CN104472865A - Method for preparing silage - Google Patents
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- CN104472865A CN104472865A CN201410702849.3A CN201410702849A CN104472865A CN 104472865 A CN104472865 A CN 104472865A CN 201410702849 A CN201410702849 A CN 201410702849A CN 104472865 A CN104472865 A CN 104472865A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of feeds, and provides a method for preparing silage, aiming at problems in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps of preparing lactic acid bacteria, namely, washing rice by clean water, fermenting the rice washing water for the first time at a greenhouse, pouring into fresh milk, and fermenting further to prepare the lactic acid bacteria; preparing light green juice, namely, stirring a light green feed with brown sugar uniformly, fermenting and filtering; preparing a nutritional additive, namely fermenting angelica sinensis, liquorice, cinnamon, ginger and garlic respectively so as to obtain the respective fermentation liquor, and mixing according to a proportion when in use, and adding water to dilute; and preparing the silage, namely, mixing the lactic acid bacteria fermentation liquor, the light green juice and the nutritional additive, adding water so as to obtain a mixed additive, and alternately laying a layer of a silage raw material and spraying the mixed additive on the surface layer of the silage raw material until the end of ensilage. Not only is the quality of the silage improved, but also the common diseases of livestock and poultry can be prevented and treated by feeding the silage added with a Chinese herbal medicine additive for the livestock and poultry, and the success ratio of silage and the silage palatability are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of fodder, be specially a kind of preparation method of ensilage.
Background technology
Ensilage is formed by the green forage anaerobic fermentation of high-moisture, the principle of ensiling is exactly using fresh green forage as raw material, utilize the lactic acid bacteria that plant surface adheres to naturally, in confined conditions, by anaerobic fermentation, the soluble-carbohydrate of plant surface is converted into the organic acid such as lactic acid, acetic acid, causes feed pH to reduce, suppress the growth and breeding of putrefactive microorganisms flora, thus reach the object of the nutritive peculiarity keeping crop.
Ensiling is the effectively measure for economy that solution greenfeed is not easily preserved.But under nature, the buffer value of greenfeed is high, and water-soluble carbohydrate content is low, and under nature, ensiling is more difficult.All how to use additive to improve the quality of ensilage in research both at home and abroad for this reason, accelerate the fermenting speed of ensiling.In recent years, Chinese scholars has done large quantifier elimination to silage additive, ammonium compounds, organic acid, urea and biological preservative etc. are mainly contained from single additive, the effect of these additives all has the effect suppressing microbial activities, and improve ensilage nutritional quality, but many products extensively can not be employed because cost is high.At present livestock and poultry prevention with treat in feed, add antibiotic, hormone, chemical synthetic drug are more common, although its successful, but usually have residual in the product, harm consumer health, three to cause (carcinogenic, teratogenesis, mutagenesis) phenomenon serious, easily develop immunity to drugs simultaneously.In order to obtain efficient, safety, non-harmful livestock products, in animal and fowl fodder, add Chinese herbal medicine become a kind of new trend, but the domestic and international research level to Chinese herbal medicine is all very low at present, and the Chinese herbal medicine applied also exists the shortcomings such as formulation is single, quality is coarse, dosage is large, cost is high, use is inconvenient.Chinese medicine meal in use also exist can only mixed feeding use, especially use very inconvenient when intensive culture, thus greatly limit Chinese herbal medicine preventing and treating the scale in Animal diseases application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above that prior art exists, a kind of preparation method of ensilage is provided.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: a kind of preparation method of ensilage, comprises the following steps:
