CN106016230B - A kind of Start-up Systems for Direct-through Boilers and method - Google Patents
A kind of Start-up Systems for Direct-through Boilers and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106016230B CN106016230B CN201610496562.9A CN201610496562A CN106016230B CN 106016230 B CN106016230 B CN 106016230B CN 201610496562 A CN201610496562 A CN 201610496562A CN 106016230 B CN106016230 B CN 106016230B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 169
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
- F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B35/10—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type
- F22B35/12—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type operating at critical or supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
- F22B37/228—Headers for distributing feedwater into steam generator vessels; Accessories therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/50—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters incorporating thermal de-aeration of feed-water
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Start-up Systems for Direct-through Boilers and method, the system includes separator storage tank, pressure flash vessel, high-pressure heater, oxygen-eliminating device, the auxiliary vapour header of boiler side, the auxiliary vapour header in steam turbine side, boiler reheater and unit rhone；Wherein, the entrance of the outlet connection pressure flash vessel of separator storage tank, pressure flash vessel have two-way steam (vapor) outlet, arrange air all the way, are discharged into high-pressure heater vapour side all the way.Pressure flash vessel has two-way water out, is discharged into oxygen-eliminating device all the way, is discharged into unit rhone all the way.From boiler reheater to the auxiliary vapour header steam supply of boiler side, the auxiliary vapour header of boiler side and steam turbine Ce Fuqi headers UNICOM.This method has reclaimed direct current cooker by pressure flash vessel and has started hydrophobic water and heat, improves the temperature of boiler feedwater.By boiler reheater to the auxiliary vapour header steam supply of boiler, reduce dependence of the unit starting to external steam, reduce the steam that condenser is discharged into by bypass, there is energy-conservation and cost-effective effect.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of electric power, and particularly relates to a direct current boiler starting system and a direct current boiler starting method.
Background art:
the power station unit needs a certain amount of steam in the initial starting stage and the stopping stage, and the steam is mainly used for shaft seal, a steam source of a steam-driven water-feeding pump, a deaerator for heating, a soot blower of an air preheater, a fan heater and the like. These vapors are currently supplied by an adjacent machine or start-up boiler. These vapors provided by the neighbor or start-up boiler are collectively referred to as external vapors. External steam supply is generally sent to the auxiliary steam header of this machine, and this machine steam is taken from auxiliary steam header as required.
The steam source of the auxiliary steam header which is designed conventionally at present is connected with a steam source from a four-section steam extraction or cold-section reheater of a unit besides an external steam source. When the load of the unit is increased to be large enough (generally, the pressure of four-section extraction steam or cold-section reheating steam is required to be more than 0.7Mpa), the steam source of the auxiliary steam header can be switched from the external steam source to the local steam source, and the process is simply called steam source switching.
From the ignition of the boiler of the machine to the completion of the steam source switching, the normal operation of the unit generally requires at least about 8 hours. For a new healthy unit, an external steam source is needed for steam supply at the initial stages of a boiler ignition blowing pipe stage, an empty load stage and a loaded stage, the time for using the external steam source is at least 150 hours for a unit which is relatively smooth in trial operation, and the time for the unit which is not smooth in trial operation is longer.
The external steam source comes from the adjacent machine, and the starting and stopping processes of the unit are limited by the load condition of the adjacent machine. The external steam source comes from the start-up boiler, which is required to accompany the long run. Because the design of the starting boiler does not run for a long time, corresponding environmental protection facilities are generally not perfect, and the pollution is serious in the running process of the starting boiler. At present, most of starting boilers are oil-fired boilers, and the long-time operation cost is higher.
The steam used in the starting stage of the unit is relatively large, the steam used for starting the unit without an electric water feeding pump, the unit adopting a steam-driven fan and the unit needing heating in a factory building are relatively large, and the external steam supply can not meet the requirement frequently. And an adjacent machine is adopted for steam supply, and if the load of the adjacent machine is low, the steam quantity and the steam parameters which can be provided can hardly meet the requirement of the steam for starting. The starting boiler is adopted for steam supply, and if the starting boiler is designed according to the maximum steam consumption, the construction cost of a unit can be increased.
During the shutdown of the unit, an external steam source is required to restore the supply. If the accident condition is suddenly stopped, an external steam source cannot be supplied in time (the time is needed for starting a boiler, and the time is needed for a steam supply heating pipe of an adjacent machine), the steam source of the four-section steam extraction after the machine is tripped is immediately lost, the steam source of a cold-section reheater is limited, and the accident is further expanded due to the loss of auxiliary steam. The steam-driven induced draft fan and the steam-driven water feeding pump can trip after losing a steam source, and the restarting needs a long time, so that the restarting time of the unit can be prolonged.
