CN104326820B - Integrated special fertilizer for facility cultivation system as well as preparation method and application of integrated special fertilizer - Google Patents
Integrated special fertilizer for facility cultivation system as well as preparation method and application of integrated special fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104326820B CN104326820B CN201410578919.9A CN201410578919A CN104326820B CN 104326820 B CN104326820 B CN 104326820B CN 201410578919 A CN201410578919 A CN 201410578919A CN 104326820 B CN104326820 B CN 104326820B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of agricultural and ecological environment and particularly relates to an integrated special fertilizer for facility cultivation system as well as a preparation method and an application of the integrated special fertilizer. The raw materials of the special fertilizer comprise an inorganic chemical fertilizer, a polyvinyl formal aqueous solution and soft open-cell foamed plastics, wherein the inorganic chemical fertilizer is one or more of urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate and medium trace elements. The integrated special fertilizer for facility cultivation system provided by the invention is a special solid concentrated fertilizer which is balanced in nutrients, slowly dissolved and coupled in water and fertilizer, and capable of improving the utilization efficiency of chemical fertilizers, the sustainable production capacity of the vegetable fields or cultivation media, and the yield and the quality of the vegetables.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural, ecological environment field and in particular to a kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer,
Preparation method and application.
Background technology
China's cultivated land resource is nervous, and 1,800,000,000 mu of red lines have been approached in arable land, and increases in grain production pressure increasingly increases.Facility cultivation side
Formula, while guaranteeing that " vegetable basket " is sufficient, does not compete soil with grain-production, thus being widely applied and promoting.Facility
Cultivation, especially vegetables in day-light greenhouse cultivation has become uplifts the people's living standard in China's agricultural production and growth of agricultural efficiency, peasant
Increase income an indispensable important component part.
National vegetables in day-light greenhouse cultivates rich water utilization power and the survey result of farmland quality situation shows, in sunlight
Under the conditions of room, in order to pursue high benefit, peasant blindly puts on the means of production, exceeds 5-10 times compared with common vegetable field, thus
Fertilizer, water, medicine resource is caused to waste in a large number, pollute environment.Meanwhile, the phenomenon also day that farmland quality is degenerated, agricultural product quality declines
Become serious.The problem that vegetables in day-light greenhouse cultivation is primarily present is as follows：
(1) blindly increase irrigation quantity, cause the waste of water resource.
(2) blindly increase dose (chemical fertilizer mostly is ease of solubility chemical fertilizer and some punching fertilisings), Application Ratio is lacked of proper care, N, P ratio
Example is higher and soil nutrient is unbalance.Thereby result in salinity in soil substantially to accumulate, degree of salinity substantially increases.And, daylight
The chamber planting time limit is longer, and salt accumulation is more serious, causes the Heterogenization of protected horticultural vegetable field soil fertility, and utilization rate of fertilizer reduces
(utilization rate of N only 25% about), Soil Environmental Pollution.
(3) empirical, blindness fertilising especially inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer, make soil or cultivation matrix physicochemical property deteriorate, solution
Nutrient density increases, and has been further exacerbated by the journey of facilities vegetable continuous cropping obstacle, soil microflora imbalance and secondary salinization
Degree.Due to physiological barrier, continuous cropping obstacle and secondary salinization, in vegetable body, nitrate accumulates in a large number, causes facilities vegetable yield
And quality decline.
(4) pesticide dosage increases, and pollution of agricultural products is serious.Because irrigation quantity is excessive, sunlight indoor humidity is made to increase, soil
Earth temperature is difficult to, and leads to pest and disease damage to take place frequently, such as trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, downy mildew, virosiss etc..For ensureing vegetable not because of disease
The harm of insect pest and the underproduction, certainly will blindly increase dose, even with the high poison of country's disabling, the disease medicine of high residue and kill
Worm agent, does not only result in soil and vegetable pesticide residue increases, and jeopardizes the healthy of people.
