CN104080820B - 水蒸气阻隔树脂、水蒸气阻隔涂布剂、水蒸气阻隔膜及水蒸气阻隔层叠体 - Google Patents
水蒸气阻隔树脂、水蒸气阻隔涂布剂、水蒸气阻隔膜及水蒸气阻隔层叠体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供展现更高的水蒸气阻隔性的水蒸气阻隔树脂、水蒸气阻隔涂布剂、水蒸气阻隔膜及水蒸气阻隔层叠体。本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂是,使共聚物(C)的羧酸基及/或酸酐基,与有机金属络合物(D)进行反应所形成,且在共聚物(C)之间具有金属交联,所述共聚物(C)是不饱和烃单体(A)与不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)进行聚合而成。本发明的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂含有本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂与溶剂(E)。本发明的水蒸气阻隔膜是含有本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂的膜。水蒸气阻隔层叠体是通过将本发明的水蒸气阻隔膜层叠于基材膜的至少一面上而形成的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水蒸气阻隔树脂、以及使用其的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂、水蒸气阻隔膜和水蒸气阻隔层叠体。
背景技术
过去,为了得到对水蒸气等气体的阻隔性,一般使用金属箔作为气体阻隔层。
近年来,在基材薄膜上具有蒸镀层的气体阻隔膜备受瞩目,所述蒸镀层是用蒸镀法形成氧化硅或氧化铝等无机氧化物而得到。基材膜例如可使用透光性及刚性优良的双轴拉伸聚酯膜。
在上述气体阻隔膜中,蒸镀层在使用时会有不耐摩擦等的倾向。因此,在发展至各种用途的情况中,当层叠、印刷或填充内容物等时,会因摩擦或拉伸而在蒸镀层产生微小的裂纹,而使气体阻隔性降低。
而在专利文献1~4中公开了,为了保护蒸镀层而在蒸镀层上层叠涂布层的技术。
专利文献1中公开了一种气体阻隔膜(参见权利要求1),其是在基材膜的表面所形成的金属或金属氧化物的薄膜上,层叠聚乙烯醇类树脂层而成。
专利文献2中公开了一种气体阻隔膜(参见权利要求1),其是在基材膜上以由无机化合物构成的蒸镀层作为第一层、以将涂布剂加以涂覆并加热干燥而成的气体阻隔膜作为第二层进行层叠而成的气体阻隔膜,所述涂布剂含有水溶性高分子,以及醇盐、醇盐的水解物或氯化锡。
专利文献3中公开了一种气体阻隔用涂布组合物(参见权利要求1),其以特定的有机硅烷、与含特定的硅烷基的氟类聚合物为主成分。
专利文献3中还公开了一种气体阻隔膜(参见权利要求11),其在基材膜上,将金属及/或无机化合物的蒸镀层、与由上述涂布组合物所形成的涂膜进行层叠而成。
专利文献4中公开了一种气体阻隔涂布组合物(参见权利要求1),其包含聚乙烯醇类树脂与特定的金属醇化物类。
专利文献4中还公开了一种气体阻隔膜(参见权利要求10),其是在基材膜上层叠由上述气体阻隔涂布组合物所形成的涂膜而成。
另外,在专利文献5中公开了一种气体阻隔膜的制造方法(参见权利要求15),其具有:(1)形成以聚(甲基)丙烯酸与多元醇类聚合物为主要构成成分的组合物的膜状物的工序、(2)对该膜状物进行热处理的工序、及(3)把经过热处理的膜状物在含金属的介质中进行浸渍处理的工序。
专利文献6中公开了一种气体阻隔膜(参见权利要求1),其是由含改性乙烯醇类聚合物的、不饱和羧酸化合物多价金属盐的聚合物所构成。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开平6-316025号公报
专利文献2:日本专利第2790054号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2000-63752号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2002-173631号公报
专利文献5:日本特开平10-237180号公报
专利文献6:日本特开2007-092052号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
