CN104155521A - Method and apparatus for determining phase difference - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and apparatus for determining a phase difference. The method comprises: obtaining an effective value of a first voltage, an effective value of a second voltage, and an effective value of a voltage difference between the first voltage and the second voltage; and according to a relation among the effective value of the first voltage, the effective value of the second voltage and the effective value of the voltage difference, determining the phase difference between the first voltage and the second voltage. By using the method and apparatus provided by the invention, the problems of quite complex realization and quite large errors of a conventional phase difference measuring method in related arts are solved, and the technical effects of reducing complexity and minimizing measuring errors are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronics, in particular to a method and a device for determining phase difference.
Background
Phase difference is a parameter that often needs to be measured in the field of industrial measurement and control, for example: measurement of power factor in power systems, measurement of phase difference of sensitive track circuits in railway systems, and measurement of phase difference in coriolis mass flowmeters, among others. However, the measurement of the phase difference is different from the conventional measurement of the voltage, current signal or level, temperature quantity. Firstly, a phase difference signal is attached to a voltage or current signal, and how to eliminate the influence of the change of the voltage, the current or the frequency on the phase difference measurement is an important aspect in the phase difference measurement; secondly, the phase difference is a comparison quantity, and the measurement of the phase difference between two signals not only needs to ensure that the frequencies of the two signals are the same, but also needs to eliminate the influence on the measurement caused by the inconsistency of the amplitude values of the two signals and other factors.
At present, in an electric power system, it is often necessary to measure a phase difference between a voltage and a current, and sometimes it is necessary to measure a phase relation between three-phase voltages or three-phase currents, for example: as shown in fig. 1, the phase relationship between the phases of two directional ac power supplies is measured. There are two main types of commonly used phase measurement methods: one is a direct measurement method based on hardware processing, also called phase-pulse width method, comprising: oscillography, Lishayu ellipsograph, XOR gate voltage measurement, and XOR gate digital counting; the other is a software measuring method based on digital signal processing, which comprises a function calculation method and a Fourier transform method.
These several ways of calculating the phase difference are described in detail below:
1) the oscilloscope direct reading method adopts the measurement principle that two sinusoidal voltage signals with the same frequency are respectively connected to two channels of a dual-trace oscilloscope, one channel is used as a trigger source, the period (namely T in figure 1) and the time interval of a zero crossing point (namely delta T in figure 1) of the two signals are directly read, and then the two signals are converted into radians, namely the phase difference of the two sinusoidal voltage signals U1(T) and U2(T), and the calculation formula can beWherein,is the desired phase difference. However, in such a measurement and calculation manner, white noise, zero-crossing point jitter, human eye reading error and other factors have a large influence on the measurement result of the method. In addition, in the actual measurement process, the voltage of 380V/220V ac cannot be directly connected to the measurement channel of the oscilloscope in general, and voltage reduction and isolation measures are required to be added, which also brings certain errors to the measurement result.
2) The measurement principle of the Lishayu ellipsograph method is that two sinusoidal voltage signals with the same frequency are respectively connected to two channels of a dual-trace oscilloscope, one channel is used as an x axis, the other channel is used as a y axis, and an ellipse can be obtained on the oscilloscope, as shown in figure 2, by the formula:
the phase difference of the two signals can be obtained. Similarly, factors such as noise interference, zero crossing point jitter, human eye reading error and the like have great influence on the measurement result of the method. In addition, in the actual measurement process, the voltage of 380V/220V ac cannot be directly connected to the measurement channel of the oscilloscope in general, and voltage reduction and isolation measures are required to be added, which also brings certain errors to the measurement result.