(5) blindly increase input, Relative system error reduces.For irrigating, applying fertilizer, the input of dispenser account for greenhouse production
More than the 30% of total input.
Because, under general working condition, irrigation and two operations of fertilising are independently to carry out, and this not only increases work work
Sequence and the amount of labour used, and cause to apply fertilizer and the separation poured water and dislocation, the absorption of liquid manure cannot synchronously be carried out, nutrient and moisture coupling
Close effect and can not obtain timely and effective performance, lead to water and fertilizer utilization to decline.Long-term continuous cropping and inorganic fertilizer and chemical agriculture
Drug overdose is applied, and the reduction of soil fertility and microbial diversity, becomes from the accumulation of toxin and soil-borne disease, soil acidification etc. again
Produce, by vegetable, the major issue that sustainable development is faced, seriously govern the development of establishment planting technology.
The Integration of Water into Fertilizer treatment in accordance with local conditions formulates irrigation, fertilizer applications, emphasizes the collaborative interaction effect of the big factor of liquid manure two
Should.All reach very high precision at the aspect such as irrigation quantity, dose and its irrigation, fertilization time control, can significantly carry
Gao Shui, fertile utilization ratio, and can be according to crop to liquid manure demand rule, realize quantitative accurate in different growth stage and supply
Give.Not only coordinate and meet the supply demand to liquid manure for the plant growth, improve agricultural output, and preferably solve soil and support
Separating/enriching and salination problem.Simultaneously hence it is evident that control blend under the moisture that caused due to blindness excessive fertilization nutrient removal leaching loss,
Subsoil water and Soil Environmental Pollution, reduce pesticide residual contamination, are effectively improved farmland ecological environment, improve shortage of water resources shape
Condition, to promoting, agricultural sustainable development is significant.
The application of the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, the selection of chemical fundamentalss fertilizer is crucial it is desirable to entirely water-soluble, free from admixture.In the past
Water-fertilizer integral faces greatest problem：One is that base fertilizer belongs to chemical salt, there is crystallization, the insoluble state of water of precipitation, main
Reason is wanted to be that nitrate fertilizer is few, the ratio of nitrate nitrogen constitutes about total nitrogen ratio in Fertilizer application taking US and European as a example
More than 30%, and China is then less than 1%.Quick-acting, dissolubility height are big features of nitrate fertilizer, if leaving nitrate fertilizer
Prepare full Water soluble fertilizer to be nearly impossible.Two is that agrochemical purity is low, the insoluble impurity of water high, often results in drip irrigation zone (pipe)
Drip irrigation hole plug, destroys whole drip irrigation system.
With the development of technology, China's agricultural is in Derived from Agricultural Modernization, for speeding up to agricultural modernization, country
Wideling popularize implantation in large scale and water-fertilizer integral at present, putting into substantial contribution guiding agricultural and drip irrigation facilities are installed, especially
Northwest drought area short of rain, facility cultivation development is very fast.The fast development of drip irrigation facilities, objectively requires Water soluble fertilizer thing U.S. valency
Honest and clean, peasant household will afford to use.
The potassium raw material of the production a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer passed through at present is mainly derived from potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate, its
His raw material is carbamide, MAP, ammonium nitrate, chelated microelements, and various raw materials are blended into and are stirred together uniformly i.e.
, promote the requirement to Water soluble fertilizer for the water-fertilizer integral far from supporting country.Existing production technology potash fertilizer main source phosphoric acid
Potassium dihydrogen and potassium nitrate, due to expensive, cause Water soluble fertilizer to hold at high price.Import Water soluble fertilizer price is typically per ton 3
Ten thousand yuan, domestic also at 20,000 yuan per ton, only use on the higher industrial crops of economic worth at present, or be used for blade face
Fertile.Restricted by a great number of elements Water soluble fertilizer raw material and production method, solid, powdery Water soluble fertilizer expensive it is impossible to push away on a large scale
Extensively it is impossible to adapt to the needs that country promotes water-fertilizer integral, and commonly it is combined (mixing) fertile potash fertilizer and is mainly derived from agricultural potassium chloride
Or potassium sulfate, dissolubility is low, containing mechanical admixture it is impossible to meet the technical requirements of current drip irrigation facilities water-fertilizer integral.