(1) lactic acid bacteria preparation: get 1 kilogram of rice, eluriate with clear water, first time rice washing water is put into glassware, seal with rice paper, be put into shady place, in greenhouse 18 ~ 25 DEG C fermentation 7 days, the liquid fermented again by volume the ratio of 1:8 ~ 12 pour in fresh milk, continue fermentation 5-6 days, obtained streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution;
(2) fresh and tender green juice preparation: select the green forage that vitality, cold resistance are strong to be raw material, cut into chunks is put into ceramic vessel after the ratio of 2:1 and brown sugar stir evenly according to weight ratio, seal with rice paper, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 7 ~ 9 days, by filtered through gauze, obtain the fresh and tender green juice of green forage;
(3) nourishing additive agent preparation: by Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger, garlic adopts identical method to ferment respectively, example is classified as to work as, Radix Angelicae Sinensis is put into container, dosage is 1/2 of container volume, then add beer to soak, the consumption of beer is advisable just in time to flood Radix Angelicae Sinensis, with rice paper sealing, is the condition bottom fermentation 10 ~ 15 hours of 16 ~ 18 DEG C in temperature, then 2/3 place of brown sugar to container is added, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 5 days, in container, then add 48 ~ 52 degree of white wine until container is full of, then ferment 7 ~ 10 days, whole sweat completes, filter, obtain Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid, adopt above-mentioned identical method respectively to Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger and garlic are fermented, and obtain Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid and garlic zymotic fluid, by Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid during use, Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid, garlic zymotic fluid mixes with the volume ratio of 2:1:1:1:1 and is diluted with water 500 times, obtains nourishing additive agent,
(4) ensilage preparation:
When ensilage, streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, fresh and tender green juice, nourishing additive agent are mixed according to volume ratio 0.5:20:150, add appropriate water, amount of water is determined by ensiling raw material moisture size, reach 65 ~ 70% to make ensiling feed moisture content to be advisable, obtain additive package, then according to laying one deck ensiling raw material, the method operation of mixed once additive is evenly sprayed, until ensiling terminates on ensiling raw material top layer.
Described ensiling raw material is the raw material making ensilage, i.e. greenfeed, refers to the fresh cauline leaf of plant that can be used as feed, mainly comprises native grass, tame forage grass, weeds in field, dish leaf class, water plant, spray leaf etc.; Time prepared by nourishing additive agent, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger, garlic after pouring out zymotic fluid remaining bits pour white wine again into and can continuously ferment 5 times; The present invention adopts rice paper as the sealing paper using in lactobacillus-fermented, fresh and tender green juice and nourishing additive agent sweat, utilizes that its water imbibition is strong, the feature of vermins-proof effect, meets fermentation condition; In described ensilage, control temperature is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, and fermentation time is 40 ~ 50 days.
Simultaneously, prove through experiment, will by Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger, the Chinese medicine composition of garlic composition can promote lactobacter growth to breed as silage additive and ensiling raw material co-fermentation and improve the fermentation quality of ensilage, the present invention not only makes moderate progress to ensilage quality, livestock and poultry can also be made to pass through to search for food and be added with the ensilage of Chinese herb feed additive, improve its production performance, the generation of prevention and cure livestock and poultry common disease, to reduce antibiotic a large amount of use, produce relatively green and organic animal products, improve the quality of ensilage simultaneously, its crude protein content increases, ammonia nitrogen content declines to some extent, the lactic acid bacteria made in advance has been had to add, substantially reduce the time that lactic acid bacteria breeds again, inhibit the breeding of other harmful bacterias fast, improve the success rate of ensiling, add again fresh and tender green juice, nourishing additive agent, greatly can improve the food mouth of feed, nutritional labeling, improve the immunity of animal, premunition is a kind of desirable Silaging method.
