CN103277265A - Anti-icing wind power blade and preparation method of anti-icing wind power blade - Google Patents
Anti-icing wind power blade and preparation method of anti-icing wind power blade Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-icing wind power blade and a preparation method of the anti-icing wind power blade. The anti-icing wind power blade comprises a monitoring system, a peripheral power supply and a blade body provided with a macromolecule electrothermal film, wherein the macromolecule electrothermal film is arranged between the surface of a suction surface shell body and the surface of a pressure surface shell body of the anti-icing wind power blade or between shell body layers of the anti-icing wind power blade in a clamped mode, and the macromolecule electrothermal film is controlled by the monitoring system through a wire to be connected or disconnected with the peripheral power supply. At the time of operation, the monitoring system monitors icing parameters of an environment where the blade body is located, the peripheral power supply is connected when the icing parameters meet preset icing conditions, the macromolecule electrothermal film is powered on to emit heat, the heat is transmitted to the surface of the blade body, and the blade body is prevented from icing. According to the anti-icing wind power blade and the preparation method of the anti-icing wind power blade, the anti-icing wind power blade can be prevented from icing in an online mode under the condition of no machine halt, non-planned machine halts can be reduced, and wind energy utilization efficiency of a wind machine in frigid weather is improved. The anti-icing wind power blade is simple in preparation technology, high in operability, and free from extra complex processes and devices. The preparation method can be used for preparing a large anti-icing wind power blade. The anti-icing wind power blade and the preparation method of the anti-icing wind power blade are beneficial to popularization and implementation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind electricity blade and preparation method thereof, is specifically a kind of anti-freeze wind electricity blade and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Wind energy is very important and reserves are huge safety, clear energy sources, wind-power electricity generation is the principal mode of Wind Power Utilization.The wind resource of China mainly is distributed in (northeast, northwest, North China) area, three Norths and the very large coastal area of moisture in the world of ice and snow, and environment is extremely severe.When wind power generating set is arranged on these areas, when wind electricity blade moves under zero centigrade and subzero cryogenic conditions, while as wet wet air, rainwater, ice and snow, particularly running into the supercooling water droplet, freezing phenomenon can occur.The ice formation issues of pneumatic equipment blades made is one of principal element affected its safety reliability.After the wind electricity blade icing, leaf surface structure, balance, deadweight etc. are impacted, can cause the aerofoil profile of pneumatic equipment blades made to change, affect the aerodynamic performance of wind energy conversion system, and then affect working life of blade, directly threaten safety and the efficiency of unit.At present also do not have ripe pneumatic equipment blades made to prevent the deicing technology, for the wind electricity blade icing, generally take to shut down and process, affected the normal operation of network system, limited the utilization to wind energy.Therefore, research cold area in winter particularly clammy regional wind electricity blade anti-freeze technology for wind energy turbine set and large scale wind power machine safe, economical, efficiently move and have great importance.
The icing problem of wind electricity blade receives much attention for a long time always; Current existing solution comprises several as follows: the anti-freeze method of logical hot air in one, employing circulation canal, or at the inner chamber of blade, fixing microwave oscillator is installed, utilize microwave energy to heat composite material and deicing.The method is subject to the restriction of blade structure, and the windward side that needs heat is little and thickness is thicker because of the thermal conductivity of material, especially undesirable for large-scale blade deicing effect.If heating-up temperature is too high, the heat distortion temperature of blade resin used is had high requirements and likely brings new problem, be difficult to promote in practice.Two, by the vane propeller-changing motor, make blade form to accelerate become after oar trembling of slowing down, or on blade, vibrator is installed, make at least a portion vibration of blade, shake off the icing method on blade.But these methods are because the amplitude of vibration is smaller, be difficult to the icing removal of root, if increase Oscillation Amplitude, larger impulsive load will be formed, whole wind powered generator system is impacted, reduce the working life of related components, thereby reduce the safety and reliability of wind power generating set.Three, utilization is installed inflatable air bag in the leading edge of blade and is realized anti-deicing, but the inflation of air bag can change the air dynamic behaviour of aerofoil profile or blade, and itself can be easy to fatigue and inefficacy at some ambient conditions lower gasbag.Four, adopt installation metallic conductor on the leading edge of aerofoil profile to utilize electric heating to prevent deicing, the deicing efficiency of this de-icing method is higher, but the metallic conduction in this method is known from experience the path that thunderbolt is provided, and easily causes blade to be struck by lightning and to lose efficacy.In addition, tend in addition by spraying hydrophobic coating at blade surface to reduce the surface hydrophilic performance to reach the method for anti-freeze purpose, but effect is undesirable, can only play certain anti-freeze effect, does not reach complete non-icing purpose.