CN106234107A - A kind of standard tea place building method of applicable mechanization management - Google Patents

A kind of standard tea place building method of applicable mechanization management Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106234107A
CN106234107A CN201610608575.0A CN201610608575A CN106234107A CN 106234107 A CN106234107 A CN 106234107A CN 201610608575 A CN201610608575 A CN 201610608575A CN 106234107 A CN106234107 A CN 106234107A
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tea
pier
tea place
plantation
build
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杨普香
李文金
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JIANGXI SERICULTURE AND TEA RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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JIANGXI SERICULTURE AND TEA RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02Agriculture; Fishing; Forestry; Mining

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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

Mechanization management required standard tea place, the present invention open a kind of applicable tea place building method, standard tea place building method includes tea place addressing and the reclamation of wasteland, determines that plantation specification, tea garden management and Transport Machinery run the construction of rail traffic bridge pier in the air, tea shoot is planted.Build tea garden management and Transport Machinery runs rail traffic bridge pier in the air, bridge pier build the two ends of often row plan plantation Camellia sinensis in, between 50 100cm away from plan plantation Camellia sinensis position, bridge pier is designed as Flos Camelliae Japonicae pier or oiled paper umbrella pier or green bud pier Y type pier, uses entity Single column pier form to build;Using single file hedge planting mode to plant tea shoot, tea shoot planting location is wide row space midline position.By the standard tea place of application claims construction can the construction tea place farming of overhead, tea place, weeding, prune, pick tea-leaves, traffic track that the field machinery such as matter transportation runs, tea place is made to realize full automatic mechanical management, reduce labor intensity, the most also can increase tea place landscape effect.

