CN105810535A - Sintering heater structure of klystron - Google Patents
Sintering heater structure of klystron Download PDFInfo
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- CN105810535A CN105810535A CN201610227722.XA CN201610227722A CN105810535A CN 105810535 A CN105810535 A CN 105810535A CN 201610227722 A CN201610227722 A CN 201610227722A CN 105810535 A CN105810535 A CN 105810535A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sintering heater structure of a klystron. The sintering heater structure comprises heaters, a sleeve and an insulating layer, wherein the heaters and the insulating layer arranged in the interior of the sleeve; the heaters are wound to form multiple rings of incense-coil type spherical structures; the sleeve comprises a sleeve top surface, a sleeve bottom surface and a sleeve side wall; the sleeve top surface and the sleeve bottom surface also adopt spherical structures; the distances h from the upper ends of the heaters in each ring to the top surface of the sleeve are equivalent; the heaters (also called as lamp filaments) are designed into the incense-coil type spherical structures; the upper ends of the incense-coil type spherical heaters are tangential with the spherical surface A; the spherical surface A, the sleeve top surface, the sleeve bottom surface, the spherical surface the negative electrode bottom surface, and the spherical surface of the negative electrode emitting surface are concentric spherical surfaces; the overall negative electrode emitting surface can be uniformly heated within a quite short time in the pre-heating process of the heaters; the temperature difference between the center and the edge of the negative electrode emitting surface is effectively avoided; and it is ensured that the overall negative electrode emitting surface can be uniformly "activated ", so that the heating efficiency of the heaters is lowered, and the service life of the negative electrode is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high-power klystron technical field, in particular to a kind of klystron sintering heater structure.
Background technology
The heater that early stage barium-tungsten dispense cathode klystron uses is usually " naked silk ", and namely heater is directly installed in parts without process, and as shown in figure 11, the shape of this heater mostly is incense coil type planar structure, and whole heater is distributed in one plane.Cathode center temperature drift in warm, lip temperature is on the low side, will reach hygral equilibrium and take long enough.Even if sometimes by balance for a long time, the temperature at edge, emission of cathode face still 50～70 DEG C more on the low side than the temperature at center is even bigger.
The emission current of hot cathode is closely related with the temperature in emission of cathode face, and emission of cathode surface temperature is high, and emission current is just big, otherwise, emission of cathode surface temperature is low, and emission current is just little.In the fabrication process, hot cathode, it is generally required to process through " decomposition " (or claiming predecomposition) and " activation " technique.And the activation of negative electrode has the restriction of a maximum temperature, exceeding this temperature cathode " will cross and activate ".So-called negative electrode " is crossed and is activated " after referring to more than cathode activation temperature upper limit, and the electron emissivity of negative electrode will not rise, and declines on the contrary, and negative electrode is once there is " cross and activate ", even if it is also irrecoverable to reduce its emissivities of cathode temperature.If the temperature difference at cathode-side edge and center is excessive, it is possible to two kinds of situations occur.One is that cathode center activates, and edge activates deficiency, and also having a kind of situation is that edge activates, and center " will be crossed and activate ".As can be seen here, emission of cathode surface temperature uniformity it is critical that.
And the thermal loss that " naked silk " state is when making heater work is very big, needs to improve heater heating power in the course of the work and could meet the temperature required by emission of cathode.Along with the raising of cathode technique, occurring in that the Heater-Cathode assembly of sintering, as shown in figure 12, heater and the negative electrode of this structure are sintered together, and reduce the thermal loss of a part.In the Heater-Cathode assembly of sintering, heater is generally adopted double-spiral structure, and the heater of this structure is distributed in the marginal portion of negative electrode, and in heater warm, cathode edge temperature is high, and central temperature is low, will reach hygral equilibrium and be also required to preheating for a long time.And the cathode edge of this structure is very thick, when real work, bigger than normal to the heat radiation of side by negative electrode, the heating power of heater is accomplished by improving.
Said structure is while alumina powder sintering process, also need to negative electrode and cathode support cylinder are welded, and complete " the leaching salt " of negative electrode, " leaching salt " temperature, welding temperature and alumina powder sintering temperature will influence each other, therefore this structure complex process in the fabrication process, it is necessary to special equipment, has certain difficulty, yield rate is not high, and manufacturing cost is significantly high.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of klystron sintering heater structure, poor to solve traditional klystron heater assembly structure heat shielding, and modular construction installs the problems such as complexity.