For this reason, it may be necessary to a kind of can apply to facility cultivation, commercialization, nutrient in a balanced way, pass through factorial praluction
, cheap and advanced now irrigation (drip irrigation) system is adapted, the ecology that is capable of the Integration of Water into Fertilizer and requires
Type facility cultivation system dedicated fertilizer, replaces full water-soluble fertilizer or nutrient fluid cultivation comprehensively, reaches in the vegetable crop time of infertility
In only drip clear water, by water and fertilization conditions, the facility cultivation realizing meeting eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop uptake characters produces mould
Formula, balanced nutritious, reduce dose, improve chemical fertilizer utilization ratio, alleviate a series of more tight of current facility cultivation system presence
The problem of weight.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer, preparation method and application.
For realizing the purpose of the present invention, specifically adopt the following technical scheme that：A kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral
Special fertilizer, raw material consists of agricultural inorganic chemical fertilizer, polyvinyl formal solution, soft open cell foamed plastic.
In the present invention, described agricultural inorganic chemical fertilizer include carbamide, MAP, potassium chloride (potassium sulfate) and in micro-
Secondary element.Described middle trace element is calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate or it is micro-
One or more of amino-acid chelate of secondary element.
In the present invention, described polyvinyl formal is water-soluble high-molecular material, forms netted knot in fertilizer body
Structure, primarily serves binding agent effect, and the dissolving of resistance limit fertilizer, plays the effect of slow release simultaneously.Polyvinyl formal consumption depends on
Consumption in carbamide.
In the present invention, described open cell foamed plastic is soft, perforate, low-density sponge body, and density is 15-18kg/m3.
Play the effect of support frame so as to product is readily formed and quantitative point in facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer
Cut, be easy to storage, transport and use.
Facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer of the present invention be a kind of containing a great number of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus,
Potassium) and middle and trace element slow-release fertilizer.In the presence of dripping (micro-) filling clear water, slow mechanism dissolved, Releasing nutrient supply Crop
Using fertilizer nutrient utilization can reach 50-70%.
Specifically, facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer of the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
With agricultural inorganic chemical fertilizer carbamide, MAP, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate and middle and trace element as raw material, with
Polyvinyl formal is binding agent, prepares facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral with open cell foamed plastic for support frame special
Fertilizer.
More specifically, for eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, described carbamide, MAP, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate press N:
P2O5:K2O=1:0.3-0.6:1.1-1.5 compounds, and middle and trace element presses facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus
The 1-2 ‰ of potassium total amount compounds, and the solid content of polyvinylformal aqueous solution is 10%-15%, and consumption is the 5%- of urea quality
10%.The density of soft open cell foamed plastic is 15-18kg/m3.
The invention provides a kind of nutrient balance, slow mechanism dissolved water soluble solid concentrated fertilizer, using liquid manure one
Change technology, can improve intensive vegetable filed or cultivation matrix sustainable production capacity, and section is fertile, water saving, improves vegetable yields and quality.
Technical scheme：A kind of preparation method of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer, including with
Lower step：
1st, prepare polyvinyl formal solution first in a kettle., be then heated to 90-95 DEG C, then start
It is slowly added to carbamide, until carbamide is completely dissolved, obtain mixed slurry 1；
2nd, continuous heating, MAP, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate and middle and trace element are separately added in mixed slurry 1,
Obtain mixed slurry 2, maintain slip 2 temperature 90-95 DEG C, make mixed slurry 2 be in molten condition；
3rd, mixed slurry 2 is squeezed in dashpot, continuous heating, maintain bath temperature to be 90-95 DEG C, open cell foamed plastic is soaked
Enter in dashpot, after slip 2 to be mixed is full of the hole of open cell foamed plastic, takes out rapid cooling, sizing and solidifying, quantitatively cut
Block, obtains final product facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer.
