CN105421835A - Method for building underground garage by using poor situation of slope - Google Patents
Method for building underground garage by using poor situation of slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN105421835A CN105421835A CN201510988224.2A CN201510988224A CN105421835A CN 105421835 A CN105421835 A CN 105421835A CN 201510988224 A CN201510988224 A CN 201510988224A CN 105421835 A CN105421835 A CN 105421835A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for building underground garage by using poor situation of slope. The method comprises the following steps: (1) firstly planning the position of a planning area, planning a garage area according to the position of the planning area and reserving a later-period ramp area beside the garage area; (2) marking out an underground garage area and a frontage shop area in the garage area; (3) marking out an entrance area for entering the underground garage area and a step area through which people go in and out of the ground in a minimum-height part of the original natural floor of the place of the frontage shop area; (4) determining shop floor height of the frontage shop area, garage ground elevation and garage floor height of the underground garage area; (5) excavating the whole soil higher than the foundation elevation after the step (4) is completed, and then building the underground garage area and the frontage shop area; and (6) paving an insulation waterproof layer at the top of the garbage, backfilling the soil excavated in the step (5) and punning. Through the method, the topography is reasonably used; the building space is saved; the safety degree is high; the convenience is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to building field, particularly a kind of method utilizing the bad present situation in hillside fields to build underground garage.
Background technology
Along with the development of urbanization and the raising of living standards of the people, urban land is made to have certain scarcity, but the owning amount per capita of automobile is more and more higher, be difficult to build enough parking spaces, the cost on the parking space built is also more and more higher, the office of building before, in business and living area, build in design and just do not consider a large amount of problem of stopping, trade company afterwards or resident is caused to be stopped nowhere, random parks in the cell, by road or in the middle of greenbelt, great inconvenience is brought to the life of surrounding population, and occupy a large amount of publics land.In addition, a large amount of motor vehicle parking parked nowhere is at pavement, nonmotorized vehicle lane or motorway, the traveling space having tied up motor vehicle also brings the obstructed of road, if solve the parking problem on residential block and public way, moved the underground being put into and not taking public space, more traveling, greening and commercial land and space will be provided to city.
Existing solution generally has two kinds, a kind of to aerial development, a kind of to ground downward-extension.In the technical scheme in the garage parking aloft built, the most frequently used scheme is real builds Combined garage, but this garage is arranged on the ground, take aboveground space more, when ground space deficiency, especially the city of SOUTHERN CHINA, is not suitable for very much, and this garage affects surrounding enviroment and community is attractive in appearance, equipment investment is larger; More important question is that this garage is aerial owing to being built in, and less stable, can not build enough high, and ground is built and can not be goed deep into again, and space utilization is limited, and practicality is poor; In the scheme in garage parking of building ground downward-extension, because it has good underground space usability, make the garage constructive direction that underground garage becomes comparatively practical.
The domestic construction carrying out underground garage between the physical features of the gradient 2% ~ 8% at present, mainly contain two kinds of conventional design and method, wherein conventional design method 1 is as shown in Fig. 2 ~ 4, the method does not carry out large-scale embankment excavation to place, according to slope building constructure, architecture bottom layer is designed to partly-exposed basement or basement, by being provided with gradient road and step to solve difference in height problem between building, but this kind of method for designing has certain disadvantages: 1. building one deck place that can only be located at elevation lower institute in of stopping in place; 2. in place, road has the gradient, driving inconvenience, and People's Bank of China is also by acclive road, causes people's car not shunt, has potential safety hazard; 3. place physical features is lower than adjacent place, and opposite field ground ponding can flow into this place, draining inconvenience; 4. building does not visually have adjacent place high.Conventional design method 2 is as shown in Fig. 5 ~ 6, the method carries out large-scale embankment to place, retaining wall is made at elevation lower, the highest elevation location in place is trimmed to by unified for place elevation, building one deck can do general house, garage or retail shop etc., levelling of the land after embankment, road landscape place is without the discrepancy in elevation, enter position in place at place elevation lower to build ramp and can solve car and people and to come in and go out problem, but this kind of method for designing has certain disadvantages: 1. stopping in place can only be located at institute in and build one deck place; 2. people's car is not shunted, and has potential safety hazard; 3. extensive embankment, needs to buy the earthwork, and the earthwork needs to transport from outside toward Performance Area, increases freight volume, and embankment strengthens construction volume, and increase construction period, construction costs is high.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of method utilizing the bad present situation in hillside fields to build underground garage, not only Appropriate application landform, save architectural space, and safe coefficient is high, construction period is short, convenience is good.
