CN103986925B - based on the stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation method of luminance compensation - Google Patents
based on the stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation method of luminance compensation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation method based on luminance compensation belongs to stereoscopic video visual comfort assessment technique field, the present invention extracts the foreground area of stereo video frame in conjunction with the gray-scale map of stereo video frame left and right view, synthesis disparity map also extracts horizontal parallax, compute depth parallax; Set up parallax depth-visual comfort model according to subjective evaluation result, then be optimized in conjunction with the evaluation model of brightness to visual comfort, make the scoring of scoring closer to human visual system of model; In conjunction with the result of human subject's evaluation experimental, obtain the coefficient Confirming model of model by reverse substitution method, the final evaluation realized based on the stereoscopic video visual comfort of human visual system's characteristic; The evaluation model of method to visual comfort of the present invention's luminance compensation is optimized, establish the stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation model more meeting human subject's sensing results, model score is marked closer to the subjective experiment of human visual system's characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to stereoscopic video visual comfort assessment technique field, be specifically related to a kind of use luminance compensation method stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation method based on human visual system's characteristic.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of multimedia technology and Internet technology, 3D three-dimensional video-frequency technology is constantly being tending towards ripe, compared with traditional ordinary video, it clearly can reappear the scene information of objective world, the outstanding stereovision of scene and the authenticity of scene, make spectators obtain stronger telepresenc and visual impact, increasing 3D Video Applications is changing our life.In the end of the year 2010, just achieve the relay of 3D signal in the Asian Games of Guangzhou opening, the people watched before making television set are just as having come in-situ match, and experience a kind of interaction of zero distance, this once effectively promotes beyond doubt for 3D Display Technique.
But the imperfection due to three-dimensional video-frequency technology self and the requirement to viewing environment are harsh, it is incompatible with Display Technique to result in 3D stereoscopic video content, people are often occurred when viewing three-dimensional video-frequency symptoms such as vision is uncomfortable.Whether comfortable visual experience and the physiological health being directly connected to viewing person of viewing three-dimensional video-frequency, as one of main restricting factor that stereo product is popularized rapidly, this viewpoint being admitted widely by three-dimensional video-frequency user just gradually.At present, the research of three-dimensional video-frequency comfort level does not also have the industry criterion of specification, and therefore, stereoscopic video visual comfort is carried out research and had great importance.
The research of stereoscopic video visual comfort has had 20 years nearly, domestic and international experts and scholars have carried out a large amount of subjective assessments for stereo-picture, point out that the parallax depth of objects in images is crossed conference and made the comfort level of stereo-picture significantly decline in conjunction with experimental results.Also the various inducements affecting stereo-picture comfort level are explored, systematically have studied the factor that may impact binocular stereo image comfort level by experiment, comprising brightness, colourity, contrast, crosstalk and parallax etc.International Organization for standardization ISO issued IWA3:Imagesafety in 2000, this part of file has clearly been set forth when view texture features difference is excessive about the security related of stereoscopic image/video, vision physiological health can be subject to comparatively serious impact, permanent accumulation will there will be relevant syndrome, this standard also relates to and comprises viewing, content production, the links of the 3D industries such as display device manufacture, in order to realize ensureing that viewing person obtains better visual observation and experiences, should ensure that the links of stereo display technique all completes enforcement based on this standard, this is the basic demand ensureing best viewing effect.
Image quality evaluation in three-dimensional video-frequency system is the basis of all technology relevant to three-dimensional video-frequency system.The understanding of stereoscopic image quality evaluation and go deep into degree, directly has influence on the development speed of three-dimensional video-frequency system.At present, evaluation for stereo image vision comfort level there is no unified criterion, therefore, the influencing factor of research stereoscopic image/video content comfort level will have great importance, and how set up a stereo image quality objective evaluation model meeting human perception result and also seem particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation method based on human visual system's characteristic, on the basis of evaluation method in the past, the result of optimizing evaluation, makes it more relevant to the subjective feeling of human vision.