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of at the automatic control heating device near energising is set in the outer surface of blade body, under environment in temperature lower than apparent freezing point, can in the non-stop-machine situation of wind-driven generator, heat blade body, realize the anti-freeze wind electricity blade of this blade body surface icing protection; The preparation method of this anti-freeze wind electricity blade also is provided simultaneously.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technological scheme, and a kind of anti-freeze wind electricity blade, comprise supervisory system, the blade body be connected with wind-driven generator and power supply; The inner chamber of described blade body is formed by suction surface housing and the docking of pressure side housing, is connected with the shear web of this suction surface housing of a support and pressure side inner walls in its inner chamber; Its characteristics are: be folded with the polymer electric heating membrane with the external power control connection in surperficial or its shell layer of described suction surface housing and described pressure side housing; Described supervisory system is divided into monitoring cell and control unit; Described monitoring cell is an ambient temperature and humidity sensor and at least 1 blade surface temperature transducer; Wherein, the ambient temperature and humidity sensor is loaded on the top, cabin or its wheel hub of described wind-driven generator, described blade surface temperature transducer is loaded on the surface of shell that described blade inlet edge is provided with polymer electric heating membrane, monitors respectively the temperature on the residing ambient temperature of this blade body and humidity and blade body surface; Described control unit is arranged in the engine room cover of described wind-driven generator, is preset with critical icing value and the ice-formation condition of the described environment of this anti-freeze wind electricity blade in this control unit; When the ambient temperature and humidity monitored and blade surface temperature meet the described ice-formation condition of setting fully, control unit is controlled described power supply and is communicated with polymer electric heating membrane, and polymer electric heating membrane is switched on and heated; When in the ambient temperature and humidity monitored and blade surface temperature, any one does not meet the ice-formation condition of setting, control unit controls described power supply and polymer electric heating membrane disconnects, and stops its energising heating; Form described anti-freeze wind electricity blade.
Above-mentioned critical icing value comprises critical freezing temperature, critical icing humidity and critical protection temperature; Above-mentioned ice-formation condition be set as the residing ambient temperature of this blade body lower than described critical freezing temperature, envionmental humidity higher than described critical icing humidity and blade surface temperature lower than described critical protection temperature.
Above-mentioned suction surface housing and pressure side housing all pass through the integrated sandwiched structural member of Vacuum infusion molding process for core in the middle of being coated by inside panel and exterior skin; Wherein, exterior skin is identical with the thickness of inside panel, by 2～3 layers of glass fiber cloth paving, covers and forms; Described polymer electric heating membrane is between the outer surface of described exterior skin or this exterior skin glass outer fibre cloth and adjacent the 2nd layer of glass fiber cloth and one-body molded with exterior skin.
A side windward of above-mentioned blade body is blade inlet edge, and a leeward side is trailing edge; Described polymer electric heating membrane at least covers the part area that described pressure side housing and described suction surface housing are positioned at this blade inlet edge; Wherein, polymer electric heating membrane at least spreads and covers 1, its shape and the blade shell zone conformal covered; The thickness of every polymer electric heating membrane is 0.2～1mm.
Above-mentioned polymer electric heating membrane paving is covered multi-disc, and 2 electrodes are housed on every polymer electric heating membrane; Between the multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane, be connected in parallel; The voltage of described power supply is 90V～380V, and the specific power of every polymer electric heating membrane in this voltage range is 100～1000W/m
2.
In above-mentioned monitoring cell, ambient temperature and humidity sensor and blade surface temperature transducer are sent to the signal of its reception in control unit by wireless communication mode.Humiture transducer, programmable logic controller (PLC) and solid-state relay that above-mentioned control unit is joined by the order series winding form; Wherein
,humiture transducer receives by the blade surface temperature signal of above-mentioned blade surface temperature transducer output and ambient temperature signal and the envionmental humidity signal of above-mentioned ambient temperature and humidity sensor output by built-in wireless receiver, by transmission ends, is sent in programmable logic controller (PLC) after converting the physical signalling of its reception to electrical signal; Wherein, ice-formation condition is preset in described programmable logic controller (PLC), and this ice-formation condition comprises that the residing ambient temperature of its blade is less than default critical freezing temperature value and ambient humidity and is greater than default critical icing humidity value and blade surface temperature lower than critical protection temperature value
;when if the ambient temperature of described blade, ambient humidity and blade surface temperature meet above-mentioned ice-formation condition simultaneously, programmable logic controller (PLC) sends start signal by its output terminal to described solid-state relay, the contacting external power of this solid-state relay and being connected of polymer electric heating membrane; When if the ambient temperature of described blade or ambient humidity or blade surface temperature do not meet above-mentioned any one ice-formation condition, programmable logic controller (PLC) sends cut-off signals to solid-state relay, and this solid-state relay disconnects being connected of external power and described polymer electric heating membrane.
