CN103953580B - The design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade - Google Patents
The design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on a kind of medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, belong to engineering bionics techniques field.Usefulness: (1) the present invention has fully taken into account medium-and-large-sized rotor blade " take wing chord as the reynolds' number of characteristic length be change in blade radial direction " these material facts, more existingly considers by part or ignores the non-homogeneous gradual change carried out based on this fact completely even the width such as groove, indifference, isotypy design science, rationally more; (2) the more existing non-homogeneous gradual change of design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type provided by the invention and abstract, the low fidelity of reduced form are imitated shark reducing noise and drag microstructure design and more can be ensured its practical effect more efficiently, contribute to making the every part in rotor blade virtual partition can close to or maximized simulation biological function.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on a kind of medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, more particularly, refer to and carry out the even gradual changeization design of high imitative shark placoid scale groove microstructure true to nature with the method realizing efficient bionic, drag-reducing noise reduction according to the difference of rotor blade different radial zone linear velocity, belong to engineering bionics techniques field.
Background technique
With the successful model that " sharkskin effect " famous shark is biological evolution, known at present " sharkskin effect " has been coupled the multiple biological functions such as drag reduction, noise reduction, desorption, protection, and the micron order groove structure of shagreen placoid scale is the important feature key element of facilitating " sharkskin effect ", imitative shark placoid scale groove microstructure has been applied to the design of the multiple Large-Scale Equipments such as aircraft, naval vessel, submarine by people in recent years, to solve some engineering problem.
The maximization of rotor-support-foundation system is one of important channel reducing user cost.Along with the increase of rotor-support-foundation system rated power, the rotor blade diameter as critical component also increases rapidly, and the length of current medium-and-large-sized rotor-support-foundation system rotor blade is many at more than 3m, and windage when it runs and noise problem seem particularly serious.Windage is crossed senior general and is reduced system effectiveness, and noise crosses senior general's environmental pollution, vibrating fatigue and cracking failure, and thus the reducing noise and drag design of medium-and-large-sized rotor blade becomes the important leverage and design difficulty that improve rotor efficiency and equipment reliability.Also mean noise reduction while drag reduction, the sharkskin with reducing noise and drag function is that medium-and-large-sized rotor blade layout provides biological example.Such as, application number be 10/802568 U.S. patents disclose a kind of reduced form " U " shape trench design that adopts to simulate the blade of wind-driven generator of sharkskin groove microstructure, the homogenization of above-mentioned imitative shagreen microstructure is pasted or is worked into effective control that blade surface can realize resistance and noise.
But existing low fidelity, isotypy are imitated shagreen microstructure and still be there is larger room for improvement for the reducing noise and drag of medium-and-large-sized rotor-type moving element.Reason is: research shows, trench cross section shape and groove width are the important feature key elements determining " sharkskin effect " on the one hand, and designed imitative its fidelity of shark groove microstructure is higher, then the actual effect of bionic, drag-reducing noise reduction is more remarkable; On the other hand in order to reach best drag reduction efficiency, the different speed groove width that all correspondence one is best.And for medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, when it runs well, Different Diameter is different to the linear velocity of the band of position, even difference is larger, if the low fidelity of simple employing, non-homogeneous gradual change even isotypy imitate the design of shark placoid scale groove microstructure, obviously cannot realize efficient reducing noise and drag effect in radial diverse location region simultaneously, and for whole aircraft reliability and the raising in life-span also comparatively limited.
Therefore, to realize the reducing noise and drag design of high efficiency, high reliability on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, the design carrying out the bionical microstructure of high true to nature, even gradation type is imperative.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, provide the design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on a kind of medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, to solve the problems of the technologies described above.