Based on a stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation method for luminance compensation, comprise the following steps:
1.1 evaluation models setting up depth parallax and stereoscopic video visual comfort relation, specifically comprise the following steps:
1.1.1 to the requirement of observer: binocular naked depending on or wearing spectacles correct defects of vision and reach 1.0; Not to the eye disease that experimental data impacts; Age is the masculinity and femininity in 20--35 year; Be divided into the non-expert having the expert of observation experience and do not observe experience; Wear active shutter glasses to have no adverse reaction;
1.1.2 to the requirement of testing film source and experiment scene: the standard stereo video sequence adopting International video tissue to issue, can make experimental result possess general applicability like this, setting broadcasting is spaced apart 20s; Observed range L in experiment scene between observer and screen is 3 times of screen height H, and two sighting distance s are 65mm;
1.1.3 obtain the experimental result of subjective assessment: by observer according to 5 of stereoscopic video visual comfort grades, international standard stereoscopic video sequence is marked, obtain human subject and evaluate score MOS value;
1.1.4 foreground area and background area is chosen: choose the left and right two width match views of arbitrary frame in the four sections of video sequences carrying out testing, obtain its standard disparity map, combine by soft scissors method and robustness foreground extraction method again, process left and right view respectively, the region meeting human vision Selective attention power mechanism is classified as foreground area, remaining background object is classified as background area;
1.1.5 parallax depth d is calculated: the foreground area obtained step 1.1.4 is split, extracted, according to definition and the third dimension principle of horizontal parallax, horizontal parallax
the parallax depth d obtaining corresponding foreground area is:
Wherein: L, s known quantity set by step 1.1.2, when neglecting vertical parallax, d
sfor the horizontal parallax of consecutive frame two width view.
1.1.6 according to the experimental result of step 1.1.3 subjective assessment and the logical relation of step 1.1.5 parallax depth d, determine that the mathematic(al) representation of stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation model is:
vc＝a
1d
3+a
2d
2+a
3d+a
4；
Wherein: vc is visual comfort score function, a
1, a
2, a
3, a
4for characteristic parameter, d is parallax depth;
1.1.7 the result experimental result of step 1.1.3 subjective assessment and step 1.1.5 being calculated gained parallax depth d inserts that ordinate is mankind's subjective assessment score MOS, abscissa is that solid object is protruded or is recessed in the coordinate system of parallax depth d of screen, mark point is linked to be smooth curve, obtains corresponding function;
1.1.8 according to the mark point function relation in step 1.1.7, calculate the value of characteristic parameter a, obtain corresponding visual comfort score function vc.
1.2 set up the evaluation model carrying out stereoscopic video visual comfort after luminance compensation, specifically comprise the following steps:
1.2.1 respectively monochrome information extraction is carried out to the foreground area of step 1.1.4 gained and background area, obtain foreground area brightness l
1with background area brightness l
2;
1.2.2 the corresponding visual comfort score function vc value calculating gained in step 1.1.8 by substituting into parallax depth d is tried to achieve;
1.2.3 setting up ordinate is the difference that step 1.1.3 human subject evaluates that score MOS value and step 1.2.2 try to achieve visual comfort score function vc value, abscissa is respectively the coordinate system of foreground area brightness and background area brightness, mark point is linked to be smooth curve, obtains corresponding function:
E
1＝b
1l
1 2+b
2l
1+b
3(1)
E
2＝c
1l
2 2+c
2l
2+c
3； (2)
Wherein: E
1for foreground area luminance compensation score, E
2for background area luminance compensation score, l
1for foreground area brightness, l
2for background area brightness, b, c are characteristic parameter;
1.2.4 by the corresponding mark point function relation in step 1.2.3 functional image, characteristic parameter b is calculated, the value of c;
1.2.5 according to the functional relation of space or depth perception d and human visual system's characteristic, with by the relation that luminance compensation affects human subject's visual score, the mathematic(al) representation obtaining stereoscopic video visual comfort scoring is:
S=vc+E=a
1d
3+ a
2d
2+ a
3d+a
4+ σ (b
1l
1 2+ b
2l
1+ b
3)+(1-σ) (c
1l
2 2+ c
2l
2+ c
3) wherein: S is the scoring of comprehensive visual comfort level, and vc is visual comfort scoring, and E is luminance compensation score, and a, b, c, σ are characteristic parameter, and d is parallax depth, l
1for the brightness of foreground area, l
2for the brightness of background area; σ assignment is 0.75.
