CN103814649B - A kind of method promoting agricultural land soil environmental capacity - Google Patents
A kind of method promoting agricultural land soil environmental capacity Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814649B CN103814649B CN201410074339.6A CN201410074339A CN103814649B CN 103814649 B CN103814649 B CN 103814649B CN 201410074339 A CN201410074339 A CN 201410074339A CN 103814649 B CN103814649 B CN 103814649B
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
In conjunction with the severe situation that agricultural land soil is current, the present invention mainly provides a kind of method promoting agricultural land soil environmental capacity, for strengthening the self-purification capacity of agricultural land soil, reduces various pollutants (organic matter, the heavy metal) harm to crops in agricultural land soil; Reduce crops to the absorption of soil harmful substance, thus reduce its index to human health risk.The method of the invention, the agricultural land soil being applicable to the pollution source peripheries such as all kinds of chemical plant, insecticide factory, Electroplate Factory, chemical fertilizer factory prevents the erosion of each pollutant, improves crop yield, promotes crop quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of environment protection, particularly relate to a kind of method promoting agricultural land soil environmental capacity.
Background technology
Current; more and more be subject to people's attention at city environmental protection; while environmental pollution is progressively obtaining controlling; Rural Environmental Problem is but more and more outstanding; various pollution and ecological weave in; have impact on rural population life, threaten their health, bring serious pollution to farmland, rural area simultaneously.The farmland pollution that rural activity produces refers to that agricultural sector is in the processes such as fertilising, irrigation, with the addition of some harmful substance or makes some intrinsic content of material too high in soil, and what its pollutional load had exceeded soil bears capacity.It can make the physicochemical property of soil degenerate on the one hand, and fertility declines, and affects the growth of crop; Some noxious material is absorbed by crops on the other hand, residues in cane and the particle of crop, affects human and livestock health by food chain, thus soil use value is reduced or loses.Along with expanding economy, the various activities of the mankind are also increasing the weight of the pollution in farmland, cause life in the countryside environment increasingly to worsen, agricultural and production environment seriously polluted, thus finally affect the quality and benefits of agricultural production." China's quality of rice security status and the developing countermeasure research " within 2010, issued according to China Paddy Rice Inst and Ministry of Agriculture's rice and quality of item supervision and inspection center claims, the arable land of China 1/5 receives heavy metal pollution, and the arable land of wherein cadmium pollution relates to 11 and economizes 25 areas.
The multiple elements such as soil quality and water, fertilizer, gas are closely bound up, and you can regard it as a kind of quasi-life body as, and it equally also needs care.From present case, the soil of China faces " seriously overdrawing ".And farmland day by day reduces and becomes present situation, to the end of the year 2012, plough close to the red line of 1,800,000,000 mu.
Summary of the invention
In conjunction with the severe situation that agricultural land soil is current, the present invention mainly provides a kind of method promoting agricultural land soil environmental capacity, for strengthening the self-purification capacity of agricultural land soil, reduce various pollutants (organic matter, the heavy metal) harm to crops in agricultural land soil; Reduce crops to the absorption of soil harmful substance, thus reduce its index to human health risk.
Soil environment capacity refer to soil environment unit allow maximum quantity or the load of the pollutant of containing.Soil environment capacity is actually the difference of soil pollution initial value and maximal workload.If the maximum tolerance limit value using Soil-environmental standard as soil environment capacity, the then calculated value of the environmental capacity of this soil, Soil-environmental standard value (or background values), the i.e. basic capacity of above-mentioned soil environment, the dead volume being referred to as soil environment had, is equivalent to the basic capacity of soil environment.
Although the dead volume of soil environment reflects the maximum capacity that ecological effects is allowed, but not yet to consider and with respect to the self-purification of soil environment and shock-absorbing capacity, also be in the accumulation after xenobiotic pollutants enters soil, also to be subject to impact and the restriction of soil environment geochemical background and Transport And Transformation process, as the constrained input of pollutant, adsorption and desorption, fixing with dissolving, accumulate and degrade etc., these processes are all in dynamic change, and its result can affect the maximum capacity of pollutant in soil environment.Thus current environment educational circles is thought, soil environment capacity should be the purge amount that dead volume adds this part soil, is only whole environmental capacity of soil or the visibly moved amount of soil.