Technical problem solved by the invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
On medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, the design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type, comprises the steps:
The first step: medium-and-large-sized rotor blade virtual partition and parameter extraction
(A) reducing noise and drag necessity and following process Economy is taken into account, on each medium-and-large-sized rotor blade tow sides virtually each stroke establish a separatrix consistent with its rotary track, using the leaf area between blade tip and this separatrix as the region of implementing imitative shark groove microstructure and designing;
(B) from following process economy point, blade tow sides being had other corresponding subregion of micro-structure difference in size is considered as identical, and then according to vane airfoil profile and design size, extraction blade tip and warp (A) step draw the chord length value of the virtual separatrix place blade wing chord established respectively;
(C) according to design rated speed and the blade dimensions of medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, extract blade tip and draw the numerical value of the turning radius residing for the virtual separatrix of establishing through (A) step, and then calculate the linear velocity of blade tip and virtual separatrix place blade wing chord;
Second step: the best groove width fluid calculation of rotor blade virtual partition boundary
(A) blade tip calculated according to the first step and the linear velocity of virtual separatrix place blade wing chord, and the chord length value of the blade tip extracted using the first step and virtual separatrix place blade wing chord is as geometric properties length, calculates the reynolds' number R of rotor blade virtual partition two boundaries according to formula 1
e, in formula, V is blade profile string of a musical instrument speed, and L is the geometric properties length of blade wing chord, and ρ is flowing medium density, and μ is flowing medium kinetic viscosity;
R
e＝ρVL/μ(1)
(B) according to the rotor blade virtual partition boundary reynolds' number R calculated through (A) step
enumber range, calculate the coefficient of friction resistance C of rotor blade virtual partition boundary turbulent boundary layer according to Shi Lixi fourth formula 2
f;
(C) according to the coefficient of friction resistance C of the blade virtual partition boundary turbulent boundary layer calculated through (B) step
f, calculate rotor blade virtual partition boundary according to formula 3 and imitate best groove width s when shark groove microstructure plays best drag-reduction effect;
3rd step: shark placoid scale groove microstructure biological prototype is extracted
(A) select typical Gao You speed shark and cut out the fresh sharkskin of certain area, by suitable technique for pretreating, obtained sharkskin biological template, and then as the biological prototype of imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature high on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade;
(B) scanning of high-precision three-dimensional surface profile is carried out to the sharkskin biological template obtained through (A) step, obtain its high-precision surface feature image, extract the cross-sectional profiles curve of shark placoid scale groove microstructure, and then extract the concrete data of groove width, squama ridge height, scale inclination angle and respective trenches cross section profile;
4th step: the even gradual changeization design of high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature in virtual partition
(A) the rotor blade virtual partition boundary calculated using the second step best groove width s imitated when shark groove microstructure plays best drag-reduction effect imitates the design groove width of shark groove microstructure as blade virtual partition boundary, respectively the biological prototype groove data that the design groove width of two boundaries and the 3rd step obtain are carried out numeric ratio pair, so to two boundaries imitate shark trench cross-section profile carry out on proportional zoom basis high-precision two-dimensionalization design;
(B) imitate shark trench cross-section two-dimensional digital profile the two poles of the earth as data gradual change using virtual partition two boundaries in (A) step, in virtual partition, carry out the even downsizing gradual change design of imitative shark trench cross-section two-dimensional silhouette curve along virtual separatrix to blade tip direction; For reducing subsequent machining cost, playing blade tip direction from virtual separatrix, being limited to the identical imitative shark trench cross-section design of the interior employing of leaf area that turning radius variance ratio is 2%; Thus, through the intermittence of some step numbers step by step after gradual change, in whole virtual partition, imitative shark trench cross-section just completes the even gradual change to the less pole of size by the larger pole of size;
(C) using the design considerations of highi degree of accuracy shark skin surface pattern high imitative shark groove micromorphology true to nature on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade of the 3rd step acquisition, the even gradation type designed through (B) step is imitated shark trench cross-section digitizing profile and carry out three dimensional stress process, generate scale independence, have inclination angle, assume diamond in shape staggered imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks structure, in the virtual partition of medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, finally complete the design that high true to nature, even gradation type imitates shark groove microstructure.
The length range of described medium-and-large-sized rotor blade is 3m ~ 60m.
The scope that described rotor blade virtual partition is contained be along blade tip to gyration center direction on 15% ~ 85% region.
Described height imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature is compared with biological prototype, and its fidelity is 75% ~ 95%.
The groove direction of described height imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature should be consistent with the gyratory directions of rotor blade.