To achieve these goals, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned anti-freeze wind electricity blade, comprises that step is as follows:
1) use the composition member of the described blade body of Vacuum infusion molding process moulding; Comprise shear web, be provided with suction surface housing and the pressure side housing of polymer electric heating membrane;
2) by structure glue, the shear web of step 1) moulding, suction surface housing and pressure side case bonding are integrated, are shaped to the blank of described blade body; By its finishing and at its blade inlet edge and trailing edge position respectively hand stick with paste glass-fiber-fabric and carry out reinforcement;
3) to step 2) root of blade body blank cut and holed; Again at the external coating protective coating of its blade body;
4) wheel hub of the root of step 3) blade body and described wind-driven generator is affixed, and monitoring cell and control unit are installed thereon; Wherein, control unit is packed on the inwall of described cabin cover of wind power generator, is fixedly mounted with a conducting slip ring in wheel hub and engine room cover on the coupling shaft of generator amature; The main traverse line be connected with described polymer electric heating membrane by this conducting slip ring respectively with described control unit in solid-state relay tip side and the zero-power line established join, and connect and compose an energising or outage loop by this solid-state relay and external power live wire;
Wherein, the polymer electric heating membrane in step 1) is at least 1, and its thickness is 0.2～1mm, and at least paving is overlying on the part area of described suction surface housing and the close leading edge of described pressure side housing.Polymer electric heating membrane paving is covered with multi-disc, can spread and be overlying on easily the freeze surface of zone or whole housing of above-mentioned suction surface housing and pressure side housing; The multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane is connected in parallel on two main traverse lines by the spur traverse be connected separately with its two electrode respectively, and the periphery of adjacent 2 polymer electric heating membranes respectively leaves the space of 0～5mm.
The multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane also has the step that every polymer electric heating membrane and institute's fixed position thereof is numbered to sequence before paving is covered; According to the position of its number sorting be laid in successively the outer surface of described exterior skin or form the glass outer fibre cloth of this exterior skin and the second layer glass fiber cloth that is adjacent between, one-body molded by suction surface housing or the pressure side housing at Vacuum infusion molding process and its place.
Monitoring cell in step 4) is arranged with ambient temperature and humidity sensor and at least 1 blade surface temperature transducer; Wherein, the ambient temperature and humidity sensor is loaded on the top, cabin or wheel hub of described wind-driven generator, monitors the residing ambient temperature of this blade body and ambient humidity; The blade surface temperature transducer is loaded on the position that this blade body is provided with polymer electric heating membrane, monitors the temperature on its blade body surface; Also be provided with the programmable logic controller (PLC) and the humiture transducer that are connected in series with described solid-state relay in above-mentioned control unit; Wherein, humiture transducer receives ambient temperature signal and the envionmental humidity signal by the blade surface temperature signal of described blade surface temperature transducer output and the output of described ambient temperature and humidity sensor, by transmission ends, is sent in described programmable logic controller (PLC) after converting the physical signalling of its reception to electrical signal; Described ice-formation condition is preset in described programmable logic controller (PLC), and this ice-formation condition comprises that the residing ambient temperature of described blade is less than default critical freezing temperature value and ambient humidity and is greater than default critical icing humidity value and blade surface temperature lower than critical protection temperature value; When if the ambient temperature of described blade, ambient humidity and blade surface temperature meet described ice-formation condition simultaneously, programmable logic controller (PLC) sends start signal by its output terminal to described solid-state relay, the tip side connection external power of this solid-state relay and being connected of polymer electric heating membrane; When if the ambient temperature of described blade or ambient humidity or blade surface temperature do not meet above-mentioned any one ice-formation condition, programmable logic controller (PLC) sends cut-off signals to described solid-state relay, and the tip side of this solid-state relay disconnects being connected of external power and described polymer electric heating membrane.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows: 1) anti-freeze wind electricity blade provided by the invention, adopt polymer electric heating membrane to be heated, can cover the Zone Full of blade shell surface layer or the nearly surface layer of blade shell exterior skin or easy icing regional area, the polymer electric heating membrane heating evenly, heating efficiency is high and Security good, effectively realizes that blade surface is anti-freeze.2) polymer electric heating membrane and blade shell exterior skin by one-body molded together with resin-bonding, not fragile; Polymer electric heating membrane is continuous structure, even local area is damaged, does not affect its whole use, the working life that can improve this blade.3) thickness of polymer electric heating membrane used is 0.2～1mm, more frivolous while being molded in blade exterior skin surface or exterior skin, and only the slight leaf weight that increases, can not produce harmful effect to the aerodynamic configuration of blade.4) polymer electric heating membrane of the present invention, its power on/off is controlled by supervisory system; Ambient temperature and humidity and the blade surface temperature at this supervisory system monitoring blade place, when the ambient temperature at blade place is less than default freezing temperature value and ambient humidity and is greater than default icing humidity value, controlling power supply is communicated with polymer electric heating membrane, energising heating polymer electric heating membrane, effectively prevent that the surface of blade from freezing.Simultaneously, also can control polymer electric heating membrane and maintain in certain temperature range and heat under "on" position, avoid heating up too high, protection blade resin and coating for surface protection are not damaged.5) the present invention can realize anti-freezely online to wind electricity blade in non-stop-machine situation, has greatly reduced the non-programmed halt of wind-driven generator, guarantees that it provides lasting power supply under the cold climate condition, improves the wind energy utilization efficiency of wind energy conversion system.6) preparation method provided by the invention, when laying, directly with blade shell, to pass through ripe Vacuum infusion molding process one-body molded for polymer electric heating membrane, and without the additional complexity operation and use any large-scale and complicated device, technique is simple, can be applicable.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The circuit connection structure schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is the anti-freeze wind electricity blade of the present invention.