3) In the method, two paths of same-frequency signals are compared through zero crossing to obtain two paths of square waves with the same period, and the ratio (duty ratio) of the pulse width to the signal period obtained by the XOR of the two paths of square waves is corresponding to the phase difference of the two signals. The principle of the XOR gate voltage measurement method is that a pulse width signal output by an XOR gate passes through an integrating circuit, the pulse width is converted into a voltage signal on a capacitor through the integration process of charging the capacitor by pulses, and then the voltage Uo and the integral voltage Ui of a signal period are measured simultaneously, and the following formula can be used for measuring the voltage Uo and the integral voltage Ui of the signal periodA phase difference is obtained.
However, the xor gate voltage measurement method needs to convert the pulse width into a voltage signal on the integrating capacitor, and cannot be used for measurement with higher resolution because of the measurement form of charging and discharging the capacitor. In addition, the quantization errors of leakage current and temperature drift on the integrating capacitor cause that the phase difference measuring method is difficult to achieve high precision. In addition, due to the existence of the integrating circuit, the sampling speed of the system is reduced, so that the circuit can only be used for a low-speed system with slowly-changed signals.
4）The digital counting method of XOR gate includes counting the pulse width in the XOR gate voltage measuring method with microprocessor or timer and counter, counting the square pulse output by comparator to obtain the count Ni in the whole period, and counting the square pulse output by XOR gate to obtain the count NoThe phase difference can be obtained from the obtained count result.
However, the two xor gate based time interval methods, the xor gate voltage measurement method and the xor gate digital counting method, mainly have the following problems:
the zero-crossing comparison with the comparator inherently has a large error. To avoid signal jitter near the zero point, a hysteresis comparator may be introduced, however the presence of a hysteresis comparator makes the output more sensitive to the amplitude of the input signal, the larger the amplitude of the signal input, the smaller the phase shift is relatively. In order to filter out the interference signal before the comparator, an analog filter circuit is required to be added to the signal input stage. First, the filter circuit will impart a portion of the indeterminate phase shift to the signal, and the filter circuit is constructed in relation to the frequency of the input signal. Secondly, the filter circuit of two signals has unbalanced problem. Thirdly, it is considered that the analog filter circuit is difficult to achieve the ideal filtering effect and if there is a dc component in the signal, the signal will have a large deviation when passing through the zero-crossing comparison. It is difficult for most microprocessors to synchronously acquire the pulse width after xor and the period of the signal and measure them. For slowly varying signals, synchronous measurements may not be required, which however may lead to errors, while for transient signals this measurement method is not very suitable.
5) The principle of function calculation method is that firstly two sinusoidal voltage signals are multiplied, then the second harmonic component in the result is filtered out, only the DC component is remained, and thenPost-pass formulaA phase difference is calculated, where M is the dc component, a is the amplitude of one signal, and B is the amplitude of the other signal.
However,is a phase difference obtained from theoretical analysis, and actually, two input signals are all interfered by various harmonics. After multiplication, these interference signals are partially superimposed on the required dc component, so that digital filtering needs to be performed on the two signals before and after the multiplication. Because the filter parameters can be designed at will according to the requirements of users on the performance of the filter, the parameter precision can be strictly ensured, and the problem that the precision is influenced due to the aging of elements can be avoided, so that the influence of the filtering link on the phase measurement precision can be reduced to the minimum.
The key to measuring the phase difference by the function calculation method is how to realize the multiplication of signals, and the traditional analog multiplier has the problems of nonlinearity and bandwidth limitation.
6) The discrete Fourier transform method is a software measurement and calculation method based on analog/digital (A/D) sampling, and the basic principle is that two paths of signals are firstly subjected to A/D sampling, then the initial phase of the fundamental waves of the two paths of signals is obtained through discrete Fourier transform calculation, and then the phase difference of the two paths of signals is obtained through an arc tangent trigonometric function. The phase difference between the power frequency voltage and the power frequency current can be accurately obtained from the distorted power frequency voltage and current signals with multiple harmonics and noises by utilizing discrete Fourier transform.