Because soil environment static capacity is substantially quite fixing under existence conditions, the amplitude promoted it is less, and the present invention promotes mainly in soil environment dynamic capacity, namely promotes its purification ability of soil.
The factor affecting soil environment catharsis mainly contains following factors:
(1) the material composition of soil environment
The material composition of soil environment mainly comprises the chemical composition of the quality of soil mineral part, the kind of the soil organic matter and quantity, soil.
(2) soil environment condition
Soil environment condition mainly comprises pH and the Eh condition of soil, the water, heat condition etc. of soil.
(3) biological property of soil environment
The biological property of soil environment refers to kind and the number change of Vegetation and soil biology (microorganism and animal) fauna.They be in soil environment the absorption of pollutant fix, biological degradation, Transport And Transformation the main force, be soil organisms purification deciding factor.
(4) impact of mankind's activity
Mankind's activity is also the key factor affecting soil decontamination, can cause soil acidification and reduce the purifying property of soil as chronic administration chemical fertilizer; Liming can improve the purifying property of heavy metal; Organic fertilizer can increase soil organic matter content, improves purification capacity of soil.
In order to promote soil environment dynamic capacity, need the factor on affecting purification capacity of soil to adjust, purification capacity of soil is promoted.According to soil decontamination mechanism, be generally divided into the method such as physical cleaning, physico-chemical purification, chemical cleaning method, biological cleaning.The present invention is in conjunction with China's soil status, the farmland maybe may polluted for untainted farmland is administered, promote the self-purification capacity in farmland, through a series of physics, chemistry and biochemical reaction process, accelerate the degraded that may there is various pollutant, stablize, reduce its concentration or change its form, thus pollution abatement thing toxicity, reduce pollutant to the harm of crops, effectively stop pollutant to affect human health by food chain.
Promote a method for agricultural land soil environmental capacity, comprise the following steps:
1) utilize deep ploughing machinery to carry out deep ploughing process to agricultural land soil, the deep ploughing degree of depth is at 25-50cm;
2) in agricultural land soil, add organic matter, chelate sorbent, cation-exchanger, microbial activity promoter, soil structure conditioning agent, pH adjusting agent, control bulk density of soil 0.9-1.1g/cm
3, pH value 6.5-7.5, cation exchange capacity > 20cmol/100g, organic > 40g/kg, water soluble salt total amount≤3g/kg;
3) utilize deep ploughing machinery again to deep plough process to agricultural land soil, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 25-50cm;
4) annual spring, autumn repeat above-mentioned steps once, continue 3 years.
Carry out deep ploughing process to agricultural land soil, deep ploughing severity control is between 25-50cm.By deep ploughing, the gas permeability of soil can be strengthened, thus improve the available nutrient in soil; Be conducive to eliminating weeds and damage by disease and insect; Promote root system development, increase the output of crops; Can subsoil application, be conducive to progressively slaking lower soil, increase Root Absorption nutrition scope.
Increase the content of organic matter of agricultural land soil.Improve soil organic matter content, upper soll layer slaking can be impelled, accelerate the formation of soil with organic matter, accumulation and raising, and can soil aggregate be increased, provide tilth to a soil, impel the formation of topsoil.Wherein, can be used as to improve organic fertilizer have: green manure, muck, barnyard manure, compost, make compost, cake fertilizer, silkworm excrement, fish guano, river silt, pond sludge, organic manure.Organic consumption is every mu of 50-100kg.
Promote the chelating suction-operated of heavy metal.Mainly through the chelating suction-operated adding humus, cellulose promotes agricultural land soil heavy metal, effectively reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal.Chelate sorbent can form complexing of metal ion (chelating) thing with certain degree of stability with many kinds of metal ions.Chelate sorbent consumption is every mu of 50-150kg.
Microbial activity promoter is compound amino acid.In soil, adding microbial activity promoter, can promote the growth of microorganism, utilize the method for biological transformation or degraded remove or eliminate hazardous contaminant, is the most effective method of environmental protect quality.Utilize the biological effect such as absorption, enrichment, metabolism by contamination transform or be degraded to innocuous substance even utility, thus remove or eliminate the environmental pollution that may exist.Microbial activity accelerator dosage is every mu of 20-50kg.
