CN105033188A - Aluminum-based dot matrix material based on 3D printing technology and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-based dot matrix material based on 3D printing technology and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105033188A CN105033188A CN201510267339.2A CN201510267339A CN105033188A CN 105033188 A CN105033188 A CN 105033188A CN 201510267339 A CN201510267339 A CN 201510267339A CN 105033188 A CN105033188 A CN 105033188A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum-based dot matrix material based on 3D printing technology. In the dot matrix material, industrial pure aluminum or any aluminum alloy is employed as a base body. Unit cell configuration and a periodic structure thereof are modeled and designed with CATIA software and the model is produced from high-molecular materials through the 3D printing technology. An investment casting shell mould is prepared from soluble gypsum and the aluminum-based dot matrix material is prepared through an air-pressure seepage process. The aluminum-based dot matrix material can be in a pyramid type, a Kagome type and a grating type in the unit cell configuration. The invention also provides a sandwiched plate composite structure composed of the dot matrix material and a compact surface plate. The diameter of a unit cell bar is 0.5-5.0 mm, the length of the unit cell bar is 0.5-15.0 mm, and an included angle between the unit cell bar and a protective surface is 30-70 degrees. The compact surface plate is made from industrial pure aluminum, aluminum alloy, iron alloy or high-molecular materials. The dot matrix material with the industrial pure aluminum as the base body can reach higher than 5 MPa/g*cm<-3> in specific compressive strength.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium base lattice material Design & preparation method based on 3D printing technique.Pass through Computer Design, obtain certain unit cell configuration and topological structure thereof, then 3D printing technique is utilized to prepare polymer lattice model, again by gypsum slurry shell and air pressure method of seepage, obtain and polymer lattice model structure on all four aluminium base (pure aluminum or aluminum alloy) lattice material.
Background technology
Lattice material is a kind of space net rack class highly ordered porous materials be made up of node and connecting rod unit.Compare with metal honeycomb material with traditional metal foam, be that the lattice material of matrix has higher specific strength, specific stiffness and unit mass energy absorption capacity with light metal, especially when relative density is lower, lattice material has particularly outstanding quality efficiency and performance advantage, is one of the most promising superpower tough lightweight structural material of generally acknowledging in the world at present.Except the mechanical property of excellence, lattice material can also be adjusted by matrix, change of configuration or pore filling carry out functionalized design, makes it to possess wave transparent, buffering, vibration damping, heat insulation, the functional characteristic such as radiation proof and electromagnetic shielding.
At present, the method preparing 3-dimensional multi-layered metal lattice material mainly contains investment casting, welding, extrusion, pressing lap method and weave etc.The former because of matrix material flexibly, the diversification of unit cell configuration and the advantage such as cell parameter is less, be considered to a kind of the most promising method.But this method technological process is more loaded down with trivial details, first must prepare single polymer layer lattice model by injection molding technology, then by method Special composition lattice structure that is assembled and welding, then form multiple layer metal lattice material by full form casting process.In addition, because unit cell and bar unit are all smaller, require that the mobility of liquid metal must be got well, this just selects to matrix material and material property design brings extreme difficulties.
On the whole, the obtainable metal lattice material unit cell yardstick of existing preparation method institute still (>=10mm magnitude) bigger than normal, and configuration is single, level is less, be difficult to meet the diversified demand of numerous industry particularly high-tech sector such as Aero-Space, national defence.Therefore, research novel processing step, breaks through the technical bottleneck that unit cell is miniaturized, diversification is shaped, and realizes the improvement of certain or several functions while overall obdurability improves further, making it to show real structure-function integrated nature, is one of Main Trends of The Development of this area.
As mentioned above, investment casting is one of the method that optimum prepares small-sized unit cell, the 3-dimensional multi-layered metal lattice material of complex configuration.Why process is loaded down with trivial details, technical difficulty large for the method, is because prepare the restriction of polymer mold spray forming technology used and full form casting process.In recent years, 3D printing technique achieves swift and violent development, breach the many technology barrier of traditional forming methods in labyrinth, different materials and technological process, disposablely can print the labyrinth of the multiple material composition comprising metal material, become that efficient preparation is meticulous, complicated, one of the state-of-the-art technology of multi-factor structure.But, be the light metals such as oxidizable Al, Mg for matrix material, directly easily cause residual oxidization in matrix to be mingled with and the defects such as gap by 3D printing-forming, cause its mechanical properties decrease.For overcoming this difficulty, the present invention utilizes 3D printing technique first to obtain the nonmetal lattice model of low melting point, then prepares metal lattice material by molten mould case, Pressure-seepage Flow.Because metal liquid flows under stress, fills type and solidify, thus can obtain densification, pure, combine firmly matrix, for ensureing that the obdurability of lattice material provides important leverage.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of aluminium base lattice material Design & preparation method based on 3D printing technique.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Based on an aluminium base lattice material for 3D printing technique, it is characterized in that:
Described lattice material matrix is commercial-purity aluminium or any aluminium alloy.
