CN103798030A - Anji white tea ecological and efficient cultivation method - Google Patents
Anji white tea ecological and efficient cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103798030A CN103798030A CN201410033496.2A CN201410033496A CN103798030A CN 103798030 A CN103798030 A CN 103798030A CN 201410033496 A CN201410033496 A CN 201410033496A CN 103798030 A CN103798030 A CN 103798030A
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Abstract
The invention relates to tea leaf cultivation, in particular to an Anji white tea ecological and efficient cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: the ecology of a tea garden is constructed; tea seedlings are transplanted; after the tea seedlings are lifted, planting furrows are formed, base fertilizer is applied into the furrows and mixed with soil uniformly, the mixture is covered with a layer of surface soil, and the Anji white tea seedlings which accord with the standard of coming out of a nursery are transplanted; the depth of the planting furrows is around 30-36cm; 2-3 tea seedlings are planted in each cluster; the tea seedlings are moved into the furrows, original postures of root systems are maintained, the root systems are stretched, and the root systems are covered with soil and treaded tightly at the same time; the tea seedlings are planted in single row in a strip array mode, wherein the row spacing ranges from 150cm to 170cm, and the cluster spacing ranges from 26cm to 33cm; trees of economic value are interplanted; three-dimensional keeping and cultivation are conducted; after spring tea leaf picking is completed in a grown tea garden, the tea trees are immediately subjected to heavy pruning or deep pruning, tea leaves are not picked in summer and autumn, fertility management is reinforced, and the tea leaves grow naturally; fertilization is managed; tea flowers are removed, wherein the tea flowers are removed manually in a period when the tea flowers bloom intensively in autumn and winter every year; plant diseases and insect pests are managed; the tea garden is closed. According to the Anji white tea ecological and efficient cultivation method, the tea leaves are high in quality, safety of the tea leaves can be guaranteed, the yield of the tea leaves is increased, the income of the tea garden is also increased, and the ecology of the tea garden is protected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tealeaves cultivation, relate in particular to Anji white tea ecological efficient cultivation method.
Background technology
The white tea plantation in existing Anji is stayed foster culture technique for solid, its shortcoming comprises 1) tea place ecotope environment is not had to specific requirement, Tea Garden Ecosystem species are single, under bad weather, resistivity, self-recovery are limited in one's ability, are easy to be subject to the impact of harsh weather factor.Tea leaf quality and output can not get ensureing; 2) use of the agriculture input such as chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, easily makes tea garden soil harden, and reduces fertility, destroys tea place ecology.There is certain threat in the safety of tea products; 3) tealeaves management cost is high, and the impact that tea quality and output are subject to the factor such as ecology, weather is larger.Often input is many, and output is few; Economic benefit has to be hoisted.