Usefulness of the present invention: the high imitative shark groove microstructure design method true to nature of (1) even gradation type provided by the invention, fully take into account medium-and-large-sized rotor blade " take wing chord as the reynolds' number of characteristic length be change in blade radial direction " these material facts, more existingly considered by part or ignore the non-homogeneous gradual change carried out based on this fact completely even the width such as groove, indifference, isotypy design science, rationally more; (2) farthest respect on structure and morphology and be the important leverage maximizing simulation biological function close to biological prototype, the more existing non-homogeneous gradual change of design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type provided by the invention and abstract, the low fidelity of reduced form are imitated shark reducing noise and drag microstructure design and more can be ensured its practical effect more efficiently, contribute to making the every part in rotor blade virtual partition can close to or maximized simulation biological function.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the design method flow chart of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade of the present invention.
The medium-and-large-sized rotor-support-foundation system schematic diagram with the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the zoomed-in view of a-quadrant on Fig. 2 rotor blade.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram carrying out virtual area partition on single rotor blade.
Fig. 5 imitates in region shark groove microstructure to B in Fig. 3 to carry out the three-dimensional zoomed-in view after biopsy cavity marker devices sampling.
Fig. 6 is the narrowtooth shark placoid scale groove section profile curve extracted in the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 1, rotor blade 2, imitative shark groove microstructure 3, virtual partition 4, imitative shark trench cross-section.
Embodiment
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, setting forth the present invention further below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
With reference to Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 3, intend on certain large-scale six leaf, standard fin type blower fan of cooling tower blade, carrying out according to flow process shown in Fig. 1 the design that high true to nature, even gradation type imitates shark groove microstructure.Relative dimensions and the running parameter of this model blower fan of cooling tower blade are: the length of single blower fan of cooling tower blade 1 is 10m, wheel diameter 2.5m, design rated speed 110rpm.
The first step: blower fan of cooling tower blade virtual partition and parameter extraction.
With reference to Fig. 2, Fig. 4, first determine the design carrying out imitative shark groove microstructure 2 in leave dual sides along blade tip to the radial zone in gyration center direction 75%, the separatrix (being represented by dotted lines in figure) of this virtual partition 3 and the rotary track of fan blade are consistent.Because its linear velocity of position near gyration center is lower, consider from follow-up manufacture cost and benefit return equal angles, be unworthy that reducing noise and drag design is carried out in the region to remaining 25%.
Secondly, this fin type blade is common uniformly shaped blade, from following process economy point, blade tow sides being had other corresponding subregion of micro-structure difference in size is considered as identical, according to its aerofoil profile and design size, the chord length value L extracting blade tip and virtual separatrix place blade wing chord is 1.0m.
Finally, according to design rated speed 110rpm and the blade dimensions of blower fan of cooling tower blade, and take into account wheel disc size, the numerical value extracting the turning radius residing for blade tip and virtual separatrix is respectively 10.3m, 4.7m, and then the linear velocity V calculating blade tip and virtual separatrix place blade wing chord is respectively 118.6m/s, 54.1m/s.
Second step: the best groove width fluid calculation of fan blade virtual partition boundary.
First, the linear velocity (118.6m/s, 54.1m/s) of the blade tip calculated according to the first step and virtual separatrix place blade wing chord, and using the chord length value 1.0m of blade tip and virtual separatrix place blade wing chord as geometric properties length, calculate the reynolds' number R of rotor blade virtual partition 3 two boundaries according to formula 1
ebe respectively 7.9 × 10
6, 3.6 × 10
6, in formula air dielectric kinetic viscosity μ and density p under normal temperature (15 DEG C ~ 20 DEG C), normal pressure respectively value be 1.8 × 10
-5kg/ms and 1.205kg/m
3.
And then, according to above-mentioned rotor blade virtual partition 3 boundary reynolds' number R
enumber range, calculate the coefficient of friction resistance C of rotor blade virtual partition 3 boundary turbulent boundary layer according to Shi Lixi fourth formula 2
fbe respectively 0.0026517,0.0025288.
Finally, according to the coefficient of friction resistance C of above-mentioned blade virtual partition 3 boundary turbulent boundary layer
f(0.0026517,0.0025288), calculates according to formula 3 the best groove width s that rotor blade virtual partition 3 boundary imitates when shark groove microstructure 2 plays best drag-reduction effect and is respectively 55 μm, 124 μm.
3rd step: shark placoid scale groove microstructure biological prototype is extracted.
First, the typical case of adult is selected to swim fast shark kind narrowtooth shark (Carcharhinusbrachyurous) soon and cut out the fresh sharkskin of certain area, the technique for pretreating such as, ethanol dehydration fixing by cleaning, chemistry, oven dry, obtained narrowtooth shark fish-skin biological template, and then as the biological prototype of imitative shark groove microstructure 2 true to nature high on blower fan of cooling tower blade.