Fig. 2 be the anti-freeze wind electricity blade of the present invention along long to overall structure profile schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 be Fig. 2 A-A to cross-sectional view.
The B place partial structurtes enlarged view that Fig. 4 is Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the working principle schematic diagram between supervisory system, power supply and polymer electric heating membrane.
The moulding process flow chart that Fig. 6 is suction surface housing of the present invention or pressure side housing.
Embodiment
Anti-freeze wind electricity blade of the present invention, comprise supervisory system, the blade body be connected with wind-driven generator and power supply, the inner chamber of blade body is formed by suction surface housing and the docking of pressure side housing, is connected with the shear web of this suction surface housing of a support and pressure side inner walls in its inner chamber;
Wherein, be folded with polymer electric heating membrane at the outer surface of suction surface housing and pressure side housing or in forming the layers of reinforcement of housing; These polymer electric heating membrane two ends are provided with electrode, connect main traverse line by spur traverse and are connected with external power;
Supervisory system is divided into monitoring cell and control unit; Monitoring cell is an ambient temperature and humidity sensor and at least 1 blade surface temperature transducer; Wherein, the ambient temperature and humidity sensor is loaded on the top, cabin or its wheel hub of this wind-driven generator; The blade surface temperature transducer is loaded on the surface of shell that above-mentioned blade inlet edge is provided with polymer electric heating membrane; Ambient temperature and humidity sensor and blade surface temperature transducer are monitored respectively the temperature on the residing ambient temperature and humidity of this blade body and blade body surface.
Control unit is arranged in the engine room cover of this wind-driven generator, and this control unit is comprised of the humiture transducer be connected in series, programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC) and solid-state relay; Wherein, humiture transducer receives temperature signal, moisture signal and the blade body surface temperature signal that is gathered respectively this blade body environment of living in by ambient temperature and humidity sensor and blade surface temperature transducer in real time; Humiture transducer is sent in PLC after converting the physical signalling of received temperature and humidity to the standard electric signal, and PLC is processed it by good program prepared in advance; When ambient temperature and ambient humidity and blade surface temperature reach default critical icing value and ice-formation condition simultaneously, output DC24V voltage triggered solid-state relay after PLC processes, thereby control power supply and polymer electric heating membrane, connect, to polymer electric heating membrane energising heating; Once disappear higher than critical protection temperature or ice-formation condition when the blade surface temperature, be when in ambient temperature, ambient humidity and the blade surface temperature of blade, any one does not meet the ice-formation condition of setting, after processing, PLC turn-offs output contact, solid-state relay is quit work, thereby deenergization, no longer heat to polymer electric heating membrane; Form thus described anti-freeze wind electricity blade.
Wherein, good program prepared in advance is critical icing value and the ice-formation condition for different this anti-freeze wind electricity blades of environment set; Critical icing value comprises critical freezing temperature, critical icing humidity and critical protection temperature; Ice-formation condition be set as ambient temperature lower than critical freezing temperature, envionmental humidity higher than critical icing humidity and blade surface temperature lower than critical protection temperature.
Shear web is supported in the inner chamber of suction surface housing and pressure side housing docking formation, and the three all can adopt conventional Vacuum infusion molding process moulding; And then by structure glue, above-mentioned adhering components is integrated and forms described blade body; A side windward of this blade body is blade inlet edge, and a leeward side is trailing edge.
Wherein, suction surface housing and pressure side housing are all for being coated the sandwiched structural member of middle core by exterior skin and inside panel; Wherein, exterior skin and inside panel are laid and are formed by 2～3 layers of glass fiber cloth; Polymer electric heating membrane is at the outer surface of exterior skin or be located between the glass outer fibre cloth and adjacent second layer glass fiber cloth of this exterior skin, one-body molded by infusion epoxy resin under vacuum condition or unsaturated polyester resin.
Above-mentioned polymer electric heating membrane at least covers the part area that described pressure side housing and described suction surface housing are positioned at this blade inlet edge; This polymer electric heating membrane at least spreads and covers 1, its shape and the blade shell zone conformal covered; The thickness of every polymer electric heating membrane is 0.2～1mm.
