CN105128455B - 复合芯和板 - Google Patents

复合芯和板 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105128455B
CN105128455B CN201510505403.6A CN201510505403A CN105128455B CN 105128455 B CN105128455 B CN 105128455B CN 201510505403 A CN201510505403 A CN 201510505403A CN 105128455 B CN105128455 B CN 105128455B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
piece
band
flexible material
plate
core plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201510505403.6A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN105128455A (zh
Inventor
S.W.戴
M.S.谢泼德
F.斯托尔
D.蒂尔顿
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Medix Co ltd
Original Assignee
Milliken and Co
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Publication date
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Publication of CN105128455A publication Critical patent/CN105128455A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN105128455B publication Critical patent/CN105128455B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

多个诸如泡沫塑料等的低密度多孔材料件形成芯板,该芯板具有相反的侧表面并且其中相邻的件具有在所述侧表面之间延伸的相对的边缘表面。柔性材料片,诸如膜或垫或稀洋纱,被粘接地连接到侧表面,并且一个片的一些部分在相对的相邻边缘表面之间延伸用以限制板的弯折。所述多个件可以逐渐变薄,并且一个片的一些部分可以部分地或全部地在边缘表面之间突出以形成双壁腹片。腹片可具有粘接地连接到相反侧上的其它片的凸缘。一个片还可在不粘接地连接到所述多个件的区域中伸展,以从由相反侧上的片维持的平面位置弯曲所述板。

Description

复合芯和板
本申请是申请日为2010年9月30日,申请号为201080053974.6,发明名称为“复合芯和板”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及包括刚性表皮材料的复合夹心板,所述刚性表皮材料由大体上低密度的芯材料间隔开,并且结合到大体上低密度的芯材料。更具体地,本发明涉及具有芯的夹心板,在表皮和芯部件被可硬化的粘接剂树脂粘接在一起以形成刚性结构之前,当所述芯被放置在弯曲模具中的柔性表皮之间时可以顺应于简单弯曲或复合弯曲。
背景技术
在许多应用中,复合夹心板部分地或全部地弯曲,而不是仅仅具有平面的表面。突出的例子是用来产生电能的风力涡轮机的叶片。这些叶片主要由夹心板组成,并且这些板的芯需要顺应叶片内的特定弯曲。现在在风力涡轮机叶片的生产中使用的主要芯材料是轻木和泡沫塑料。在现有技术中,通常通过贯通木或泡沫芯的厚度进行切割或切划,以将其分成多个矩形横截面的带或块来获得这些材料的顺应性。这些仅仅在芯的一个面上被粘接地连接到连续的柔性材料片,所述柔性材料片通常是包括玻璃纤维粗纱的稀洋纱。