Before the once-through boiler of the power station is in a dry state, the separator is started to separate out a part of saturated water, the saturated water is stored in a water storage tank of the separator, and the separated water is called once-through boiler start drainage. There are several ways to initiate the drainage of the water.
The first is to recycle the start-up hydrophobic water to the boiler economizer inlet using a boiler water recycle pump. This method mainly has the following disadvantages:
(1) in the working process of the starting system, the working medium of the boiler water circulating pump has higher temperature and pressure, the quality requirement on the boiler water circulating pump is higher, and the boiler water circulating pump of the supercritical boiler in China is mainly imported at present. The cost of the imported furnace water circulating pump is high, the ordering period is long, the thermal power generation is rapidly developed at present, and the supply of the furnace water circulating pump cannot meet the requirements of power plant construction.
(2) The cooling water quality requirement of the furnace water circulating pump motor cavity is very high, and the furnace water pump motor has high temperature and has to be shut down for maintenance due to the blockage of the filter screen in the motor cavity in a plurality of power plants.
(3) The reliability requirement of the furnace water circulating pump on cooling water is very high, and in some power plants, the cooling water leakage of a motor cavity occurs once, and high-temperature water in the furnace enters the motor cavity of the furnace water circulating pump, so that a motor coil of the furnace water circulating pump is burnt out, and the furnace has to be shut down for maintenance.
(4) The maintenance of the furnace water circulating pump is troublesome. As the boiler water circulating pump mainly depends on an inlet, the maintenance conditions provided by a plurality of equipment suppliers are harsh, and the power plant can hardly meet the maintenance requirements. In the past, in a power plant, because a filter screen of a cavity of a motor is blocked, the whole furnace water pump is transported to the factory to clean the filter screen in an empty mode for 1 month, and the cost is wasted greatly.
The second method is to vent the start-up drain to the atmospheric flash tank. This method mainly has the following disadvantages:
(1) the start drain of the once-through boiler is saturated high-pressure water, after the volume expansion of the atmosphere flash tank, part of the water is discharged into the air through the exhaust steam of the atmosphere flash tank, and the part of the water which can be recycled can only be saturated water under normal pressure, so that the waste of water quantity and heat is caused.
(2) The water vapor discharged into the air is condensed and then falls into the surrounding environment, thereby causing pollution to the surrounding environment.
(3) If the quality of water of saturated water in the atmosphere flash vessel is qualified, need discharge to the condenser in, nevertheless because the recovery water temperature is high, get into the condenser after, improved the condensate temperature, can reduce the efficiency of unit, can also influence the safe operation of condensate polishing in addition.
(4) Water in the atmospheric flash tank is pumped into the condenser through the drain pump, so that the investment is increased.
(5) The condenser is connected with the atmospheric flash tank, and the vacuum of the condenser is influenced due to the reasons of internal leakage of the valve and the like, so that the operation efficiency of the unit is reduced, and even the safe operation of the unit is influenced.
(6) The atmosphere flash tank is not closed, and dust in the air can inevitably enter the atmosphere flash tank, so that secondary pollution of starting drainage is increased. If the contaminated water enters the condenser, it will contaminate the thermodynamic system.
When the power station is started, steam generated by the boiler must be discharged into a condenser through a bypass at the stage that the boiler is ignited, heated and pressurized and is not in a run-on state. In the rush and low load stage, part of steam still needs to be discharged into a condenser through a bypass of the turbine.
The steam discharged into the condenser mainly has the following defects:
(1) the heat of the steam discharged into the condenser cannot be utilized, which is energy waste;
(2) the steam is discharged into the condenser, so that the temperature of the condensed water is increased, and the efficiency of the steam turbine is reduced;
(3) the operation of the fine treatment is influenced by overhigh temperature of the condensed water, and the fine treatment cannot be normally put into operation due to overhigh temperature of the condensed water in the initial starting stage of a plurality of power plants;
after the steam enters the condenser and becomes condensed water, the condensed water is pumped into the deaerator by using the condensed water pump, so that the power consumption of the condensed water pump is increased.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a once-through boiler starting system and a method aiming at the problems that a large amount of external steam is required to be used in the starting stage of the existing unit, and steam and high-temperature and high-pressure saturated water generated by the unit cannot be used.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a direct current boiler starting system comprises a separator water storage tank, a pressure flash tank, a high-pressure heater steam side, a deaerator, a boiler side auxiliary steam header and a unit drainage tank; wherein,
the exit linkage pressure flash tank's of separator storage water tank entry, the first exit linkage atmospheric relief valve of pressure flash tank, the first entry of the second exit linkage high pressure feed water heater vapour side of pressure flash tank, the first entry of the third exit linkage oxygen-eliminating device of pressure flash tank, the entry of the fourth exit linkage unit water drainage tank of pressure flash tank, the second entry of the first exit linkage in high pressure feed water heater vapour side of boiler side auxiliary steam header, the exit linkage in the second entry of oxygen-eliminating device of high pressure feed water heater vapour side, the third entry of the third exit linkage oxygen-eliminating device of boiler side auxiliary steam header.