Cation-exchanger is at least one in bentonite, zeolite, montmorillonite.Cation-exchanger consumption is every mu of 30-80kg.
Soil structure conditioning agent is at least one in hydroxyapatite, diatomite, sepiolite, attapulgite.Soil structure conditioning agent consumption is every mu of 20-50kg.
Cation-exchanger and soil structure conditioning agent can be broken soil compaction, chesson, the raising gas permeability of soil, reduce the bulk density of soil, promote soil microbial activities, strengthen soil rich water penetration; There is improvement soil, administer desert. water conservation drought resisting, strengthens disease-resistant crops ability, improves crop yield, oil recovery enhancement, recovers the functions such as crops original ecological, increases substantially survival rate and the agricultural output of crops; Improve agriculture and forestry product quality, recover the natural style and features of crops.
Zeolite is the hydrated aluminium silicates crystal of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, containing a large amount of three-dimensional crystalline structures, has unique molecular structure and very strong ion-exchange capacity, thus reduces the validity of heavy metal in soil by ion exchange absorption.The industrial minerals such as bentonite have larger inside and outside surface and stronger adsorption capacity, can with the heavy metal ion generation exchange interaction in soil, and the heavy metal in fixing soil, prevents it from moving.Mineral attapulgite be a kind of have layer chain crystal structure containing Shuifu County's magnesium silicate crystal.The particle of this crystal is very tiny, and has the asymmetric profile of needle bar shape, shows good colloidal property, Adsorption of Heavy Metals.
Carry out pH adjustment to agricultural land soil, pH controls between 6.5-7.5.Soil pH is too high too low, all can reduce soil P availability.The PH scope of suitable for crop to P acquisition is 6.5-7.5.Soil pH affects the validity of soil trace element to a great extent, and when soil pH is lower, the solvability of Iron in Soil, manganese, zinc, copper is comparatively large, and effective dose is higher, and its average effective content is all more than critical value, and iron, manganese are particularly like this.When soil pH is greater than 8.0, many soil there will be manganese deficiency, lacks the phenomenon of copper, effective content close to critical value, even below critical value.Improve soil pH and mainly utilize lime, flyash.Reduce soil pH and mainly utilize gypsum, ferrous sulfate, Cosan, acid weathered coal, diammonium phosphate or superphosphate.
The method of the invention, the agricultural land soil being applicable to the pollution source peripheries such as all kinds of chemical plant, insecticide factory, Electroplate Factory, chemical fertilizer factory prevents the erosion of each pollutant, improves crop yield, promotes crop quality.
Through the soil administered, effectively can improve the environmental capacity of soil, strengthen soil to the resistivity of pollutant, remove or eliminate the environmental pollution that may exist, reducing murder by poisoning crops caused by pollutant; Improve the available nutrient in soil simultaneously, promote root system development, increase substantially survival rate and the agricultural output of crops; Improve agriculture and forestry product quality, recover the natural style and features of crops.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Lifting operation, as sample plot, is carried out to its soil environment capacity in domestic 1 mu of acid farmland, Nearctic, random selecting changzhou.
1) utilize deep ploughing machinery to carry out deep ploughing process to agricultural land soil, the deep ploughing degree of depth is at 25cm;
2) in agricultural land soil, add green manure 10kg, muck 20kg, barnyard manure 20kg, humus 30kg, cellulose 20kg, bentonite 20kg, zeolite 10kg, compound amino acid 20kg, hydroxyapatite 10kg, diatomite 10kg, lime 10kg, flyash 15kg, control bulk density of soil 0.9g/cm
3, pH value 6.5, cation exchange capacity 30cmol/100g, organic 60g/kg, water soluble salt total amount 3g/kg;
3) utilize deep ploughing machinery again to deep plough process to agricultural land soil, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 25cm;
4) annual spring, autumn repeat above-mentioned steps once, continue 3 years.
Agricultural land soil after administering, its environmental capacity increases by 50%, effectively can resist the impact that the issuable pollutants of pollution source such as around all kinds of chemical plant, insecticide factory, Electroplate Factory, chemical fertilizer factory cause it; Meanwhile, crop yield increases by 10%.
Embodiment 2
The domestic 1 mu of basic farmland in Nearctic, random selecting changzhou, as sample plot, carries out lifting operation to its soil environment capacity.