Specifically, the preparation method of the polyvinyl formal that the present invention selects preferably employs following technical scheme：
(1) add water in a kettle., be warming up to 70-80 DEG C, be slowly added to polyvinyl alcohol, addition is water quality
10%-15%, is warming up to 90-95 DEG C, so that polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved in water；
(2) make the poly-vinyl alcohol solution being completely dissolved be down to 80-85 DEG C from temperature 90-95 DEG C, add appropriate HCl/water molten
Liquid, regulation pH value to 1.0-3.0；Add formaldehyde (36%-37%), addition is the 4%-6% of water quality, carries out condensation reaction
45-60min, adds appropriate NaOH aqueous solution, adjusts pH value to 7.0-7.5, obtains the polyvinyl alcohol contracting that solid content is 10-15%
Formalin.
Specifically, step 3 is for the size of stripping and slicing, shape, can be according to the density of open cell foamed plastic, the joining of inorganic fertilizer
To be adjusted than with composite factors such as consumption, specific doses, the present invention does not do to this and specific limits it is preferred that right
In eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, stripping and slicing size is advisable with (2-6) cm × (2-6) cm × 2cm.
Technical scheme：A kind of application process of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer is using opening
The formula of putting is spreaded manuer in holes, the fertilizing method of drip irrigation clear water, water and fertilizer coupling integration.
Uptake characters according to facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop and the fertility of protected horticultural vegetable field soil or cultivation matrix
Situation, using the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, by facility irrigation system drip irrigation clear water, you can meet eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop complete
The needs of period of duration growth, reach the effect of fat-reducing potentiation.
The breeding cycle of eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop is roughly divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, initial bloom stage and fruiting period.Setting
Apply in cultivation, be colonized from seedling replanting and bear fruit to the 1st inflorescence, generally 40 days about, from bearing fruit to whole harvestings (also known as drawing
Seedling) generally 120-150 days about.For the ease of joining fertile design, eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable period of duration is divided into two stages：
Seedling-florescence (sitting referred to as florescence from buddingging to the 1st inflorescence fruit) and fruiting period (are sat to complete from the 1st inflorescence fruit
Portion harvests).Eggplant/nourishing and growing of melon-fruit-like vegetable crop is gone forward side by side with reproductive growth, and the time is long, and yield is high, and fertilizer requirement is big, and happiness is fertile
But intolerant to fertilizer.Facility eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable yield generally 8000-12000kg/ mu (or use 666.7m2Represent).Move from seedling
Plant field planting to harvest to whole, eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable time of infertility typically need applied nitrogen (in terms of N) 50-70kg/ mu, phosphate fertilizer (with
P2O5Meter) 20-30kg/ mu, potash fertilizer is (with K2O counts) 55-75kg/ mu, N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.3-0.6:1.1-1.5.Seedling is extremely
Florescence fertilizer requirement accounts for the 20%-30% of whole period of duration fertilizer requirement, and fruiting period fertilizer requirement accounts for 70%-80%.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, specifically adopt the following technical scheme that：
(1) press row along spacing in the rows direction Wa Chang cave, lay drip irrigation zone；
(2) fertilizer stripping and slicing is applied in spacious cave, stripping and slicing top surface is with pocket in one plane；
(3) drip irrigation zone flow is selected to be 1.2-1.4L/h, the drip irrigation time is 3-6h/d, makes ground moistening depth 30-40cm.
The drip irrigation zone adopting in fertilizing method of the present invention is the part in conventional drip irrigation system.Conventional drip irrigation system includes
Hydraulic-pressure regulating valve, water meter, venturi or pressure differential tank, screen cloth or laminated filter and drip irrigation zone etc..
Specifically, the pocket diameter in spacious cave described in step (1)Cave depth 30-60mm.