Detect through authoritative department, ensilage prepared by the method for the invention reaches the performance standard of quality silage, color and luster is yellow green, smell is sour fragrance, quality is that loose softness is tack-free, pH value is 3.85-4.92, moisture is 40.2-58.3%, ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen is 5.25-7.85%, is less than 12.5%, and it is 59.8-86.7% that lactic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, it is 0-3% that butyric acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, it is 13.8-36.7% that acetic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, and crude protein content, up to 110.8-135.9g/kg, meets the requirements completely.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1:
A preparation method for ensilage, comprises the following steps:
(1) lactic acid bacteria preparation: get 1 kilogram of rice, eluriate with clear water, first time rice washing water is put into glassware, seal with rice paper, be put into shady place, in greenhouse 18 DEG C fermentation 7 days, the liquid fermented again by volume the ratio of 1:8 pour in fresh milk, continue fermentation 5 days, obtained streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, (2) fresh and tender green juice preparation: select the caragana microphylla that vitality, cold resistance are strong to be raw material, cut into chunks is put into ceramic vessel after the ratio of 2:1 and brown sugar stir evenly according to weight ratio, seal with rice paper, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 7 days, by filtered through gauze, obtain the fresh and tender green juice of green forage, (3) nourishing additive agent preparation: by Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger, garlic adopts identical method to ferment respectively, example is classified as to work as, Radix Angelicae Sinensis is put into container, dosage is 1/2 of container volume, then add beer to soak, the consumption of beer is advisable just in time to flood Radix Angelicae Sinensis, seal with rice paper, at the condition bottom fermentation 10 hours that temperature is 16 DEG C, then 2/3 place of brown sugar to container is added, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 5 days, then in container, 48 degree of white wine are added until container is full of, ferment again 7 days, whole sweat completes, filter, obtain Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid, adopt above-mentioned identical method respectively to Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger and garlic are fermented, obtain Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid and garlic zymotic fluid, by Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid during use, Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid, garlic zymotic fluid mixes with the volume ratio of 2:1:1:1:1 and is diluted with water 500 times, obtain nourishing additive agent, (4) ensilage preparation: when ensilage, streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, fresh and tender green juice, nourishing additive agent are mixed according to volume ratio 0.5:20:150, add appropriate water, amount of water is determined by ensiling raw material moisture size, reach 65 ~ 70% to make ensiling feed moisture content to be advisable, obtain additive package, then according to laying one deck caragana microphylla, the method operation of mixed once additive is evenly sprayed on ensiling raw material top layer, until ensiling terminates, control temperature is 20 DEG C, and fermentation time is 40 days, obtains caragana microphylla ensilage.Through detecting, its performance indications are color and luster is yellow green, and smell is sour fragrance, quality is that loose softness is tack-free, pH value is 3.92, and moisture is 58.2%, and ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen is 6.85%, be less than 12.5%, it is 62.3% that lactic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, and it is 2% that butyric acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, and it is 23.5% that acetic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, crude protein content is up to 123g/kg
Embodiment 2:
A preparation method for ensilage, comprises the following steps:
(1) lactic acid bacteria preparation: get 1 kilogram of rice, eluriate with clear water, first time rice washing water is put into glassware, seal with rice paper, be put into shady place, in greenhouse 25 DEG C fermentation 7 days, the liquid fermented again by volume the ratio of 1:12 pour in fresh milk, continue fermentation 6 days, obtained streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, (2) fresh and tender green juice preparation: select celery to be raw material, cut into chunks, is put into ceramic vessel after the ratio of 2:1 stirs evenly with brown sugar according to weight ratio, seals with rice paper, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 9 days, by filtered through gauze, obtains the fresh and tender green juice of green forage, (3) nourishing additive agent preparation: by Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger, garlic adopts identical method to ferment respectively, example is classified as to work as, Radix Angelicae Sinensis is put into container, dosage is 1/2 of container volume, then add beer to soak, the consumption of beer is advisable just in time to flood Radix Angelicae Sinensis, seal with rice paper, at the condition bottom fermentation 15 hours that temperature is 18 DEG C, then 2/3 place of brown sugar to container is added, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 5 days, then in container, 52 degree of white wine are added until container is full of, ferment again 10 days, whole sweat completes, filter, obtain Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid, adopt above-mentioned identical method respectively to Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger and garlic are fermented, obtain Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid and garlic zymotic fluid, by Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid during use, Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid, garlic zymotic fluid mixes with the volume ratio of 2:1:1:1:1 and is diluted with water 500 times, obtain nourishing additive agent, (4) ensilage preparation: when ensilage, streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, fresh and tender green juice, nourishing additive agent are mixed according to volume ratio 0.5:20:150, add appropriate water, amount of water is determined by ensiling raw material moisture size, reach 65 ~ 70% to make ensiling feed moisture content to be advisable, obtain additive package, then according to laying one deck celery, the method operation of mixed once additive is evenly sprayed, until ensiling terminates on ensiling raw material top layer.Control temperature is 20 DEG C, and fermentation time is 40 days, obtains celery ensilage.Through detecting, its performance indications are color and luster is yellow green, and smell is sour fragrance, and quality is that loose softness is tack-free, pH value is 3.85, moisture is 55.9%, and ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen is 7.52%, is less than 12.5%, it is 82.6% that lactic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, it is 3% that butyric acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, and it is 15.1% that acetic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, and crude protein content is up to 132.5g/kg.