The invention is further improved in that a pipeline of an outlet of the separator water storage tank connected with an inlet of the pressure flash tank is provided with a separator water storage tank water level control valve, a pipeline of a second outlet of the pressure flash tank connected with a first inlet of a steam side of the high-pressure heater is provided with a pressure flash tank pressure regulating valve, a pipeline of a third outlet of the pressure flash tank connected with a first inlet of the deaerator is provided with a first pressure flash tank water level regulating valve, a fourth outlet of the pressure flash tank is connected with an inlet pipeline of the water discharge tank of the unit and is provided with a second pressure flash tank regulating valve, a pipeline of a third outlet of the boiler side auxiliary steam header connected with a third inlet of the deaerator is provided with a deaerator steam supply regulating valve, a pipeline of a first outlet of the boiler side auxiliary steam header connected with a second inlet of the steam side of the high-pressure heater is provided with a steam supply regulating valve, and a second inlet pipeline of the deaerator connected with an outlet of the steam side of the high-pressure And (4) saving the valve.
The invention has the further improvement that the invention also comprises a boiler reheater, a first temperature and pressure reducing valve, a soot blowing steam main pipe of the boiler body, a second temperature and pressure reducing valve and a steam turbine side auxiliary steam header; wherein,
the outlet of the boiler reheater is connected to the inlet of the main pipe of the soot blowing steam of the boiler body through a first temperature and pressure reducing valve, the outlet of the main pipe of the soot blowing steam of the boiler body is connected to the second inlet of the auxiliary steam header at the boiler side through a second temperature and pressure reducing valve, and the auxiliary steam header at the boiler side and the auxiliary steam header at the steam turbine side are communicated through a two-way regulating valve.
The invention has the further improvement that the invention also comprises a boiler side steam user, a steam turbine side steam user, a four-section steam extraction and supply auxiliary steam main pipe, a cold section reheating steam supply auxiliary steam pipeline and an external steam supply auxiliary steam pipeline; wherein,
the boiler side steam user is connected with a second outlet of the boiler side auxiliary steam header; the steam user at the steam engine side is connected with the outlet of the auxiliary steam header at the steam engine side; the first to third inlets of the steam-machine side auxiliary steam header are respectively connected to the four-section steam-extraction auxiliary steam-supply main pipe, the cold-section reheated steam-supply auxiliary steam pipeline and the external steam-supply auxiliary steam pipeline.
A once-through boiler startup method, comprising the steps of:
1) in the initial starting stage of the once-through boiler, steam is supplied to the auxiliary steam header at the steam turbine side through an external steam supply auxiliary steam pipeline, then steam is supplied to the auxiliary steam header at the boiler side through a two-way regulating valve, a steam user at the boiler side takes steam from the auxiliary steam header at the boiler side, and a steam user at the steam turbine side takes steam from the auxiliary steam header at the steam turbine side;
2) in the flushing stage of the direct current boiler, water discharged from a water storage tank of the separator enters a pressure flash tank through a water level control valve of the water storage tank of the separator, the water level control valve of the water storage tank of the separator controls the water storage tank of the separator to operate at a normal water level, the water discharged from the pressure flash tank is tested, if the water quality is qualified, the water in the pressure flash tank is discharged to a deaerator through a first water level regulating valve of the pressure flash tank, and if the water quality is unqualified, the water in the pressure flash tank is discharged to a unit water discharge tank through a second water level regulating valve of the pressure flash tank;
3) after the direct-current boiler is ignited, water discharged from a water storage tank of the separator enters a pressure flash tank through a water level control valve of the water storage tank of the separator, some steam is generated, if the quality of the steam is qualified, the steam in the pressure flash tank is discharged to the steam side of a high-pressure heater through a pressure flash tank pressure regulating valve, if the quality of the steam is unqualified, the steam in the pressure flash tank is discharged to the atmosphere through an atmospheric discharge valve, and the pressure of the pressure flash tank is regulated to be slightly higher than the pressure of a deaerator through the pressure flash tank pressure regulating valve or the atmospheric discharge valve in the process, so that the water in the pressure flash tank can be smoothly discharged to the deaerator;