Uptake characters according to facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop and the fertility of protected horticultural vegetable field soil or cultivation matrix
Situation, step (2) by quantitative for facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer stripping and slicing, apply in spacious cave by several times, stripping and slicing top surface
With pocket in one plane.
Preferably, the dedicated fertilizer stripping and slicing of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral divide 3-5 time apply often open cave in.
Described facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer stripping and slicing, according to facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop
The regulation of fertilizer requirement of time of infertility growth, from eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops material stripping and slicing 2-3 kind product.
In the fertilizing method of the present invention, step (1) digs spacious cave, paving before covering with plastic film after plant shoots survival after transplant slow seedling
If drip irrigation zone.
In the fertilizing method of the present invention, step (1) in the position Wa Chang cave apart from plant root 5-15cm, preferably in distance
The position Wa Chang cave of plant root 10cm.
Concrete application method is, by row along spacing in the rows direction, the position Shang Wa cave away from plant root 10cm, laying drip irrigation zone
(pipe), fertilizer stripping and slicing is applied in spacious cave, and drip irrigation zone (pipe) with pocket in one plane, is dripped after applying fertilizer every time by stripping and slicing top surface
Grout is placed on pocket or the center of fertilizer stripping and slicing.According to facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop time of infertility growth
Regulation of fertilizer requirement, seedling accounts for the 20%-30% of total fertilization amount to the florescence amount of imposing, imposes 1 time, 1-2 block of often spreading manuer in holes every time；Knot
The fruiting period amount of imposing accounts for the 70%-80% of total fertilization amount, imposes 2-3 time；Each 1-3 block of often spreading manuer in holes.
The traditional definition of the Integration of Water into Fertilizer refers to using modern installations irrigation technique, by pressure irrigation system, will
Soluble solids fertilizer or liquid fertilizer are made into solution together with irrigation water, regularly, quantitation, certainty ratio, liquid manure are supplied simultaneously to
The technology of crop root soil.It is irrigated, fertilising once completes, and can carry out time of infertility demand according to plant growth demand
Design, moisture and nutrient quantitatively, regularly, is supplied directly to crop in proportion.
The present invention is innovated on the basis of traditional the Integration of Water into Fertilizer.First, using scientific formula and uniqueness
Production technology, produce a kind of block concentrated type solid fertilizer with slow mechanism dissolved function, replace soluble solids fertilizer
Or the solution that liquid fertilizer is made into, solve the problems, such as the Price Bottleneck of current Water soluble fertilizer high cost and use front numerous and diverse operation journey
Sequence problem；Second, this bulk concentrated type solid fertilizer, using modern installations irrigation technique (drip irrigation technique), make conventional compound
(mixing) fertilizer becomes the facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer of different Protectorate cultivation soil or cultivation matrix, Ke Yiman
The nutritional need of sufficient Different Crop, fertilizer is steadily, persistently.3rd, for eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, using this kind of liquid manure one
Body special fertilizer, by facility irrigation system drip irrigation clear water, can save fertilizer more than 20%, water saving more than 50%, reach fat-reducing, increasing
The effect of effect.
Specific embodiment
Following examples are used for the present invention is described, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
1st, the formula of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer
Middle trace element selects sulphate cpd zinc sulfate monohydrate in the present embodiment.
Described chemical fertilizer is made up of carbamide, MAP, potassium chloride and middle and trace element.Addition presses butt matter
Amount calculates, wherein：Carbamide is 40.22%, MAP is 13.63%, potassium chloride is that 36.67%, zinc sulfate monohydrate is
0.10%.
2nd, the preparation of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer
(1) add industrial water purification 300kg in a kettle., be warming up to 70 DEG C, be slowly added to polyvinyl alcohol, addition is water
The 12% of quality, is warming up to 90 DEG C -95 DEG C, so that polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved；
(2) poly-vinyl alcohol solution is cooled to 80-85 DEG C, adds appropriate HCl/water solution, stirring, regulation pH value to 2.0；
Add formaldehyde (37%), addition is the 5% of water quality, carries out condensation reaction 60min；Add appropriate NaOH aqueous solution, stir
Mix, adjust pH value to 7.0-7.5, obtain polyvinyl formal solution 430kg that solid content is 11.8%.