Description

A kind of standard tea place building method of applicable mechanization management
Technical field
The present invention relates to the standard tea place building method of a kind of applicable mechanization management, belong to agricultural technology field.Specifically Say, be that a kind of reclamation of wasteland from newly-built tea place, plantation specification setting, tea garden management and Transport Machinery run bearing support design and tea The processes such as Seedling planting patterns set about design so that built tea place be applicable to future tea place intertillage, weeding, prune, pluck and Matter transportation etc. are movable implements comprehensive automation, the standard tea place building method of mechanization.
Background technology
Tea industry is labor-intensive production, and management mechanization is the trend of following tea industry development.But, domestic at present Still not having a tea picking machine and tea plant trimming machine manufacturing enterprise, these machines are completely by being abroad located at domestic producer's supply.Tea Garden tiller etc. the most more lacks, and has a minority small-sized tea garden tillage machine manufacturer although domestic, but whether machinery operation energy Power, or production quantity, be all difficult to meet tea district demand, and the tea garden tillage machine etc. that external producer provides, same because power The reason such as not enough, is not the most all suitable for China's tea place farming, along with rural laborer is the most nervous, picks tea-leaves and the tea place such as farming The shortage of Work machine, the most substantially becomes the bottleneck of current tea industry development, as He Jianshe tea place could be suitable for mechanization management Requirement is the key technical problem that tea industry is to be solved.
Li Jianguo, Xiao Hongru etc. think after investigating Japan, and the technical merit of Japan's tree plant cultivation management is higher, and tea place is advised Model, tea row are smooth straight, tea is fluffy neatly, fully achieve mechanization, standardized production.Its tea every trade is away from 180cm, it is simple to machinery Changing operation, tea place farming, tea bush trimmer, tea picking have fully achieved mechanization.Japan's tea garden tillage machine tool in early days is all It is small-sized, has parer, cultivator, deep ploughing machine and fertilizer applicator;Prune and picking mechanical has hand-held, rail self-propelled, machine The riding formula of tool transmission, rail self-propelled lays track on ground, tea place, and tea place farming inconvenience, can only be no-tillage.The most riding Type tea garden managing machine use commonplace, field need not lay track, use crawler belt hydraulic walking device, full hydraulic drive, By different configurations can complete deep ploughing, fertilising, plant protection, prune, the operation such as harvesting, have strong adaptability, working performance high, The distinguishing features such as easy-to-operate, 1 ride-type tea garden managing machine can undertake 40hm2 tea garden management workload throughout the year.But China's Experiment in Introduction shows, owing to China's tea place major part is hilly and mountainous land tea place, Japan's ride-type tea garden managing machine is in China Most of tea place cannot apply.
Extremely lack situation in view of China's current tea place Work machine, the most each scientific research institution is all concentrating science and technology power Amount, exploitation China has the tea place Work machine of intellectual property, especially to open Famous High-quality Tea picking mechanical and supporting picked technology Exhibition primary study, but progress is slow, and result of study shows, identical field management technology, supporting picked technology and machinery, Affected by factors such as activity duration, operation plot, operating personnels, tea garden management farm work, particularly Mechaniaed harvest Difference on effect is very big, and operation quality is difficult to control to, and the fresh leaf of Mechaniaed harvest is extremely difficult to produce the requirement of high grade tea.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to low for existing tea place standardization, affected machinery be turned into by tea place plantation topography and geomorphology Industry is difficult, the problem of operation effectiveness difference, plans and cropping pattern by reforming newly-built tea place, innovation tea place mechanical workings, for Solve tea place farming, apply fertilizer, prune, pluck and the mechanical work labor intensity such as matter transportation is big, prune and picking mechanical is on ground Caused by unfavorable factors such as ground injustice, operator's balanced capacities when face is run pruning and plucking fluffy face being uneven, newly The problem that leaf quality is plucked in the irregular impact of tip growth, it is provided that the standard tea place building method of a kind of applicable mechanization management.
The technical scheme is that the standard tea place building method that a kind of applicable mechanization manages, it is characterised in that: tea Garden construction scheme is tea place addressing and the reclamation of wasteland, determines and plant specification, construction bridge pier, tea shoot plantation, in standard tea place tea shoot kind Consider tea garden management and the operation job requirements of Transport Machinery before planting, build carrying tea garden management and Transport Machinery in overhead, tea place The aerial rail traffic bridge pier run, solves current tea garden management machinery and is all dependent on people's walking or crawler belt at ground handling, It is subject to artificial and the influence of topography is big, the problem of operating effect difference.The present invention builds tea garden management machinery in tea place and runs track friendship Logical bridge pier, bridge pier build the two ends of often row plan plantation Camellia sinensis, between the 50-100cm away from plan plantation Camellia sinensis position, bridge in Liang Dun is designed as Flos Camelliae Japonicae pier or oiled paper umbrella pier or green bud pier Y type pier, uses entity Single column pier form to build.The present invention builds up Standard tea place be the basis that following tea place realizes full automatic mechanical management.