4) when the pressure of a once-through boiler reheater is higher than external steam pressure, introducing steam in the boiler reheater into a boiler body soot blowing steam main pipe through a first temperature and pressure reducing valve, introducing the steam into a boiler side auxiliary steam header through a second temperature and pressure reducing valve, gradually increasing steam supply from the boiler reheater to the boiler side auxiliary steam header, reducing steam supply from a steam turbine side auxiliary steam header to the boiler side auxiliary steam header, reducing the usage amount of external steam, and when the steam supply from the boiler reheater to the boiler side auxiliary steam header is sufficient, supplying steam to the steam turbine side auxiliary steam header through a two-way regulating valve by the boiler side auxiliary steam header, and stopping using the external steam;
5) in the starting process of the direct-current boiler, after external steam is stopped, steam is supplied to the boiler side auxiliary steam header and the steam turbine side auxiliary steam header by using reheated steam, so that the steam is reduced from being sent to a condenser through a bypass, the steam supply from the boiler side auxiliary steam header to a deaerator and the steam side of a high-pressure heater is increased, the water supply temperature is increased, and the starting speed of a unit is increased;
6) after the once-through boiler is operated in a dry state, the pressure flash tank is operated in an isolated mode, when the pressure of four-section steam extraction or cold-section reheat steam is higher than that of a steam-turbine-side auxiliary steam header, steam of the steam-turbine-side auxiliary steam header and steam of the boiler-side auxiliary steam header are switched to four-section steam extraction or cold-section reheat steam supply, and steam supply from a main soot blowing steam pipe of the boiler body to the boiler-side auxiliary steam header is cut off.
The invention is further improved in that, in the step 2), the pressure flash tank is controlled to operate at a normal water level by the first water level regulating valve of the pressure flash tank or the second water level regulating valve of the pressure flash tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a once-through boiler starting system. The system has the following obvious advantages compared with the system and the method which are generally used at present:
the method recovers the start-up drainage of the once-through boiler by adopting a passive method. a, an atmospheric hydrophobic flash tank is not adopted, so that the defect of the atmospheric hydrophobic flash tank in recovering hydrophobic water is overcome; b, a furnace water circulating pump is not needed, so that the problem of recycling, starting and draining of the furnace water circulating pump is solved; c, starting the direct-current boiler to drain water, expanding the volume and reducing the pressure by using a pressure expander, wherein the saturated water and the saturated steam generated after expansion and reduction have certain pressure, and can be respectively recycled to a deaerator and an auxiliary steam header by using the pressure, so that additional power and energy are not required, and the energy-saving effect is achieved; d, no extra cooling measures are needed in the recovery process, the energy for starting the dewatering is not lost, and the effect of reducing consumption is achieved; e, the steam is not diffused to the surrounding environment, and the effects of saving water, reducing consumption and reducing pollution are achieved;
the invention provides a method for starting a once-through boiler, which has the following advantages: (1) steam is supplied to the auxiliary steam header of the boiler through the boiler reheater, the reheated steam parameter of the boiler can be close to the auxiliary steam parameter after ignition for about 1 hour, and the boiler can supply steam to the auxiliary steam header, so that the dependency of unit starting on external steam is reduced, the time for using the external steam is shortened, and the operating cost is saved. (2) The steam supply of the boiler can meet the starting requirement of the unit from flow rate or pressure. (3) The boiler side auxiliary steam header is connected with a main soot blowing pipe of a boiler body through a temperature and pressure reducer, the rated operating pressure of the main soot blowing pipe of the boiler body is about 2MPa generally, and the newly added headers, pipelines, valves and the like have lower pressure levels and lower cost. (4) The boiler side is taken from the header positioned on the boiler side by steam, and the steam machine side is taken from the steam machine side auxiliary steam header by steam, so that the use amount of pipelines is reduced (taken from the steam machine side auxiliary steam header by steam for the boiler side), and the investment cost is saved. (5) After the system design of self steam supply is adopted, the capacity and the reliability of the starting boiler can be reduced during the design, thereby saving the investment. (6) After the unit suddenly trips, the boiler residual pressure can immediately supply steam for the auxiliary steam, and time is provided for the recovery supply of an external steam source of the auxiliary steam, so that the accident can be prevented from being further expanded due to the loss of the auxiliary steam, and the time for the unit to recover to start and operate is shortened.