For realizing this purpose, the klystron sintering heater structure of the present invention, it is arranged on described sleeve inner including heater, sleeve and insulating barrier, described heater and described insulating barrier, described heater is around forming incense coil type spherical structure；Described sleeve includes sleeve end face, sleeve bottom surface and sleeve lateral wall, and described sleeve end face, sleeve bottom surface are also spherical structure, and the distance h between each circle upper end and the described sleeve end face of described heater is equal.
Further, each circle upper end of described heater is tangent with sphere A, and the distance h between described sphere A with described sleeve end face is equal, and is 0.5～1mm.
Further, the curved surface of described sleeve end face and sleeve bottom surface, is concentric spherical with sphere A.
Further, described heater also includes the first lead-in wire and the second lead-in wire, and described first lead-in wire and the second lead-in wire stretch out insulating barrier, and bearing of trend deviates from described sleeve end face, parallel with described sleeve lateral wall.
Further, described insulating barrier is that alumina powder is sintered to be formed, and is filled between each circle of described heater and between heater and sleeve end face, sleeve lateral wall.
Further, described sleeve connection cathodic body, and described cathodic body includes emission of cathode face and negative electrode bottom surface, and described emission of cathode face and described negative electrode bottom surface are sphere, and described negative electrode bottom surface and described sleeve bottom surface fit.
Further, the curved surface of described emission of cathode face and negative electrode bottom surface, is concentric spherical with described sphere A.
Further, described cathodic body also includes cannelure, embeds tantalum wire in described cannelure, and described tantalum wire is connected to cathode support cylinder, leaves gap between sidewall and the sleeve lateral wall of described sleeve of described cathode support cylinder.
Further, described cannelure is rectangular shape along the sectional view of the axial direction of cathodic body, and along the broadside a that axial direction is cannelure of cathodic body, the radial direction along cathodic body is the narrow limit b of cannelure, and a:b=1.5～2:1.
Further, described tantalum wire adopts the method for machinery to embed in cannelure, and tantalum wire adopts the method for spot welding to be connected to cathode support cylinder.
For realizing the purpose of the present invention, the tangent sphere A in incense coil type sphere heater (or claim filament) upper end, sleeve end face, sleeve bottom surface (near negative electrode bottom surface), negative electrode bottom surface and emission of cathode face are concentric spherical；Its spherical radius respectively R4, R3, R2, R2, R1, and the distance h=R4-R3 between each circle upper end and the sleeve end face of incense coil type sphere heater.
The quantity of cannelure and concrete size are determined by size and the weight of cathodic body, generally when cathode diameter is less than 50mm, adopt single cavity.
The operation principle of the klystron sintering heater structure of the present invention is: the first lead-in wire of heater, the second lead-in wire connection power supply are energized, heater is heated, transfer heat to sleeve end face, sleeve end face transfers heat to sleeve bottom surface, sleeve bottom surface transfers heat to negative electrode bottom surface, negative electrode bottom surface transfers heat to emission of cathode face again, and emission of cathode face is heated and is " activated ", and discharges electronics.
The klystron sintering heater structure of present invention design, compared with prior art, has the advantage that
(1) heater is designed to incense coil type spherical structure, and incense coil type sphere heater respectively encloses the curved surface at place and emission of cathode face is concentric spherical, ensure that in heater warm, whole emission of cathode face can be heated evenly within very short time, the temperature difference at center, the emission of cathode face of effectively overcoming and edge, ensure that whole cathode plane is uniformly " activation ", thus reducing the heating power of heater, extends the service life of negative electrode.
(2) heater, sleeve and alumina powder insulating barrier sintering form sintering heater structure, negative electrode after processing with " leaching salt " again assembles, manufacturing process is separately independently to carry out, technological operation is simple, reduce cost, avoid the inconsistent brought to sintering heater structural damage of sintering temperature and " leaching salt " temperature simultaneously.
(3) in sintering heater structure and negative electrode assembling process, gap is left between sleeve lateral wall and cathode support cylinder sidewall, negative electrode is made to reduce to the heat radiation of side, thus reducing the heating power of heater, it is ensured that the heat shielding of klystron sintering heater structure.