Tea place addressing is advisable with 0 °~20 ° of hillside fields or hills, and field planning is carried out by standard tea place construction specification, and field is pressed Gentle slope or contour terrace are opened up wasteland;Plantation specification wide row space 160-180cm, often to be set to 30-50 rice according to landform long for row Camellia sinensis;? Tea place pipe is built at the two ends of often row plan plantation Camellia sinensis after reclaiming and determining plantation specification centered by wide row space center line in tea place Reason and transportating machine rail traffic design of substructure and bridge pier construction, bridge pier is built according to " highway bridge and culvert construction technology Specification " require design, bridge pier type is Flos Camelliae Japonicae pier or oiled paper umbrella pier or green bud pier Y type pier, uses entity Single column pier form Build;Tea shoot plantation uses single file hedge planting, and tea shoot planting location is wide row space midline position, and clump is away from 20-33cm, every clump of 2-3 Strain.
Concrete steps: 1) tea place addressing and the reclamation of wasteland: field, tea place of the present invention selects to be advisable with 0 °~20 ° of hillside fields or hills, Field carries out integrated planning after determining, arranges roadnet, partition functionality district, arranges water draining and accumulating system, and configuration is good diversified Ecosystem.The gradient 0 °~the level land of 10 ° or gentle slope are pressed wide row space 160-180cm and are opened up wasteland;10 °~20 ° hills of the gradient are by contour Building terraced fields, tread width at least 180cm width is opened up wasteland, and coordinates simultaneously and builds road, adjust landform, divides plot, tea place.Carry out Plantation specification is set after just cultivating and reclaiming.
2) plantation specification: the gradient 0 °~the level land of 10 ° or gentle slope arrange line-spacing by wide row space 160-180cm;The gradient 10 °~ 20 ° of hills, each tread is arranged by 1 row Camellia sinensis, and often to be set to 30-50 rice according to landform long for row Camellia sinensis.
3) tea garden management and Transport Machinery run rail traffic bridge pier: complete after reclaiming and determine plantation specification in tea place Tea garden management and Transport Machinery run track traffic design of substructure and construction, i.e. bridge pier construction in the air.Bridge pier is built Require design according to " highway bridge and culvert construction technique normalizing ", be designed specifically to: at the two ends of often row plan plantation Camellia sinensis with big row Building tea garden management and transportating machine rail traffic bridge pier centered by center line, bridge pier is designed as Flos Camelliae Japonicae pier or oilpaper Umbrella pier or green bud pier type Y type pier, use entity Single column pier shape to build.
4) tea shoot plantation: using single file hedge planting mode to plant, tea shoot planting location is wide row space midline position, and clump is away from 20- 33cm, every clump of 2-3 strain.
The attainable effect of the present invention is: High-Speed Railway Bridge Construction theory is applied to the construction of newly-built tea place by the present invention, Implement tea place overhead rail traffic design of substructure and construction in advance, solved conventional tea plantation and be completely dependent on operator's row The operation intensity that enforcement mechanization of coming up exists is big, by artificial and that the influence of topography is big, operation effectiveness is poor problem.This invents breakthrough The traditional thought of tea place mechanization management, is the innovation of tea place mechanization management philosophy, is again tea place mechanization management Technological innovation, the present invention, if applying making tea place mechanization management technique realize new leap in tea place, fills up tea place machine Toolization management new technique is blank.
It is an advantage of the current invention that: High-Speed Railway Bridge Construction theory is applied to the construction of newly-built tea place by the present invention, in advance Implement tea place overhead rail traffic design of substructure and construction, solved conventional tea plantation and be completely dependent on operator and walk The operation intensity implementing mechanization existence is big, by artificial and that the influence of topography is big, operation effectiveness is poor problem.This invention breaches tea The traditional thought of garden mechanization management, is the innovation of tea place mechanization management philosophy, is again the technology of tea place mechanization management Innovation, the present invention, if applying making tea place mechanization management technique realize new leap in tea place, fills up tea place mechanization Management new technique is blank.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
1. tea place addressing and the reclamation of wasteland: select about 100 mu gradients of area less than 15 ° of circular hillsides as base, newly-built tea place, First carry out the planning of overall field, major trunk roads, Huan Yuan road and by-path are set by the construction scheme of standard tea place, by field hillside fields shape near the mountain Open up wasteland, water draining and accumulating system is set, the good diversified ecosystem of configuration.Shape is opened up wasteland by tread width 180cm near the mountain, repaiies Build road, adjust landform, divide plot, tea place.Carry out respectively just cultivating and reclaiming, after reclaiming, determine plantation specification.
2) plantation specification: line-spacing is set by wide row space 160cm, often to be set to 30-50 rice according to landform long for row Camellia sinensis, according to It is 5 plot that hillside is evenly dividing by overall landform, and the setting surrounded by mountains of tea row, on same equal pitch contour, the tea row in 5 plot is with identical Length is arranged.
3) tea garden management and Transport Machinery run rail traffic bridge pier: complete after reclaiming and determine plantation specification in tea place Overhead, tea place tea garden management and Transport Machinery run track traffic design of substructure and construction, i.e. bridge pier construction.Bridge pier Build according to " highway bridge and culvert construction technique normalizing " require design, be designed specifically to: often row plan plantation Camellia sinensis two ends with Building tea garden management and transportating machine rail traffic bridge pier centered by wide row space center line, it is real that bridge pier is designed as Flos Camelliae Japonicae Y type Body Single column pier, pier body size is reseted meter according to the weight+loading of carrying tea garden managing machine, is less than 500 kilograms with gross weight Bearing capacity calculates bridge pier design, and concrete construction program is by " highway bridge and culvert construction technique normalizing " requirement design-build.
4) tea shoot plantation: use single file hedge planting mode plant, tea shoot planting location is wide row space midline position, clump away from 30cm, every clump of 2 strains.