柔性稀洋纱用作各刚性带或块之间的关节式接头。当应用现有技术的芯板被放置到凹模中时,其中板的无稀洋纱的面靠在模具表面上,带或块相对于彼此铰链地打开,在带或块的相对表面之间的芯板内形成楔形空间。在模制过程期间这些空间填充树脂,因此增加夹心板的重量和成本。空间内的树脂不与增强材料,诸如玻璃纤维结合,因此它对板的结构的作用受到了严重的限制。
在一些芯板中,低密度多孔材料被切划地大部分通过而不是全部通过芯的厚度,并且省略了柔性材料片。通常使用锯刀片进行轻木或泡沫塑料的切割或切划,并且切划线包括锯缝空隙,甚至当芯板在不弯曲的模具中处于平面位置时,所述空隙也填充有不期望的模制树脂。当芯板被放置在凹模中时,其中稀洋纱靠在模具表面上,带或块之间的锯缝允许有限程度的关节式活动,但是芯板保持带或块之间的会被过多的树脂填充的楔形间隙。
发明内容
根据本发明构造的芯板优选为包括多个低密度多孔材料带或块,所述带或块具有大体上矩形的或梯形的横截面。带或块的组成芯板的各相对的面的那些面被粘接地连接到柔性材料片,例如,膜、垫或稀洋纱,其包括具有在处理和加工期间足以维持带或块的对准的抗拉强度的玻璃纤维粗纱。
在复合板的制造中,通常需要将芯板加工成特定的尺寸,例如通过用手持锯、往复锯或刨机切割。如果芯板是足够刚性的以在加工以及相关的处理过程期间防止它折叠或以其它方式扭曲,将大大地有助于加工。粘接地连接到仅仅位于芯板的一个面之上的稀洋纱材料的轻木和泡沫塑料块具有有限的处理稳定性,因为当在重力或其它力的作用下折叠完全180度时,成排的带或块能折叠回到相邻排上。此外,通过加工力,单独的轻木或泡沫块被从单层稀洋纱拉松或被剥离掉。
在加工期间,本发明的芯板提供极大地增加的操作容易性以及抗损坏性。这个特征是由这个事实产生的,即,组成芯板的所有带或块被粘接地连接到位于芯板的两个面之上的连续的表面垫或稀洋纱。单独的带或块不能折叠回到相邻的带或块上,因为它们的移动受到它们所粘接到的膜的限制。因为带或块被结合到并且被稳定在两个膜之间,在加工期间它们基本上是更抗拉扯或更抗从膜剥离的。
在根据本发明的构造的芯板的一个面上,相对的带或块的边缘彼此相邻,并且在处理和加工期间所连接的第一膜维持该边缘的对准。该膜的尺寸基本上匹配芯板的尺寸,其基本上等于带或块的与膜相邻的面的尺寸的总和。
第二膜,与芯板的相反面相邻,具有比粘接到它的带或块的面的尺寸的总和更大的宽度,并且该膜的一些部分在相对的带或块的边缘之间延伸。该第二膜限定一距离,相对的带或块的边缘间隔开该距离,这样,在处理期间增加了芯板的稳定性。膜是足够柔软的以折叠、或翘曲,允许它被附接到的带或块的边缘被带到更接近在一起,同时使芯板顺应模具表面,并且膜的折叠后的部分在带或块的相对的面之间延伸。使用粘接剂可以将膜的折叠后的部分稍结合到彼此,在加工和处理期间其维持芯板的平面性,但是当芯板被顺应到模具时其允许带或块的关节式活动。
如果需要,第二膜或垫的折叠后的部分可具有足够的深度以延伸通过芯板的厚度到达第一膜的内面。当垫由多孔结构材料,诸如玻璃纤维构成时,在用可硬化的模制树脂浸渍之后,该垫作为芯板内的结构增强腹片。在该构造中,芯板可以被提供有第三膜,其位于第二膜之上并且粘接地连接到第二膜。该第三膜具有比第二膜更小的尺寸并且提供前面所描述的稳定性能。
如果需要,带或块可以被提供有窄凹槽,优选为锥形的,该凹槽平行于带或块的边缘,垂直于芯板的面,并且延伸通过芯板的大部分厚度。在凹入模具中的模制压力下,带或块被强制靠在模具的弯曲上,其使得锥形凹槽闭合,导致模具的表面和带或块的面之间的过多树脂的减少。
在夹心板的那些部分中,梯形或三角形的带或块是优选的,其具有基本上类似的曲率的延伸区域。当被顺应于弯曲模具时,带或块之间的空间被最小化或者甚至消失,减少树脂的使用。这个实施方式也构成了提供热绝缘的改进方法,用于圆柱形管或罐,其通常不使用可硬化的树脂。
对于具有浅弯曲半径或在板内变化的弯曲半径的复合夹心板来说,可期望提供本发明的带有具有矩形的横截面的带或块的芯板。与现有技术相比,如此构造的芯板提供增强的加工和处理强度,以及减少树脂的使用,如同上面所描述的那样。
