CN104250272B - 一种利用微反应器制备列净类药物中间体的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用微反应器制备列净类药物中间体的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104250272B CN104250272B CN201310264507.3A CN201310264507A CN104250272B CN 104250272 B CN104250272 B CN 104250272B CN 201310264507 A CN201310264507 A CN 201310264507A CN 104250272 B CN104250272 B CN 104250272B
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Classifications
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- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
- C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D309/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D407/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00
- C07D407/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D405/00 containing two hetero rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
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- C07D409/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
- C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
- C07H15/04—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H7/00—Compounds containing non-saccharide radicals linked to saccharide radicals by a carbon-to-carbon bond
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用微反应器制备列净类药物中间体的方法,将溶于有机溶剂的化合物III与有机金属试剂分别通过物料通道在微反应器单元(L)内混合,并经(L)流向微反应器单元(H);溶于有机溶剂的化合物II通过物料通道与上述混合液在预设温度为(T2)的微反应器单元(H)中混合,并通过该微反应器单元(H),待反应完毕后从出口流出,对该流出的反应液进行后处理,即得目标化合物‑‑列净类药物中间体I。本发明利用微反应器合成中间体(I),可以有效解决此类反应的传热问题,由于微反应器中反应物的混合极其充分,从而缩短的反应时间,提高了反应效率,微反应器几乎没有放大效应,同时具有较高的安全性能,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用微反应器制备列净类药物中间体的方法,具体涉及一种利用如图1所示的微反应器制备抗II型糖尿病新药--达格列净(Dapagliflozin)、坎格列净(Canagliflozin)以及(1S)-1,5-脱水-1-C-[4-氯-3-[[4-[[(3S)-四氢-3-呋喃基]氧基]苯基]甲基]苯基]-D-葡萄糖醇(Empagliflozin)等列净类药物中间体I的方法。
背景技术
钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2(SGLT2)是最近发现的糖尿病治疗新靶点。SGLT2抑制剂的运用有利于2-型糖尿病患者的血糖调控,并提供了一种通过排泄过量葡萄糖来改善糖尿病及其并发症的新机制。目前,全球许多医药公司和研发机构正在不断加大投入,积极开发SGLT2抑制剂作为治疗2-型糖尿病的新药物。百时美施贵宝和阿兹利康联合开发的达格列净(Dapagliflozin),强生公司开发的坎格列净(Canagliflozin)以及勃林格英格翰公司开发的Empagliflozin,这些都是被市场广泛看好的治疗II型糖尿病的新药。它们的结构式分别如下:
此类药物的合成大多经历以下中间体I:
该中间体I通常由羟基保护的D-葡萄糖内酯与卤代芳烃在锂试剂或者格式试剂的存在下进行加成反应制备而成的。但此类反应放热剧烈,反应操作难于控制,工业放大过程低温设备要求苛刻。由于受到局部升温的影响,往往工业放大无法得到与小试相同的产率和产品质量。
微反应器(micro reactor)也被称为微通道反应器(micro-channel reactor),是微反应器、微混合器、微换热器、微控制器等微通道化工设备的通称。相对于传统的批次反应工艺,微反应器具有高速混合、高效传热、窄的停留时间分布、重复性好、系统响应迅速、便于自动化控制、几乎无放大效应以及高的安全性能等优势。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种利用微反应器制备列净类药物中间体I的方法,以克服现有制备方法中存在的各种缺陷。