When above-mentioned polymer electric heating membrane paving is covered multi-disc, the multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane is connected in parallel; The voltage of power supply used is 90V～380V, and the specific power of every polymer electric heating membrane in this voltage range is 100～1000W/m
2.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned anti-freeze wind electricity blade, comprises that step is as follows:
1) use the composition member of the described blade body of Vacuum infusion molding process moulding; Comprise shear web, be provided with suction surface housing and the pressure side housing of polymer electric heating membrane;
2) by structure glue, the shear web of step 1) moulding, suction surface housing and pressure side case bonding are integrated, are shaped to the blank of described blade body; By its finishing and at its blade inlet edge and trailing edge position respectively hand stick with paste glass-fiber-fabric and carry out reinforcement;
3) to step 2) root of reinforcement rear blade body cut and holed; Again at the external coating protective coating of its blade body;
4) wheel hub of the root of step 3) blade body and described wind-driven generator is affixed, and monitoring cell and control unit are installed thereon; Wherein, control unit is packed on the inwall of described cabin cover of wind power generator, is fixedly mounted with a conducting slip ring in wheel hub and engine room cover on the coupling shaft of generator amature; The main traverse line be connected with polymer electric heating membrane by this conducting slip ring respectively with control unit in solid-state relay tip side and the zero-power line established join, and connect and compose an energising or outage loop by this solid-state relay and external power live wire;
Wherein, the polymer electric heating membrane in step 1) is at least 1, and at least paving is overlying on the part area of described suction surface housing and the close leading edge of described pressure side housing; The thickness of every polymer electric heating membrane is identical, is 0.2～1mm, is connected to 2 electrodes on it, and every polymer electric heating membrane is connected on two main traverse lines by the spur traverse joined with two electrode.
When polymer electric heating membrane paving is covered multi-disc, can spread and be overlying on easily the freeze surface of zone or whole housing of above-mentioned suction surface housing and pressure side housing; The multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane is connected in parallel on two main traverse lines by the spur traverse be connected separately with its two electrode respectively, and the periphery of adjacent 2 polymer electric heating membranes can leave gap, also can be close to lay; Its gap is less than or equal to 5mm.
When paving is covered the multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane, each sheet polymer electric heating membrane and position thereof are numbered to sequence; According to the special position of its number sorting be laid in successively the outer surface of this exterior skin or form the glass outer fibre cloth of this exterior skin and the second layer glass fiber cloth that is adjacent between, one-body molded by suction surface housing or the pressure side housing at Vacuum infusion molding process and its place.Every polymer electric heating membrane is connected in parallel with two main traverse lines respectively by the spur traverse joined with its two electrode; By main traverse line and external power, join again.
In step 1), Vacuum infusion molding process used is prior art, moulding shear web respectively, the suction surface housing that is folded with polymer electric heating membrane and pressure side housing;
When the suction surface housing of above-mentioned blade body and the moulding of pressure side housing, polymer electric heating membrane paving be overlying on suction surface housing and pressure side housing near the part area of leading edge, easy the freeze surface of zone or whole suction surface housing and pressure side housing.
In step 3), structure glue used is epoxy structural rubber; Step 3) protective coating used is the polyurethane protective coating system that blade is commonly used.
Monitoring cell in step 4) is arranged with ambient temperature and humidity sensor and at least 1 blade surface temperature transducer; Wherein, the ambient temperature and humidity sensor is loaded on the top, cabin or wheel hub of described wind-driven generator, monitors the residing ambient temperature of this blade body and humidity; The blade surface temperature transducer is loaded on the position that this blade body is provided with polymer electric heating membrane, monitors the temperature on its blade body surface; Also be provided with the programmable logic controller (PLC) and the humiture transducer that are connected in series with described solid-state relay in above-mentioned control unit; Wherein, humiture transducer receives ambient temperature signal and the envionmental humidity signal by the blade surface temperature signal of described blade surface temperature transducer output and the output of described ambient temperature and humidity sensor, by transmission ends, is sent in described programmable logic controller (PLC) after converting the physical signalling of its reception to electrical signal; Described ice-formation condition is preset in described programmable logic controller (PLC), and this ice-formation condition comprises that the residing ambient temperature of described blade is less than default critical freezing temperature value and ambient humidity and is greater than default critical icing humidity value and blade surface temperature lower than critical protection temperature value; When if the ambient temperature of described blade, ambient humidity and blade surface temperature meet described ice-formation condition simultaneously, programmable logic controller (PLC) sends start signal by its output terminal to described solid-state relay, the tip side connection external power of this solid-state relay and being connected of polymer electric heating membrane; When if the ambient temperature of described blade or ambient humidity or blade surface temperature do not meet above-mentioned any one ice-formation condition, programmable logic controller (PLC) sends cut-off signals to described solid-state relay, and the tip side of this solid-state relay disconnects being connected of external power and described polymer electric heating membrane.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technological scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3 shows, anti-freeze blade of the present invention comprises blade body 1, blade surface temperature transducer 2, ambient temperature and humidity sensor 3, control unit 4, power supply 5, polymer electric heating membrane 6, electrode 7, main traverse line 8, spur traverse 9, suction surface housing 10, pressure side housing 11, shear web 12, blade inlet edge 13, trailing edge 14 and wire 16.