Before the steam turbine dashes to turn, the steam that the boiler produced is to arrange to the condenser through the steam turbine bypass, and the steam heat of arranging to the condenser is unable utilization, through the boiler auxiliary steam header, has used reheat steam, has reduced reheat steam and has arranged to the condenser. (1) The heat of the bypass steam is directly recovered, and the energy-saving effect is achieved; (2) the temperature of the condensed water in the starting stage is reduced, and the efficiency of the steam turbine is improved; (3) the temperature of the condensed water in the starting stage is reduced, which is beneficial to the safe operation of the fine processing system; (4) the output of the condensate pump is reduced, and the energy-saving effect is achieved; (5) the heating steam source of the high-pressure heater of the unit is steam extraction of a steam turbine, in the prior art, the steam side of the high-pressure heater cannot be put into use in the starting stage, and steam is introduced into the high-steam side in the starting stage, so that the high-steam side can be put into operation under the condition of low load, drainage does not need to be recovered after a once-through boiler is in a dry state, the high-pressure heater can be normally put into use at the moment, the neutral period of high pressure is ingeniously utilized, the use efficiency of unit equipment is improved, the unit manufacturing cost is reduced, and the investment is reduced; (6) in the initial starting stage, the temperature of the feed water is mainly heated by a deaerator, the heating steam source of the deaerator is auxiliary steam generally, and the steam quantity of the auxiliary steam is limited, so that the feed water temperature is difficult to increase generally, and the method recovers a large amount of high-temperature boiler starting drainage water and increases the feed water temperature of the deaerator. Meanwhile, the boiler feed water is further heated due to high addition, so that the feed water temperature is obviously improved; (7) along with the increase of the feed water temperature, the temperatures of a boiler economizer, an evaporation heating surface and a hearth are further increased, the initial combustion of the boiler is facilitated, the safe operation of the boiler is facilitated, and meanwhile, the fuel is saved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a once-through boiler start-up system according to the present invention.
In the figure: the system comprises a boiler reheater 1, a first temperature and pressure reducing valve 2, a boiler body soot blowing steam main pipe 3, a second temperature and pressure reducing valve 4, a boiler side auxiliary steam header 5, a boiler side steam user 6, a steam engine side steam user 7, a four-section steam extraction auxiliary steam supply main pipe 8, a cold section reheated steam supply auxiliary steam pipeline 9, an external steam supply auxiliary steam pipeline 10, a steam engine side auxiliary steam header 11, a separator water storage tank 12, a separator water storage tank water level control valve 13, an atmosphere discharge valve 14, a high-pressure heater steam supply regulating valve 15, a deaerator steam supply regulating valve 16, a pressure flash tank 17, a high-pressure heater steam side 18, a deaerator 19, a pressure flash tank second regulating valve 20, a pressure flash tank first water level regulating valve 21, a unit water drainage tank 22, a two-way regulating valve 23, a high-pressure heater water level regulating valve 24 and a pressure flash tank pressure regulating valve 25.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention relates to a method for starting a once-through boiler, which specifically comprises the following steps:
a pressure flash tank is connected behind a 361 valve of the direct-flow boiler of the thermal generator set;
two paths of steam pipelines are led out from the upper part of the pressure flash tank, one path of steam pipeline leads to the steam side of the high-pressure heater, and the other path of steam pipeline exhausts the atmosphere;
two water pipelines are led out from the lower part of the pressure flash tank, one pipeline leads to a water supply pipeline of the deaerator, and the other pipeline leads to a unit drainage tank;
in the starting process of the unit, when the water quality is unqualified, the water is discharged to a unit drainage tank through the pressure flash tank, and the water is recovered to a deaerator after the water quality is qualified;
the water level of the pressure flash tank is controlled by a water drain valve at the bottom, and the highest water level is controlled without influencing the expansion and separation of saturated water entering the pressure flash tank. In any event, the pressure flash tank water level should not be higher than the maximum level when the bottom drain valve is fully open.
The pressure of the pressure flash tank is controlled by a top steam exhaust valve, and the pressure of the pressure flash tank is controlled to be slightly higher than the auxiliary steam pressure and the deaerator pressure. In any event, the pressure flash vessel pressure should not be greater than 2MPa when the top vent valve is fully open.
The steam source of the auxiliary steam header on the boiler side has two paths, the first path is the boiler soot blowing steam subjected to temperature and pressure reduction, and the second path is the auxiliary steam header on the steam turbine side. The boiler side auxiliary steam header and the steam turbine side auxiliary steam header can supply steam mutually. The boiler soot blowing steam is steam for reducing temperature and pressure of the reheated steam of the boiler.
The users of the boiler side auxiliary steam header are plasma air heaters, air preheaters for blowing ash, deaerators, high-pressure heating steam, steam sources of a steam-driven fan and ash hoppers for heating, fuel oil atomized steam, fuel oil swept steam, plant heating steam and the like.
The following takes a 660MW supercritical unit once-through boiler starting system and method of a certain power plant as an example to illustrate a specific implementation mode of the invention.
