interference level two, by
The EMC test report of equipment provides；Approved apparatus up to standard for EMC, its electromagnetic interference level takes from conduction and spoke in GJB151A
The Electromagnetic Launching limit value penetrated, and electromagnetic susceptibility level is as the criterion with equipment measured value.
11. aircraft electromagnetic environment Safety Margin code methods as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: accordance is commented
Estimate the external interface from equipment, including cabinet and the radiation of interconnection line and conduction two aspects, respectively obtaining by abovementioned steps
Each device data, substitute into below equation i.e. obtain its conduction, radiation safety margin accordance situation:
Electromagnetic interference level≤expection electromagnetic ambient level-3dB
Electromagnetic susceptibility level >=expection electromagnetic ambient level+MRequirement
Margin of safety MActual=electromagnetic susceptibility level-expection electromagnetic ambient level
If margin of safety MActualValue M more than regulationRequirement, then show that evaluated equipment/system meets requirement.
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| CN106383273A (en) | 2017-02-08 |
| CN103869191A (en) | 2014-06-18 |
| CN106546841B (en) | 2019-12-03 |
| CN106546841A (en) | 2017-03-29 |
| CN106314822B (en) | 2018-08-10 |
| CN106383273B (en) | 2019-05-24 |
| CN103869191B (en) | 2018-04-17 |
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