然而,记载于专利文献1~4的含醇盐等的涂布膜的韧性差,根据使用状况,会有薄膜破裂等现象而让气体阻隔膜的气体阻隔性降低的问题。此外,记载于专利文献1~6的、使用水溶性聚合物或高极性聚合物(多元醇类聚合物或丙烯酸树脂等)的气体阻隔膜,因聚合物具有亲水性,从而无法展现高的水蒸气阻隔性。
本发明的目的在于,提供能形成具有更高的水蒸气阻隔性的水蒸气阻隔膜的水蒸气阻隔树脂、以及使用了该水蒸气阻隔树脂的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂、水蒸气阻隔膜和水蒸气阻隔层叠体。
解决问题的方法
本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂是,使共聚物(C)的羧酸基及/或酸酐基,与有机金属络合物(D)进行反应所形成,且共聚物(C)之间具有金属交联,所述共聚物(C)是不饱和烃单体(A)与不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)进行聚合而成。
在共聚物(C)中,相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数的平均值优选为11~80。
而共聚物(C)的酸价优选为5~470mgKOH/g。
本发明的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂含有上述的本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂与溶剂(E)。
本发明的水蒸气阻隔膜是含有上述的本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂的膜。
本发明的水蒸气阻隔层叠体,是使上述的本发明的水蒸气阻隔膜层叠在基材膜的至少一面上而成的。
发明效果
根据本发明,能提供可形成具有更高的水蒸气阻隔性的水蒸气阻隔膜的水蒸气阻隔树脂,以及使用其的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂、水蒸气阻隔膜及水蒸气阻隔层叠体。
具体实施方式
水蒸气阻隔树脂
本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂,使共聚物(C)的羧酸基及/或酸酐基,与有机金属络合物(D)进行反应所形成,且共聚物(C)之间具有金属交联,所述共聚物(C)是不饱和烃单体(A)与不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)进行聚合而成的。
不饱和烃单体(A)
本发明中的不饱和烃单体(A)是具有一个以上碳-碳双键的不饱和烃。不饱和烃单体(A)没有特别限定,可举出:碳数2~100的α‐烯烃、β-烯烃、环状烯烃、二烯及三烯等。它们可单独使用,也可使用两种以上。上述之中,特别优选碳数11~80的α-烯烃,原因在于其在水蒸气阻隔性、涂膜性及保存稳定性的方面能得到良好的物性。
不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)
作为本发明中的不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)可举出:
丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、油酸、亚麻油酸、次亚麻油酸、花生油酸、二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、及反丁烯二酸等不饱和一元羧酸;
马来酸、及伊康酸等不饱和二羧酸;
马来酸酐、甲基马来酸酐、2,3-二甲基马来酸酐、3,4,5,6-四氢酞酐、双环[2.2.2]辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四羧酸二酐、双环[2.2.2]辛-5-烯-2,3-二羧酸酐、cis-4-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸酐、及5-降莰烯-2,3-二羧酸酐等不饱和二羧酸酐等。
它们可单独使用,也可使用两种以上。
上述之中,不饱和二羧酸酐因在溶剂的溶解性方面能得到良好的结果而优选,特别优选马来酸酐。
共聚物(C)