Wherein, blade body 1 is bonded as one it to form by the employing epoxy structural rubber by suction surface housing 10, pressure side housing 11 and shear web 12; A side windward of this blade body 1 is blade inlet edge 13, and a leeward side is trailing edge 14; Multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane 6 can in parallel be layed in the part of blade inlet edge 13 outer surfaces; Part between the second layer glass fiber cloth that also can be located in blade inlet edge 13 exterior skin outermost surface glass fiber cloths and be adjacent; at least cover blade suction surface housing and the pressure side housing part area near leading edge; one-body molded by Vacuum infusion molding process and exterior skin; polymer electric heating membrane 6 strengthens the resin layer protection by the outermost surface glass fiber cloth; can make its invasion and attack of avoiding external environment, the working life of effectively improving blade body 1.
In this example, be provided with the polymer electric heating membrane 6 of 5 rectangles in the suction surface housing, be layed in the position of blade inlet edge 13, the two ends of the side that every polymer electric heating membrane 6 is parallel with the length of blade direction are provided with 2 absolute electrodes 7, by spur traverse 9, are connected on 2 main traverse lines 8 that are connected with power supply 5 both positive and negative polarities; After 5 polymer electric heating membranes 6 are in parallel and power supply 5 formation one loops; Power supply 5 is connected with control unit 4 by wire 16; According to the easy icing position difference of blade body, polymer electric heating membrane 6 can be made as rectangle, can be also other arbitrary shape with blade shell surface layer conformal.Leave gap between adjacent two polymer electric heating membranes 6, also can dock fully.
The shape of multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane 6 and size can be identical, also can be different, and in this example, polymer electric heating membrane 6 is rectangular shape, at the two ends of each polymer electric heating membrane one side, electrode 7 is housed respectively; The electrode of multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane 6 is drawn respectively with two main traverse lines 8 and is connected in parallel by spur traverse 9; Article two, main traverse line 8 by the conducting slip ring on the coupling shaft that is packed in generator amature in wheel hub and engine room cover respectively with control unit 4 in solid-state relay 43 tip sides and the zero-power line established join, and connect and compose an energising or outage loop by this solid-state relay and external power live wire.The conducting slip ring that the model that in the present embodiment, conducting slip ring used selects Shenzhen Sen Ruipu Electronics Co., Ltd. to produce is SNF030-0330.
In pressure side housing in the present embodiment, identical in polymer electric heating membrane 6, monitoring cell 2,3 and connection and suction surface housing and position is corresponding.
The present invention's supply voltage used is 90 ~ 380V, in this voltage range, is molded into the specific power of the polymer electric heating membrane in blade at 100 ~ 1000W/m
2between.Risk of icing degree difference according to the leaf area at every polymer electric heating membrane place, the specific power of the polymer electric heating membrane that each is regional can be set to identical or different, the zone that risk of icing is higher can adopt the relatively large polymer electric heating membrane of specific power, and the low zone of risk of icing adopts the lower polymer electric heating membrane of specific power.In the situation that ABAP Adapter is 90V, the specific power minimum of the polymer electric heating membrane in the blade table surface layer is no more than 100 W/m
2, in the situation that ABAP Adapter is 380V, the specific power maximum of the polymer electric heating membrane in the blade table surface layer is no more than 1000 W/m
2.
Sandwiched structure between exterior skin and inside panel comprises conventional blade main bearing beam, cork wood sandwich material and the PVC sandwich material used.
Blade surface temperature transducer 2 and ambient temperature and humidity sensor 3 form monitoring cell, wherein blade surface temperature transducer 2 at least is equipped with 1, be equipped with 4 in this example, respectively be equipped with 2 on suction surface housing 10 and pressure side housing 11, be contained in respectively on the surface of exterior skin that blade inlet edge 13 is provided with polymer electric heating membrane 6; Ambient temperature and humidity sensor 3 is contained in outside the cabin of wind-driven generator, also can be contained on the wheel hub of wind-driven generator; Blade surface temperature transducer 2 and ambient temperature and humidity sensor 3 gather respectively the temperature-humidity signal of blade body surface temperature signal and this blade body environment of living in, and the mode by wireless telecommunications is sent in control unit 4 by the signal of collection, controlled the break-make of power supply 5 and polymer electric heating membrane 6 by control unit 4.