Described a kind of aluminium base lattice material based on 3D printing technique, is characterized in that:
Described lattice material unit cell is configured as pyramid, Kagome type and grid type.
Described a kind of aluminium base lattice material based on 3D printing technique, is characterized in that:
Its unit cell bar unit diameter 0.5 ~ 5.0mm, length 0.5 ~ 15.0mm, bar unit and perspective plane angle 30 ~ 70 °.
Described a kind of aluminium base lattice material based on 3D printing technique, is characterized in that:
Described lattice material is formed by one or more layers pyramid, Kagome type and grid type unit cell periodic arrangement.
Described a kind of aluminium base lattice material based on 3D printing technique, is characterized in that:
Described lattice material comprises the battenboard composite construction that the pyramid of one or more layers periodic arrangement, Kagome type and grid type unit cell and fine and close panel form, and fine and close panel is commercial-purity aluminium, aluminium alloy, ferroalloy or macromolecular material.
Described aluminium base lattice material preparation method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) Configuration Design: adopt CATIA software to carry out Geometric Modeling and Configuration Design to lattice material unit cell;
(2) 3D prints: employing polymer material and engineering is raw material, and 3D printer prints high-molecular lattice model by selective laser fusion method;
(3) shell mould preparation: the polymer lattice model printed with 3D is for sacrificial mold, gypsum base coating is filled the hole of lattice model and lattice model is completely coated, then coating is dried, solidify and by sacrificial mold burn off, obtain cavity shape and the on all four gypsum shell mould of polymer lattice model;
(4) aluminium liquid seepage flow: just above-mentioned shell mould is placed in particular manufacturing craft, infiltrates liquid aluminium, is full of shell mould inner chamber under gas pressure, shell mould is separated and just obtains aluminium base lattice material after molten metal solidifies.
Described aluminium base lattice material preparation method, it is characterized in that: described employing CATIA software carries out Geometric Modeling and Configuration Design to lattice material unit cell, comprise bar unit diameter, length, angle, cross sectional shape, every layer of unit cell number and the dot matrix number of plies, and be central layer with periodic arrangement unit cell, take dense plates as the design of the sandwich structure of panel.
The present invention is based on the preparation method of the aluminium base lattice material of 3D printing technique, comprise the following steps:
(1) Configuration Design: adopt CATIA software to carry out Geometric Modeling and Configuration Design to lattice material unit cell, comprise bar unit diameter, length, angle, cross sectional shape, every layer of unit cell number and the dot matrix number of plies, and by periodic arrangement unit cell be central layer, dense plates be panel filled board design.
(2) 3D prints: employing polymer material and engineering is raw material, and 3D printer prints high-molecular lattice model by selective laser fusion method.
(3) shell mould preparation: the polymer lattice model printed with 3D is for sacrificial mold, gypsum base coating is filled the hole of lattice model, then coating is dried within the scope of 70 ~ 650 DEG C, solidify and by sacrificial mold burn off, obtain cavity shape and the on all four gypsum shell mould of polymer lattice model.
(4) aluminium liquid seepage flow: be placed in particular manufacturing craft by above-mentioned shell mould, melts aluminium simultaneously, then pours into shell mould at 700 ~ 750 DEG C of temperature.The mould sealing of shell mould will be housed, and pass into compressed air and make aluminium liquid infiltrate shell mould inner chamber under gas pressure, and after molten metal solidifies, shell mould will be separated and just obtain aluminium base lattice material.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Aluminium base lattice material design provided by the invention and model production method, by comprehensive utilization Computer Design and 3D printing technique, the variation of lattice material configuration can be realized, unit cell is miniaturized, tissue becomes more meticulous, structure large-scale, for the designability of the overall mechanical property of lattice material and functional characteristic creates condition.Aluminium base lattice material air pressure seepage flow preparation method provided by the invention, then overcome the difficult problem that the direct 3D of oxidizable light metal-based complicated lattice material prints, achieve little unit cell, thin bar unit, multi-layer lattice structure disposable integral be shaped, for Metal Substrate lattice material efficiently prepare, performance optimization established important foundation.The aluminium base lattice material that the present invention obtains has multiplicity and the adjustable structural parameters of wide region and mechanical property, its unit cell configuration can be pyramid, Kagome and grid, unit cell bar unit diameter 0.5 ~ 5.0mm, length 0.5 ~ 15.0mm, bar unit and perspective plane angle 30 ~ 70 °, specific strength>=5MPa/gcm
-3.