By a large amount of subjective assessments based on human visual system's characteristic, learn in conjunction with experimental results, parallax depth is the principal element affecting stereoscopic video visual comfort, the parallax depth of objects in images is excessive, the comfort level of stereo-picture can be made significantly to decline, and the main object in image is prospect part, after being combined by soft scissors method and robustness foreground extraction method, based on the attentiveness mechanism of people, the usual color of the foreground area extracted is given prominence to, abundant in content, can the feature of displaying chart picture well, observer's interest can be caused, the region of picture material can be showed, larger amount of information is contained in these regions, the analysis of image and scoring are played an important role.
A large amount of subjective experiment is also explored the various inducements affecting stereo-picture comfort level, comprising brightness, colourity, contrast, crosstalk etc., the present invention is while the impact considering three-dimensional depth stereoscopic video visual comfort, have also contemplated that the impact of brightness factor stereoscopic video visual comfort, be optimized with the evaluation model of method to visual comfort of luminance compensation, establish the stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation model more meeting human subject's sensing results, the scoring of model is marked closer to the subjective experiment of human visual system's characteristic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that right and left eyes image forms " median eye " image after vision system merges
Fig. 2 is horizontal parallax definition and three-dimensional perception schematic diagram (negative parallax)
Fig. 3 is horizontal parallax definition and three-dimensional perception schematic diagram (positive parallax)
Fig. 4 is the design sketch of human visual system's stereoscopic video depth perception
When Fig. 5 is converge like the spokes of a wheel at the hub and focal adjustments is inconsistent, the schematic diagram of parallax in range of fusion
When Fig. 6 is converge like the spokes of a wheel at the hub and focal adjustments is inconsistent, the schematic diagram of parallax not in range of fusion
Fig. 7 is binocular vision zone of comfort schematic diagram
Fig. 8 is comfortable descriptive grade and the standards of grading of recommending Standard-making according to the subjective assessment of ITU quality of TV image
Fig. 9 is the former figure not carrying out foreground area extraction
Figure 10 extracts the foreground area extraction effect figure after the combination of foreground zone domain method by soft scissors method and robustness
Figure 11 is subjective evaluation result and parallax depth relation coordinate diagram
Figure 12 is difference and the foreground area brightness relationship coordinate diagram of subjective assessment score and model score
Figure 13 is difference and the background area brightness relationship coordinate diagram of subjective assessment score and model score
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described, so that those skilled in the art understands the present invention better, requiring particular attention is that, in the following description, when perhaps the detailed description of known function and design can desalinate main contents of the present invention, these are described in and will be left in the basket here.Demarcation, extraction prospect and the stereoscopic video visual comfort such as the equipment from the influencing factor depth parallax of stereoscopic video visual comfort and brightness, subjective experiment are evaluated several part to describe following embodiment in detail by the present invention.