If the signal frequency is deterministic, the signal can be directly sampled for a full period. However, in most cases, the frequency of the measurement signal is unstable, and how to sample the signal is the key to achieve high-precision phase difference measurement based on discrete fourier transform. If the whole-period sampling is still carried out, the signal period must be precisely calculated before the sampling, so that the sampling interval is calculated, and the whole-period sampling can be realized; if the number of sampling points and the sampling interval are fixed, namely a non-integer-period sampling method is adopted, the frequency leakage error caused by non-integer-period sampling must be compensated through reasonably designing a window function.
From the above analysis, the above measurement methods are widely applied to the phase difference measurement technology because of simple circuit structure, concise physical concept and easy software implementation. However, the results obtained by the above measurement methods are not only affected by signal waveforms, noise interference, artificial readings, etc., but also have a great relationship with the performance of the electronic components in the measurement circuit. Therefore, the phase difference measurement is performed by the methods, the precision and stability of the measurement result are low, and meanwhile, the methods all require a special measuring instrument or a special measuring device, and the structure of a measuring circuit, the field operability and the like are relatively complex.
In view of the above problems, no effective solution has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for determining a phase difference, which are used for at least solving the technical problems of complex realization and large error of a phase difference measuring method in the prior art.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for determining a phase difference, including: acquiring a voltage effective value of a first path of signal, a voltage effective value of a second path of signal and an effective value of a voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal; and determining the phase difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal according to the relation among the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the effective value of the voltage difference.
Preferably, determining the phase difference from the relationship comprises: the phase difference is calculated by the cosine theorem.
Preferably, the phase difference is calculated by the following formula:wherein,represents said phase difference, U1Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the first path signal2Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the second path signal1U2And the voltage difference between the first signal and the second signal is represented.
Preferably, the obtaining of the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal, and the effective value of the voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal includes: and measuring the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the voltage difference effective value between the first path of signal and the second path of signal by using a multimeter.
Preferably, the measuring, by a multimeter, the effective voltage values of the first signal, the second signal, and the voltage difference between the first signal and the second signal includes: and under the condition that the voltage of the system to be measured is higher than a preset threshold value, measuring the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the voltage difference effective value between the first path of signal and the second path of signal on the secondary side of a voltage transformer and/or a current transformer through the multimeter.
Preferably, the method for determining the phase difference is applied to the determination of the voltage phase difference of the power system.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a phase difference determining apparatus, including: the device comprises an acquisition unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a voltage effective value of a first path of signal, a voltage effective value of a second path of signal and an effective value of a voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal; and the determining unit is used for determining the phase difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal according to the relation among the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the effective value of the voltage difference.
Preferably, the determination unit includes: and the determining module is used for calculating the phase difference through a cosine theorem.
Preferably, the determining module comprises: a calculating module for calculating the phase difference by the following formula:wherein,represents said phase difference, U1Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the first path signal2Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the second path signal1U2And the voltage difference between the first signal and the second signal is represented.
Preferably, the acquiring unit includes: and the measuring module is used for measuring the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the voltage difference effective value between the first path of signal and the second path of signal through a universal meter.
Preferably, the measurement module is further configured to, when the voltage of the system to be measured is higher than a predetermined threshold, obtain, by the multimeter, a voltage effective value of the first path of signal, a voltage effective value of the second path of signal, and an effective value of a voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal on the secondary side of the voltage transformer and/or the current transformer.
In the embodiment of the invention, the phase difference can be determined by the measured voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the measured voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the measured voltage effective value of the voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal, so that the technical problems of complex implementation and large error of a phase difference measuring method in the related technology are solved, and the technical effects of reducing complexity and reducing measuring errors are achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of phase difference measurement of two sinusoidal voltage signals according to the related art;
FIG. 2 is a Lissajous ellipsograph method for measuring a phase difference of two sine wave voltage signals according to the related art;
FIG. 3 is a preferred flow chart of a method of determining a phase difference according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a phasor diagram of two signals with a phase difference according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a preferred configuration of the phase difference determination apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining a preferred phase difference, as shown in fig. 3, including the following steps:
step S302: acquiring a voltage effective value of a first path of signal, a voltage effective value of a second path of signal and an effective value of a voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal;
step S304: and determining the phase difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal according to the relation among the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the effective value of the voltage difference.