CN100337526C (2007-9-19) discloses the cultivation method of a kind of tea tree, but that the method still drops into is many, and output is few; Overall efficiency has to be hoisted.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of Anji white tea ecological efficient cultivation method that can improve tea leaf quality and output, protection tea place ecology, promote tea place income.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
Anji white tea ecological efficient cultivation method, it comprises the following steps successively:
(1) construction of tea place ecology: open up take hillside, hills as main in Bai Cha tea place, Anji, mountain top, tea hill, the foot of the hill, hill-side keep tall and big high forest to cover, with water conservation, windproof solid soil;
(2) tea shoot is transplanted: before lifting, hold planting furrow successfully, apply base manure, fertile and soil is mixed thoroughly, above covers one deck table soil, then transplants the white tea tea shoot in Anji that meets garden specification; Plant about ditch depth 30-36cm; Plant 2-3 strain for every clump, transplanting tea shoot is wanted lifting on one side, plants on one side, is with soil as far as possible and does not damage root system to improve survival rate; Tea shoot moves in ditch, keeps the original attitude of root system, and root system is unfolded, and earthing limit, limit tracks tramping, and makes tea shoot exceed the tea shoot 5-10cm of vestige place that originally buried around, covers into ditch shape, to water next time and receive rainwater; The plantation of single file strip columnwise, line-spacing 150-170cm, clump is apart from 26-33cm;
(3) interplanting commodity trees: rationally interplant commodity trees according to physical features and kind, described commodity trees are one or more in Chinese torreya, Chinese yew, jujube tree, car li son or osmanthus fragrans;
(4) solid is stayed and is supported cultivation: one-tenth tea place in age is after spring tea harvesting finishes, immediately tea tree is deeplyd prune or deep pruning, summer autumn tea is not adopted, and strengthen fertile training management, allow its self-sow, the branch of new pumping, through two seasons of autumn in summer growing to 60-70cm, forms the tree crown of solid type, thus to spring in next year each branch grow from top to bottom the picking surface of many bud heads formation solid types;
(5) fertilizing management: general annual 2 times of Bai Cha tea place, Anji fertilising, annual spring tea is plucked and finishes rear fertilising once, and take fertilizer as main, ditching-fertilizing, covers with soil after executing, and covers to prune branch, every mu of application of organic fertilizers 150kg left and right; The growth in tea place of applying fertilizer for the second time stops substantially, enters the fertilising before of winter dormancy phase, and take fertilizer as main, amount of application is 150-200kg/ mu;
(6) extract camellia: annual autumn and winter season, tea tree blooms comparatively concentrated period, manual removal's camellia;
(7) pest management;
(8) envelope garden: spray tea tree antifreezing agent, carry out tea place Feng Yuan, until spring tea exploitation in next year.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. tea hill, tea place ecotope is superior; Interplanting economic forest, so play certain effect of sheltering from heat or light, interplants trees flowers and fruits simultaneously and has fragrance, and tealeaves can adsorb a part of flowers and fruits perfume (or spice); The whole application of organic fertilizers of new technology, the tender tip of tealeaves glossy glossy, bud-leaf is plump, component content is abundant, the resistance to bubble of tealeaves, tea leaf quality that new technology is produced is more excellent; Extracing camellia and can stop the nutrient loss of tea tree absorption in camellia tea fruit, is better that nutrient is gathered in the sprouting of the tea shoot of next year, and while tree plant flowers can be used as Herb Tea new product and sells after processing, provides source again for tea place increases income;
2. tea place output promotes, and tea quality is excellent, and with regard to the tealeaves output value, its income promotes greatly.Meanwhile, the utilization of Tea Flower, the sale of interplanting commodity trees fruit, the increment of economic forest trees itself, all will promote tea place benefit;
3. mountain top, tea hill, the foot of the hill, hill-side keep tall and big high forest to cover, the tea hill that forms " head cap; wear footwear, waist frenulum ", tea place is surrounded by tall and big forest, tea place row interplant commodity trees, increase tea place ecological species variation, increase the ability of its windproof solid soil, water conservation, opposing harsh weather, carry out disease and pest control with limited means, tea place ecotope can be kept better, better tealeaves can be cultivated.
As preferably, the Chinese yew 30-40 plant/acre of described step (3) interplanting commodity trees, Chinese torreya 20-30 plant/acre, car li son or jujube tree 20-25 plant/acre, osmanthus fragrans 15-20 plant/acre.
By rational close planting, both for tea tree is blocked a part of sunlight, windproof solid soil, promotes the white tea quality in Anji, has opened up another road again for tea place increases income.
