CN104914167A - SMC (Sequential Monte Carlo) algorithm based acoustic emission source location method - Google Patents

SMC (Sequential Monte Carlo) algorithm based acoustic emission source location method Download PDF

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CN104914167A
CN104914167A CN201510338750.4A CN201510338750A CN104914167A CN 104914167 A CN104914167 A CN 104914167A CN 201510338750 A CN201510338750 A CN 201510338750A CN 104914167 A CN104914167 A CN 104914167A
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acoustic emission
emission source
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monte carlo
sequential monte
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CN104914167B (en
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严刚
汤剑飞
蔡晨宁
金志光
张�林
李永洲
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention discloses an SMC (Sequential Monte Carlo) algorithm based location method. The method comprises the following steps: distributing not less than four sensors for receiving acoustic emission signals emitted by an acoustic emission source on acoustic emission sources of an isotropic planar structure; converting acoustic emission source location into bayesian filtering, building a system equation and a measurement equation respectively, using Poda moment between each sub-sensor and a main sensor as a known measurement quantity and taking a source position and the wave velocity as unknown state variables. The SMC simulation algorithm is adopted to perform iterative estimation on unknown status variables due to lack of analytical solution, and an acoustic emission source is located under the influence of uncertain factors.

Description

Based on the acoustic emission source locating method of sequential Monte Carlo algorithm
Technical field
The invention belongs to engineering structure technical field of nondestructive testing, provide a kind of acoustic emission source locating method based on sequential Monte Carlo algorithm.
Background technology
Acoustic emission judges according to the transient stress wave produced during inside configuration damage initiation and propogation a kind of monitoring method that inside configuration is damaged.Traditional acoustic emission is assessed damage by obtaining acoustic emission parameters from acoustic emission signal, and each acoustic emission parameters is the specific descriptions to sound emission process.Along with the development of guided wave theory, in the last few years, acoustic emission started to change from parameter type acoustic emission to Modal Acoustic Emission.Modal Acoustic Emission studies the ultrasound mode at the acoustic emission source place in material, and what it was analyzed is the ultrasound mode ripple that acoustic emission source produces.After supersonic guide-wave acoustic emission signal being resolved into different mode, can utilize the understanding to supersonic guide-wave, carry out analysis to the characteristic sum character of acoustic emission source and infer, wherein the location technology of acoustic emission source is a major issue of acoustic emission research field always.
At present in Acoustic Emission location field, and propose many localization methods, wherein reach the localization method in moment based on ripple and be widely used.By known sensing station, and the speed of supersonic guide-wave, different trigonometric ratio localization methods can be adopted, as solved one group of nonlinear equation, or using optimized algorithm iterative, obtaining the position of acoustic emission source.In these methods, extremely important to the extraction of different mode guided wave due in acoustic emission signal, directly affect the precision of acoustic emission source location.But due to a variety of causes such as signal noise, frequency dispersion effect, signal transacting, be difficult to obtain accurate earthwave and reach time data.Meanwhile, in order to determine the velocity of wave of different mode guided wave in advance, needing the material parameter according to structure, being calculated by guided wave equation and obtaining.But due to the reason such as manufacturing process, material aging, the material parameter of structure reality and nominal value have certain difference, simultaneously due to the factor such as model simplification, temperature effect, the velocity of wave of theory calculate also has certain error with the velocity of wave of reality.It is all probabilistic that these problems locate the impact brought to acoustic emission source.Traditional to reach the location algorithm in moment based on ripple be all deterministic method, do not consider the impact of these uncertain factors.
Summary of the invention
Namely object of the present invention is in acoustic emission source location, consider the uncertainty impact that model error and measurement noises cause, propose a kind of localization method based on sequential Monte Carlo algorithm, can be used for solving acoustic emission source position and combining of velocity of wave of two-dimension plane structure.