Embodiment 3:
A preparation method for ensilage, comprises the following steps:
(1) lactic acid bacteria preparation: get 1 kilogram of rice, eluriate with clear water, first time rice washing water is put into glassware, seal with rice paper, be put into shady place, in greenhouse 20 DEG C fermentation 7 days, the liquid fermented again by volume the ratio of 1:10 pour in fresh milk, continue fermentation 5-6 days, obtained streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, (2) fresh and tender green juice preparation: select the maize straw that vitality, cold resistance are strong to be raw material, cut into chunks is put into ceramic vessel after the ratio of 2:1 and brown sugar stir evenly according to weight ratio, seal with rice paper, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 8 days, by filtered through gauze, obtain the fresh and tender green juice of green forage, (3) nourishing additive agent preparation: by Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger, garlic adopts identical method to ferment respectively, example is classified as to work as, Radix Angelicae Sinensis is put into container, dosage is 1/2 of container volume, then add beer to soak, the consumption of beer is advisable just in time to flood Radix Angelicae Sinensis, seal with rice paper, at the condition bottom fermentation 12 hours that temperature is 17 DEG C, then 2/3 place of brown sugar to container is added, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 5 days, then in container, 50 white wine are added until container is full of, ferment again 9 days, whole sweat completes, filter, obtain Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid, adopt above-mentioned identical method respectively to Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger and garlic are fermented, obtain Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid and garlic zymotic fluid, by Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid during use, Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid, garlic zymotic fluid mixes with the volume ratio of 2:1:1:1:1 and is diluted with water 500 times, obtain nourishing additive agent, (4) ensilage preparation: when ensilage, streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, fresh and tender green juice, nourishing additive agent are mixed according to volume ratio 0.5:20:150, add appropriate water, amount of water is determined by ensiling raw material moisture size, reach 65 ~ 70% to make ensiling feed moisture content to be advisable, obtain additive package, then according to laying one deck maize straw, the method operation of mixed once additive is evenly sprayed, until ensiling terminates on maize straw top layer.Control temperature is 20 DEG C, and fermentation time is 40 days, obtains cornstalk silage.Through detecting, its performance indications are color and luster is yellow green, and smell is sour fragrance, and quality is that loose softness is tack-free, pH value is 4.92, moisture is 48.3%, and ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen is 782%, is less than 12.5%, it is 72.9% that lactic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, it is 2% that butyric acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, and it is 14.65% that acetic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, and crude protein content is up to 126.8g/kg.