More preferably, described commodity trees are osmanthus fragrans, in the March in the same year of transplanting the white tea tea shoot in Anji, are digging the hole that the degree of depth is 40-50cm with described tea shoot at a distance of 60-80cm place, plantation sweet osmanthus sapling in hole, and follow-up management carries out pruning to osmanthus fragrans:
(1) part sprouting just sprouted or when part young sprout has just started pumping except sprouting, bud picking:
(2) part is just carried out pinching at mushroom young sprout, turned round the tip; Described pinching is the tender part of children of extracing part young sprout tip, controls young sprout growing height, promotes that branch is aging, stimulates the mitogenetic of side shoot; Turning round the tip is that the young sprout of part semi-lignified is sprained, and by the conducting tissue of damage xylem, weakens the growth potential of this branch, and retains the photosynthetic function of this branch blade;
(3) cutting back, retraction and dredge and delete: need to prune by training the sweet osmanthus seedling aging branch of growing; Described cutting back is that annual branch is cut off to a part, to reduce the quantity of bud on this branch, concentrates nutrient, promotes the thick and branch of the increasing of branch, stimulates clip bud pumping enriching shoot.
Adopt the cultivation method at interplanting osmanthus trees in tea garden, make tea tree absorb the fragrance of sweet osmanthus, thereby make the tealeaves picking can directly be processed into osmanthus flower tea.Adopt cultivation method of the present invention, the tealeaves of harvesting, making in the process of osmanthus flower tea, has been saved the operation of mixing with sweet osmanthus together, has saved human and material resources.In tea place, plant after sweet osmanthus sapling, can use for many years, do not needed to buy again sweet osmanthus, saved osmanthus flower tea cost of manufacture.The osmanthus flower tea that adopts this implantation methods to produce, can not bring the harmful substance in sweet osmanthus into, has improved tea quality.
As preferably, described step (7) pest management comprises physics or biological control tea place damage by disease and insect; Physical control is with tea place solar insect-killing light, green plate or the trapping of yellow plate; Biological control is the flowers and fruits that utilize the tree growth of tealeaves interplanting, attracts the natural enemy of the sick worm in tea place.
In the inventive method, diseases and pests of tea tree is is all prevented and treated with the biopesticide of physics or organic standard, and the white tea in Anji is plucked all in the lower 3-4 month of temperature, generally there will not be disease worm harm, between the picking period, can not have the pollution of chemical agent, upper one year low toxicity and low residue used biopesticide, through very long winter, also degrade, so the white tea product quality safety in Anji is guaranteed, alleviated consumer's misgivings; Can reach and reduce agricultural chemicals use, disease and pest control population quantity, reduces the object that disease worm endangers; Improve ecological requirement.
As preferably, after described step (2) tea shoot moves in ditch, earthing soil used is mixed by matrix and rural area soil or clay, is by weight percentage: matrix 25-45%, rural area soil or clay 55-75%; Described matrix comprises by weight: organic 60-80%, wherein nitrogen: 1-3%, and phosphorus: 1.5-3.5%, potassium: 2-4%, trace magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron is 0.02-0.08% altogether; The pH of described matrix is 6.5-6.8; Described organic matter comprises human and animal excreta 15-40 part, edible fungi residue 10-18 part, useless bamboo bits 3-6 part, plant powdered carbon 2-5 part, silt slag 5-10 part, bone meal 4-6 part, the dregs of beans 4-9 part after bamboo vinegar 1-4 part, starch-acrylate graft copolymer 1-3 part, straw decomposing microbial inoculum 15-40 part, fermentation.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. adopt special component and ratio to coordinate and make organic matter, and be combined with inanimate matter form weakly acidic matrix, nutrient component is high, trace element ratio is suitable, human and animal excreta and edible fungi residue after straw decomposing microbial inoculum, fermentation all belong to microbial fermenters plastidome, offer cellulose, hemicellulose and the lignin of compost abundance; Useless bamboo bits, silt slag, bone meal and dregs of beans contain the necessary trace element of plant growth: phosphorus, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium etc., in dregs of beans, also contain in addition several amino acids, and in increasing seedling class output, improve product quality and nutrition; This may be also with to have added starch-acrylate graft copolymer relevant, can prevent that tea shoot nutrient component from reducing or running off;
2. adopt useless bamboo bits and plant powdered carbon, there is the good function that de-tastes, clean environment firendly;
3. bamboo vinegar itself has high osmosis and bacteria resistance function, make human and animal excreta, the effect of edible fungi residue performance permeable synergistic after bamboo vinegar, plant charcoal and straw decomposing microbial inoculum, fermentation by proportioning of the present invention, can impel active component in microorganism system to play a role, increase the pest effect of organic manure of the present invention; At each component performance synergistic function of being convenient to make in storage prevents effect reduction fertilizer;
4. the formulated component of organic matter mainly combines the actual conditions of domestic enterprise, turns waste into wealth, for local bamboo product product man or planting base, fishes and shrimps pond have solved rubbish reuse problem.