The partial structurtes enlarged view of ordering for B in Fig. 3 as shown in Figure 4; Wherein, the suction surface housing is identical with the structure of pressure side housing, by exterior skin B1, therebetween core pattern construction layer B2 and inside panel B3, forms; Wherein, exterior skin B1 is identical with the laying depth of inside panel B3, all is covered with 3 layers of glass fiber cloth 15; Therebetween core pattern construction layer B2 comprises conventional blade main bearing beam, cork wood sandwich material and the PVC sandwich material used.
Its forming principle is: the polymer electric heating membrane 6 that is 0.3mm by 1 layer thickness is folded between the second layer glass fiber cloth that the exterior skin glass outer fibre cloth 15 of blade inlet edge is adjacent, and then adopting existing Vacuum infusion molding process one-body molded the outermost glass fiber cloth 15 of its exterior skin, polymer electric heating membrane 6, second layer glass fiber cloth and other reinforcing material is the suction surface housing of this blade or pressure side housing; Wherein, the resin of using in Vacuum infusion molding process is epoxy resin; Also available unsaturated polyester resin alternate collar epoxy resins.
Between outer surface due to polymer electric heating membrane 6 and blade shell exterior skin, only have 1 layer of glass fiber cloth 15 to be separated by, like this when the energising heating, the heat of polymer electric heating membrane 6 radiation can be delivered to blade surface fast, and it is less to the heat of blade interior transmission loss, thereby the raising efficiency of heating surface, avoid energy loss; The exterior skin of polymer electric heating membrane 6 and blade body combines together; the outer surface of polymer electric heating membrane 6 has 1 layer of glass fiber cloth to strengthen the resin layer protection; while avoiding the later stage to repair polishing and coating protection coating, polymer electric heating membrane 6 is caused to damage, can extend the working life of polymer electric heating membrane 6.In addition, polymer electric heating membrane 6 also can be laid in the part of exterior skin outermost surface glass fiber cloth 15 outer surfaces; Except arranging polymer electric heating membrane 6 at the blade inlet edge position, also can be according to the risk of icing degree difference of this blade different parts, easily icing position polymer electric heating membrane 6 is set at other; Also can be as required in the exterior skin layer of whole blade shell or the exterior skin surface be paved with polymer electric heating membrane 6.
As shown in Figure 5, be the working principle schematic diagram between supervisory system of the present invention, power supply and polymer electric heating membrane.Power supply 5 is switched on or switched off by supervisory system and controls with polymer electric heating membrane 6, and supervisory system is arranged with monitoring cell and control unit 4, and wherein, monitoring cell is arranged with ambient temperature and humidity sensor 3 and at least 1 blade surface temperature transducer 2; Humiture transducer 41, PLC 42 and solid-state relay 43 that control unit 4 is joined by order form.
In present embodiment, control unit 4 is arranged in cabin cover of wind power generator; According to the specific working environment of anti-freeze wind electricity blade of the present invention, set in advance critical icing value and the ice-formation condition of this anti-freeze wind electricity blade in control unit 4 for varying environment; Critical icing value comprises critical freezing temperature, critical icing humidity and critical protection temperature; Ice-formation condition be set as ambient temperature lower than critical freezing temperature, envionmental humidity higher than critical icing humidity and blade surface temperature lower than critical protection temperature; When ambient temperature and humidity and blade surface temperature meet the ice-formation condition of setting simultaneously, the PLC 42 in control unit 4 sends open command to solid-state relay 43, controls the contacting power supply 5 and polymer electric heating membrane 6 of solid-state relay 43; Otherwise, to solid-state relay 43, send the shutoff instruction, control being communicated with of its contact deenergization and polymer electric heating membrane 6.
Control that power supply 5 is communicated with polymer electric heating membrane 6 or the principle that disconnects is: blade surface temperature transducer 2 is provided with 4, and symmetry is arranged on easily icing suction surface housing and pressure side surface of shell of close blade inlet edge place respectively; 1 ambient temperature and humidity sensor 3 is arranged on the cabin of wind-driven generator or is arranged on the wheel hub be connected with the root of this blade body; Wherein, ambient temperature and humidity sensor 3 gathers temperature and the relative moisture of blade place environment, blade surface temperature transducer 2 gathers the temperature of blade surface, and the signal data that each sensor collects it at any time is sent in control unit 4 by the mode of wireless telecommunications; Humiture transducer 41 output line access PLC 42 analog input modules; PLC 42 each unit modules are connected by self-contained cable bus; Solid-state relay 43 input ends are connected to PLC 42 digital output terminals, and solid-state relay 43 output terminal one interfaces connect power firestreak, and another interface connects the main traverse line be connected with polymer electric heating membrane 6.
In present embodiment, the critical icing value of setting be critical freezing temperature be 0 ℃, critical icing humidity be 80% and critical protection temperature be 30 ℃; Ice-formation condition is set as ambient temperature≤0 ℃, envionmental humidity >=80%, and blade surface temperature<30 ℃; When the ambient temperature monitored, envionmental humidity and blade surface temperature meet ice-formation condition simultaneously, output DC24V voltage triggered solid-state relay 43 after PLC 42 processes, thereby controlling power supply 5 connects, to polymer electric heating membrane 6 energising heating, and heat is delivered to the surface of blade, the blade surface temperature rises, and prevents that blade from freezing.