(4) in sintering heater structure and negative electrode assembling process, owing to, on the face of cylinder that cathodic body and cathode support cylinder connect, having square-section annular groove.Embedding tantalum wire in the annular groove of square-section, tantalum wire is filled in the annular groove of full whole square-section, mechanically fixes, adopts the mode of spot welding to be connected between tantalum wire with cathode support cylinder.Axially being subject to the restriction on the narrow limit of annular groove, square-section due to tantalum wire, be radially subject to again cathode support cylinder and the restriction on annular groove width limit, square-section, tantalum wire is axially and radially all immovable, thus the firm connection completed between cathodic body and cathode support cylinder.So effectively overcoming cathodic body and cathode support cylinder welding temperature, soak the technical difficulty that between salt temperature and heater alumina powder sintering temperature, temperature is inconsistent brought, thus improve yield rate, reducing cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the profile of the heater structure of sintering；
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of the II of local flag in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the profile after the heater sintered is connected with cathodic body；
Fig. 4 is the profile of cannelure；
Fig. 5 is the profile after cannelure is connected with tantalum wire；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of heater and sleeve connection；
Fig. 7 is the structural representation that heater separates with sleeve；
Fig. 8 is the front view of heater；
Fig. 9 is the side view of heater；
Figure 10 is the top view of heater；
Figure 11 and Figure 12 is the profile of klystron sintering heater assembly in background technology；
Wherein, 1 heater: 1.1 first lead-in wires, 1.2 second lead-in wires；
2 sleeves: 2.1 sleeve end faces, 2.2 sleeve lateral wall, 2.3 sleeve bottom surfaces；
3 insulating barriers；
4 cathodic body: 4.1 emission of cathode faces, 4.2 negative electrode bottom surfaces, 4.3 cannelures；
5 cathode support cylinders: 5.1 cathode support cylinder sidewalls；
6 gaps；
7 tantalum wires；
8 incense coil type planar structure heaters；
9 double-spiral structure heaters.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, klystron of the present invention sintering heater structure, including heater 1, sleeve 2 and insulating barrier 3, and it is internal that described heater 1 and described insulating barrier 3 are arranged on described sleeve 2, wherein, heater 1 is around forming incense coil type spherical structure, known in conjunction with Fig. 2, heater (or claiming filament) upper end of incense coil type spherical structure and sphere A are tangent, and the introducing of sphere A can discuss the incense coil type spherical structure of heater more easily；This structure is different from the incense coil type planar structure in conventional art or double-stranded heater, and it is primarily intended to ensure that negative electrode is heated evenly；Sleeve 2 includes sleeve end face 2.1, sleeve bottom surface 2.3 and sleeve lateral wall 2.2, sleeve end face 2.1, sleeve bottom surface 2.3 are also spherical structure, corresponding with incense coil type spherical structure heater, and each circle of heater 1 is equal with the distance h between sleeve end face 2.1, and heater respectively encloses the distance between the tangent sphere A in upper end and described sleeve end face 2.1 also can also between 0.5～1mm for h (h is preferably 0.5mm), h；It is designed to apart from equal, is to ensure that, when heating to heater, sleeve end face 2.1 is heated evenly；Further in conjunction with Fig. 2 it can be seen that the curved surface of described sleeve end face 2.1 and sleeve bottom surface 2.3, it is concentric spherical with sphere A.
Known in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, heater 1 also includes the first lead-in wire 1.1 and the second lead-in wire 1.2 for being connected with power supply, wherein, first lead-in wire the 1.1, second lead-in wire 1.2 stretches out insulating barrier 3 (insulating barrier is preferably alumina powder sintering and forms), and bearing of trend deviates from described sleeve end face 2.1, parallel with described sleeve lateral wall 2.2, and the alumina powder insulating barrier sintered is filled in respectively between circle and between heater and sleeve end face 2.1, sleeve lateral wall 2.2 of described heater 1, thus avoiding heater short circuit, also can play the effect of heat shielding simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 3, sleeve 2 is connected with cathodic body 4, cathodic body 4 includes emission of cathode face 4.1 and negative electrode bottom surface 4.2, in order to better discharge electronics, negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 and emission of cathode face 4.1 are sphere, simultaneously in order to ensure that emission of cathode face 4.1 is heated evenly, the curved surface of emission of cathode face 4.1 and negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 is concentric spherical, in the present embodiment, the sphere A that incense coil type sphere heater (or claiming filament) upper end is tangent, sleeve end face 2.1, (sleeve bottom surface 2.3 is near negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 in sleeve bottom surface 2.3, negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 and sleeve bottom surface 2.3 fit), negative electrode bottom surface 4.2, emission of cathode face 4.1, it is concentric spherical.