More preferably, described organic matter is made successively according to the following steps:
(1) mud and water absorbing agent are made to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1-0.3mm after 20-40:1 mix and blend in mass ratio, obtain silt slag;
(2) in fresh human and animal excreta, add the dry and soft bark of the peat composed of rotten mosses, 3-6%, the 1-4% quick rotting agent heap fermentation of 5-8%, start turning during to 40-48 ℃ until temperature rise, then continue fermentation and keep 3-5 days at 55-60 ℃, in the time that being down to 20-30 ℃, temperature ferments, the human and animal excreta sieving after being fermented;
(3) by weight the human and animal excreta 15-40 part after bamboo vinegar 1-4 part, starch-acrylate graft copolymer 1-3 part, straw decomposing microbial inoculum 15-40 part, fermentation, edible fungi residue 10-18 part, useless bamboo bits 3-6 part, plant powdered carbon 2-5 part, silt slag 5-10 part, bone meal 4-6 part, dregs of beans 4-9 part are mixed and obtains organic matter.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. prepare silt slag and fermentation human and animal excreta according to the inventive method, can utilize in maximum efficiency the composition in nutrient and the microorganism fermentation system in mud, and mix with all the other compositions and microorganism system according to specific ratio, obtain excellent organic matter;
2. add the peat composed of rotten mosses and dry and soft bark in improving fermentation active ingredient and accelerated fermentation processes, can promote environmental quality.
More preferably, described water absorbing agent is that polyamide and bentonite in powder are mixed according to 1-2:1.
In sum, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, tea leaf quality is excellent;
2, tea-leaf safety is guaranteed;
3, tealeaves volume increase;
4, tea place income promotes;
5, protection tea place ecology.
Embodiment
The Anji main implementation method of white tea ecological efficient culture technique is as follows:
1, the trench digging of leveling land: start smooth mountain region in annual November, do furrow, the specification of furrow is: the wide 50-60cm of the long 50-60cm* of ditch; Subsoil is rolled up;
2, basal dressing: use sufficient base manure in ditch, select fertilizer 200kg for every mu, farmyard manure 2000kg, covers surface soil in ditch, keeps ditch depth at 30-36cm after earthing, then prepares to transplant tea shoot;
3, tea shoot is transplanted: tea shoot will be ensured the quality of products, and meets garden specification.Plant 2-3 strain for every clump, transplanting tea shoot is wanted lifting on one side, plants on one side, is with soil as far as possible and does not damage root system, can improve like this survival rate.Tea shoot moves in ditch, keeps the original attitude of root system, and root system is unfolded, and earthing limit, limit tracks tramping, and cake exceeds tea shoot and originally buried about the 7cm of vestige place, covers into ditch shape, to water next time and receive rainwater.The plantation of single file strip columnwise, line-spacing 150-170cm, clump is apart from 26-33cm.
4, interplanting economic forest: tea place interplanting commodity trees, the commodity trees such as tealeaves row interplant Chinese torreya, Chinese yew, jujube tree, car li son, rationally interplant according to physical features and kind.General Chinese yew 30-40 plant/acre, Chinese torreya 20-30 plant/acre, car li son, jujube tree Chinese torreya 20-25 plant/acre, rational close planting, both for tea tree is blocked a part of sunlight, windproof solid soil, promotes the white tea quality in Anji, has opened up another road again for tea place increases income.