(3) persistently heat, the polyvinyl formal solution in aforesaid reaction vessel is warming up to 90-95 DEG C, start to delay
Slow addition carbamide, addition is the 90-95% of polyvinyl formal solution, and specific addition is 402.2kg (density
1.335g/cm3), until carbamide is completely dissolved, obtain mixed slurry 1；
(3) press proportioning by MAP 136.4kg (density 1.803g/cm3), potassium chloride 366.7kg (density 1.987g/
cm3) and zinc sulfate monohydrate 1kg be separately added in mixed slurry 1, obtain mixed slurry 2, continue stirring, heat up, maintain 90-95 DEG C,
Mixed slurry 2 is made to be in molten condition.
(4) mixed slurry 2 is squeezed in dashpot 2, maintain bath temperature temperature 90-95 DEG C, density is 0.015g/cm3's
Soft, perforate low-density sponge body immerses in dashpot 2, and after slip to be mixed is full of spongy body, rapid taking-up is cooled to 40 DEG C
Hereinafter, solidify, stripping and slicing, obtain facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer.
In the present embodiment, after solidification, gained Chemical Mixed Fertilizer density is about 1.612g/cm3, then facility cultivation system liquid manure one
Change dedicated fertilizer density and be about 1.612-0.015=1.597g/cm3.Quantitative by 2.5cm × 2.5cm × 2cm stripping and slicing, fertilizer is cut
Block quality is about 2.5cm × 2.5cm × 2cm × 1.597g/cm3≈20g.By 3cm × 3cm × 2cm quantitation stripping and slicing, fertilizer stripping and slicing
Quality is about 3cm × 3cm × 2cm × 1.597g/cm3≈29g.Wherein solid fertilizer accounts for 99% about, and the quality of spongy body can
Ignore.
3rd, application process：Fertilization mode using fertilizing in opened hole, drip irrigation clear water.
(1) greenhouse tomato growth condition method
After from tomato seedling survival after transplant to slow seedling, before covering with plastic film, by row along spacing in the rows direction, away from plant root 10cm's
Position Shang Wachang cave, lays drip irrigation zone；Spacious cave pocket diameterCave depth 30mm.By facility cultivation system liquid manure one
Change dedicated fertilizer stripping and slicing quantitation, apply in spacious cave by several times, stripping and slicing top surface is with pocket in one plane.Drip irrigation zone drip irrigation hole is pressed spacious
Cave position distribution, is placed on pocket or the center of stripping and slicing top surface, covering with plastic film, and draws mulch film on the position of pocket
Hole is so that fertilizing operation.
Greenhouse tomato planting density is 2500 plants/acre.By the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti time of infertility (be colonized from seedling replanting and harvest to whole)
Nitrogen requirement (in terms of N) 50kg/ mu is applied.Seedling-florescence imposes nitrogen quantity and accounts for applies the 30% of nitrogen gross mass, uses (20-6-22)
Solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops stripping and slicing, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, dose (50 × 30%)/20%=75kg/ mu, equivalent 3cm ×
3cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing is about 75kg ÷ 0.029=2586 block, 1 piece of every cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing.Bloom-fruiting period imposes nitrogen
Amount accounts for applies the 30% of nitrogen gross mass, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, dose (50 × 30%)/20%=75kg/ mu, equivalent 3cm × 3cm
× 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing is about 75kg ÷ 0.029=2586 block, 1 piece of every cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing.Harvest time imposes nitrogen quantity and accounts for applies nitrogen
The 40% of gross mass, fertilizer application frequency 2 times, each dose (50 × 40%)/(2 × 20%)=50kg/ mu, equivalent 2.5cm ×
2.5cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing is about 50kg ÷ 0.02=2500 block, every time every 1 piece of cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing.Greenhouse tomato is given birth to entirely
Educate phase fertilizer application frequency 4 times.