Accompanying drawing and subordinate list explanation
Fig. 1 is aluminium base lattice material typical case unit cell configuration by the present invention is obtained;
Fig. 2 is the compression stress strain curve of different lattice material: (a) pyramid and Kagome type contrast; B impact that () bar is long; The impact of (c) angle; The impact of (d) porosity;
Fig. 3-Figure 12 is aluminium base lattice material typical cycle structure by the present invention is obtained, and describes in detail in table 1, table 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Aluminium base lattice material based on 3D printing technique: matrix: L3 commercial-purity aluminium; Unit cell: pyramid; Bar footpath: 1.7mm; Bar is long: 6mm; Bar/perspective plane angle: 45 °; Bar cross sectional shape: circular; The unit cell number of plies: 4 layers; Every layer of unit cell number: 60.
Preparation method is as follows:
(1) adopt CATIA Software for Design single cell structure, comprise pyramid configuration, bar unit diameter, length, bar/perspective plane angle, bar cross sectional shape, every layer of unit cell number and the dot matrix number of plies etc., then obtain corresponding topological structure by mirror image.
(2) adopt polypropylene (PP) plastic powders to be raw material, print lattice model with selective laser fusion method.
(3) land plaster and auxiliary material are added water be modulated into the suitable slurry of viscosity, pour into polypropylene lattice model.50 DEG C of dryings after 24 hours, be warming up to 450 ~ 650 DEG C of insulations and within 4 hours, be cured and 650 DEG C of insulations, form gypsum shell mould.
(4) by technical pure aluminium ingot in well formula crucible furnace, fusing at 700 DEG C, then pour into gypsum shell mould.
(5) solidify until aluminium liquid and rinse gypsum shell mould with water after cool to room temperature, making it molten from aluminium base lattice material and remove.
(6) aluminium base lattice material is processed into the rectangular specimen of 29.3 × 29.3 × 30.2mm (every layer of 7 × 7=49 unit cell, 2 layers).
(7) in Material Testing Machine, carry out compression test, compression speed is 3mm/min, records the compression stress strain curve of material.
Through measuring, sample compression strength is 5MPa, and compressed platform length (densified strain) is 0.45.
Table 1 pyramid dot matrix material basic parameter and typical structure
Table 2Kagome lattice material basic parameter and typical structure
Claims (7)
1., based on an aluminium base lattice material for 3D printing technique, it is characterized in that:
Described lattice material matrix is commercial-purity aluminium or any aluminium alloy.
2. a kind of aluminium base lattice material based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described lattice material unit cell is configured as pyramid, Kagome type and grid type.
3. a kind of aluminium base lattice material based on 3D printing technique according to claim 2, is characterized in that: its unit cell bar unit diameter 0.5 ~ 5.0mm, length 0.5 ~ 15.0mm, bar unit and perspective plane angle 30 ~ 70 °.
4. a kind of aluminium base lattice material based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described lattice material is formed by one or more layers pyramid, Kagome type and grid type unit cell periodic arrangement.
5. a kind of aluminium base lattice material based on 3D printing technique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described lattice material comprises the battenboard composite construction that the pyramid of one or more layers periodic arrangement, Kagome type and grid type unit cell and fine and close panel form, and fine and close panel is commercial-purity aluminium, aluminium alloy, ferroalloy or macromolecular material.
6. an aluminium base lattice material preparation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) Configuration Design: adopt CATIA software to carry out Geometric Modeling and Configuration Design to lattice material unit cell;
(2) 3D prints: employing polymer material and engineering is raw material, and 3D printer prints high-molecular lattice model by selective laser fusion method;
(3) shell mould preparation: the polymer lattice model printed with 3D is for sacrificial mold, gypsum base coating is filled the hole of lattice model and lattice model is completely coated, then coating is dried, solidify and by sacrificial mold burn off, obtain cavity shape and the on all four gypsum shell mould of polymer lattice model;
(4) aluminium liquid seepage flow: just above-mentioned shell mould is placed in particular manufacturing craft, infiltrates liquid aluminium, is full of shell mould inner chamber under gas pressure, shell mould is separated and just obtains aluminium base lattice material after molten metal solidifies.
7. aluminium base lattice material preparation method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described employing CATIA software carries out Geometric Modeling and Configuration Design to lattice material unit cell, comprise bar unit diameter, length, angle, cross sectional shape, every layer of unit cell number and the dot matrix number of plies, and be central layer with periodic arrangement unit cell, take dense plates as the design of the sandwich structure of panel.
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