In the time that needs are prepared osmanthus flower tea, commodity trees are selected osmanthus fragrans, in the March in the same year of transplanting the white tea tea shoot in Anji, are digging the hole that the degree of depth is 40-50cm with described tea shoot at a distance of 60-80cm place, plantation sweet osmanthus sapling in hole, follow-up management carries out pruning to osmanthus fragrans:
(1) part sprouting just sprouted or when part young sprout has just started pumping except sprouting, bud picking:
(2) part is just carried out pinching at mushroom young sprout, turned round the tip; Described pinching is the tender part of children of extracing part young sprout tip, controls young sprout growing height, promotes that branch is aging, stimulates the mitogenetic of side shoot; Turning round the tip is that the young sprout of part semi-lignified is sprained, and by the conducting tissue of damage xylem, weakens the growth potential of this branch, and retains the photosynthetic function of this branch blade;
(3) cutting back, retraction and dredge and delete: need to prune by training the sweet osmanthus seedling aging branch of growing; Described cutting back is that annual branch is cut off to a part, to reduce the quantity of bud on this branch, concentrates nutrient, promotes the thick and branch of the increasing of branch, stimulates clip bud pumping enriching shoot.
5, tea place initial management: one, biennial tea shoot, to be both afraid of to do, Keep away from sun again, promote its tachyauxesis, must catch the water conservation that removes weeds and protects seedling, ploughs shallowly, topdresses in good time, shelters from heat or light, the work in every such as irrigation.After 3-5, tea tree can become age, starts to go into operation, and 5-7 can enter high yield period.
6, become tea garden management in age: the harvesting-fertilising-pruning-extermination of disease and insect pest-defloration-fertilising-envelope garden.
(1) pluck: the white tea in Anji is plucked generally in March-April, and standard of plucking is bud one leaf, or two leaves and a bud, pluck necessary standard, can not be different in size, when harvesting, must break the tender stalk of tealeaves by hand, unavailable nail is pinched.Premature eruption is early plucked, and the uniform tender tip is adopted to the greatest extent.
(2) fertilising: spring tea is plucked and finishes rear fertilising once, take fertilizer (dish cake fertilizer) as main, ditching-fertilizing, covers with soil after executing, every mu of application of organic fertilizers 150kg left and right.
(3) prune: after fertilising, immediately tea tree is deeplyd prune or deep pruning, summer autumn tea is not adopted, and strengthen fertile training management, allow its self-sow, the branch of new pumping can grow to 60-70cm through the two seasons growth of autumn in summer, form the tree crown of solid type, to spring in next year each branch all can grow from top to bottom many bud heads, thereby form the picking surface of solid type.
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: mainly, with physics, biological control tea place damage by disease and insect, use if desired the biopesticide of low toxicity and low residue to prevent and treat.
7, interplanting economic forest management: the management of economic forest and tea garden management carry out respectively, because economic forest fruit tree mature period difference, same seeds answer unified management, different tree species separate management, and Pest management can utilize the biology in tea place, physical control means to carry out simultaneously.The work such as fertilising, picking fruit are taken measures as the case may be.
After tea shoot moves in ditch, earthing soil used is matrix soil, is mixed by matrix and rural area soil or clay;
Matrix soil formula 1:
Be by weight percentage: matrix 35%, rural area soil 65%;
Matrix total porosity 65-70%, unit weight 0.55-0.65g/cm
3; Matrix comprises organic matter and inanimate matter, and inanimate matter comprises perlite and calcium sulphate.