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 it can be seen that in the present embodiment, the spherical radius R2 of negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 is equal to the spherical radius R1 in emission of cathode face 4.1 and the thickness sum of cathodic body 4, and the thickness of cathodic body needs according to design and sets；And the sum that the spherical radius R4 of the tangent sphere A in incense coil type sphere heater (or claim filament) upper end is equal to spherical radius R3 and the h of sleeve end face 2.1, additionally, negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 and emission of cathode face 4.1 can also be designed to other spherical form；Further in conjunction with Fig. 3 it can be seen that leave gap 6 between sleeve lateral wall 2.2 and cathode support cylinder sidewall 5.1, it is ensured that the heat shielding of the heater structure of sintering.
Further in conjunction with Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, cathodic body 4 also has cannelure 4.3, and cannelure 4.3 is rectangular shape along the cross section of the axial direction of cathodic body 4, the broadside a that axial direction is cannelure 4.3 along cathodic body 4, radial direction along cathodic body 4 is the narrow limit b of cannelure 4.3, and a:b=1.5～2:1；Known in conjunction with Fig. 4, Fig. 5, embedding tantalum wire 7 in cannelure 4.3, tantalum wire 7 is filled in full whole cannelure, and is mechanically fixed in cannelure, the mode of spot welding is adopted to be connected between described tantalum wire 7 and cathode support cylinder 5, thus ensureing that cathodic body 4 is connected with cathode support cylinder 5；Owing to tantalum wire 7 is axially subject to the restriction on the narrow limit of square-section annular groove 4.3, is radially subject to again cathode support cylinder 5 and the restriction of square-section annular groove 4.3 broadside, tantalum wire 7 is axially and radially all immovable, thus the firm connection completed between cathodic body 4 and cathode support cylinder 5.
Such as Fig. 6, shown in Fig. 7, the heater 1 of the incense coil type spherical structure in the present embodiment is arranged in sleeve 2, corresponding with sleeve end face 2.1, sleeve end face 2.1 also decision design becomes spherical structure, and sleeve end face 2.1 and described negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 are concentric spherical, in the present embodiment, the spherical radius of negative electrode bottom surface 4.2 is equal with the spherical radius of sleeve bottom surface 2.3, it is R2, the spherical radius R3 of sleeve end face 2.1 is equal to spherical radius R2 and the sleeve 2 thickness sum of sleeve bottom surface 2.3, the thickness of sleeve 2 is also set according to specific requirement, in addition, sleeve end face 2.1 and sleeve bottom surface 2.3 can also be designed to other spherical form；So the purpose of design is also for ensureing that emission of cathode face 4.1 is heated evenly.
Known in conjunction with Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10, heater 1 in the present embodiment is around forming some circle incense coil type spherical structures, around the heater forming incense coil type spherical structure, the center of circle often enclosed is on same straight line, but the radius often enclosed is different, and, the sphere centre of different circle distance cathodic body 4 is different, described heater 1 also includes the first lead-in wire 1.1 and the second lead-in wire 1.2 for being connected with power supply, when the first lead-in wire 1.1 and the second lead-in wire 1.2 are switched on power, after being energized, heater generates heat, and transfers heat to sleeve 2.
Known further in conjunction with Fig. 1, described heater 1 and described insulating barrier 3 are arranged in described sleeve 2, between each circle of described heater 1, and each circle is filled with alumina powder insulating barrier between sleeve end face 2.1 and sleeve lateral wall 2.2, thus ensureing that heater is not short-circuit, in atmosphere of hydrogen, heater 1, sleeve 2 and alumina powder insulating barrier 3 are carried out high temperature sintering, defines the heater structure of sintering.