For achieving the above object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
Utilize the bad present situation in hillside fields to build a method for underground garage, comprise the following steps:
(1) first cook up position, planning area, cook up garage district according to position, planning area, reserve later stage ramp district on side, garage district;
(2) in garage district, underground garage district and district of overlooking retail shop is marked off;
(3) in the place in district of overlooking retail shop, former natural terrace lowest elevation place marks off the stepped region on inlet region and the People's Bank of China's turnover ground entering underground garage district;
(4) retail shop of district of overlooking retail shop floor height is determined, according to former natural terrace lower elevation place absolute altitude as underground garage district garage floor absolute altitude and garage floor height;
(5) after step (4) completes, underground garage entry position is made at former natural terrace lowest elevation place, make absolute altitude at the bottom of garage bottom, by the whole excavation of soil higher than basis end absolute altitude, the soil that excavation draws first is stacked in does not affect construction place, then underground garage district is built, and district of overlooking retail shop;
(6) after shed deckhead builds up, lay insulation water-proof layer, after waterproofing course is carried out, excavation gained soil in step (5) be backfilled to the exterior domain of top, storehouse, garage or main building and tamp.
Preferably, the inlet region ground level in described underground garage district is higher than place lowest elevation 0.1 ~ 0.2m.
Preferably, the top, garage in described underground garage district is higher than periphery place 2 ~ 3m.
Preferably, described ramp district arranges linear pattern two-way lane.
Preferably, the both sides of the access in described underground garage district all arrange temporary parking space.
Preferably, described underground garage district arranges roofing Landscape Region, in described roofing Landscape Region, compartment arranges local and opens wide top and light shaft.
Preferably, the described underground garage district garage arranged outside retail shop of elevation lower, place road or practicality building when participating in the cintest.
Preferably, in described underground garage district garage top layer earthing, insulation, feedwater, draining, heating, coal gas, electric power and telecommunication system are set.
Preferably, described underground garage district arranges escape stair or elevator.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. the present invention be directed to the existing gradient between 2% ~ 8%, the place situation that building is laterally parallel with direction, slope, place, to be provided in from former natural ground elevation of the most end and to build underground automobile garage to raise place ground level, underground garage builds up and the projecting and adjacent site elevation of absolute altitude after earthing, physical features is higher than surround ground, the situations such as garage ponding can not be caused to occur, and improve the situation that former natural ground is hillside fields, do not needing extensive excavation, architectural complex are made to form the smooth place built when embankment, be conducive to place road and landscape planning, human and vehicle shunting, also save building costs, shorten building cycle.
2. by application construction method of the present invention and operation various underground garage of the present invention, underground garage entry position is made at former natural terrace lowest elevation place, make in existing commercial area, all existing passage can be utilized in Office Area and residential block, greenbelt and space among buildings build the larger underground parking of quantity, locally the present invention must can be applied too for physical features is smooth not, more save space, improve efficiency of construction, the more important thing is, when using method of the present invention or build structure of the present invention, consider ground and underground utilities how to protect and firmly build, improve the overall quality of place architectural complex.
3. the present invention in depth can descend more than tens of rice, thus can build abundant underground parking.Structure of the present invention, can under the prerequisite not affecting existing environment, to complete the construction of underground garage lower than the construction time of tens of days.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the gradient place situation map that building is laterally parallel with direction, slope, place between 2% ~ 8%;
Fig. 2 is conventional design method 1 plan view;
Elevation when Fig. 3 is conventional design method 1 gradient 2%;
Elevation when Fig. 4 is conventional design method 1 gradient 8%;
Fig. 5 is conventional design method 2 plan view;
Fig. 6 is conventional design method 2 elevation;
Fig. 7 is method for designing first step schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 8 is method for designing second step schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 9 is method for designing the 3rd step schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Figure 10 is method for designing the 4th step schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Figure 11 is method for designing the 5th step schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Figure 12 is the embodiment of the present invention 2 front elevational schematic;
Figure 13 is the embodiment of the present invention 2 side schematic view;
Figure 14 is the embodiment of the present invention 2 generalized section;
Wherein, 1-place lot line, 2-boundary lines of roads, the adjacent built construction of 3-, 4-ramp district, 5-plans to build building, district of 6-overlooking retail shop, 7-partly-exposed basement region, 8-excavation zone, 9-embankment district, the overlooking retail shop of 10-, 11-underground garage district, 12-inlet region, 13-stepped region, 14-construction level, 15-B1 garage district, in 16-place, fire engine way is held concurrently People's Bank of China and bicycle passing road, 17-storage cellar layer, two-layer garage district, 18-underground, 19-bicycle parking area, 20-road.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Explanation about basement, partly-exposed basement, underground automobile garage, planted roof, overburden layer, floor height:
Explanation according to " Code for fire protection design of buildings " GB50016-2014:
Basement basement: flooring exceedes the space of 1/2 of interior net storey height lower than the height of outdoor ground line;
Partly-exposed basement semi-basement: flooring exceedes 1/3 of interior net storey height lower than the height of outdoor ground line, and is no more than the space of 1/2.