本发明的反应式如下:
其中G为保保护基乙酰基,或C3-C9的硅基保护基,如三甲基硅基,苄基等。G’为氢、乙酰基、苄基等,同一化合物中。X为卤素,代表性例子如溴或碘。Ar为C6-C15的芳基或取代芳基,如苯基、对乙氧基苯基、5-对氟苯基-2-噻吩基、4-((S)-四氢呋喃-3-氧基)苯基等。R为取代基,如氯、甲基或氢。M为甲基或氢。
本发明所述的微反应器,其结构如图1所示,包括至少3条物料通道A、B、C和2个微反应单元L、H,以及一个出口D。其中,微反应单元L和H上下叠放在一起,微反应单元L位于H的正上方;物料通道A、B分别设于微反应单元L的同一侧,物料通道C设于微反应单元H的一侧,且与物料通道A、B呈相对位置;出口D设于微反应单元H的另一侧。
所述微反应单元L和H内还分别设有物料通道(该物料通道可以是锯齿状,直线型,螺旋状,或弯曲状等皆可),二者通过一垂直物料相连通。其中,所述微反应单元L内的物料通道一端与物料通道A、B相连接,另一端与通往微反应单元H内的垂直物料通道相连接;所述微反应单元H内的物料通道一端与来自微反应单元L的垂直物料通道以及物料通道C相连接,另一端与出口D相连接,从而使整个微反应器形成通路。
本发明所述的利用微反应器制备列净类药物中间体I的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将溶于有机溶剂的化合物III与有机金属试剂分别通过物料通道A、B流入预设温度为T1的微反应器单元L内混合,并经L流向微反应器单元H;
(2)将溶于有机溶剂的化合物II通过物料通道C与上述混合液在微反应单元H内混合,并通过预设温度为T2的微反应单元H,待反应完毕后从出口D流出,对该流出的反应液进行后处理,即得目标化合物--列净类药物中间体I。
上述方法中,步骤(1)所述的化合物III溶液浓度为0.01g/mL~2g/mL,化合物III与有机金属试剂的流速分别为0.1mL/min~5.0mL/min。
所述有机金属试剂选自:C4以上的有机锂试剂,如正丁基锂、仲丁基锂或叔丁基锂试剂;或C1-C4的链状烷烃格式试剂与氯化锂的混合溶液,如乙基格式试剂或异丙基格式试剂与氯化锂的混合溶液,二者的摩尔比为1∶0.9~1∶1.2。
微反应单元L的预设温度T1为-90~20℃,优选-80~-5℃。
上述方法中,步骤(2)所述的化合物II溶液浓度为0.01g/mL~2g/mL,化合物II的流速为0.1mL/min~5.0mL/min。
微反应单元H的预设温度T2为-90~20℃,优选-80~-15℃。
上述方法中,所述的有机溶剂选自:C2-C7的醚类有机溶液,如乙醚、苯甲醚等;或四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃;或C6-C9的芳烃溶液,如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、间三甲苯等。
反应完毕后,将从出口D流出的反应液收集于酸性水溶液(如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸等)中,或收集于含有甲磺酸的甲醇溶液中,经搅拌、萃取、水洗、盐洗、干燥浓缩等后处理,即得目标化合物--列净类药物中间体I。
本发明利用微反应器成功快速合成出目标化合物--列净类药物中间体I,可以有效解决此类反应的传热问题,且由于微反应器中反应物的混合极其充分,从而缩短了反应时间,提高了反应效率,微反应器几乎没有放大效应,同时具有较高的安全性能,适合工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明的微反应器的结构示意图,其中A、B、C分别为物料通道,L、H分别为微反应器单元,D为出口,T1、T2分别为微反应器单元L、H的预设温度。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案,但所述实施例不限制本发明的保护范围。应当说明的是,以下实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。
实例1达格列净中间体Ia--(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-氯-3-(4-乙氧基苄基)苯基)-6-(羟甲基)-2-甲氧基四氢-2H-吡喃-3,4,5-三醇的合成。
方法1
配制1g/mL的4-溴-1-氯-2-(4-乙氧苄基)苯的乙醚溶液163mL(163g,0.5mol),向物料通道A中通入以上乙醚溶液,控制流速为0.1mL/min。同时向物料通道B中通入2.5M的正丁基锂溶液共200mL,控制流速为0.12mL/min,其中微反应单元L的预设温度T1为-80~-75℃。随后向物料通道C中通入0.5g/mL的(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-三(三甲基硅氧基)-6-((三甲基硅氧基)甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮的乙醚溶液514mL(257g,0.55mol),控制流速为0.3mL/min,其中微反应单元H的预设温度T2为-80~-70℃。待反应完毕后,将出口D流出的反应液通入含有0.6N甲磺酸的甲醇溶液中(1L),控制温度15~25℃,当体系全部通入完毕后,搅拌16h,体系经过饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得目标产物,即得达格列净中间体Ia--(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-氯-3-(4-乙氧基苄基)苯基)-6-(羟甲基)-2-甲氧基四氢-2H-吡喃-3,4,5-三醇,180g,产率82%。