For realizing above technical purpose, the present invention will take following technical scheme:
Based on an acoustic emission source locating method for sequential Monte Carlo algorithm, for the location of the lower acoustic emission source of uncertain factor impact; Comprise the following steps:
(1) for the acoustic emission source be in isotropy planar structure, N number of sensor for receiving the acoustic emission signal that acoustic emission source sends is arranged; In described each sensor, one of them is decided to be master reference, remaining is then decided to be time sensor; Aforesaid isotropy planar structure sets up plane coordinate system, makes the coordinate of acoustic emission source be (x s, y s), the coordinate of master reference is (x i, y i), the coordinate of each sensor is (x j, y j) (j=1 ... i-1, i+1...N), wherein, N is positive integer (number of probes, N>=4);
(2) obtain by signal processing method the due in that each sensor receives acoustic emission signal, and calculate the due in difference Δ t between each sensor and master reference ij, formed and measure vector Z;
(3) position of acoustic emission source and corresponding acoustic emission signal velocity of wave is characterized with state vector X; Definition status vector X=[x s, y s, V g] t, wherein: (x s, y s) be the position coordinates of acoustic emission source, V gfor the velocity of wave of the acoustic emission signal of correspondence;
(4) Acoustic Emission location problem is converted into Bayesian filter problem, sets up system equation and measure equation and carry out iterative state vector X; Wherein:
System equation expression formula is
X k=X k-1k-1
Measuring equation expression formula is
Z k=h(X k)+υ k
In formula: k is number of iterations; ω is system noise; υ is measurement noises; H is a nonlinear function, for expressing the element Δ t measured in vector Z ijand the relation between the element in state vector X; In addition, when setting up system equation, the average of supposing the system noise ω is zero, and its covariance matrix is normal distribution; When setting up measurement equation, suppose that the average of measurement noises υ is zero, and its covariance matrix is normal distribution;
Δt i j = ( x s - x i ) 2 + ( y s - y i ) 2 - ( x s - x j ) 2 + ( y s - y j ) 2 V g
In formula: Δ t ijimplication is that a jth secondary due between sensor and master reference (i-th sensor) is poor.
(5) adopt sequential Monte Carlo analogy method to carry out numerical solution, iteration calculates state vector X estimated value, and the state vector X estimated value gone out using the last iteration meeting iterations is as acoustic emission source position (x s, y s) and corresponding velocity of wave V gdiscre value.
According to above technical scheme, relative to prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
The present invention is when positioning acoustic emission source, consider the uncertainty impact that model error and measurement noises cause, acoustic emission source location is changed into Bayesian filter problem by this method, set up system equation respectively and measure equation, the moment is reached as known measuring amount, using source position and velocity of wave as location status variable using the ripple between each sensor and master reference.Owing to lacking analytic solution, adopt sequential Monte Carlo modeling algorithm to carry out iterative estimate to unknown state variable, finally realize the location of the lower acoustic emission source of uncertain factor impact.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the acoustic emission source location schematic diagram reaching the moment based on ripple;
Fig. 2 is detection example schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is piezoelectric sensor S 1the acoustic emission dummy source P received 1the acoustic emission signal sent;
Fig. 4 is piezoelectric sensor S 3the acoustic emission dummy source P received 1the acoustic emission signal sent;
Fig. 5 is the acoustic emission dummy source P that sequential Monte Carlo algorithm is estimated 1the x coordinate of position;
Fig. 6 is the acoustic emission dummy source P that sequential Monte Carlo algorithm is estimated 1the y coordinate of position;
Fig. 7 is the velocity of wave V of 40kHz guided wave composition in the acoustic emission signal of sequential Monte Carlo algorithm estimation g.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, illustrate the present invention further.Following embodiment should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention.It should be noted that, these accompanying drawings are the schematic diagram of simplification, only basic structure of the present invention are described in a schematic way, and therefore it only shows the formation relevant with the present invention.
Acoustic emission source locating method based on sequential Monte Carlo algorithm of the present invention, for the location of the lower acoustic emission source of uncertain factor impact, this localization method mainly considers the uncertainty impact that model error and measurement noises cause; Comprise the following steps:
(1) for the acoustic emission source be in isotropy planar structure, N number of sensor (with reference to Fig. 1) for receiving the acoustic emission signal that acoustic emission source sends is arranged; In described each sensor, one of them is decided to be master reference, remaining is then decided to be time sensor; Aforesaid isotropy planar structure sets up plane coordinate system, makes the coordinate of acoustic emission source be (x s, y s), the coordinate of master reference is (x i, y i), the coordinate of each sensor is (x j, y j) (j=1 ... i-1, i+1...N), wherein, N is positive integer (number of probes, N>=4);
(2) obtain by signal processing method the due in that each sensor receives acoustic emission signal, and calculate each the due in difference Δ t between sensor and master reference ij, formed and measure vector Z;
(3) position of acoustic emission source and corresponding acoustic emission signal velocity of wave is characterized with state vector X; Definition status vector X=[x s, y s, V g] t, wherein: (x s, y s) be the position coordinates of acoustic emission source, V gfor the velocity of wave of corresponding acoustic emission signal;
(4) Acoustic Emission location problem is converted into Bayesian filter problem, sets up system equation and measure equation and carry out iterative state vector X; Wherein:
System equation expression formula is
X k=X k-1k-1
Measuring equation expression formula is
Z k=h(X k)+υ k
In formula: k is number of iterations; ω is system noise; υ is measurement noises; H is a nonlinear function, for expressing the relation measured between vector Z and state vector X;
Δt i j = ( x s - x i ) 2 + ( y s - y i ) 2 - ( x s - x j ) 2 + ( y s - y j ) 2 V g
In formula: Δ t ijimplication is that a jth secondary due between sensor and master reference (i-th sensor) is poor.