本发明中的共聚物(C)是至少使上述不饱和烃单体(A)与上述不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)聚合而成的共聚物。在聚合时,作为聚合成分也可添加上述成分(A)、(B)以外的单体。
如果共聚物(C)的酸价过小,则会有在与有机金属络合物(D)反应时无法充分形成金属交联,所得到的水蒸气阻隔树脂的水蒸气阻隔性降低的问题。
如果共聚物(C)的酸价过大,则会有通过与有机金属络合物(D)反应所得到的水蒸气阻隔树脂的交联密度变高,随时间变化的稳定性差而发生凝胶化,溶剂溶解性变差的问题。
共聚物(C)的酸价优选为5~470mgKOH/g,更优选为90~350mgKOH/g,进一步优选为100~250mgKOH/g。
本说明书中的“酸价”是指根据JISK0070的电位滴定法,将所测定的酸价(mgKOH/g)换算为固含量的值。
共聚物(C)的聚合法没有特别限制,优选溶液聚合法或块状聚合法。
优选使包含不饱和烃单体(A)与不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)的、多种单体成分,在聚合引发剂的存在下,于惰性气体气流中进行反应。
聚合反应可在溶剂存在下进行。
聚合温度、聚合时间及聚合浓度根据使用的单体成分的种类及比率、目标产物的聚合物分子量等而不同。优选聚合温度50~250℃,聚合时间2~10小时,聚合浓度30%以上。
此处,“聚合浓度”用下式定义如下。
聚合浓度(%)=[单体成分的总质量/(单体成分的总质量+溶剂质量)]×100
作为用于共聚物(C)合成的聚合引发剂可举出有机过氧化物及偶氮化合物等。
作为有机过氧化物可举出:过氧化苯甲酰、氢过氧化异丙苯、氢过氧化三级丁基、过氧化二碳酸二异丙酯、二叔丁基过氧化物、及过氧化苯甲酸三级丁酯等。另外,偶氮化合物可举出:2,2'-偶氮双异丁腈等的偶氮化合物等。
相对于100质量份的不饱和烃单体(A),优选以0.5~20质量份的范围来使用聚合引发剂。
作为用于共聚物(C)合成的溶剂可举出:水、水混和性有机溶剂、乙酸酯、酮类、甲苯、二甲苯及乙苯等。
作为水混和性有机溶剂可举出:
乙醇、异丙醇及正丙醇等醇溶剂;
及
乙二醇及二乙二醇等的单或二烷基醚等。
作为乙酸酯可举出:乙酸2-乙氧基乙酯及丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯等。
作为酮类可举出:环己酮及甲基异丁基酮等。
在共聚物(C)中,相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数的平均值,是表示疏水性程度的指标。
如果该平均值过小,则会有水蒸气阻隔树脂的疏水性变得不充分,水蒸气阻隔性降低的问题。
如果该平均值过大,则会有水蒸气阻隔树脂的疏水性变得过高,溶剂溶解性降低,涂膜性及保存稳定性降低的问题。
在共聚物(C)中,相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数的平均值优选为11~80,更优选为28~80。
当共聚物(C)仅为不饱和烃单体(A)与不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)的共聚物时,“相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数的平均值”相当于由不饱和烃单体(A)得到的部位的碳数,所述不饱和烃单体(A)位于相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间。
例如在以1:1的摩尔比来聚合马来酸酐与α-己烯(碳数6)的情况下,在共聚物(C)中,“相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数”为由α-己烯得到的部位的碳数,即为6。
由共聚物(C)的酸价求出共聚物(C)的单元分子量(X),并可由此算出“相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数”的平均值。
单元分子量(X)为重复单元的分子量,按照下式进行计算。
单元分子量(X)=1000×(KOH的分子量)×(每1单元的酸价当量数)/(酸价KOHmg/g)
从用该式计算出的单元分子量(X)中减去1单元中的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的部位的分子量,再除以亚甲基键的分子量(CH2:14.03),从而计算出“相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数”的平均值。