Known further in conjunction with Fig. 2, after cathodic body is carried out " leaching salt " process, assemble with the heater structure of above-mentioned sintering, it is the formation of the heater assembly of klystron sintering, in order to ensure the heat shielding of the heater assembly of sintering, in the process of assembling, between sleeve lateral wall 2.2 and cathode support cylinder sidewall 5.1, leave gap 6.
nullThe operation principle of the klystron sintering heater structure of present invention design is: the first lead-in wire of heater、Second lead-in wire switches on power，It is energized，Heater is heated，Transfer heat to sleeve end face，Sleeve end face transfers heat to sleeve bottom surface again，Sleeve bottom surface transfers heat to negative electrode bottom surface again，Negative electrode bottom surface transfers heat to emission of cathode face again，In order to ensure the heat shielding of heater，Between each circle of heater，Heater and sleeve end face、Alumina powder insulating barrier it is filled with between sleeve lateral wall，Finally，Emission of cathode face is heated and inspires electronics，In order to ensure emission of cathode surface launching electronics note uniformly，Emission of cathode face should be heated evenly，Heater is designed to incense coil type spherical structure by the present invention，Compensate for the problem that heat radiation in conventional art is bigger，Heater simultaneously、Sleeve and alumina powder insulating barrier sinter sintering heater structure into，Negative electrode after processing with " leaching salt " again assembles，Technological operation is simple，It also avoid the technical problems such as inconsistent the brought heater structural damage to sintering of sintering temperature and " leaching salt " temperature.
Claims (10)
1. a klystron sintering heater structure, including heater (1), sleeve (2) and insulating barrier (3), it is internal that described heater (1) and described insulating barrier (3) are arranged on described sleeve (2), it is characterised in that: described heater (1) is around forming incense coil type spherical structure；Described sleeve (2) includes sleeve end face (2.1), sleeve bottom surface (2.3) and sleeve lateral wall (2.2), described sleeve end face (2.1), sleeve bottom surface (2.3) are also spherical structure, and the distance h between each circle upper end and the described sleeve end face (2.1) of described heater (1) is equal.
2. klystron according to claim 1 sintering heater structure, it is characterised in that: each circle upper end of described heater (1) is tangent with sphere A, and the distance h between described sphere A with described sleeve end face (2.1) is equal, and is 0.5～1mm.
3. klystron according to claim 2 sintering heater structure, it is characterised in that: the curved surface of described sleeve end face (2.1) and sleeve bottom surface (2.3), is concentric spherical with sphere A.
4. klystron according to claim 1 sintering heater structure, it is characterized in that: described heater (1) also includes the first lead-in wire (1.1) and the second lead-in wire (1.2), described first lead-in wire (1.1) and the second lead-in wire (1.2) stretch out insulating barrier (3), and bearing of trend deviates from described sleeve end face (2.1), parallel with described sleeve lateral wall (2.2).
5. klystron according to claim 1 sintering heater structure, it is characterized in that: described insulating barrier (3) forms for alumina powder is sintered, and be filled between each circle of described heater (1) and between heater (1) and sleeve end face (2.1), sleeve lateral wall (2.2).
6. klystron according to claim 1 sintering heater structure, it is characterized in that: described sleeve (2) is connected to cathodic body (4), described cathodic body (4) includes emission of cathode face (4.1) and negative electrode bottom surface (4.2), and described emission of cathode face (4.1) and described negative electrode bottom surface (4.2) are sphere, described negative electrode bottom surface (4.2) and described sleeve bottom surface (2.3) fit.
7. the klystron sintering heater structure according to claim 2 or 6, it is characterised in that: the curved surface of described emission of cathode face (4.1) and negative electrode bottom surface (4.2), is concentric spherical with described sphere A.
8. klystron according to claim 6 sintering heater structure, it is characterized in that: described cathodic body (4) also includes cannelure (4.3), described cannelure (4.3) embeds tantalum wire (7), described tantalum wire (7) is connected to cathode support cylinder (5), leaves gap (6) between sidewall (5.1) and the sleeve lateral wall (2.2) of described sleeve (2) of described cathode support cylinder (5).
9. klystron according to claim 8 sintering heater structure, it is characterized in that: described cannelure (4.3) is rectangular shape along the cross section of the axial direction of cathodic body (4), and along the broadside a that axial direction is cannelure (4.3) of cathodic body (4), radial direction along cathodic body (4) is the narrow limit b of cannelure (4.3), and a:b=1.5～2:1.
10. klystron sintering heater structure according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterized in that: described tantalum wire (7) adopts the method for machinery to embed in cannelure (4.3), and tantalum wire (7) adopts the method for spot welding to be connected to cathode support cylinder.
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| CN114078674A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-22 | 武汉联影医疗科技有限公司 | Electron emission element and X-ray tube |
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