Explanation according to " garage, freight car temporary repairing shed, parking lot design fire code " GB50067-2014:
Underground automobile garage undergroundgarage: flooring exceedes the garage of this layer garage clear height 1/2 lower than the height of outdoor ground line.
Explanation according to " planted roof tecnical regulations " JGJ155-2013:
Planted roof plantedroof: be aided with planting soil or building roof or the underground building top board of container planting plants are set;
Overburden layer overburden: the earthing in building has building (building does not show in ground) under referring to overburden soil, in general common planning area, on underground garage, earthing reaches required thickness, calculates effective green coverage, improve green percentage after doing greening above.
Explanation according to " civilian construction design general rule " GB50352-2005:
Floor height storeyheight: with the vertical distance that building, ground surface layer (finished surface) calculate between each floor of building, garret by this floor face surface layer (finished surface) to the vertical distance of intersection point calculation of the structure surface layer of flat roof deck or the structure surface layer pushed up to slope and exterior wall crust extended line.
As shown in Figure 1, in the place situation that when gradient is 8%, building is laterally parallel with direction, slope, place:
As shown in Figures 3 and 4, conventional design method 1 does not carry out large-scale embankment excavation to place, abandon the excavation zone 8 can considering excavation, but build house along slope, housing bottom is designed to partly-exposed basement region 7 or basement region, by being provided with gradient road and step to solve difference in height problem between building, this method for designing makes building one deck place that can only be located at elevation lower in institute of stopping in place, place physical features is lower than adjacent place, place ponding can only flow to lower by eminence, draining inconvenience, opposite field ground ponding can flow into this place, building does not visually have adjacent place high, according to Fig. 1, cooking up place lot line 1, under the prerequisite of boundary lines of roads 2 and adjacent built construction 3, as shown in Fig. 2 midplane figure, in place, garage exit/entry is set, between building, ramp district 4 is provided with in road and garage zones of different in place, pedestrian and vehicle are held concurrently when People's Bank of China and bicycle passing road 16 are come in and gone out from fire engine way in place all to be needed to pass in and out from ramp district 4, driving inconvenience, People's Bank of China is also by acclive road, people's car is caused not shunt, there is potential safety hazard.
As illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, conventional design method 2 is by carrying out large-scale embankment to place, retaining wall is made in elevation lower embankment district 9, the highest elevation location in place is trimmed to by unified for place elevation, plan to build building 5 one deck and can do general house, garage or retail shop etc., levelling of the land after embankment, road landscape place is without the discrepancy in elevation, enter position in place at place elevation lower to build ramp and to come in and go out problem to solve car and people, but this method for designing makes to stop in place and can only be located in institute and building one deck place, the most seriously need to carry out excavation and embankment on a large scale, need to buy a large amount of earthwork, and the earthwork more needs to transport from outside toward construction district, place, increase freight volume and construction volume, increase construction period, construction costs is high.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of building underground garage when utilizing the hillside fields gradient to be 8% as shown in Fig. 7 ~ 11, comprise planning area, garage district and ramp district 4 are set in planning area, arrange underground garage district 11 and district of overlooking retail shop 6 in garage district, the former natural terrace lowest elevation place, place in district of overlooking retail shop 6 arranges the stepped region 13 on the inlet region 12 and People's Bank of China's turnover ground entering underground garage district.