In the above preferred embodiment, the phase difference can be determined by the measured voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the measured voltage effective value of the second path of signal, and the measured voltage effective value of the voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal, so that the technical problems of complex implementation and large error of the phase difference measuring method in the related art are solved, and the technical effects of reducing complexity and reducing measurement errors are achieved.
In the power system, the phase measurement of the voltage and the current of each stage can be summarized into the measurement of the voltage phase difference. In the preferred embodiment, the phase difference can be determined according to the cosine law, and for two paths of signals to be measuredThe amplitudes of the two signals can be different, if the phase difference of the two signals needs to be measured, the two signals need to have a common point, and the phase difference included angle is assumed to beThe phasor diagram can be as shown in figure 4. As can be seen from FIG. 4, as long as the lengths of the three sides of the triangle are obtained, the sister can use the cosine law to obtain the included angle in the triangleHowever, the lengths of the three sides of the triangle shown in fig. 4 respectively correspond to the effective voltage values U of the two signals1And U2And the effective value U of the voltage difference between the first path signal and the second path signal12. In determining the above-mentioned U1、U2And U12After the value of (c), the phase difference can be determined according to the following formula
Wherein,represents said phase difference, U1Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the first signal2Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the second signal1U2And the effective value of the voltage difference between the first signal and the second signal is represented.
The effective voltage value of the first path of signal, the effective voltage value of the second path of signal and the effective voltage difference value can be measured by a universal meter, a universal meter can be directly applied to a low-voltage system (such as a 0.4KV system) for measurement, and secondary sides of a voltage transformer and a current transformer can be measured for a medium-high voltage system.
Through the preferred mode in this embodiment, the influence of noise interference on the measurement result is reduced, the influence of the difference of the amplitudes of the two paths of signals on the measurement result is eliminated, the influence of the intermediate signal processing loop on the measurement result is also eliminated, the measurement simplicity and convenience are improved, and meanwhile, the cost required by measurement is also reduced.
In this embodiment, a phase difference determining apparatus is further provided, and the apparatus is used to implement the foregoing embodiments and preferred embodiments, which have already been described and are not described again. As used below, the term "unit" or "module" may implement a combination of software and/or hardware of predetermined functions. Although the means described in the embodiments below are preferably implemented in software, an implementation in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware is also possible and contemplated. Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a preferred structure of the phase difference determination apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, including: an acquisition unit 502 and a determination unit 504, the configuration of which will be described below.
An obtaining unit 502, configured to obtain a voltage effective value of a first path of signal, a voltage effective value of a second path of signal, and an effective value of a voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal;
a determining unit 504, coupled to the obtaining unit 502, configured to determine a phase difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal according to a relationship between the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal, and the effective value of the voltage difference.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the determining unit 504 includes: a determining module 5042 for calculating said phase difference by cosine theorem. Preferably, the determining module 5042 may include: a calculating module for calculating the phase difference by the following formula:wherein,represents said phase difference, U1Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the first path signal2Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the second path signal1U2And the voltage difference between the first signal and the second signal is represented.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the obtaining unit 502 includes: the measuring module 5022 is configured to measure the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal, and the voltage difference effective value between the first path of signal and the second path of signal by using a multimeter. Preferably, the measuring module 5022 is further configured to obtain, by measuring with the multimeter, a voltage effective value of the first path of signal, a voltage effective value of the second path of signal, and an effective value of a voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal on the secondary side of the voltage transformer and/or the current transformer when the voltage of the system to be measured is higher than the predetermined threshold.