Matrix comprises by weight: organic 70-75%, wherein nitrogen: 1.5-2.5%, and phosphorus: 2-3%, potassium: 2.5-3.5%, trace magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron is 0.05-0.07% altogether; Inanimate matter 25-30%;
The pH:6.5-6.8 of matrix, conductivity: 2-3, cation exchange capacity: >=100;
Organic matter comprises 15 parts of 25 parts of human and animal excretas, edible fungi residues, 5 parts, useless bamboo bits, 3 parts of plant powdered carbons, 8 parts, mud, 5 parts of bone meal, 6 parts of the dregs of beans after 3 parts of bamboo vinegars, 2 parts of starch-acrylate graft copolymers, 20 parts of straw decomposing microbial inoculums, fermentation.
Matrix soil formula 2:
Be by weight percentage: matrix 25-30%, clay 70-75%;
Matrix total porosity 55-60%, unit weight 0.5-0.6g/cm
3; Matrix comprises organic matter and inanimate matter, and inanimate matter comprises perlite and calcium sulphate.
Matrix comprises by weight: organic 60-70%, wherein nitrogen: 1-2%, and phosphorus: 1.5-2.5%, potassium: 2-3%, trace magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron is 0.02-0.03% altogether; Inanimate matter 30-40%;
The pH:6.5-6.8 of matrix, conductivity: 1.5-2.5, cation exchange capacity: >=100;
Organic matter comprises 10 parts of 15 parts of human and animal excretas, edible fungi residues, 3 parts, useless bamboo bits, 2 parts of plant powdered carbons, 5 parts of silt slags, 4 parts of bone meal, 4 parts of the dregs of beans after 1 part of bamboo vinegar, 1 part of starch-acrylate graft copolymer, 15 parts of straw decomposing microbial inoculums, fermentation.
Matrix soil formula 3:
Be by weight percentage: matrix 35-45%, clay 55-65%;
Matrix total porosity 65-70%, unit weight 0.6-0.7g/cm
3; Matrix comprises organic matter and inanimate matter, and inanimate matter comprises perlite and calcium sulphate.
Matrix comprises by weight: organic 70-80%, wherein nitrogen: 2-3%, and phosphorus: 2.5-3.5%, potassium: 3-4%, trace magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron is 0.07-0.08% altogether; Inanimate matter 20-30%;
The pH:6.5-6.8 of matrix, conductivity: 2.5-3.5, cation exchange capacity: >=100;
Organic matter comprises 18 parts of 40 parts of human and animal excretas, edible fungi residues, 6 parts, useless bamboo bits, 5 parts of plant powdered carbons, 0 part of silt slag, 6 parts of bone meal, 9 parts of the dregs of beans after 4 parts of bamboo vinegars, 3 parts of starch-acrylate graft copolymers, 40 parts of straw decomposing microbial inoculums, fermentation.
Embodiment mono-
Organic matter is made successively according to the following steps:
Shrimp pool mud and water absorbing agent are made to the particle that particle diameter is 0.2mm after 30:1 mix and blend in mass ratio, obtain silt slag; Water absorbing agent is that polyamide and bentonite in powder are mixed according to 1.5:1;
In fresh human and animal excreta, add 6% the peat composed of rotten mosses, 5% dry and soft bark, 3% quick rotting agent heap fermentation, in the time of temperature rise to 45 ℃, start turning, then continue fermentation and keep 4 days at 58 ℃, in the time that temperature is down to 25 ℃, having fermented, the human and animal excreta sieving after being fermented;
Then mix preparation matrix soil by formula 1.
Embodiment bis-
Organic matter is made successively according to the following steps:
Fish pond mud and water absorbing agent are made to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1mm after 20:1 mix and blend in mass ratio, obtain silt slag; Water absorbing agent is that polyamide and bentonite in powder are mixed according to 1:1;
In fresh human and animal excreta, add 5% the peat composed of rotten mosses, 3% dry and soft bark, 1% quick rotting agent heap fermentation, in the time of temperature rise to 40 ℃, start turning, then continue fermentation and keep 3 days at 55 ℃, in the time that temperature is down to 20 ℃, having fermented, the human and animal excreta sieving after being fermented.