And then, the scanning of high-precision three-dimensional surface profile is carried out to above-mentioned obtained narrowtooth shark fish-skin biological template, obtain its high-precision surface feature image, extract the cross-sectional profiles curve (with reference to Fig. 6) of narrowtooth shark placoid scale groove microstructure, and then extract the concrete data of groove width 48.0 μm, central squama ridge height 10.0 μm, both sides secondary squama ridge height 8.0 μm, 5 °, scale inclination angle and other respective trenches cross section profiles.
4th step: the even gradual changeization design of high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature in virtual partition.
First, rotor blade virtual partition 3 boundary calculated using the second step best groove width s (55 μm, 124 μm) imitated when shark groove microstructure 2 plays best drag-reduction effect imitates the design groove width of shark groove microstructure 2 as blade virtual partition 3 boundary, respectively the biological prototype groove data that the design groove width of two boundaries and the 3rd step obtain are carried out numeric ratio pair, and then the high-precision two-dimensionalization that the profile that two boundaries imitate shark trench cross-section 4 carries out on proportional zoom basis is designed.Such as, to imitate the main structure numerical value of shark trench cross-section 4 as follows blade tip and virtual separatrix place.
Blade tip place: groove width 55 μm, central squama ridge height 12 μm, both sides secondary squama ridge height 9 μm, 6 °, scale inclination angle.
Virtual separatrix place: groove width 124 μm, central squama ridge height 26 μm, both sides secondary squama ridge height 21 μm, 13 °, scale inclination angle.
And then, imitate two-dimensional digital profile the two poles of the earth as data gradual change of shark trench cross-section 4 using above-mentioned virtual partition two boundaries, in virtual partition 3, carry out the even downsizing gradual change design of imitative shark trench cross-section 4 two-dimensional silhouette curve along virtual separatrix to blade tip direction, for reducing subsequent machining cost, blade tip direction is played from virtual separatrix, be limited to turning radius variance ratio be 2% leaf area in adopt identical imitative shark trench cross-section 4 design, that is the turning radius often increase 20cm namely need to imitative shark trench cross-section 4 carry out first-stage reduction gradual change design, experience several this type of gradual changes, until complete the even gradual change of imitative shark trench cross-section 4 by groove width 124 μm to 55 μm in whole virtual partition 3, other structured datas are as central squama ridge height, both sides secondary squama ridge height and scale inclination angle etc. also complete even gradual change simultaneously.
Finally, using the design considerations of highi degree of accuracy shark skin surface pattern high imitative shark groove micromorphology true to nature on blower fan of cooling tower blade that the 3rd step obtains, the above-mentioned even gradation type designed is imitated shark trench cross-section digitizing profile and carries out three dimensional stress process, generate scale independent, have inclination angle, the staggered imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks structure that assumes diamond in shape (with reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 5), and the gyratory directions of its groove direction and blower fan of cooling tower blade is consistent.Owing to the corresponding virtual partition on blade tow sides being considered as identical, therefore the corresponding position on blade tow sides all should have identical imitative shark groove microstructure, on large cooling column fan blade, just complete the design that high true to nature, even gradation type imitates shark groove microstructure thus.
With reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, the height imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature gone out designed by the above-mentioned flow process is compared with biological prototype, and its fidelity is about 90%.