In the above preferred embodiment, a simple method for measuring a sine voltage phase difference of an electric power system based on the cosine theorem is provided, in this scheme, a multimeter is used to measure effective voltage values of two signals of the electric power system and effective voltage difference values between the two signals respectively, and the phase difference between the two signals can be obtained by calculation using the three values. By the method, reading by an oscilloscope method is not needed, errors caused by reading of human eyes can be eliminated, and meanwhile, a zero-crossing hysteresis comparator is not needed, so that the error influence of factors such as noise interference and amplitude on the measurement result is greatly reduced, an integrating circuit, a counting circuit, a voltage reduction isolation circuit, a zero-crossing comparator and the like are not needed, the influence of an intermediate processing loop on the measurement result is eliminated, discrete Fourier transform is not needed, and the influence of non-whole period sampling and frequency spectrum leakage on the measurement result is avoided.
In another embodiment, a software is provided, which is used to execute the technical solutions described in the above embodiments and preferred embodiments.
In another embodiment, a storage medium is provided, in which the software is stored, and the storage medium includes but is not limited to: optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, erasable memory, etc.
From the above description, it can be seen that the present invention achieves the following technical effects: the phase difference can be determined by the measured voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the measured voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the measured voltage effective value of the voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal, so that the technical problems that the implementation of a phase difference measuring method in the related technology is complex and the error is large are solved, and the technical effects of reducing complexity and reducing measuring errors are achieved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the modules or steps of the present invention described above may be implemented by a general purpose computing device, they may be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices, and alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by a computing device, such that they may be stored in a storage device and executed by a computing device, and in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different than that described herein, or they may be separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple ones of them may be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of determining a phase difference, comprising:
acquiring a voltage effective value of a first path of signal, a voltage effective value of a second path of signal and an effective value of a voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal;
and determining the phase difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal according to the relation among the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the effective value of the voltage difference.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the phase difference from the relationship comprises:
the phase difference is calculated by the cosine theorem.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the phase difference is calculated by the formula:
wherein,represents said phase difference, U1Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the first path signal2Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the second path signal1U2And the voltage difference between the first signal and the second signal is represented.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the effective voltage value of the first signal, the effective voltage value of the second signal, and the effective voltage difference between the first signal and the second signal comprises:
and measuring the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the voltage difference effective value between the first path of signal and the second path of signal by using a multimeter.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein measuring the effective voltage value of the first signal, the effective voltage value of the second signal, and the effective voltage difference between the first signal and the second signal by a multimeter comprises:
and under the condition that the voltage of the system to be measured is higher than a preset threshold value, measuring the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the voltage difference effective value between the first path of signal and the second path of signal on the secondary side of a voltage transformer and/or a current transformer through the multimeter.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method of determining phase difference is applied to the determination of power system voltage phase difference.
7. A phase difference determining apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises an acquisition unit, a processing unit and a processing unit, wherein the acquisition unit is used for acquiring a voltage effective value of a first path of signal, a voltage effective value of a second path of signal and an effective value of a voltage difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal;
and the determining unit is used for determining the phase difference between the first path of signal and the second path of signal according to the relation among the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the effective value of the voltage difference.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the determining unit comprises: and the determining module is used for calculating the phase difference through a cosine theorem.
9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the determining module comprises: a calculating module for calculating the phase difference by the following formula:
wherein,represents said phase difference, U1Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the first path signal2Representing the effective value of the voltage, U, of the second path signal1U2And the voltage difference between the first signal and the second signal is represented.
10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the obtaining unit comprises: and the measuring module is used for measuring the voltage effective value of the first path of signal, the voltage effective value of the second path of signal and the voltage difference effective value between the first path of signal and the second path of signal through a universal meter.
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| CN108490236A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-04 | 许继集团有限公司 | A kind of calculation method and device of AC single phase voltage magnitude |
| CN112394225A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-02-23 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Phase angle detection device and method |
| CN115270893A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-11-01 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计与测试技术研究所 | High-precision Coriolis flowmeter digital signal processing method |
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