Then be mixed with matrix soil by formula 2.
Embodiment tri-
Organic matter is made successively according to the following steps:
Soft-shelled turtle pool mud and water absorbing agent are made to the particle that particle diameter is 0.3mm after 40:1 mix and blend in mass ratio, obtain silt slag; Water absorbing agent is that polyamide and bentonite in powder are mixed according to 2:1;
In fresh human and animal excreta, add 8% the peat composed of rotten mosses, 6% dry and soft bark, 4% quick rotting agent heap fermentation, in the time of temperature rise to 48 ℃, start turning, then continue fermentation and keep 5 days at 60 ℃, in the time that temperature is down to 30 ℃, having fermented, the human and animal excreta sieving after being fermented.
Then be mixed with matrix soil by formula 3.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention; it is not limitation of the present invention; those skilled in the art are reading after this specification and can make to the present embodiment the modification that there is no creative contribution as required, but as long as within the scope of claim of the present invention, are all subject to the protection of Patent Law.
Claims (7)
1. the white tea ecological efficient in Anji cultivation method, is characterized in that comprising the following steps successively:
(1) construction of tea place ecology: open up take hillside, hills as main in Bai Cha tea place, Anji, mountain top, tea hill, the foot of the hill, hill-side keep tall and big high forest to cover, with water conservation, windproof solid soil;
(2) tea shoot is transplanted: before lifting, hold planting furrow successfully, apply base manure, fertile and soil is mixed thoroughly, above covers one deck table soil, then transplants the white tea tea shoot in Anji that meets garden specification; Plant about ditch depth 30-36cm; Plant 2-3 strain for every clump, transplanting tea shoot is wanted lifting on one side, plants on one side, is with soil as far as possible and does not damage root system to improve survival rate; Tea shoot moves in ditch, keeps the original attitude of root system, and root system is unfolded, and earthing limit, limit tracks tramping, and makes tea shoot exceed the tea shoot 5-10cm of vestige place that originally buried around, covers into ditch shape, to water next time and receive rainwater; The plantation of single file strip columnwise, line-spacing 150-170cm, clump is apart from 26-33cm;
(3) interplanting commodity trees: rationally interplant commodity trees according to physical features and kind, described commodity trees are one or more in Chinese torreya, Chinese yew, jujube tree, car li son or osmanthus fragrans;
(4) solid is stayed and is supported cultivation: one-tenth tea place in age is after spring tea harvesting finishes, immediately tea tree is deeplyd prune or deep pruning, summer autumn tea is not adopted, and strengthen fertile training management, allow its self-sow, the branch of new pumping, through two seasons of autumn in summer growing to 60-70cm, forms the tree crown of solid type, thus to spring in next year each branch grow from top to bottom the picking surface of many bud heads formation solid types;
(5) fertilizing management: general annual 2 times of Bai Cha tea place, Anji fertilising, annual spring tea is plucked and finishes rear fertilising once, and take fertilizer as main, ditching-fertilizing, covers with soil after executing, and covers to prune branch, every mu of application of organic fertilizers 150kg left and right; The growth in tea place of applying fertilizer for the second time stops substantially, enters the fertilising before of winter dormancy phase, and take fertilizer as main, amount of application is 150-200kg/ mu;
(6) extract camellia: annual autumn and winter season, tea tree blooms comparatively concentrated period, manual removal's camellia;
(7) pest management;
(8) envelope garden: spray tea tree antifreezing agent, carry out tea place Feng Yuan, until spring tea exploitation in next year.
2. the white tea ecological efficient in Anji according to claim 1 cultivation method, is characterized in that: the Chinese yew 30-40 plant/acre of described step (3) interplanting commodity trees, Chinese torreya 20-30 plant/acre, car li son or jujube tree 20-25 plant/acre, osmanthus fragrans 15-20 plant/acre.