1. three-dimensional imaging principle and influencing factor
Having the disparity map that the left eye of parallax and eye image are called stereo display, is placed at a certain distance by two cameras with identical parameters, the two width images obtained Same Scene shooting.Under certain condition, the acceptable parallax of human eye can only within the specific limits, and namely suitable disparity map could obtain best stereo display effect on three-dimensional display.Image texture close in the view of left and right is got up by fusion in cerebral cortex, forms the part of stable existence in median eye view, as shown in Figure 1.During viewing two-dimensional video, the image of right and left eyes is identical, and binocular image is got up by fusion naturally, and the fusion of binocular to unlike signal is in restriction state; And when watching 3 D video, weakened even masked under the effect that some more weak difference that left and right view picture exists can suppress in binocular fusion and binocular.As shown in Figure 2, when the right pixel r of certain object point is positioned on the right side of left pixel l, this object point has positive parallax, rendering stereoscopic degree of depth d
1be negative, represent that beholder sees that this object point is positioned at display screen rear, as object point Q1; Otherwise as shown in Figure 3, when certain object point right pixel r is positioned on the right side of left pixel l, this object point has negative parallax, rendering stereoscopic degree of depth d
2for just, representing that beholder sees that this object point is positioned at display screen front, as object point Q2, d
s1, d
s2be respectively the horizontal parallax of Corresponding matching in view.Fig. 4 is mankind perceived effect figure through binocular fusion when seeing three-dimensional video-frequency.
According to definition and the third dimension principle of horizontal parallax, horizontal parallax
, the parallax depth d of target area in corresponding prospect can be obtained:
Wherein: L is the observed range (3 times for screen height H) in experiment scene between observer and screen, and s is two sighting distances (for 65mm), when neglecting vertical parallax, d
sfor the horizontal parallax of consecutive frame two width view.
From subjective experiment data, horizontal screen parallax d
snonlinear with the relation of perceived depth d, as horizontal screen parallax d
swhen leveling off near 0, curve can be similar to turn to linear.
Domestic scholars Yang Lei is in conjunction with the characteristic of human visual system, undertaken changing by stereoscopic image right view parameter and the method that left view relevant parameter remains unchanged, qualitative brightness, contrast, resolution and colourity four parameters of describing have impact to binocular stereo imaging system display effect, and the reason that analytic explanation Parameters variation impacts imaging effect.The little Fang Ze of Lee points out brightness and the excessive left and right view of color distortion, can produce and not mate anaglyph pair in beholder's eye, is to cause viewing stereo-picture to cause asthenopic physiological reason.
2. the demarcation such as subjective experiment equipment
This experiment is carried out under NVIDIA3DVision display platform, projection equipment adopts SonyVPL-HW30ES three-dimensional video-frequency projector, this projector is comparatively widely used in the fields such as home theater broadcasting, video quality observation, medical scene analysis, the broadcasting work of three-dimensional video-frequency can be completed quickly, and its three-dimensional imaging Be very effective, color is true to nature, definition is high, stereovision is strong.
For observation personnel, in order to ensure reasonability and the validity of its observed result, need to be retrained to ensure that experiment can be carried out normally to series of factors, comprising age, sex, eyesight, have the physiological maladies such as no vision defects, with or without the experience etc. observing three-dimensional video-frequency.Here, select the age be 20-35 year masculinity and femininity, normal visual acuity (naked depending on or wearing spectacles correct defects of vision and reach 1.0, not to the eye disease that experimental data impacts), three-dimensional video-frequency is had to observe experience, wear active-shutter glasses have no adverse reaction and correctly thoroughly can understand judgment criteria, in scoring process without the professional person of subjective tendency as observer; The standard sequence that stereoscopic video sequence adopts International video tissue to issue, and setting broadcasting is spaced apart 20s.
Converge like the spokes of a wheel at the hub in real world is consistent with focal adjustments, and when watching stereo-picture, if depending on extent in range of fusion, although converge like the spokes of a wheel at the hub inconsistent with focal adjustments, but still right and left eyes anaglyph can be fused into a width stereo-picture, therefore beholder on three-dimensional display it is seen that a width has the stereo-picture of depth feelings, as Fig. 5; If depending on extent outside range of fusion, right and left eyes two width disparity map cannot be fused into a width stereo-picture by beholder, and beholder, it is seen that a unsharp crosstalk image, as Fig. 6, thus produces serious visual fatigue.
In observation process, tester needs to wear Sony active shutter glasses and stands in the viewing that distance stereoscopic screen 3.6m place completes stereoscopic video, find after tested under this distance, good stereopsis effect can be obtained, as Fig. 7, and not easily produce the uncomfortable sensation of vision, wherein stereoscopic screen setting height is 1.2m.