通过下面的说明、附图以及附属的权利要求,本发明的其它特征和优点将是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明构造的增强泡沫芯复合板的局部透视图;
图2是图1中所示的板的一部分的放大的局部透视图;
图3是图1中所示的板的一部分的放大的局部透视图;
图4是图1中所示的板的一部分的放大的局部透视图;
图5是根据本发明的另一实施方式构造的芯板的局部透视图;
图6是图5中所示的芯板的另一局部透视图;
图7是根据本发明构造的芯板的另一实施方式的放大的局部透视图;
图8是图7中所示的芯板的局部透视图;
图9是图7的一部分的更加放大的截面图;
图10是图8的一部分的更加放大的视图;
图11是根据本发明构造的芯板的另一实施方式的放大的截面图;
图12是根据本发明构造的芯板的另一实施方式的放大的截面图;
图13是图12中所示的芯板的剖视图,和;
图14是根据本发明构造的增强泡沫芯复合板的另一实施方式的放大的截面图。
具体实施方式
参考图1,夹心板10包括芯板11和夹心板表皮12。芯板11包括粘接地连接到位于其上的连续的垫或膜14和15的多个片或纵向带13(参见图2)。粘接剂16可以被预先应用到膜14和15或者带13,或者其可以被提供为单独的片材料,例如腹片型热熔粘接剂或热熔稀洋纱(scrim)。带13包括低密度多孔材料,例如塑料泡沫或轻木。膜14包括柔性的多孔纤维材料片,例如由Johns Manville Company制造的玻璃纤维非机织膜。
膜14是足够柔软的,以在膜14受到在膜平面中且垂直于带的压缩力时翘曲和折叠到泡沫带13之间的纵向空间中。可选地,膜14可以包括其它粘接地连接的材料,例如,非机织的聚酯、开口网或稀洋纱,横向于带13的平行纤维行,或在模制过程期间熔解在模制树脂中的薄膜。膜15可以具有与膜14相同的成分。可选地,它可以包括为所期望的结构、装饰或其它性质而选择的多种其它柔性片状材料中的任何一种。例子包括玻璃纤维织物、铝和夹板薄板(plywood veneer)。
带13,以及本发明的所有实施方式中所示出的带,可以被提供有螺旋缠绕的增强粗纱17、横向增强腹片18或其它增强特征,例如,如同在美国专利7,393,577中所描述的那些,在此结合该美国专利所披露的内容作为参考。一些或全部增强材料可以完全或部分地被完全或部分固化的树脂浸渍,也如同在美国专利7,393,577中所描述的那样。
带13具有梯形横截面,并且梯形带的平行面构成芯板的面或侧表面。如果需要,带13也可被设置有纵向凹槽19,其优选为是锥形的或V形的。如果需要,带13的一个或两个面可以被设置有表面弯曲以匹配模具的弯曲半径。在本发明的其它实施方式中,带13可具有多种横截面形状中的任何一种,例如三角形或圆形,或者它们可以包括中空管,或者它们可以与其它带间隔开。
图1中示出了在模制过程期间当芯板11在夹层板表皮12之间横向地顺应了弯曲模具之后,并且在将压力施加在夹心板10的面上之后所呈现的芯板11。当处于该弯曲位置时,有斜面的(beveled)纵向带13的边缘表面与相邻带的相对的边缘表面接触,并且锥形凹槽19在将带的压力施加在模具表面上的情况下闭合。图2示出了芯板11在被放置在模具中之前的平面构造。有斜面的带13和锥形凹槽19处于打开位置,并且膜14和15被粘接地连接到芯板11的相反面上。
图3示出了当在加工或处理期间时从芯板11的在图2中所示的位置颠倒后的芯板11。图3的底部处所示的邻近附图的右侧和左侧的箭头表示在将板携带到模具时沿着芯板的相对的纵向边缘的支撑件。在泡沫带13之间延伸的柔性膜部分20限制了带的关节式活动或弯折,使得板11保持平的直到被颠倒用以放置在模具中。
图4示出了当芯板11被顺应到弯曲模具21时膜15的部分20的位移。当泡沫带13开始关节式活动时,在带之间延伸的膜部分30遭受横向压缩力,其使得膜部分沿着带13之间的平行线翘曲。因为膜被粘接地连接到带13的面,它大体上被限制而不能从带翘曲离开,且因此部分20向内翘曲,折叠到带的有斜面的边缘之间的空间中,在图4中示出为折叠后的部分22的形式。