共聚物(C)可单独使用,也可使用两种以上。
就水蒸气阻隔性、涂膜性及保存稳定性的面来说,优选对相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数为11~27的共聚物,与该碳数为28~80的共聚物进行并用。
有机金属络合物(D)
作为金属交联法,一般已知的是使用了金属碳酸盐及氢氧化物等无机化合物的中和法。然而,这些无机化合物对疏水性强的树脂的相溶性差,而无法得到充分的金属交联,造成水蒸气阻隔性降低。因此,本发明中,使用与共聚物(C)及溶剂的相溶性好的有机金属络合物(D),来进行金属交联。
有机金属络合物(D)由属于1族~13族的金属元素与任意配体所构成。
为了得到充分的金属交联,作为有机金属络合物(D)中的金属元素,优选为属于1族~13族的2价以上的金属元素,具体而言优选为镁、钙、铜、锌、铝及钛等。
作为配体可举出:乙酰丙酮螯合物、六氟乙酰丙酮螯合物、三氟乙酰丙酮螯合物、乙酰乙酸乙酯螯合物、辛二醇螯合物、三乙醇胺螯合物、乳酸螯合物、乳酸铵螯合物、二烷基胺基甲酸螯合物及乙二胺等。从取得的容易性等观点来看,优选乙酰丙酮螯合物等。
本说明书中“金属交联”指的是,共聚物(C)中的由不饱和羧酸得到的羧基,或由不饱和二羧酸酐得到的酸酐基水解所生成的羧基,与从有机金属络合物(D)游离出来的金属,通过离子键、配价键或共价键所形成的交联。
金属交联可在一个共聚物(C)分子内形成,也可在两个以上共聚物(C)分子间形成。
作为形成金属交联的方法,可举出混合一种以上共聚物(C)、一种以上有机金属络合物(D),再根据需要混合一种以上溶剂(E),加热搅拌,进行分散处理或熟化处理的方法。
关于溶剂(E)的详细情况容后详述。
例如,优选以下方法。
配制含有共聚物(C)、有机金属络合物(D)与溶剂(E)的反应液。此时,反应液中的共聚物(C)与有机金属络合物(D)的总浓度优选为5~50质量%。
在上述反应液中添加直径1mm的玻璃珠等,使用油漆搅拌器等,实施2~20小时左右的分散处理。玻璃珠的添加量,相对于上述反应液与玻璃珠的总量的100质量%,优选为10~50质量%。
上述分散处理后,以80℃左右的烘箱进行1~5小时左右的熟化处理。
在上述方法中,共聚物(C)与有机金属络合物(D)的比例虽然可以为任意比例,但如果有机金属络合物(D)过少,则会有金属交联无法充分进行的问题,而如果过多则未反应的有机金属络合物(D)会残留在系统中,会导致成为水蒸气阻隔性降低的原因。因此,为提高水蒸气阻隔性,优选添加与共聚物(C)的酸价同等的量的有机金属络合物(D)。
当共聚物(C)中的交联部位为二羧酸酐时,用水让酸酐环开环生成羧基后,进行与金属的交联。此时,虽然酸酐也已在系统中的水中充分开环,但为了更有效率,优选使用包含少量水的、或包含如醇类这样的极性溶媒的溶剂(E)。
根据本发明,可提供能形成具有更高的水蒸气阻隔性的水蒸气阻隔膜的水蒸气阻隔树脂。
在本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂中,通过使用不饱和烃单体(A)作为共聚物(C)的单体成分,从而能提高树脂的疏水性,并能提高对微小裂缝的抑制等的涂膜物性,能展现优良的水蒸气阻隔性。
在本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂中,还通过有效地使共聚物中的不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)进行反应,从而使共聚物(C)间通过金属交联形成牢固的键合,而可形成紧密的状态,能展现优良的水蒸气阻隔性。
水蒸气阻隔涂布剂
本发明的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂含有上述水蒸气阻隔树脂与溶剂(E)。
溶剂(E)
在上述的本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂中,可通过加入能使该材料分散或溶解的溶剂(E)而成为水蒸气阻隔涂布剂。
作为溶剂(E)可使用:水、水混和性有机溶剂、乙酸酯、酮类、己烷、庚烷、辛烷、壬烷、癸烷、环己烷、甲基环己烷、甲苯、二甲苯及乙苯等。
作为水混和性有机溶剂可举出:
甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇及正丙醇等醇溶剂;
乙二醇及二乙二醇等的单烷基醚、或二烷基醚等。