Determining the boiler feed water flow rate of 520t/h, the separator outlet steam pressure of 10MPa and the temperature of 310 ℃ during the dry-wet state conversion of the once-through boiler according to the boiler design parameters;
determining the steam supply flow of the deaerator to be 182t/h, the pressure to be 1.1MPa and the temperature to be 355 ℃ under the maximum load working condition of the unit according to the design parameters of the unit;
according to unit design parameters, determining that the flow of the water drain on the high steam adding side from No. 1 to No. 2 is 142t/h, the pressure is 7.2Mpa and the temperature is 263 ℃ under the maximum load working condition of the unit;
according to unit design parameters, determining the flow 310t/h, the pressure 4.7MPa and the temperature 220 ℃ of drainage on a No. 2 high-pressure steam addition side and a No. 3 high-pressure steam addition side under the maximum load working condition of a unit;
according to unit design parameters, determining the flow rate of No. 3 high water added to the deaerator for drainage at 396t/h, the pressure at 2.26MPa and the temperature at 189 ℃ under the maximum load working condition of the unit;
and determining the steam flow at the outlet of the separator and the saturated water flow of the water storage tank of the once-through boiler under different pressures according to the design parameters of the boiler. And (3) calculating the expansion times required for expanding and reducing the saturated water at different pressures (higher than 2MPa) to 2.0MPa in an isenthalpic manner. The calculation results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 saturated Water Capacity expansion calculation results
It can be seen from the above table that when the pressure of the start-up separator is 6MPa, the required volume of the pressure flash tank is the largest, and the expansion multiple at this time is 2.61. The higher the pressure is, the larger the expansion ratio is, but the higher the pressure is, the lower the start-up drainage amount is, and the smaller the volume to be expanded is.
The flow area of the pressure flash tank is selected to be 5 times of that of a water discharge pipe of a water tank of the separator, and the volume of the pressure flash tank is 11m3(i.e., maximum volume of 1 minute) to design a pressure flash vessel.
The water discharged from the water storage tank of the steam-water separator passes through a 361 valve and then is connected to a pressure flash tank. One path of the pressure flash tank water discharge is connected to a deaerator water supply pipeline, and the flow is measured to be 520 t/h. One path is connected to a drainage tank of the unit, and the flow is measured to be 520 t/h. The pressure flash tank has two paths of exhaust steam, wherein one path of exhaust steam is atmospheric, the flow is measured to be 40t/h, the other path of exhaust steam enters the steam side of the high-pressure heater, and the flow is measured to be 40 t/h. And a regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline from the pressure flash tank to the deaerator and the auxiliary steam header and is used for regulating the water entering the deaerator and the steam flow entering the auxiliary steam header so as to further control the water level and the pressure of the pressure flash tank.
The pressure flash tank needs to consider energy dissipation measures for water with the pressure of 10Mpa, and needs to be provided with a safety door, temperature, pressure and water level measuring points; other design factors not mentioned in the pressure flash vessel are to meet the design standards of the power pressure vessel and the pipeline.
In the starting process of the unit, when the water quality is unqualified, the water is discharged to a unit drainage tank through the pressure flash tank; qualified water enters a deaerator through a pressure flash tank; when the quality of the exhausted steam of the pressure flash tank is unqualified, the exhausted steam is exhausted into the atmosphere through an exhaust valve; when the quality of the exhausted steam of the pressure flash tank is qualified, the exhausted steam in the pressure flash tank is exhausted into the steam side of the high-pressure heater to heat the supplied water.
Before the main boiler is ignited, the steam supply of the boiler is started only by maintaining the steam utilization of the steam turbine shaft seal, the deaerator for heating, the plasma air heater and the air preheater for blowing the soot under the condition of low load, and the pressure of the auxiliary steam header at the side of the boiler can be maintained to be about 0.5MPa at the moment.
After the main boiler is ignited, the pressure of the separator is greater than 0.8MPa in about 40 minutes, the pressure of the pressure flash tank can be maintained at 0.6MPa, the drained water of the pressure flash tank enters the deaerator, and the steam of the pressure flash tank is drained to the steam side of the high-pressure heater to heat the feed water. Because the water of the starting separator is recovered to the deaerator, the temperature of the deaerator can reach more than 100 ℃, and the condensate pump only needs small flow to replenish water for the deaerator. Due to high input, the temperature of high-pressure water and high-pressure water can reach more than 150 ℃.
After about 80 minutes, the pressure of the reheated steam of the boiler reaches about 0.8Mpa, the temperature reaches about 210 ℃, at the moment, the boiler reheater can supply steam to the auxiliary steam header at the side of the boiler, and then the steam is reversely sent to the auxiliary steam header at the side of the steam turbine, and the boiler can be gradually reduced until the boiler is started to exit. After ignition is carried out for about 150 minutes, the reheating steam pressure reaches 2MPa, the temperature reaches 300 ℃, the auxiliary steam is supplied by the boiler of the engine, the pressure, the flow and the temperature of the auxiliary steam can be ensured, the work needing the auxiliary steam, such as the steam-driven water-feeding pump running and the like, can be smoothly carried out before the main steam turbine running, and the preparation is made for rapidly carrying a large load after the unit is connected to the power grid.