The use of drip irrigation zone flow is 1.3L/h, the drip irrigation time is 3.5h/d, ground moistening depth is about 40cm.
(2) cucumber in greenhouse growth condition method
The breeding cycle of Fructus Cucumidis sativi is roughly divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, initial bloom stage and fruiting period.In cucumber in greenhouse cultivation,
It is colonized from seedling replanting and bear fruit to the 1st inflorescence, generally 40d about, it is generally from bearing fruit to whole harvestings (also known as uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested)
150d about, specific fertilizing method is as follows.
After from cucumber seedling survival after transplant to slow seedling, before covering with plastic film, by row along spacing in the rows direction, away from plant root 10cm's
Position Shang Wachang cave, lays drip irrigation zone；Spacious cave pocket diameterCave depth 30mm.By facility cultivation system liquid manure one
Change dedicated fertilizer stripping and slicing quantitation, apply in spacious cave by several times, stripping and slicing top surface is with pocket in one plane.Drip irrigation zone drip irrigation hole is pressed spacious
Cave position distribution, is placed on pocket or the center of stripping and slicing top surface, covering with plastic film, and draws mulch film on the position of pocket
Hole is so that fertilizing operation.
Cucumber in greenhouse planting density is 3000 plants/acre.By the Fructus Cucumidis sativi time of infertility (be colonized from seedling replanting and harvest to whole)
Nitrogen requirement (in terms of N) 60kg/ mu is applied.Seedling-florescence imposes nitrogen quantity and accounts for applies the 20% of nitrogen gross mass, uses (20-6-22)
Solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops stripping and slicing, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, dose (60 × 20%)/20%=60kg/ mu, equivalent 2.5cm
× 2.5cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing is about 60kg ÷ 0.02=3000 block, 1 piece of every cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing.Bloom-fruiting period chases after
Amount of nitrogen accounts for applies the 20% of nitrogen gross mass, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, dose (60 × 20%)/20%=60kg/ mu, equivalent 2.5cm
× 2.5cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing is 60kg ÷ 0.02=3000 block, 1 piece of every cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing.Harvest time imposes nitrogen quantity and accounts for
Apply the 60% of nitrogen gross mass, fertilizer application frequency 3 times, each dose (60 × 60%)/(3 × 20%)=60kg/ mu, convert into
2.5cm × 2.5cm × 2cm fertilizer stripping and slicing is about 60kg ÷ 0.02=3000 block, every time every 1 piece of cave applying fertilizer stripping and slicing.Facility
Fructus Cucumidis sativi time of infertility fertilizer application frequency 5 times.
The use of drip irrigation zone flow is 1.3L/h, the drip irrigation time is 3.5h/d, ground moistening depth is about 40cm.
Although, above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer is it is characterised in that raw material includes inorganic chemical fertilizer, polyethylene
Alcohol formal aqueous solution, soft open cell foamed plastic；Described inorganic chemical fertilizer be carbamide, MAP, potassium salt and in micro
Element；
The solid content of described polyvinyl formal solution is 10%-15%；
Described potassium salt is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate；
Described middle trace element is selected from calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate or micro-
One or more of secondary element amino-acid chelate.
2. special fertilizer according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Described soft open cell foamed plastic is in facility cultivation system
Play the effect of support frame in water-fertilizer integral dedicated fertilizer so as to product is readily formed and quantitative segmentation, be easy to storage, fortune
Defeated and use.
3. special fertilizer according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Polyvinyl formal is water-soluble high-molecular material,
Form network structure in fertilizer body, play binding agent effect, the dissolving of resistance limit fertilizer, plays slow releasing function simultaneously.
4. special fertilizer according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：The density of described soft open cell foamed plastic is 15-
18kg/m3.