1) utilize deep ploughing machinery to carry out deep ploughing process to agricultural land soil, the deep ploughing degree of depth is at 50cm;
2) in agricultural land soil, add barnyard manure 30kg, compost 40kg, make compost 30kg, cellulose 100kg, zeolite 40kg, montmorillonite 40kg, compound amino acid 50kg, sepiolite 30kg, attapulgite 20kg, ferrous sulfate 10kg, Cosan 3kg, acid weathered coal 5kg, control bulk density of soil 1.1g/cm
3, pH value 7.5, cation exchange capacity 50cmol/100g, organic 50g/kg, water soluble salt total amount 2g/kg;
3) utilize deep ploughing machinery again to deep plough process to agricultural land soil, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 50cm;
4) annual spring, autumn repeat above-mentioned steps once, continue 3 years.
Agricultural land soil after administering, its environmental capacity increases by 100%, effectively can resist the impact that the issuable pollutants of pollution source such as around all kinds of chemical plant, insecticide factory, Electroplate Factory, chemical fertilizer factory cause it; Meanwhile, crop yield increases by 10%.
Embodiment 3
The domestic 1 mu of basic farmland in Nearctic, random selecting changzhou, as sample plot, carries out lifting operation to its soil environment capacity.
1) utilize deep ploughing machinery to carry out deep ploughing process to agricultural land soil, the deep ploughing degree of depth is at 35cm;
2) in agricultural land soil, add river silt 30kg, pond sludge 20kg, organic manure 20kg, cellulose 70kg, bentonite 30kg, zeolite 20kg, compound amino acid 40kg, sepiolite 20kg, hydroxyapatite 15kg, ferrous sulfate 5kg, diammonium phosphate 5kg, superphosphate 3kg, control bulk density of soil 1g/cm
3, pH value 7, cation exchange capacity 60cmol/100g, organic 50g/kg, water soluble salt total amount 3g/kg;
3) utilize deep ploughing machinery again to deep plough process to agricultural land soil, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 35cm;
4) annual spring, autumn repeat above-mentioned steps once, continue 3 years.
Agricultural land soil after administering, its environmental capacity increases by 80%, effectively can resist the impact that the issuable pollutants of pollution source such as around all kinds of chemical plant, insecticide factory, Electroplate Factory, chemical fertilizer factory cause it; Meanwhile, crop yield increases by 30%.
Claims (1)
1. promote a method for agricultural land soil environmental capacity, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) utilize deep ploughing machinery to carry out deep ploughing process to agricultural land soil, the deep ploughing degree of depth is at 25-50cm;
2) in agricultural land soil, add organic matter, chelate sorbent, cation-exchanger, microbial activity promoter, soil structure conditioning agent, pH adjusting agent, control bulk density of soil 0.9-1.1g/cm
3, pH value 6.5-7.5, cation exchange capacity > 20cmol/100g, organic > 40g/kg, water soluble salt total amount≤3g/kg;
3) utilize deep ploughing machinery again to deep plough process to agricultural land soil, the degree of depth of deep ploughing is at 25-50cm;
4) annual spring, autumn repeat above-mentioned steps once, continue 3 years;
Described step 2) in organic matter be green manure, muck, barnyard manure, compost, make compost, at least one in cake fertilizer, silkworm excrement, fish guano, river silt, pond sludge, its consumption is every mu of 50-100kg;
Described step 2) in chelate sorbent be at least one in humus, cellulose, its consumption is every mu of 50-150kg;
Described step 2) in microbial activity promoter be compound amino acid, its consumption is every mu of 20-50kg;
Described step 2) in cation-exchanger be at least one in bentonite, zeolite, montmorillonite, its consumption is every mu of 30-80kg;
Described step 2) in soil structure conditioning agent be at least one in hydroxyapatite, diatomite, sepiolite, attapulgite, its consumption is every mu of 20-50kg;
Described step 2) in pH adjusting agent be at least one in lime, flyash, gypsum, ferrous sulfate, Cosan, acid weathered coal, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate; Wherein improve soil pH and mainly utilize lime, flyash; Reduce soil pH and mainly utilize gypsum, ferrous sulfate, Cosan, acid weathered coal, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate.
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