Recommend criterion according to ITU (2002) quality of TV image subjective assessment, stereoscopic image comfort level divides 5 grades to evaluate, and the precision of wherein marking reaches 0.1.Concrete comfortable descriptive grade and standards of grading are provided by Fig. 8.
3. foreground area is extracted
In soft scissors method, user uses mouse to draw over clockwise along object edge, and this region covered just is identified as unknown R territory, and this left hand edge is regarded as background parts automatically by system, equally, this right hand edge is regarded as prospect part automatically by system.User's mouse often draws one forward, and the tricolor marker figure that system will obtain according to upper, utilizes robustness foreground extraction algorithm to calculate the value of the foreground to transparent degree of unknown pixel in drawn region.Like this, along with user's mouse constantly moves forward, the value of the foreground to transparent degree of the pixel of zone of ignorance will constantly be calculated, thus reaches real-time effect.Fig. 9 is the former figure not carrying out foreground area extraction, Figure 10 is extract the foreground area extraction effect figure after the combination of foreground zone domain method by soft scissors method and robustness;
4. the evaluation of three-dimensional video-frequency comfort level
First the experimental result of subjective assessment is inserted that ordinate is mankind's subjective assessment score MOS, abscissa is that solid object is protruded or is recessed in the coordinate system of parallax depth d of screen, as Figure 11, mark point is linked to be smooth curve, obtains the function of correspondence.By left and right for the present frame corresponding to the observation station on smooth curve in coordinate system two width match views, obtain its standard disparity map, process left and right view respectively by the method that soft scissors method and robustness foreground extracting method combine again, obtain respective foreground area and background area.
Foreground area is carried out split, extract, calculate parallax depth d, more respectively monochrome information extraction is carried out to foreground area and background area, obtain foreground area brightness l
1, background luminance l
2.As the value of delta that ordinate is mankind's subjective assessment score MOS and respective function vc value, abscissa is respectively the coordinate system of foreground area brightness and background area brightness, as Figure 12, Figure 13, mark point is linked to be smooth curve, obtains corresponding function.According to the relation of the function of space or depth perception d and human visual system's characteristic and the relation that affected human subject's visual score by luminance compensation, obtain the mathematic(al) representation of stereoscopic video visual comfort scoring:
S＝vc+E＝a
1d
3+a
2d
2+a
3d+a
4+σ(b
1l
1 2+b
2l
1+b
3)+(1-σ)(c
1l
2 2+c
2l
2+c
3)
Wherein S is the scoring of comprehensive visual comfort level, and vc is visual comfort scoring, and E is luminance compensation score, and a, b, c, σ are characteristic parameter, and d is parallax depth, l
1for the brightness of foreground area, l
2for the brightness of background area; σ assignment is 0.75, and the coefficient being obtained model by reverse substitution method obtains a respectively
1, a
2, a
3, a
4, b
1, b
2, b
3, c
1, c
2, c
3, thus realize stereoscopic video visual comfort and carry out Adaptive critic.