(5) adopt sequential Monte Carlo analogy method to carry out numerical solution, iteration calculates state vector X estimated value, and the state vector X estimated value gone out using the last iteration meeting iterations is as acoustic emission source position (x s, y s) and corresponding velocity of wave V gdiscre value.
The employing sequential Monte Carlo analogy method mentioned in above-mentioned steps to carry out the concrete steps of numerical solution estimated state vector X is:
(i) k=0, initialization N pindividual particle: rule of thumb (planar structure size and material character) determines prior distribution p (X 0), and obtain from prior distribution random sampling and establish weight i=1 ..., N p;
(ii) k=k+1, random generation process noise from the distribution of system noise ω and adopt system equation to predict
(iii) calculate adopt and measure equation estimation upgrade weight w k i = w k - 1 i p ( Z k | X k i ) , And normalized weight w k i = w k i / Σ i = 1 N p w k i ;
(iv) effective sample quantity N is calculated effif, N effbe less than N p/ 2, start resampling program, with probability p ( X k i * = X k i ) = w k i , Generate one group of new particle p ( X k i * = X k i ) = w k i ;
V () calculates X kaverage as X kestimated value;
(vi) get back to step (ii), until the number of iterations that presets arrives or the condition of convergence meets, export last generation state vector X estimated value as final state vector X discre value.
Example describes
As shown in Figure 2, the structure of monitoring is each aluminium sheet to the even same sex, and thickness is 2mm, and 6 diameters are arranged to be 10mm thickness be that the piezoelectric element of 1mm is as sensor in the region of a 300mm × 400mm thereon, and the material of sensor is P51, respectively called after S 1-S 6, each sensor coordinates is as shown in table 1.
Adopt the generation that disconnected plumbous mode simulated sound is launched on aluminium sheet, totally 5 acoustic emission dummy sources, are respectively P 1-P 5, each only generation acoustic emission dummy source, the position of each acoustic emission dummy source is as shown in table 2.
With S 3for master reference, other sensors are time sensor.When the magnitude of voltage that master reference monitors exceedes certain threshold value, think that acoustie emission event occurs, all the sensors starts to gather acoustic emission signal simultaneously.If Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is piezoelectric sensor S respectively 1and S 3the acoustic emission dummy source P received 1the acoustic emission signal sent.After sensor collects acoustic emission signal, Morlet wavelet transformation is adopted to process acoustic emission signal, the ripple extracting each signal reaches the moment, and the secondary ripple between sensor and master reference of calculating reaches time difference, table 3 is depicted as the ripple using wavelet transformation to extract in 40kHz frequency and reaches time difference data.
With acoustic emission dummy source P 1for example, set up and measure vector Z=[31.1 64.4 34.4 66.9 5.1] t, adopt the vector of the localization method status recognition based on the sequential Monte Carlo algorithm X=[x invented s, y s, V g] t, Fig. 5 is the acoustic emission dummy source P of sequential Monte Carlo algorithm identification 1the x coordinate of position, Fig. 6 is the acoustic emission dummy source P of sequential Monte Carlo algorithm identification 1the y coordinate of position, Fig. 7 is the velocity of wave V of 40kHz guided wave composition in the acoustic emission signal of sequential Monte Carlo algorithm identification g.Table 4 is the positioning result of each acoustic emission dummy source.
The each sensor coordinates of table 1 (mm)
Sensor mark S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 S 6
X coordinate 0 150 150 0 -150 -150
Y coordinate -200 -200 0 200 200 0
Table 2 each acoustic emission dummy source coordinate (mm)
Dummy source mark P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5
X coordinate 0 100 50 -100 -100
Y coordinate 0 -50 100 100 -150
Table 3 ripple reaches time difference data (μ s)
Δt 13 Δt 23 Δt 43 Δt 53 Δt 63
P 1 31.1 64.4 34.4 66.9 5.1
P 2 71.7 54.5 125.9 178.0 120.5
P 3 99.7 105.2 -18.5 52.7 52.4
P 4 32.0 80.9 -83.5 -104.4 -108.5
P 5 -112.4 -23.7 46.5 36.7 -82.4
Table 4 each acoustic emission dummy source positioning result (mm)
Dummy source mark P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5
X coordinate 4.2 108.1 54.2 -98.6 -102.5
Y coordinate -2.4 -50.2 103.7 97.2 -153.9
Technological means disclosed in the present invention program is not limited only to the technological means disclosed in above-mentioned technological means, also comprises the technical scheme be made up of above technical characteristic combination in any.