More than show and describe basic principle of the present invention and major character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. the design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
The first step: medium-and-large-sized rotor blade virtual partition and parameter extraction
(A) reducing noise and drag necessity and following process Economy is taken into account, on each medium-and-large-sized rotor blade tow sides virtually each stroke establish a separatrix consistent with its rotary track, using the leaf area between blade tip and this separatrix as the region of implementing imitative shark groove microstructure and designing;
(B) from following process economy point, blade tow sides being had other corresponding subregion of micro-structure difference in size is considered as identical, and then according to vane airfoil profile and design size, extraction blade tip and warp (A) step draw the chord length value of the virtual separatrix place blade wing chord established respectively;
(C) according to design rated speed and the blade dimensions of medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, extract blade tip and draw the numerical value of the turning radius residing for the virtual separatrix of establishing through (A) step, and then calculate the linear velocity of blade tip and virtual separatrix place blade wing chord;
Second step: the best groove width fluid calculation of rotor blade virtual partition boundary
(A) blade tip calculated according to the first step and the linear velocity of virtual separatrix place blade wing chord, and the chord length value of the blade tip extracted using the first step and virtual separatrix place blade wing chord is as geometric properties length, calculates the reynolds' number R of rotor blade virtual partition two boundaries according to formula 1
e, in formula, V is blade profile string of a musical instrument speed, and L is the geometric properties length of blade wing chord, and ρ is flowing medium density, and μ is flowing medium kinetic viscosity;
R
e＝ρVL/μ(1)
(B) according to the rotor blade virtual partition boundary reynolds' number R calculated through (A) step
enumber range, calculate the coefficient of friction resistance C of rotor blade virtual partition boundary turbulent boundary layer according to Shi Lixi fourth formula 2
f;
(C) according to the coefficient of friction resistance C of the blade virtual partition boundary turbulent boundary layer calculated through (B) step
f, calculate rotor blade virtual partition boundary according to formula 3 and imitate best groove width s when shark groove microstructure plays best drag-reduction effect;
3rd step: shark placoid scale groove microstructure biological prototype is extracted
(A) select typical Gao You speed shark and cut out the fresh sharkskin of certain area, by suitable technique for pretreating, obtained sharkskin biological template, and then as the biological prototype of imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature high on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade;
(B) scanning of high-precision three-dimensional surface profile is carried out to the sharkskin biological template obtained through (A) step, obtain its high-precision surface feature image, extract the cross-sectional profiles curve of shark placoid scale groove microstructure, and then extract the concrete data of groove width, squama ridge height, scale inclination angle and respective trenches cross section profile;
4th step: the even gradual changeization design of high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature in virtual partition
(A) the rotor blade virtual partition boundary calculated using the second step best groove width s imitated when shark groove microstructure plays best drag-reduction effect imitates the design groove width of shark groove microstructure as blade virtual partition boundary, respectively the biological prototype groove data that the design groove width of two boundaries and the 3rd step obtain are carried out numeric ratio pair, so to two boundaries imitate shark trench cross-section profile carry out on proportional zoom basis high-precision two-dimensionalization design;
(B) imitate shark trench cross-section two-dimensional digital profile the two poles of the earth as data gradual change using virtual partition two boundaries in (A) step, in virtual partition, carry out the even downsizing gradual change design of imitative shark trench cross-section two-dimensional silhouette curve along virtual separatrix to blade tip direction; For reducing subsequent machining cost, playing blade tip direction from virtual separatrix, being limited to the identical imitative shark trench cross-section design of the interior employing of leaf area that turning radius variance ratio is 2%; Thus, through the intermittence of some step numbers step by step after gradual change, in whole virtual partition, imitative shark trench cross-section just completes the even gradual change to the less pole of size by the larger pole of size;
(C) using the design considerations of highi degree of accuracy shark skin surface pattern high imitative shark groove micromorphology true to nature on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade of the 3rd step acquisition, the even gradation type designed through (B) step is imitated shark trench cross-section digitizing profile and carry out three dimensional stress process, generate scale independence, have inclination angle, assume diamond in shape staggered imitative Patterns of Placoid Scales of Sharks structure, in the virtual partition of medium-and-large-sized rotor blade, finally complete the design that high true to nature, even gradation type imitates shark groove microstructure.
2. the design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the length range of described medium-and-large-sized rotor blade is 3m ~ 60m.
3. the design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the scope that described rotor blade virtual partition is contained be along blade tip to gyration center direction on 15% ~ 85% region.
4. the design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described height imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature is compared with biological prototype, and its fidelity is 75% ~ 95%.
5. the design method of the high imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature of even gradation type on medium-and-large-sized rotor blade according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the groove direction of described height imitative shark groove microstructure true to nature should be consistent with the gyratory directions of rotor blade.
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| CN108147023B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2020-01-31 | 山东理工大学 | feeder with bionic shark skin placoid scale structure and manufacturing method thereof |
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| DE20320309U1 (en) * | 2003-12-16 | 2004-05-13 | Smolka, Peter, Dr. | Rotor blades for wind power plants with flow optimized surfaces have surface macro structures with variable element lengths, e.g. lotus leaf or shark's skin micro structures as part of macro structure |
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