Embodiment 4:
A preparation method for ensilage, comprises the following steps:
(1) lactic acid bacteria preparation: get 1 kilogram of rice, eluriate with clear water, first time rice washing water is put into glassware, seal with rice paper, be put into shady place, in greenhouse 18 ~ 25 DEG C fermentation 7 days, the liquid fermented again by volume the ratio of 1:8 ~ 12 pour in fresh milk, continue fermentation 5-6 days, obtained streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, (2) fresh and tender green juice preparation: select the locust tree that vitality, cold resistance are strong to be raw material, cut into chunks is put into ceramic vessel after the ratio of 2:1 and brown sugar stir evenly according to weight ratio, seal with rice paper, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 7 ~ 9 days, by filtered through gauze, obtain the fresh and tender green juice of green forage, (3) nourishing additive agent preparation: by Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger, garlic adopts identical method to ferment respectively, example is classified as to work as, Radix Angelicae Sinensis is put into container, dosage is 1/2 of container volume, then add beer to soak, the consumption of beer is advisable just in time to flood Radix Angelicae Sinensis, with rice paper sealing, is the condition bottom fermentation 10 ~ 15 hours of 16 ~ 18 DEG C in temperature, then 2/3 place of brown sugar to container is added, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 5 days, in container, then add 48 ~ 52 degree of white wine until container is full of, then ferment 7 ~ 10 days, whole sweat completes, filter, obtain Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid, adopt above-mentioned identical method respectively to Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger and garlic are fermented, and obtain Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid and garlic zymotic fluid, by Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid during use, Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid, garlic zymotic fluid mixes with the volume ratio of 2:1:1:1:1 and is diluted with water 500 times, obtains nourishing additive agent, (4) ensilage preparation: when ensilage, streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, fresh and tender green juice, nourishing additive agent are mixed according to volume ratio 0.5:20:150, add appropriate water, amount of water is determined by ensiling raw material moisture size, reach 65 ~ 70% to make ensiling feed moisture content to be advisable, obtain additive package, then according to laying one deck locust tree, the method operation of mixed once additive is evenly sprayed, until ensiling terminates on locust tree top layer.Control temperature is 20 DEG C, and fermentation time is 40 days, obtains locust tree ensilage.Through detecting, its performance indications are color and luster is yellow green, and smell is sour fragrance, and quality is that loose softness is tack-free, pH value is 4.25, moisture is 42.9%, and ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen is 6.25%, is less than 12.5%, it is 62.8% that lactic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, it is 0 that butyric acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, and it is 17.8% that acetic acid occupies machine total acidity percentage, and crude protein content is up to 133.5g/kg.
Claims (1)
1. a preparation method for ensilage, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) lactic acid bacteria preparation: get 1 kilogram of rice, eluriate with clear water, first time rice washing water is put into glassware, seal with rice paper, be put into shady place, in greenhouse 18 ~ 25 DEG C fermentation 7 days, the liquid fermented again by volume the ratio of 1:8 ~ 12 pour in fresh milk, continue fermentation 5-6 days, obtained streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution;
(2) fresh and tender green juice preparation: select the green forage that vitality, cold resistance are strong to be raw material, cut into chunks is put into ceramic vessel after the ratio of 2:1 and brown sugar stir evenly according to weight ratio, seal with rice paper, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 7 ~ 9 days, by filtered through gauze, obtain the fresh and tender green juice of green forage;
(3) nourishing additive agent preparation: by Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger, garlic adopts identical method to ferment respectively, example is classified as to work as, Radix Angelicae Sinensis is put into container, dosage is 1/2 of container volume, then add beer to soak, the consumption of beer is advisable just in time to flood Radix Angelicae Sinensis, with rice paper sealing, is the condition bottom fermentation 10 ~ 15 hours of 16 ~ 18 DEG C in temperature, then 2/3 place of brown sugar to container is added, 20 DEG C of condition bottom fermentations 5 days, in container, then add 48 ~ 52 degree of white wine until container is full of, then ferment 7 ~ 10 days, whole sweat completes, filter, obtain Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid, adopt above-mentioned identical method respectively to Radix Glycyrrhizae, cassia bark, ginger and garlic are fermented, and obtain Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid and garlic zymotic fluid, by Radix Angelicae Sinensis zymotic fluid during use, Radix Glycyrrhizae zymotic fluid, cassia bark zymotic fluid, ginger zymotic fluid, garlic zymotic fluid mixes with the volume ratio of 2:1:1:1:1 and is diluted with water 500 times, obtains nourishing additive agent,
(4) ensilage preparation:
When ensilage, streptococcus acidi lactici fermented solution, fresh and tender green juice, nourishing additive agent are mixed according to volume ratio 0.5:20:150, add appropriate water, amount of water is determined by ensiling raw material moisture size, reach 65 ~ 70% to make ensiling feed moisture content to be advisable, obtain additive package, then according to laying one deck ensiling raw material, the method operation of mixed once additive is evenly sprayed, until ensiling terminates on ensiling raw material top layer.
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| CN109730202A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-10 | 邓由飞 | The method of buckwheat ensiling |
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