Approximately 320 minutes after ignition, the unit is grid connected. After 380 minutes, the operation is switched to a dry state, and the boiler starting system is quitted. With the rise of load, about 480 minutes after ignition, after the pressure of the four-section steam extraction exceeds the pressure of the auxiliary steam, the auxiliary steam source is switched to the four-section steam extraction, and only a small amount of steam is left in the auxiliary steam supply of the boiler, so that the steam supply pipeline is in a hot standby state.
According to the design, only one 20t/h start-up boiler is required to be equipped, while the conventional design needs to be equipped with one 35t/h start-up boiler.
In the process of boiler blow pipe, empty load and loaded trial operation in the unit construction stage, about 1 hour after the main boiler is ignited each time, auxiliary steam is supplied by the main boiler of the unit, the boiler can be withdrawn after being started, the operation time of the boiler is reduced by at least 150 hours compared with the conventional design, and more than 300 tons of fuel oil are saved.
After the unit normally operates, when the unit is started in a cold state, the boiler is started to operate for 8 hours less, and fuel is saved by about 16 tons. In the warm-state and hot-state starting processes, if the main steam pressure is more than 1Mpa, the boiler can be directly ignited by using the steam boiler of the engine without starting the boiler, the boiler is started for about 5 hours less, and about 10 tons of fuel oil is saved.
Claims (4)
1. A once-through boiler starting system is characterized in that: the system comprises a separator water storage tank (12), a pressure flash tank (17), a high-pressure heater steam side (18), a deaerator (19), a boiler side auxiliary steam header (5) and a unit drainage tank (22); wherein,
an outlet of the separator water storage tank (12) is connected with an inlet of a pressure flash tank (17), a first outlet of the pressure flash tank (17) is connected with an atmospheric discharge valve (14), a second outlet of the pressure flash tank (17) is connected with a first inlet of a steam side (18) of a high-pressure heater, a third outlet of the pressure flash tank (17) is connected with a first inlet of a deaerator (19), a fourth outlet of the pressure flash tank (17) is connected with an inlet of a unit drainage tank (22), a first outlet of an auxiliary steam header (5) on the boiler side is connected with a second inlet of the steam side (18) of the high-pressure heater, an outlet of the steam side (18) of the high-pressure heater is connected with a second inlet of the deaerator (19), and a third outlet of the auxiliary steam header (5) on the boiler side is connected with a third inlet of the deaerator (19);
a pipeline of an outlet of the separator water storage tank (12) connected with an inlet of the pressure flash tank (17) is provided with a separator water storage tank water level control valve (13), a pipeline of a second outlet of the pressure flash tank (17) connected with a first inlet of the steam side (18) of the high-pressure heater is provided with a pressure flash tank pressure regulating valve (25), a pipeline of a third outlet of the pressure flash tank (17) connected with a first inlet of the deaerator (19) is provided with a first pressure flash tank water level regulating valve (21), an inlet pipeline of a fourth outlet of the pressure flash tank (17) connected with a drainage tank (22) of the unit is provided with a second pressure flash tank water level regulating valve (20), a pipeline of a third outlet of the auxiliary steam header (5) of the boiler side connected with a third inlet of the deaerator (19) is provided with a deaerator steam supply regulating valve (16), a first outlet of the auxiliary steam header (5) of the boiler side connected with a pipeline of a second inlet of the steam side (18) of the high-pressure heater is provided with a steam The outlet of the steam side (18) of the high-pressure heater is connected with a second inlet pipeline of the deaerator (19) and is provided with a high-pressure heater water level regulating valve (24);
the boiler is characterized by also comprising a boiler reheater (1), a first temperature and pressure reducing valve (2), a soot blowing steam main pipe (3) of the boiler body, a second temperature and pressure reducing valve (4) and a steam turbine side auxiliary steam header (11); wherein,
the outlet of the boiler reheater (1) is connected to the inlet of a soot blowing steam main pipe (3) of a boiler body through a first temperature and pressure reducing valve (2), the outlet of the soot blowing steam main pipe (3) of the boiler body is connected to the second inlet of a boiler side auxiliary steam header (5) through a second temperature and pressure reducing valve (4), and the boiler side auxiliary steam header (5) is communicated with a steam turbine side auxiliary steam header (11) through a two-way regulating valve (23).