5. special fertilizer according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：For eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, in mass ratio, institute
State carbamide, MAP, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate by N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.3-0.6:1.1-1.5 compounding, in mass ratio, in
Trace element is the 1-2 ‰ of described chemical fertilizer total amount.
6. a kind of preparation method of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer is it is characterised in that described special fertilizer raw material bag
Include inorganic chemical fertilizer, polyvinyl formal solution, soft open cell foamed plastic；Described inorganic chemical fertilizer be carbamide,
MAP, potassium salt and middle trace element；Described potassium salt is potassium chloride or potassium sulfate；Described middle trace element is selected from nitric acid
One of calcium, magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid, sodium molybdate, ammonium molybdate or microelements aminophenol chelated or many
Kind；
Described preparation method comprises the following steps：
(1) add water in a kettle., be warming up to 70-80 DEG C, add polyvinyl alcohol, add the 10%-15% that quality is water quality,
It is warming up to 90-95 DEG C, so that polyvinyl alcohol is completely dissolved in water；
(2) poly-vinyl alcohol solution is made to be cooled to 80-85 DEG C, regulation pH value to 1.0-3.0；Add formaldehyde, addition quality is water quality
The 4%-6% of amount, carries out condensation reaction 45-60min, adjusts pH value to 7.0-7.5, obtains polyvinyl formal solution；
(3) polyvinyl formal solution is warming up to 90-95 DEG C, adds carbamide, quality is that polyvinyl formal is water-soluble
The 90%-95% of liquid quality, until carbamide is completely dissolved, obtains mixed slurry 1；
(4) again MAP, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate and middle trace element are separately added in mixed slurry 1, obtain mixed slurry
2, maintain temperature to be 90-95 DEG C, make mixed slurry 2 be in molten condition；
(5) mixed slurry 2 is squeezed in dashpot, maintain bath temperature to be 90-95 DEG C, soft open cell foamed plastic is immersed dashpot
In, after slip 2 to be mixed is full of foams, takes out rapid cooling, solidification, quantitative stripping and slicing, obtain final product facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral
Special fertilizer.
7. described in any one of claim 1-5, the application process of facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer is using open cave
Apply, drip irrigation clear water, water and fertilizer coupling integration fertilizing method.
8. fertilizing method according to claim 7 is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) press row along spacing in the rows direction, apart from plant root 5-10cm, dig spacious cave, lay drip irrigation zone；
(2) fertilizer stripping and slicing is applied in spacious cave, stripping and slicing top surface is with pocket in one plane；
(3) drip irrigation zone flow is selected to be 1.2-1.4L/h, the drip irrigation time is 3-6h/d, makes ground moistening depth 30-40cm.
9. fertilizing method according to claim 8 it is characterised in that：The pocket diameter in spacious cave described in step (1)Cave depth 30-60mm.
10. fertilizing method according to claim 8 it is characterised in that：Step (2) is by facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral
Dedicated fertilizer stripping and slicing is quantitative, apply in spacious cave by several times, and stripping and slicing top surface is with pocket in one plane.
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| CN104973938A (en) * | 2015-06-13 | 2015-10-14 | 王娟 | Embedded biofertilizer box for elm |
| CN104987160A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-10-21 | 句容市后白镇美佳多果品专业合作社 | Pear tree water and fertilizer integration special fertilizer and fertilizing method utilizing same |
| CN105367229A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-03-02 | 张山虎 | Liquid microbial ecological fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106220270A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-14 | 安徽朗坤物联网有限公司 | Water-fertilizer integral paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer based on Internet of Things and fertilizing method thereof |
| CN107285851A (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-10-24 | 西施生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of matrix of ornamental plant introducing and planting and its preparation |
| CN108586087A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-09-28 | 王亚 | A kind of long-acting slow-release Liquid organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103483111A (en) * | 2013-09-21 | 2014-01-01 | 青岛嘉禾丰肥业有限公司 | Manufacture method for plate-type fertilizer bag slow-releasing structure |
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