Physical planning implement sequence comprises: (1) first cooks up position, planning area, underground garage district 11 is cooked up according to position, planning area, later stage ramp district 4 is reserved on side, underground garage district 11, fire engine way in many two-way places of linear pattern can be laid along the exterior wall in underground garage district 11 during construction to hold concurrently People's Bank of China and bicycle passing road 16, when having fire or other security situations occur, be conducive to the carrying out of the vehicle such as fire fighting truck, ambulance or safety measure;
(2) in garage district, mark off underground garage district 11 and district of overlooking retail shop 6, outside underground garage district 11, face low elevation place, can construction parts civilian construction or commercial building, as overlooking retail shop 10, that suits measures to local conditions utilizes space, Economization on land to greatest extent;
(3) in the place in district of overlooking retail shop, former natural terrace lowest elevation place marks off the stepped region 13 on the inlet region 12 and People's Bank of China's turnover ground entering underground garage district 11, garage port needs than nature terrace height 0.1m, to play dash effect, garage district and People's Bank of China are distinguished, vehicle directly can enter underground garage by road 20, avoid detouring with place, ground on underground garage, People's Bank of China by step to underground automobile garage top, road along the planning of top, garage branches to the ground of building separately, entering from the access of respective building plans to build in building 5 again, after vehicle enters underground garage, along this garage inside lane, enter each parking space, park appropriate after, the escape stair that personnel can be communicated with underground garage by building or elevator, on to building one deck, on to one deck, personnel can select to continue upstairs or in view region, top, garage, people's car is made to be shunted like this, be conducive to the safety of People's Bank of China, also road pressure is alleviated, in addition temporary parking space can also be arranged in the both sides of the outlet in underground garage district 11 (or entrance), for vehicle temporary shift to this place, to avoid blocking outlet, impact stops car efficiency,
(4) can plan from construction level 14 and determine retail shop's floor height in district of overlooking retail shop 6, the garage floor absolute altitude in underground garage district 11 and garage floor height, retail shop generally needs to build up bilayer, top one deck can do retail shop and also can handle official business or other purposes such as property, retail shop's one deck can be decided to be 4.2m(can be higher), two layers can be decided to be 3.9m(can be higher), indoor and outdoor discrepancy in elevation 0.3m, garage post net is advisable according to putting 3 cars, two post nets are too narrow uneconomical, 4 too wide realizations of post net not easily, so can be designed as 3 cars, show that 8.1m post net is proper according to garage design proper calculation, 8.1m post net about deck-molding 0.9m, ventilation equipment height 0.4m, fire-fighting crane span structure height 0.25m, extinguishing pipe height 0.5m, it is 2.2m that individual layer stops according to specification minimum constructive height, therefore can extrapolate that garage is high is approximately 0.9+0.3+0.25+2.2=3.75, shed deckhead needs earthing, tubing is needed in earthing, minimum thickness of earth covering 0.9m can be set, when considering design ground retail shop from safety problem, retail shop's two layers of needs are evacuated directly in institute, so retail shop two floor plate needs to exceed more than overburden layer 0.3m, so can cook up end absolute altitude bottom garage is about 0.5m,
(5) underground garage entry position is made at former natural terrace lowest elevation place after making garage absolute altitude, end absolute altitude bottom B1 garage is made according to garage floor height, by the whole excavation of soil higher than garage port position, the soil that excavation draws first is stacked in does not affect construction place, then B1 garage district 15 is built, and district of overlooking retail shop 6, after shed deckhead builds up, lay insulation water-proof layer, for the north, vehicle is easily endured cold in the outdoor that temperature is lower, be difficult to sparking, anti-freezing and heat-insulating layer is arranged between earth's surface and underground garage entirety, the inner constant temperature of underground garage can well be ensured, after insulation water-proof layer is carried out, the earthen backfill of script excavation gained is put the exterior domain except main building and tamped, can free planning road after levelling of the land, view region and bicycle parking area 19, and rationally carry out place land drainage design, the size of drainage grade and the control of length, view region also can be carried out as artificial hillock, the construction of lobby, in Landscape Region, compartment arranges local and opens wide top and light shaft, in down-hole, drainage mechanism is set, water for flowing into is extracted out, or in the position a little more than road surface, earth's surface of inlet internal, discharge gutter is set, directly flow out from this discharge gutter to make the water flowed into along entrance inwall, the natural lighting in garage can be increased like this, draining and ventilation, safety and the practicality of building is added while protection of the environment.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 2 is roughly the same with the method for designing of embodiment 1, architectural construction is also roughly the same, unlike: as shown in Figure 12 ~ 14, underground garage district 11 can be set to B1, and also can be set to underground two-layer, high and the minimum ground level in the garage of B1 all can obtain according to calculating in embodiment 1, in B1 garage district 15, design enters the ramp in two-layer garage district, underground 18, the ramp gradient 15%, the fireproof rolling gate that the ramp mouth fire endurance between garage is not less than 3 hours separates.