作为乙酸酯可举出:乙酸乙酯、乙酸2-乙氧基乙酯、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯及1,4-二恶烷等。
作为酮类可举出:丙酮、甲乙酮、环己酮及甲基异丁基酮等。
添加溶剂(E)的时机可以是,合成共聚物(C)时、金属交联时(共聚物(C)与有机金属络合物(D)反应时)、及金属交联后(共聚物(C)与有机金属络合物(D)反应后)中的任何时候。
上述的本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂与溶剂(E)能以任意比例混合。
本发明的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂可包含上述以外的任意成分。
本发明的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂的涂膜性及保存稳定性良好。
水蒸气阻隔膜、水蒸气阻隔层叠体
本发明的水蒸气阻隔膜为含有上述的本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂的膜。
本发明的水蒸气阻隔层叠体是通过将上述的本发明的水蒸气阻隔膜层叠在基材膜的至少一面上所形成。
本发明中的基材膜优选为热塑性树脂膜。基材膜优选为双轴拉伸膜。
作为基材膜的热塑性树脂例如可举出:
聚烯烃(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚4-甲基-1-戊烯及聚丁烯等);
环状烯烃聚合物;
聚酯(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯及聚萘二甲酸乙二酯等);
聚酰胺(耐纶-6、耐纶-66及聚芳酰胺等);
聚苯硫、
及它们的组合等。
它们之中,聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯及聚酰胺等由于能得到延伸性、透光性及刚性良好的薄膜,而优选。
作为基材膜具体而言可举出:双轴拉伸聚酯膜、双轴拉伸聚丙烯膜及双轴拉伸聚酰胺膜等。其中,双轴拉伸聚酯膜及双轴拉伸聚丙烯膜由于具有非常好的耐酸性、刚性及透光性,而优选。
在不损及本发明的效果的范围内,基材膜可含有一种或两种以上的任意成分。
基材膜可含有紫外线吸收剂、抗氧化剂、抗静电剂、表面活性剂、颜料及荧光增白剂。基材膜可含有:含二氧化硅、碳酸钙或二氧化钛等的无机粒子,或含丙烯酸树脂或苯乙烯树脂等的有机粒子。
作为对基材膜层叠水蒸气阻隔膜的方法,可举出:
通过对在基材膜上所使用的树脂、与水蒸气阻隔膜上所使用的水蒸气阻隔树脂实施共挤压而进行的层叠方法(P1);
使用热压机等,将膜化的水蒸气阻隔树脂层叠在基材膜上的方法(P2);
及
将水蒸气阻隔涂布剂涂覆在基材膜上后,除去溶剂(E)的方法(P3)等。
从工序的简化、及制作均匀的层叠体的观点来看,优选方法(P3)。
作为水蒸气阻隔涂布剂的涂布方法,例如可采用以下方法:
使用棒或线锭等涂布用部件的方法;
微凹版涂布法、凹版涂布法、模具式涂布法、淋幕式涂布法、狭缝涂布法、流延涂布法、浸沾式涂布法或旋涂法等各种涂布方法。
水蒸气阻隔膜的膜厚无特别限制,但从提高可挠性的观点来看,优选薄的膜厚。
水蒸气阻隔膜的膜厚可通过改变水蒸气阻隔涂布剂的固含量、或棒式涂布机等涂布用部件的种类来调节。
可对基材膜的一个面层叠一层或多层的水蒸气阻隔膜。
除了水蒸气阻隔膜以外,水蒸气阻隔层叠体可包含任意的有机层或无机层。这些层可包含一层或多层。
作为有机层或无机层的成膜方法可举出蒸镀法或涂布法。
作为有机层的材料可举出:聚乙烯醇、聚烯烃(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚4-甲基-1-戊烯、及聚丁烯等)、环状烯烃聚合物、聚酯(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、及聚萘二甲酸乙二酯等)、聚酰胺(耐纶-6、耐纶-66、及聚芳酰胺等)、聚苯硫及聚亚酰胺等。它们可单独使用,也可使用两种以上。
作为无机层的材料可举出:铬、锌、钴、铝、锡及硅等金属、或这些金属的氧化物、氮化物、氮氧化物、硫化物及磷化物等。它们可单独使用,也可使用两种以上。这些之中,优选氧化铝及二氧化硅(氧化硅)等的氧化物、及硅氮氧化物。
当在基材膜的一个面层叠一层或多层的水蒸气阻隔膜与一层或多层的有机层或无机层时,它们的层叠顺序是任意的。