这种向内折叠特征维持凹面上的光滑表面,当与芯板接触时使得应用到芯板的柔性表皮材料不起皱。然而,足够薄的和柔性的膜可以在不损害夹心板表皮的情况下向外弯曲。图9和10示出了处于折叠后的和未折叠的位置的膜15的详细视图。泡沫带13可以被提供有供膜部分22折叠到其中的角凹槽。再次参考图4,泡沫带13中的纵向V形凹槽19被示为在模制过程期间响应于施加到芯板的面的压力而闭合。这减小了平坦带13与弯曲模具表面24之间的空间的体积,进一步减少了过多的树脂。
图5示出了具有允许纵向地和横向地弯曲以顺应双弯曲或复合弯曲的模具的特征的芯板30。当如此顺应时,芯板30描述了如同在图6中所示的那样的大致部分球面的构造。再次参考图5,芯板30包括粘接地连接到柔性膜14和15的多个低密度多孔件或块31。块31的所有的相对的边缘表面逐渐变薄以提供梯形横截面,如同前面结合图1-4所描述的那样。当芯板30顺应复合弯曲的模具时,膜14的那些位于件或块之间的空间之上的部分折叠到空间中,如同前面所描述的那样。在平面图中块31被示为矩形的,但可以是三角形的、六边形的或其它构造。
图7和8中示出了本发明的另一实施方式。参考图7,示出了将呈现在平坦模具中并且包括矩形横截面的泡沫件或带41和柔性膜或垫14和15的芯板40,所述柔性膜或垫14和15被粘接地连接到泡沫带41的相反面,如同前面结合图1-6所描述的那样。膜15具有比泡沫带14的宽度的总和更大的宽度,并且当芯板40处于平面位置时,例如用以处理或加工,膜15的部分42(图8)折叠在带41的相对的边缘表面或面之间,并且形成折叠部分43,如同在图9和10中放大地示出的那样。
图8示出了芯板40在放置在弯曲模具中时的位置,其中件或带41关节式活动到打开位置,其中关节式活动的程度受到膜15的部分42的宽度的限制。芯板40具有与结合图1-6描述的芯板11处理和加工时相同的好处。通过提供折叠膜部分43,芯板40可以被提供有额外的操作稳定性,如同在图9中所示的那样,在折叠之间具有弱粘接连接,当将芯板放置在弯曲模具中时可以克服所述弱粘接的附连。芯板40也可以被构造成双方向形式,如同大体上上面结合图5和6所描述的那样。
图7还示出了提供操作稳定性同时允许芯板的相继关节式活动的另一种手段。膜14可包括纤维材料,当芯板40与邻近凹表面的膜14一起关节式活动时,所述纤维材料在张力作用下横向地伸展或弯曲。膜14的部分44(图7)被粘接地连接到在居于各带41的中心的间隔开的纵向排中的泡沫带41,如同在图7中由虚线所指示的那样。膜14的不附连到带41的那些部分可以在不破坏的情况下伸展或弯曲。
图11-14示出了这样的实施方式,即,在这些实施方式中部分的柔性和多孔垫或膜的构成芯板的其中一个面,该面延伸通过整个芯板的厚度。参考图11,芯板50包括矩形的泡沫件或带41,未折叠的膜51,以及折叠膜或垫52,其具有在带41的相对的侧表面之间延伸并且延伸到芯板的相反面终止于相邻膜51的折叠部分53。膜51和52被粘接地连接到带41的相反面,并且膜52的部分53可以被粘接地连接到带41的相对的表面,用以改进处理和加工稳定性。带41可以围绕膜51和折叠部分53之间的粘接连接线转动或关节式活动。
在芯板的处理期间,为了限制芯板50的转动或弯折范围,提供额外的膜,如同在图12中所示的那样。当芯板60处于平面位置时,膜61被粘接地连接到膜52并且被折叠在带41之间。如同在图13中所示的那样,当芯板60顺应模具弯曲时,带41受到膜61的约束以限制自由的转动或关节式活动,因此与图11中所示的芯板50相比,为芯板提供改进的操作性能。
再次参考图11,在本发明的优选实施方式中,折叠膜52可以包括多孔增强垫,其具有足够强度以将相当大的结构性能给予芯板50。膜52可包括,例如,具有每平方英尺一点五盎司的重量的玻璃纤维非机织垫。当如同在图11中所示的那样地重叠折叠时,垫52在各带41之间形成双壁纤维玻璃腹片,其具有每平方英尺一盎司的重量,并且在芯板50的相反的面之间延伸。当放置在诸如玻璃纤维织物等的纤维增强表皮之间的模具中并且在用可固化的粘接树脂浸渍时,由垫52形成的双壁折叠部分53包括增强构件或腹片,其具有相当大的剪切和压缩强度,并且也用来使夹心板的表皮系在一起。