Claims (3)

1. the standard tea place building method of an applicable mechanization management, it is characterised in that: tea place construction scheme is tea place addressing With open up wasteland, determine plantation specification, build bridge pier, tea shoot plantation, before the plantation of standard tea place tea shoot, consider that tea garden management is mechanical Operation job requirements, build carrying tea garden management and the rail traffic bridge pier that runs in the air in overhead, tea place of Transport Machinery, Bridge pier build the two ends of often row plan plantation Camellia sinensis in, and between the 50-100cm away from plan plantation Camellia sinensis position, bridge pier designs For Flos Camelliae Japonicae pier or oiled paper umbrella pier or green bud pier Y type pier, entity Single column pier form is used to build.
Be suitable for the most according to claim 1 mechanization management standard tea place building method, it is characterised in that: tea place addressing with Being advisable in 0 °~20 ° of hillside fields or hills, field planning is carried out by standard tea place construction specification, and field is opened by gentle slope or contour terrace Cultivate;Plantation specification wide row space 160-180cm, often to be set to 30-50 rice according to landform long for row Camellia sinensis;Reclaim in tea place and determine kind After planting specification, tea garden management and Transport Machinery are built at tea centered by wide row space center line in the two ends in often row plan plantation Camellia sinensis The track traffic design of substructure of dry running and bridge pier construction on garden, bridge pier is built according to " highway bridge and culvert construction technology Specification " require design, bridge pier type is Flos Camelliae Japonicae pier or oiled paper umbrella pier or green bud pier Y type pier, uses entity Single column pier form Build;Tea shoot plantation uses single file hedge planting, and tea shoot planting location is wide row space midline position, and clump is away from 20-33cm, every clump of 2-3 Strain.
It is suitable for the standard tea place building method of mechanization management the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step of the method Rapid: 1) tea place addressing and the reclamation of wasteland: field, tea place of the present invention selects to be advisable with 0 °~20 ° of hillside fields or hills, and field is carried out after determining Integrated planning, arranges roadnet, partition functionality district, arranges water draining and accumulating system, the good diversified ecosystem of configuration;The gradient 0 ° ~the level land of 10 ° or gentle slope press wide row space 160-180cm open up wasteland;Contour build terraced fields, tread width are pressed in 10 °~20 ° hills of the gradient Spend at least 180cm width to open up wasteland, coordinate simultaneously and build road, adjust landform, divide plot, tea place;Arrange after carrying out just cultivating and reclaiming Plantation specification;2) plantation specification: the gradient 0 °~the level land of 10 ° or gentle slope arrange line-spacing by wide row space 160-180cm;The gradient 10 ° ~20 ° of hills, each tread is arranged by 1 row Camellia sinensis, and often to be set to 30-50 rice according to landform long for row Camellia sinensis;3) tea garden management and Transport Machinery runs rail traffic bridge pier in the air: complete tea garden management and transporter after reclaiming and determine plantation specification in tea place Track traffic design of substructure that tool runs in the air and construction, i.e. bridge pier construction;Bridge pier is built according to " highway bridge and culvert is executed Work technical specification " require design, it is designed specifically to: build centered by wide row space center line at the two ends of often row plan plantation Camellia sinensis Tea garden management and transportating machine rail traffic bridge pier, bridge pier is designed as Flos Camelliae Japonicae pier or oiled paper umbrella pier or green bud pier type Y Type pier, uses entity Single column pier shape to build;4) tea shoot plantation: using single file hedge planting mode to plant, tea shoot planting location is big row Away from midline position, clump is away from 20-33cm, every clump of 2-3 strain.
CN201610608575.0A 2016-07-29 2016-07-29 A kind of standard tea place building method of applicable mechanization management Pending CN106234107A (en)

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CN103141250A (en) * 2013-02-27 2013-06-12 湖南农业大学 Industrial crop growing method used in rice field
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006096926A1 (en) * 2005-03-16 2006-09-21 The Era Farming Company Pty Ltd Method of land management involving microbial bioassay.
CN1792130A (en) * 2006-01-06 2006-06-28 李永起 Platform type farmland working method, and special platform therefor
CN103141250A (en) * 2013-02-27 2013-06-12 湖南农业大学 Industrial crop growing method used in rice field
CN104429210A (en) * 2013-09-14 2015-03-25 庄芳 Method for tea production in mountainous regions with high altitude
CN203968613U (en) * 2014-06-05 2014-12-03 王中义 A kind of rail is ploughed machine
CN104663225A (en) * 2015-03-11 2015-06-03 毕宗全 Planting, cultivating and culturing system utilizing territorial air space farmland-building land
CN104885846B (en) * 2015-05-04 2017-03-01 浙江四贤茶业有限公司 Imperial leaf yellow tea leaf implantation methods
CN104982292A (en) * 2015-07-10 2015-10-21 廖联发 Mountain ecological tea garden transformation method

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Application publication date: 20161221