根据本发明,可提供具有更高的水蒸气阻隔性的水蒸气阻隔膜及水蒸气阻隔层叠体。本发明的水蒸气阻隔膜及水蒸气阻隔层叠体的可挠性也良好。
实施例
下面,用实施例对本发明作更具体的说明,但本发明不受这些实施例的任何限定。
首先,对共聚物(C)及比较用的共聚物(G)的制造例进行说明。
表1及表2中记载了:制造例1~6中所制造的共聚物(C)、(G)的单体成分,酸价,相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数(表中简称为“之间的碳数”。)的平均值,及质均分子量(Mw)。
用前述方法计算共聚物(C)、(G)中的“酸价”,及“相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数的平均值”。
质均分子量(Mw)是用ShodexGPC-101(昭和电工公司制)测定所得的值。
制造例1
在装备了机械搅拌机及氮气导入管的300ml烧瓶中放入70.56g的LINEALENE10(出光公司制)、63.74g的马来酸酐(东京化成公司制),在氮气下,以150℃使其成为溶液状态。然后,逐量添加0.69g的二叔丁基过氧化物,于160℃使其反应5小时。冷却后,使所得到的反应产物溶解于200g的甲乙酮(MEK)中,用蒸发器除去溶剂。把所得到的固体在80℃的真空干燥机中干燥一夜,得到共聚物(C1)。
制造例2
在装备了机械搅拌机及氮气导入管的300ml烧瓶中放入78.55g的LINEALENE14(出光公司制)、50.99g的马来酸酐(东京化成公司制),在氮气下,以150℃使其成为溶液状态。然后,逐量添加0.49g的二叔丁基过氧化物,于200℃使其反应5小时。冷却后,使所得到的反应产物溶解于200g的MEK中,用蒸发器除去溶剂。把所得到的固体在80℃的真空干燥机中干燥一夜,得到共聚物(C2)。
制造例3
在装备了机械搅拌机及氮气导入管的300ml烧瓶中放入88.37g的LINEALENE18(出光公司制)、44.62g的马来酸酐(东京化成公司制),在氮气下,以150℃使其成为溶液状态。然后,逐量添加0.42g的二叔丁基过氧化物,于200℃使其反应5小时。冷却后,使所得到的反应产物溶解于200g的MEK中,用蒸发器除去溶剂。把所得到的固体在80℃的真空干燥机中干燥一夜,得到共聚物(C3)。
制造例4
在装备了机械搅拌机及氮气导入管的300ml烧瓶中放入49.99g的1-Docosene(东京化成公司制)、20.65g的马来酸酐(东京化成公司制),在氮气下,以150℃使其成为溶液状态。然后,逐量添加0.20g的二叔丁基过氧化物,于200℃使其反应5小时。冷却后,使所得到的反应产物溶解于200g的MEK中,用蒸发器除去溶剂。把所得到的固体在80℃的真空干燥机中干燥一夜,得到共聚物(C4)。
制造例5
在装备了机械搅拌机及氮气导入管的300ml烧瓶中放入59.08g的1-二十六烯、20.65g的马来酸酐(东京化成公司制),在氮气下,以150℃使其成为溶液状态。然后,逐量添加0.20g的二叔丁基过氧化物,于200℃使其反应5小时。冷却后,让所得到的反应产物溶解于200g的MEK中,用蒸发器除去溶剂。把所得到的固体在80℃的真空干燥机中干燥一夜,得到共聚物(C5)。
制造例6
在装备了机械搅拌机及氮气导入管的300ml烧瓶中放入11.44g的马来酸酐(东京化成公司制)与35g的环己酮,在氮气下,以80℃使其成为溶液状态。然后,用30分钟将放入了25.00g的甲基丙烯酸甲酯(东京化成公司制)、0.19g的AIBN(东京化成公司制)及30g的环己酮而成的溶液滴入,于80℃使其反应5小时。冷却后,使所得到的反应产物溶解于200g的MEK中,用蒸发器除去溶剂。把所得到的固体于80℃的真空干燥机中干燥一夜,得到共聚物(G1)。
市售的共聚物
另外,准备下面的市售品来作为共聚物(C)。
共聚物(C6):三菱树脂公司制的“DIACARNA30”,
共聚物(C7):东洋油墨制造公司制“LIOFLEX4188H-C”,
共聚物(C8):KURARAY公司制“ISOBAM600”。
对它们的单体成分,酸价,相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数的平均值,及质均分子量(Mw)也进行记录。
准备以下的物质来作为有机金属络合物(D)。
(D1):乙酰丙酮锌(II)。
(D2):乙酰丙酮钙(II)
(D3):乙酰丙酮铝(III)。
(D4):乙酰丙酮钛(IV)。
(D5):乙酰丙酮镁(II)。
(D6):乙酰丙酮铜(II)。
(D7):乙酰丙酮钴(II)。