With above-mentioned according to desirable embodiment of the present invention for enlightenment, by above-mentioned description, relevant staff in the scope not departing from this invention technological thought, can carry out various change and amendment completely.The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content on instructions, must determine its technical scope according to right.

Claims (6)

1. based on an acoustic emission source locating method for sequential Monte Carlo algorithm, for the location of the lower acoustic emission source of uncertain factor impact; It is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) for the acoustic emission source be in isotropy planar structure, N number of sensor for receiving the acoustic emission signal that acoustic emission source sends is arranged; In described each sensor, one of them is decided to be master reference, remaining is then decided to be time sensor; Aforesaid isotropy planar structure sets up plane coordinate system, makes the coordinate of acoustic emission source be (x s, y s), the coordinate of master reference is (x i, y i), the coordinate of each sensor is (x j, y j) (j=1 ... i-1, i+1...N), wherein, N is positive integer, N>=4;
(2) obtained the due in of the acoustic emission signal that each sensor receives by signal processing method, and calculate the due in difference Δ t between each sensor and master reference ij, formed and measure vector Z;
(3) position of acoustic emission source and corresponding acoustic emission signal velocity of wave is characterized with state vector X; Definition status vector X=[x s, y s, V g] t, wherein: (x s, y s) be the position coordinates of acoustic emission source, V gfor the velocity of wave of corresponding acoustic emission signal;
(4) Acoustic Emission location problem is converted into Bayesian filter problem, sets up system equation and measure equation and carry out iterative state vector X; Wherein:
System equation expression formula is
X k=X k-1k-1
Measuring equation expression formula is
Z k=h(X k)+υ k
In formula: k is number of iterations; ω is system noise; υ is measurement noises; H is a nonlinear function, uses
In expressing the element Δ t measured in vector Z ijand the relation between the element in state vector X;
Δt i j = ( x s - x i ) 2 + ( y s - y i ) 2 - ( x s - x j ) 2 + ( y s - y j ) 2 V g
In formula: Δ t ijfor a jth secondary due between sensor and i-th sensor is poor;
(5) adopt sequential Monte Carlo analogy method to carry out numerical solution, iteration calculates state vector X estimated value, and the state vector X estimated value gone out using the last iteration meeting iterations is as acoustic emission source position (x s, y s) and corresponding velocity of wave V gdiscre value.
2. the acoustic emission source locating method based on sequential Monte Carlo algorithm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described signal processing method is small wave converting method.
3. the acoustic emission source locating method based on sequential Monte Carlo algorithm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the employing sequential Monte Carlo analogy method mentioned in step (5) to carry out the concrete steps of numerical solution estimated state vector X is:
(i) k=0, initialization N pindividual particle: according to planar structure size and material character determination prior distribution p (X 0), and from prior distribution p (X 0) random sampling acquisition and establish weight i=1 ..., N p;
(ii) k=k+1, random generation process noise from the distribution of system noise ω and adopt system equation to predict
(iii) calculate adopt and measure equation estimation upgrade weight w k i = w k - 1 i p ( Z k | X k i ) , And normalized weight w k i = w k i / Σ i = 1 N p w k i ;
(iv) effective sample quantity N is calculated effif, N effbe less than N p/ 2, start resampling program, with probability p ( X k i * = X k i ) = w k i , Generate one group of new particle p ( X k i * = X k i ) = w k i ;
V () calculates X kaverage as X kestimated value;
(vi) get back to step (ii), until the number of iterations that presets arrives or the condition of convergence meets, export last generation state vector X estimated value as final state vector X discre value.
4. the acoustic emission source locating method based on sequential Monte Carlo algorithm according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described iterations by presetting, or is determined by the condition of convergence; This condition of convergence is: the difference of the estimated value of continuous multiple iteration step is less than predetermined value.
5. the acoustic emission source locating method based on sequential Monte Carlo algorithm according to claim 3, is characterized in that: when setting up system equation, and the average of supposing the system noise ω is zero, and its covariance matrix is normal distribution; When setting up measurement equation, suppose that the average of measurement noises υ is zero, and its covariance matrix is normal distribution.
6. the acoustic emission source locating method based on sequential Monte Carlo algorithm according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the uncertain factor of acoustic emission source is model error and measurement noises.
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