HPLC ES/MS m/z:461((M+Na)+)
方法2
配制0.2g/mL的4-溴-1-氯-2-(4-乙氧苄基)苯的四氢呋喃溶液815mL(163g,0.5mol),向物料通道A中通入以上四氢呋喃溶液,控制流速1mL/min。同时向物料通道B中通入2.5M的正丁基锂溶液共200mL,控制流速0.25mL/min,其中微反应单元L的预设温度T1为-80~-75℃。随后向物料通道C中通入0.4g/mL的(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-三(三甲基硅氧基)-6-((三甲基硅氧基)甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮的四氢呋喃溶液643mL(257g,0.55mol),控制流速为0.8mL/min,其中微反应单元H的预设温度T2为-80~-70℃。待反应完毕后,将出口D流出的反应液通入含有0.6N甲磺酸的甲醇溶液中(1L),控制温度15-25℃,当体系全部通入完毕后,搅拌16h,体系经过饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩得目标产物,即达格列净中间体Ia--(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-氯-3-(4-乙氧基苄基)苯基)-6-(羟甲基)-2-甲氧基四氢-2H-吡喃-3,4,5-三醇,193g,产率88%。
HPLC ES/MS m/z:461((M+Na)+)
实例2坎格列净中间体Ib--(3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(乙酰甲基)-2-(3-((5-(4-氟苯基)噻吩-2-基)甲基)-4-甲基苯基)-2-四氢-2H-吡喃-3,4,5-三醋酸酯的合成。
配制0.1g/mL的2-(2-甲基-5-碘苄基)-5-(4-氟苯基)噻吩的甲苯溶液2040mL(204g,0.5mol),向物料通道A中通入以上甲苯溶液,控制流速2mL/min。同时向物料通道B中通入2M的异丙基格式试剂和氯化锂的溶液(格式试剂与氯化锂摩尔比为1∶1)共250mL,控制流速为0.23mL/min,其中微反应单元L的预设温度T1为-10~0℃。随后向物料通道C中通入0.2g/mL的(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(乙酰氧甲基)-6-羰基四氢-2H-吡喃-3,4,5-三醋酸酯的四氢呋喃溶液952mL(190g,0.55mol),控制流速为0.9mL/min,其中微反应单元H的预设温度T2为-35~-15℃。待反应完毕后,将出口D处流出的反应液通入含有38mL乙酸和425mL水的混合液中,控制温度15~25℃,当体系全部通入完毕后,搅拌15min,体系经过饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,即得目标化合物坎格列净中间体Ib--(3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(乙酰甲基)-2-(3-((5-(4-氟苯基)噻吩-2-基)甲基)-4-甲基苯基)-2-四氢-2H-吡喃-3,4,5-三醋酸酯,260g,产率83%。
HPLC ES/MS m/z:651((M+Na)+)
实例3坎格列净中间体Ic--(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-三(苄氧基)-6-(苄氧甲基)-2-(3-((5-(4-氟苯基)噻吩-2-基)甲基)-4-甲基苯基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-氧烷的合成。
配制0.1g/mL的2-(2-甲基-5-碘苄基)-5-(4-氟苯基)噻吩的甲苯溶液2040mL(204g,0.5mol),向物料通道A中通入以上甲苯溶液,控制速度2mL/min。同时向通道B中通入2M的乙基格式试剂和氯化锂溶液(格式试剂与氯化锂摩尔比为1∶1.2)共250mL,控制流速0.23mL/min,其中微反应单元L的预设温度T1为-10~0℃。随后向物料通道C中通入0.2g/mL的(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-三(苄氧基)-6-(苄氧甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮的四氢呋喃溶液1480mL(296g,0.55mol),控制流速为1.4mL/min,其中微反应单元H的预设温度T2为-35~-15℃。待反应完毕后,将出口D流出的反应液通入含有38mL乙酸和425mL水的混合液中,控制温度15-25℃,当体系全部通入完毕后,搅拌15min,体系经过饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,即得目标化合物坎格列净中间体Ic--(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-三(苄氧基)-6-(苄氧甲基)-2-(3-((5-(4-氟苯基)噻吩-2-基)甲基)-4-甲基苯基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-氧烷,324g,产率79%。