(D8):EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)的锌盐(NagaseChemteX公司制,ClewatZn)。
(D9):三(三氟-2,4-戊二酮)铝(III)、
(D10):双(六氟乙酰丙酮)合钴(II)。
水蒸气阻隔树脂及水蒸气阻隔涂布剂的制造
实施例1
在70ml蛋黄酱瓶(M-70)中放入6g的共聚物(C6)、1.47g(共聚物的酸价1当量)的有机金属络合物(D1)、21.5g的混合溶剂(甲苯/乙醇/水=16.8/4.2/0.5(质量比))及20g的直径1mm的玻璃珠,用油漆搅拌器(Skandex公司制SO400)分散搅拌12小时。然后,用80℃的烘箱进行3小时熟化处理,用200网目的尼龙网除去杂质,得到含水蒸气阻隔树脂与溶剂的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂X1。
在表3中示出调配组成。
实施例2~24
除了用示于表3的调配组成以外,以与实施例1相同的方法,制出含水蒸气阻隔树脂与溶剂的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂X2~X24。
此外,用于分散处理的、直径1mm的玻璃珠量如下。
玻璃珠量
实施例2-20:20g,
实施例21:25g,
实施例22-24:15g。
涂布剂的制造
比较例1
在6g的共聚物(C6)中添加20g的甲苯,混合溶解而得到涂布剂Y1。
比较例2
在70ml蛋黄酱瓶(M-70)中放入6g的共聚物(C6)、0.70g(共聚物的酸价1当量)的碳酸锌(II)、19g的混合溶剂(甲苯/乙醇/水=16.8/4.2/0.5)及20g的直径1mm的玻璃珠,以Skandex混合器分散搅拌12小时。之后,用80℃的烘箱进行3小时熟化处理,以200网目的尼龙网除去杂质,得到涂布剂Y2。
比较例3
在70ml蛋黄酱瓶(M-70)中放入6g的共聚物(C8)、0.99g的氢氧化锌(II)、26g的25%氨水水溶液及20g的直径1mm的玻璃珠,以Skandex混合器分散搅拌12小时,以200网目的尼龙网除去杂质,得到涂布剂Y3。
比较例4
在70ml蛋黄酱瓶(M-70)中放入6g的共聚物(G1)、5.22g(共聚物的酸价1当量)的乙酰丙酮锌(II)、31g的混合溶剂(甲苯/乙醇/水=16.8/4.2/0.5)及20g的直径1mm的玻璃珠,以Skandex混合器分散搅拌12小时。之后,用80℃的烘箱进行3小时熟化处理,以200网目的尼龙网除去杂质,得到涂布剂Y4。
比较例5、6
除了换掉共聚物(C)以外,以与比较例1相同的方法制出涂布剂Y5、Y6。
在表4中示出比较例1~6的调配组成。
水蒸气阻隔层叠体的制造
实施例25
使用棒式涂布机(No.30)将水蒸气阻隔涂布剂X1涂覆在100μm厚的PET膜(东洋纺公司制A4100)上,用140℃的烘箱干燥2分钟,得到水蒸气阻隔层叠体L1。
在表5中示出主要制造条件。
实施例26~51
除了使用表5所示的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂、基材及棒式涂布机以外,以与实施例25相同的方法制出水蒸气阻隔层叠体L2~L27。
层叠体的制造
比较例7~12
使用涂布剂Y1~Y6中的任一者来取代水蒸气阻隔涂布剂X1,除了使用表6所示的基材及棒式涂布机以外,以与实施例25相同的方法制出层叠体M1~M6。
表5、表6中,基材的简称如下。
PET:100μm厚的PET薄膜,
SiO2/PET:在100μm厚的PET薄膜上蒸镀12μm厚的SiO2膜而成的膜(三菱树脂公司制TECHBARRIERLX)。
评估
对于在实施例及比较例中制出的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂或涂布剂,以及水蒸气阻隔层叠体或层叠体,实施以下评估。
保存稳定性
将在实施例1~24及比较例1~6中制出的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂X1~X24及涂布剂Y1~Y6静置1天,观察保存稳定性(有无凝胶化)。根据以下记载的基准来判定保存稳定性。将评估结果示于表3、表4。
○(良):保持溶液状态,可涂布,
△(可):虽然凝胶化,但通过50℃熟化即变成溶液状态,可涂布,
×(不可):已凝胶化,即便通过50℃熟化也仍是固体状态。
水蒸气阻隔性