2. The once-through boiler starting system according to claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a boiler side steam user (6), a steam turbine side steam user (7), a four-section steam extraction and supply auxiliary steam main pipe (8), a cold section reheating steam supply auxiliary steam pipeline (9) and an external steam supply auxiliary steam pipeline (10); wherein,
a boiler side steam user (6) is connected with a second outlet of the boiler side auxiliary steam header (5); the steam user (7) at the steam turbine side is connected with the outlet of the auxiliary steam header (11) at the steam turbine side; first to third inlets of the steam-machine side auxiliary steam header (11) are respectively connected to the four-section steam-extraction auxiliary steam-supply main pipe (8), the cold-section reheating steam-supply auxiliary steam pipeline (9) and the external steam-supply auxiliary steam pipeline (10).
3. A once-through boiler starting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) in the initial starting stage of the once-through boiler, firstly supplying steam to the steam turbine side auxiliary steam header (11) through an external steam supply auxiliary steam pipeline (10), and then supplying steam to the boiler side auxiliary steam header (5) through a two-way regulating valve (23), wherein a boiler side steam user (6) takes steam from the boiler side auxiliary steam header (5), and a steam turbine side steam user (7) takes steam from the steam turbine side auxiliary steam header (11);
2) in the flushing stage of the once-through boiler, water discharged from a water storage tank (12) of the separator enters a pressure flash tank (17) through a water level control valve (13) of the water storage tank of the separator, the water storage tank (12) of the separator is controlled to operate at a normal water level through the water level control valve (13) of the water storage tank of the separator, the water discharged from the pressure flash tank (17) is tested, if the water quality is qualified, the water in the pressure flash tank (17) is discharged to a deaerator (19) through a first water level regulating valve (21) of the pressure flash tank, and if the water quality is unqualified, the water in the pressure flash tank (17) is discharged to a drainage tank (22) of the unit through a second water level regulating valve (20) of the pressure;
3) after the direct-current boiler is ignited, water discharged from a water storage tank (12) of the separator enters a pressure flash tank (17) through a water level control valve (13) of a water storage tank of the separator, some steam is generated, if the quality of the steam is qualified, the steam in the pressure flash tank (17) is discharged to the steam side (18) of the high-pressure heater through a pressure flash tank pressure regulating valve (25), if the quality of the steam is unqualified, the steam in the pressure flash tank (17) is discharged to the atmosphere through an atmospheric discharge valve (14), and in the process, the pressure of the pressure flash tank (17) is regulated through the pressure flash tank pressure regulating valve (25) or the atmospheric discharge valve (14) and is slightly higher than the pressure of a deaerator (19), so that the water in the pressure flash tank (17) can be smoothly discharged to the deaerator (19);
4) after the pressure of a once-through boiler reheater is higher than external steam pressure, introducing steam in the boiler reheater (1) into a boiler body soot blowing steam main pipe (3) through a first temperature and pressure reducing valve (2), introducing the steam into a boiler side auxiliary steam header (5) through a second temperature and pressure reducing valve (4), gradually increasing steam supply from the boiler reheater (1) to the boiler side auxiliary steam header (5), reducing steam supply from a steam turbine side auxiliary steam header (11) to the boiler side auxiliary steam header (5), reducing the usage amount of external steam, and when the steam supply from the boiler reheater (1) to the boiler side auxiliary steam header (5) is sufficient, supplying steam to the steam turbine side auxiliary steam header (11) through a two-way regulating valve (23) by the boiler side auxiliary steam header (5), and stopping using the external steam;
5) in the starting process of the once-through boiler, after external steam is stopped being used, steam is supplied to the boiler side auxiliary steam header (5) and the steam turbine side auxiliary steam header (11) by using reheated steam so as to reduce the steam sent to a condenser through a bypass and increase the steam supply from the boiler side auxiliary steam header (5) to a deaerator (19) and a high-pressure heater steam side (18) to improve the water supply temperature and accelerate the starting speed of a unit;
6) after the once-through boiler is operated in a dry state, the pressure flash tank (17) is operated in an isolated mode, when the pressure of four-section extraction steam or cold-section reheating steam is higher than the pressure of the steam-turbine-side auxiliary steam header (11), steam of the steam-turbine-side auxiliary steam header (11) and the boiler-side auxiliary steam header (5) is switched into four-section extraction steam or cold-section reheating steam supply, and steam supply from the boiler body soot blowing steam main pipe (3) to the boiler-side auxiliary steam header (5) is cut off.
4. A method for starting up a once-through boiler according to claim 3, wherein in step 2), the pressure flash tank (17) is controlled to operate at a normal water level by the pressure flash tank first level regulating valve (21) or the pressure flash tank second level regulating valve (20).
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