Claims (1)
1., based on a stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation method for luminance compensation, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1.1 evaluation models setting up depth parallax and stereoscopic video visual comfort relation, specifically comprise the following steps:
1.1.1 to the requirement of observer: binocular naked depending on or wearing spectacles correct defects of vision and reach 1.0; Not to the eye disease that experimental data impacts; Age is the masculinity and femininity in 20--35 year; Be divided into the non-expert having the expert of observation experience and do not observe experience; Wear active shutter glasses to have no adverse reaction;
1.1.2 to the requirement of testing film source and experiment scene: adopt the standard stereo video sequence that International video tissue is issued, setting broadcasting is spaced apart 20s; Observed range L in experiment scene between observer and screen is 3 times of screen height H, and two sighting distance s are 65mm;
1.1.3 obtain the experimental result of subjective assessment: by observer according to 5 of stereoscopic video visual comfort grades, international standard stereoscopic video sequence is marked, obtain human subject and evaluate score MOS value;
1.1.4 foreground area and background area is chosen: choose the left and right two width match views of arbitrary frame in the four sections of video sequences carrying out testing, obtain its standard disparity map, combine by soft scissors method and robustness foreground extraction method again, process left and right view respectively, the region meeting human vision Selective attention power mechanism is classified as foreground area, remaining background object is classified as background area;
1.1.5 parallax depth d is calculated: the foreground area obtained step 1.1.4 is split, extracted, according to definition and the third dimension principle of horizontal parallax, horizontal parallax
the parallax depth d obtaining corresponding foreground area is:
Wherein: L, s known quantity set by step 1.1.2, when neglecting vertical parallax, d
sfor the horizontal parallax of consecutive frame two width view;
1.1.6 according to the experimental result of step 1.1.3 subjective assessment and the logical relation of step 1.1.5 parallax depth d, determine that the mathematic(al) representation of stereoscopic video visual comfort evaluation model is:
vc＝a
1d
3+a
2d
2+a
3d+a
4；
Wherein: vc is visual comfort score function, a
1, a
2, a
3, a
4for characteristic parameter, d is parallax depth;
1.1.7 the result experimental result of step 1.1.3 subjective assessment and step 1.1.5 being calculated gained parallax depth d inserts that ordinate is mankind's subjective assessment score MOS, abscissa is that solid object is protruded or is recessed in the coordinate system of parallax depth d of screen, mark point is linked to be smooth curve, obtains corresponding function;
1.1.8 according to the mark point function relation in step 1.1.7, characteristic parameter a is calculated
1, a
2, a
3, a
4value, obtain corresponding visual comfort score function vc;
1.2 set up the evaluation model carrying out stereoscopic video visual comfort after luminance compensation, specifically comprise the following steps:
1.2.1 respectively monochrome information extraction is carried out to the foreground area of step 1.1.4 gained and background area, obtain foreground area brightness l
1with background area brightness l
2;
1.2.2 the corresponding visual comfort score function vc value calculating gained in step 1.1.8 by substituting into parallax depth d is tried to achieve;
1.2.3 setting up ordinate is the difference that step 1.1.3 human subject evaluates that score MOS value and step 1.2.2 try to achieve visual comfort score function vc value, abscissa is respectively the coordinate system of foreground area brightness and background area brightness, mark point is linked to be smooth curve, obtains corresponding function:
E
1＝b
1l
1 2+b
2l
1+b
3(1)
E
2＝c
1l
2 2+c
2l
2+c
3； (2)
Wherein: E
1for foreground area luminance compensation score, E
2for background area luminance compensation score, l
1for foreground area brightness, l
2for background area brightness, b
1, b
2, b
3and c
1, c
2, c
3for characteristic parameter;
1.2.4 by the corresponding mark point function relation in step 1.2.3 functional image, characteristic parameter b is calculated
1, b
2, b
3and c
1, c
2, c
3value;
1.2.5 according to the functional relation of space or depth perception d and human visual system's characteristic, with by the relation that luminance compensation affects human subject's visual score, the mathematic(al) representation obtaining stereoscopic video visual comfort scoring is:
S＝vc+E＝a
1d
3+a
2d
2+a
3d+a
4+σ(b
1l
1 2+b
2l
1+b
3)+(1-σ)(c
1l
2 2+c
2l
2+c
3)
Wherein: S is the scoring of comprehensive visual comfort level, and vc is visual comfort scoring, and E is luminance compensation score, a
1, a
2, a
3, a
4, b
1, b
2, b
3and c
1, c
2, c
3, σ is characteristic parameter, d is parallax depth, l
1for the brightness of foreground area, l
2for the brightness of background area; σ assignment is 0.75.
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| CN104853185A (en) * | 2015-06-06 | 2015-08-19 | 吉林大学 | Stereo video comfort evaluation method combining multiple parallaxes with motion |
| CN106683072B (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2020-02-21 | 上海交通大学 | 3D image comfort level quality evaluation method and system based on PUP image |
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