使用水蒸气透过率测定装置(MOCON公司制PERMATRAN),在40℃、100%RH的条件下,对在实施例25~51及比较例7~12中制出的水蒸气阻隔层叠体L1~L27及层叠体M1~M6,测定水蒸气透过率。由所得到的实测值计算出厚度为100μm时的换算值。根据以下记载的基准来判定水蒸气阻隔性。将评估结果示于表5、表6。
◎(优):水蒸气透过率小于1g/(m2·day),
○(良):水蒸气透过率为1g/(m2·day)以上、小于10g/(m2·day),
△(可):水蒸气透过率为10g/(m2·day)以上、小于100g/(m2·day),
×(不可):无阻隔性(与基材的水蒸气阻隔性一样,没有变化)。
涂膜性
观察在实施例25~51及比较例7~12中制出的水蒸气阻隔层叠体L1~L27及层叠体M1~M6的外观,根据以下记载的基准来判定涂膜性。将评估结果示于表5、表6。
○(良):良好,
△(可):有不均或颗粒,
×(不可):有裂纹或剥落。
可挠性
把在实施例25~51及比较例7~12中制出的水蒸气阻隔层叠体L1~L27及层叠体M1~M6缠绕在直径不同的棒上后,对膜的状态进行观察。根据以下记载的基准来判定可挠性。将评估结果示于表5、表6。
○(良):直径小于10mm,且没有裂纹、裂缝及剥落产生,
△(可):直径10mm以上、小于20mm,且没有裂纹、裂缝及剥落产生。
×(不可):直径20mm,且有裂纹、裂缝或剥落产生。
结果
在实施例1~24制出的水蒸气阻隔涂布剂X1~X24中,任一者均显示出了良好的保存稳定性。在实施例25~51制作的水蒸气阻隔层叠体L1~L27中,任一者均显示了良好的水蒸气阻隔性、涂膜性及可挠性。
在实施例25~27及比较例7的比较中,发现与没有金属交联的层叠体M1相比,有金属交联的水蒸气阻隔层叠体L1~L3的水蒸气阻隔性有所提高。金属络合物添加量与共聚物的酸价为相同当量的水蒸气阻隔层叠体L1,相较于水蒸气阻隔层叠体L2及水蒸气阻隔层叠体L3,水蒸气阻隔性有所提高。
在实施例28及比较例11的比较中,发现有金属交联的水蒸气阻隔层叠体L4,比起没有金属交联的层叠体M5,水蒸气阻隔性有所提高。
在实施例40及比较例12的比较中,发现有金属交联的水蒸气阻隔层叠体L16,比起没有金属交联的层叠体M6,水蒸气阻隔性有所提高。
在实施例25~42及比较例8、9的比较中,发现用有机金属络合物(D)交联而成的水蒸气阻隔层叠体L1~L18,比起用无机金属化合物交联而成的层叠体M2、M3,水蒸气阻隔性有所提高。
在实施例25~44及比较例10的比较中,发现比起未使用不饱和烃单体(A)的层叠体M4,使用不饱和烃单体(A)的水蒸气阻隔层叠体L1~L20在水蒸气阻隔性及涂膜性的方面有所提高。
在水蒸气阻隔膜/无机膜(二氧化硅膜)/PET膜的三层结构的实施例44中,表现出了不损害涂膜性、高的水蒸气阻隔性。
以上结果显示,本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂、水蒸气阻隔涂布剂、水蒸气阻隔层叠体展现了良好的水蒸气阻隔性。
本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂及水蒸气阻隔涂布剂显示了良好的涂膜性及保存稳定性。
本发明的水蒸气阻隔层叠体显示了良好的可挠性。
本发明主张以2012年1月20日申请的日本申请特愿2012-009922号为基础的优先权,并将其公开内容全部纳入本发明中。
工业实用性
本发明的水蒸气阻隔树脂、水蒸气阻隔涂布剂、水蒸气阻隔膜及水蒸气阻隔层叠体可优选用于太阳电池及有机电致发光(EL)元件等装置中。
Claims (5)
1.一种水蒸气阻隔树脂,其是使共聚物(C)的羧酸基及/或酸酐基,与有机金属络合物(D)进行反应所形成,且在共聚物(C)之间具有金属交联,所述共聚物(C)是不饱和烃单体(A)与不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)进行聚合而成,在共聚物(C)中,相邻的、由不饱和羧酸及/或不饱和二羧酸酐(B)得到的两个部位之间的碳数的平均值为11~80。
2.如权利要求1所述的水蒸气阻隔树脂,其中,共聚物(C)的酸价为5~470mgKOH/g。
3.一种水蒸气阻隔涂布剂,其含有如权利要求1所述的水蒸气阻隔树脂与溶剂(E)。
4.一种水蒸气阻隔膜,其含有如权利要求1所述的水蒸气阻隔树脂。
5.一种水蒸气阻隔层叠体,其是通过将如权利要求4所述的水蒸气阻隔膜层叠在基材膜的至少一面上而形成。
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