HPLC ES/MS m/z:843((M+Na)+)
实例4Empagliflozin中间体Id--(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-氯-3-(4-((S)-四氢呋喃-3-氧基)苄基)苯基)-6-(羟甲基)-2-甲氧基四氢-2H-吡喃-3,4,5-三醇的合成。
配制0.5g/mL的(S)-3-(4-(2-氯-5-碘苄基)酚基)四氢呋喃的四氢呋喃溶液414mL(207g,0.5mol),向物料通道A中通入该四氢呋喃溶液,控制流速为0.5mL/min。同时向物料通道B中通入2M的异丙基格式试剂和氯化锂的溶液(格式试剂与氯化锂摩尔比为1∶0.9)共250mL,控制流速为0.30mL/min,其中微反应单元L的预设温度T1为-15~-10℃。随后向物料通道C中通入0.3g/mL的(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-三(三甲基硅氧基)-6-((三甲基硅氧基)甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮的四氢呋喃溶液857mL(257g,0.55mol),控制流速为1.0mL/min,其中微反应单元H的预设温度T2为-40~-20℃。待反应完毕后,将出口D处流出的反应液通入含有0.6N甲磺酸的甲醇溶液中(1L),控制温度15~25℃,当体系全部通入完毕后,搅拌16h,体系经过饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液淬灭,乙酸乙酯萃取,饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,得目标化合物Empagliflozin中间体I--(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-氯-3-(4-((S)-四氢呋喃-3-氧基)苄基)苯基)-6-(羟甲基)-2-甲氧基四氢-2H-吡喃-3,4,5-三醇,180g,产率75%。
HPLC ES/MS m/z:503((M+Na)+)。
Claims (7)
1.一种利用微反应器制备列净类药物中间体I的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将溶于有机溶剂的化合物III与有机金属试剂分别通过微反应器的物料通道(A、B)流入预设温度为(T1)的微反应器单元(L)内混合,并经(L)流向微反应器单元(H),化合物III与有机金属试剂的流速分别为0.1mL/min~5.0mL/min;所述的微反应器单元(L)的预设温度(T1)为-15~20℃;
其中,所述微反应器包括至少3条物料通道(A、B、C)和2个微反应单元(L)和(H),以及一个出口(D);微反应单元(L)和(H)上下叠放在一起,微反应单元(L)位于(H)的正上方;物料通道(A、B)分别设于微反应单元(L)的同一侧,物料通道(C)设于微反应单元H的一侧,且与物料通道(A、B)呈相对位置;出口(D)设于微反应单元(H)的另一侧;所述微反应单元(L)和(H)内还分别设有物料通道,二者通过一垂直物料通道相连通;
(2)将溶于有机溶剂的化合物II通过物料通道(C)与上述混合液在微反应器单元(H)内混合,并通过预设温度为(T2)的微反应器单元(H),待反应完毕后从出口(D)流出,对该流出的反应液进行后处理,即得目标化合物--列净类药物中间体I;化合物II的流速为0.1mL/min~5.0mL/min;
反应式如下:
其中G为保护基乙酰基、三甲基硅基,或苄基;G’为氢、乙酰基,或苄基;X为溴或碘;Ar为苯基、对乙氧基苯基、5-对氟苯基-2-噻吩基,或4-((S)-四氢呋喃-3-氧基)苯基;R为氯、甲基或氢;M为甲基或氢。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的化合物III溶液浓度为0.01g/mL~2g/mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的有机金属试剂选自:正丁基锂、叔丁基锂;以及乙基格式试剂或异丙基格式试剂与氯化锂的混合溶液,二者的摩尔比为1:0.9~1:1.2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的化合物II溶液浓度为0.01g/mL~2g/mL。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的微反应器单元(H)的预设温度(T2)为-90~20℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂选自:乙醚、苯甲醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、苯、甲苯、二甲苯,或间三甲苯。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将从出口(D)流出的反应液收集于酸性水溶液中,或收集于含有甲磺酸的甲醇溶液中,经搅拌、萃取、水洗、盐洗、干燥、浓缩,即得目标化合物--列净类药物中间体I。
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CN106632288B (zh) * | 2016-11-07 | 2019-07-16 | 安徽九华华源药业有限公司 | 恩格列净的制备方法 |
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