Underground garage district 11 plans to build on top building 5 ground because of waterproof and dampproof requirement, need to exceed shed deckhead overburden layer, such main building bottom just will exceed than view region and roadway area with the height of underground garage district 11 1 interlayer, if but by too high for spatial altitude design under main building one deck, not only structural safety cannot be protected, but also greatly waste space, therefore consider that under main building one deck spatial placement is conformed to the standard and require and storage cellar layer 17 that height requires.
Highly design is as follows: first floor garage, underground floor height is decided to be 3.2m, the B1 the superiors exceed 1.75m than minimum ground level, bottom B1 garage, end absolute altitude is 1.45m, underground two-layer garage floor height is decided to be 3.8m, can obtain end absolute altitude bottom the two-layer garage of underground is thus 5.25m, B1 garage adds one deck storage room, the high 2.9m of storage cellar layer 17, first floor garage, underground, storage room bottom not impact position can also park cars, overburden layer surface layer 0.45m lower than main building one deck ground in institute, main building outer region, garage garage can be cooked up thus totally exceed than minimum ground level and be approximately 4.2m.
Double-deck garage advantage to design more parking stall, but building equipment, civil engineering construction cost and later stage operation cost increase to some extent, and therefore the construction of underground garage answers building area and function on base area, number of users reasonable consideration.
What finally illustrate is, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted, other amendments that those of ordinary skill in the art make technical scheme of the present invention or equivalently to replace, only otherwise depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. utilize the bad present situation in hillside fields to build a method for underground garage, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) first cook up position, planning area, cook up garage district according to position, planning area, reserve later stage ramp district on side, garage district;
(2) in garage district, underground garage district and district of overlooking retail shop is marked off;
(3) in the place in district of overlooking retail shop, former natural terrace lowest elevation place marks off the stepped region on inlet region and the People's Bank of China's turnover ground entering underground garage district;
(4) retail shop of district of overlooking retail shop floor height is determined, according to former natural terrace lower elevation place absolute altitude as underground garage district garage floor absolute altitude and garage floor height;
(5) after step (4) completes, underground garage entry position is made at former natural terrace lowest elevation place, make absolute altitude at the bottom of garage bottom, by the whole excavation of soil higher than basis end absolute altitude, the soil that excavation draws first is stacked in does not affect construction place, then underground garage district is built, and district of overlooking retail shop;
(6) after shed deckhead builds up, lay insulation water-proof layer, after waterproofing course is carried out, excavation gained soil in step (5) be backfilled to the exterior domain of top, storehouse, garage or main building and tamp.
2. a kind of method utilizing the bad present situation in hillside fields to build underground garage as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the inlet region ground level in described underground garage district is higher than place lowest elevation 0.1 ~ 0.2m.
3. a kind of method utilizing the bad present situation in hillside fields to build underground garage as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the top, garage in described underground garage district is higher than periphery place 2 ~ 3m.
4. a kind of method utilizing the bad present situation in hillside fields to build underground garage as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described ramp district arranges linear pattern two-way lane.
5. a kind of method utilizing the bad present situation in hillside fields to build underground garage as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the both sides of the access in described underground garage district all arrange temporary parking space.
6. a kind of method utilizing the bad present situation in hillside fields to build underground garage as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described underground garage district arranges roofing Landscape Region, in described roofing Landscape Region, compartment arranges local and opens wide top and light shaft.
7. a kind of method utilizing the bad present situation in hillside fields to build underground garage as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the garage arranged outside retail shop of the lower of elevation when participating in the cintest in described underground garage district, place road or practicality building.
8. a kind of method utilizing the bad present situation in hillside fields to build underground garage as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: arrange insulation, feedwater, draining, heating, coal gas, electric power and telecommunication system in the garage top layer earthing in described underground garage district.
9. a kind of method utilizing the bad present situation in hillside fields to build underground garage as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described underground garage district arranges escape stair or elevator.
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| CN111457932A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-28 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Interest point identification method and device, navigation method, system and equipment |
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| CN111457932A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-28 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Interest point identification method and device, navigation method, system and equipment |
| CN111457932B (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2024-03-08 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | Point of interest identification method and device, navigation method and system and equipment |
| CN114439267A (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2022-05-06 | 浙大城市学院 | Road structure transformed from super-huge independent underground garage and construction method thereof |
| CN114439267B (en) * | 2022-02-16 | 2024-03-22 | 浙大城市学院 | Transformation of oversized independent underground garage into road structure and construction method thereof |
| CN118607066A (en) * | 2024-06-18 | 2024-09-06 | 重庆大学 | Design method of composite functional three-dimensional parking garage capable of flexibly adapting to mountain terrain |
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| CN105421835B (en) | 2018-12-04 |
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