图14示出了本发明的另一实施方式,其具有如同结合图11所描述的那样的结构双壁腹片,并且还提供了结构腹片与邻接结构腹片的终点的夹层板表皮之间的增强连接强度。夹心板70包括增强芯板71和纤维夹心板表皮72和73。芯板71包括折叠后的增强垫74和低密度多孔材料带41,诸如塑料泡沫。在制造过程期间,由结构垫74形成的折叠后的腹片75延伸超过芯板71的面,并且垫74的延伸后的部分被折叠到带41的表面上以形成相邻并且平行于夹心板表皮73的结构凸缘76。凸缘76极大地增加了折叠后的腹片75的结构地连接到夹心板表皮73的面积。
为了维持芯板70的面的平面性,泡沫带41可以被提供有供凸缘76折叠到其中的浅凹槽77。如果需要,芯板71可以被提供有表面膜以限制它的关节式活动,如同上面结合图12和13所描述的那样,并且芯板71可以被提供有横向增强构件,如同这里的前面所描述的那样。反转组成芯板的一条或多条低密度多孔带使得芯板可以顺应于具有从凹入颠倒为凸出的弯曲的模具,这在本发明的范围内。
尽管这里所描述的芯板和夹心板的方法和形式构成了本发明的优选实施方式,但是将会理解,本发明不被限定到所描述的精确的方法和形式,并且在不脱离如同在附属权利要求中所限定的那样的本发明的范围和精神的情况下可以进行多种变化。

Claims (4)

1.一种生产复合板的方法,包括步骤:
布置多个低密度多孔材料细长带以形成芯板,其中所述细长带具有沿着所述带的长度螺旋地缠绕各带延伸的柔性粗纱,且所述细长带具有相反的侧表面,并且其中相邻的细长带具有在所述侧表面之间延伸的相对的边缘表面,
将第一柔性材料片粘接地连接到所述细长带的其中一个侧表面,
将第二柔性材料片粘接地连接到另一侧表面,
在相邻细长带的所述相对的边缘表面之间延伸所述第二柔性材料片的一些部分,以形成具有弱粘接连接的折叠部分,使得所述弱粘接连接能够被克服以展开折叠部分,及
用所述第二柔性材料片限制所述板的弯折。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,并且包括步骤:将第三柔性材料片粘接地连接在所述细长带和所述第二柔性材料片之间,在所述相对的边缘表面之间延伸所述第三柔性材料片的一些部分并且将所述第三柔性材料片的一些部分延伸完全通过所述板的厚度以形成双壁腹片,并且将所述腹片粘接地连接到所述第一柔性材料片以增强所述板。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,并且包括步骤:使所述细长带的相对的边缘表面逐渐汇聚以在相邻细长带之间形成V形空间,并且弯折形成板的所述多个细长带并使所述第二柔性材料片的一些部分突出到所述细长带的所述相对的边缘表面之间的空间中。
4.一种复合板,包括:
多个低密度多孔材料细长带,其被设置成形成具有相反的侧表面的芯板,并且其中相邻的所述细长带具有在所述侧表面之间延伸的相对的边缘表面,其中所述细长带具有沿着所述带的长度螺旋地缠绕各带延伸的柔性粗纱,
第一柔性材料片,其粘接地连接到所述细长带的其中一个所述侧表面,
第二柔性材料片,其粘接地连接到另一所述侧表面,其中所述第二柔性材料片的一些部分在相邻的所述细长带的所述相对的边缘表面之间延伸,以形成具有弱粘接连接的折叠部分,使得所述弱粘接连接能够被克服以展开折叠部分,和
所述第二柔性材料片的所述部分是可有效地限制所述第一柔性材料片的弯折的,用以限制所述板的弯曲。
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US9186863B2 (en) 2015-11-17
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US20130251935A1 (en) 2013-09-26
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BR112012007510A2 (pt) 2016-11-22
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