3. the white tea ecological efficient in Anji according to claim 2 cultivation method, is characterized in that: described step (7) pest management comprises physics or biological control tea place damage by disease and insect; Physical control is with tea place solar insect-killing light, green plate or the trapping of yellow plate; Biological control is the flowers and fruits that utilize the tree growth of tealeaves interplanting, attracts the natural enemy of the sick worm in tea place.
4. the white tea ecological efficient in Anji according to claim 2 cultivation method, it is characterized in that: described commodity trees are osmanthus fragrans, in the March in the same year of transplanting the white tea tea shoot in Anji, digging at a distance of 60-80cm place the hole that the degree of depth is 40-50cm with described tea shoot, plantation sweet osmanthus sapling in hole, follow-up management carries out pruning to osmanthus fragrans:
(1) part sprouting just sprouted or when part young sprout has just started pumping except sprouting, bud picking:
(2) part is just carried out pinching at mushroom young sprout, turned round the tip; Described pinching is the tender part of children of extracing part young sprout tip, controls young sprout growing height, promotes that branch is aging, stimulates the mitogenetic of side shoot; Turning round the tip is that the young sprout of part semi-lignified is sprained, and by the conducting tissue of damage xylem, weakens the growth potential of this branch, and retains the photosynthetic function of this branch blade;
(3) cutting back, retraction and dredge and delete: need to prune by training the sweet osmanthus seedling aging branch of growing; Described cutting back is that annual branch is cut off to a part, to reduce the quantity of bud on this branch, concentrates nutrient, promotes the thick and branch of the increasing of branch, stimulates clip bud pumping enriching shoot.
5. according to the Anji white tea ecological efficient cultivation method described in claim 1-4 any one, it is characterized in that: after described step (2) tea shoot moves in ditch, earthing soil used is mixed by matrix and rural area soil or clay, be by weight percentage: matrix 25-45%, rural area soil or clay 55-75%; Described matrix comprises by weight: organic 60-80%, wherein nitrogen: 1-3%, and phosphorus: 1.5-3.5%, potassium: 2-4%, trace magnesium, calcium, iron, manganese and boron is 0.02-0.08% altogether; The pH of described matrix is 6.5-6.8; Described organic matter comprises human and animal excreta 15-40 part, edible fungi residue 10-18 part, useless bamboo bits 3-6 part, plant powdered carbon 2-5 part, silt slag 5-10 part, bone meal 4-6 part, the dregs of beans 4-9 part after bamboo vinegar 1-4 part, starch-acrylate graft copolymer 1-3 part, straw decomposing microbial inoculum 15-40 part, fermentation.
6. the white tea ecological efficient in Anji according to claim 5 cultivation method, is characterized in that: described organic matter is made successively according to the following steps:
(1) mud and water absorbing agent are made to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1-0.3mm after 20-40:1 mix and blend in mass ratio, obtain silt slag;
(2) in fresh human and animal excreta, add the dry and soft bark of the peat composed of rotten mosses, 3-6%, the 1-4% quick rotting agent heap fermentation of 5-8%, start turning during to 40-48 ℃ until temperature rise, then continue fermentation and keep 3-5 days at 55-60 ℃, in the time that being down to 20-30 ℃, temperature ferments, the human and animal excreta sieving after being fermented;
(3) by weight the human and animal excreta 15-40 part after bamboo vinegar 1-4 part, starch-acrylate graft copolymer 1-3 part, straw decomposing microbial inoculum 15-40 part, fermentation, edible fungi residue 10-18 part, useless bamboo bits 3-6 part, plant powdered carbon 2-5 part, silt slag 5-10 part, bone meal 4-6 part, dregs of beans 4-9 part are mixed and obtains organic matter.
7. the white tea ecological efficient in Anji according to claim 6 cultivation method, is characterized in that: described water absorbing agent is that polyamide and bentonite in powder are mixed according to 1-2:1.
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