After switching on power, control unit still receives blade surface temperature transducer 2 in real time, the output signal of ambient temperature and humidity sensor 3 is also analyzed judgement to it, when the blade surface temperature monitored, when ambient temperature and envionmental humidity have one not meet ice-formation condition, be the blade surface temperature higher than the relative moisture of 30 ℃ or environment lower than 80% or ambient temperature during higher than 0 ℃, after processing, PLC 42 exports cut-off signals, solid-state relay 43 is quit work, thereby controlling power supply 5 disconnects, stop polymer electric heating membrane being heated, prevent that the blade surface temperature from rising to that the too high resin to blade and protective coating have a negative impact or polymer electric heating membrane 6 still works on to save power supply energy while avoiding environment ice-formation condition to disappear.
According to the specific working environment of blade, also can in control unit 4, set critical icing value and the ice-formation condition for the varying environment wind electricity blade; When ambient temperature and humidity and blade surface temperature meet the ice-formation condition of setting simultaneously, control unit 4 is controlled power connections.
Each assembly used in monitoring cell in supervisory system of the present invention and control unit is commercially available prod; In the present embodiment, the wireless humiture sensor that ambient temperature and humidity sensor model number used is JCJ106; 4 identical PT100-GPRS radio temperature sensors for the blade surface temperature transducer.It is the KSW-R4 humiture transducer that humiture transducer used adopts model; It is 224XP CN that PLC adopts SIEMENS production, model, the programmable logic controller (PLC) of 214-2AD23-OXD8, and solid-state relay is selected G3NA-220B Omron solid-state relay.
As shown in Figure 6: in the preparation method of the anti-freeze wind electricity blade of the present invention, it is as follows that step 1) utilizes the Vacuum infusion molding process moulding to be folded with the specific operation of the suction surface housing of polymer electric heating membrane and pressure side housing:
1., mould pretreatment; Comprise the cleaning mould, repair smooth rear spraying releasing agent.
2., material is prepared; Except in the moulding of blade housing
,outside the essential glass fiber cloth of exterior skin, core, prefabricated girder, auxiliary material, select multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane, spur traverse and main traverse line; Wherein the shape of multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane, size and electrode extraction location preset according to treating that bunk is put; And to the polymer electric heating membrane number sorting of desired location.
3., cover, arrange main traverse line and connect the high molecular electrothermal membrane electrode, the step of core and girder and inside panel laying by exterior skin laying, polymer electric heating membrane paving;
At first lay exterior skin glass fiber cloth and polymer electric heating membrane, outside in the glass fiber cloth of exterior skin is followed successively by 1 layer of band felt three axle glass fiber cloth, 1 layer of three axle glass fiber cloth and 1 layer of twin shaft glass fiber cloth.According to number order, every polymer electric heating membrane is laid in successively to corresponding position on blade mold according to design drawing during laying, the lay mode of polymer electric heating membrane is identical with the lay mode of exterior skin glass fiber cloth, guarantees polymer electric heating membrane and mould or exterior skin glass fiber cloth conformal and surperficial corrugationless.All polymer electric heating membranes of lay are connected in parallel, and the other end that is about to every polymer electric heating membrane the two poles of the earth spur traverse is welded to respectively on two main traverse lines.When polymer electric heating membrane is laid in the outside of exterior skin outermost surface glass fiber cloth, article two, main traverse line stretches out mould in the position of distance blade root 3～5m from leading edge, one section by main traverse line near the mould leading edge seals separately with vacuum bag with the part of stretching out mould, and the leading edge adhesion zone is avoided in the position that after the demoulding of assurance blade, main traverse line is drawn from exterior skin.When polymer electric heating membrane is laid in the middle of which floor glass fiber cloth of exterior skin, article two, the exterior skin glass fiber cloth of main traverse line below polymer electric heating membrane is passed in the position of distance blade root 3～5m stretches out mould from leading edge, the part that main traverse line is reached to the part below exterior skin outermost surface glass fiber cloth and stretch out mould seals separately with vacuum bag, in order to avoid this part advances resin and can't separate with blade shell after causing the demoulding in when perfusion, guarantee that the position that main traverse line is drawn from exterior skin after the blade demoulding avoids the leading edge adhesion zone simultaneously.Guarantee polymer electric heating membrane and lay in its lower section the exterior skin glass fiber cloth at the main traverse line extraction location to leaf root part all after and corrugationless sturdy with mould, remaining other glass fiber cloth of lay exterior skin, and then lay core and prefabricated girder, last lay inside panel glass fiber cloth.
4., lay the auxiliary material system and gum-injecting port be set and vacuum pumping opening;
The demoulding cut is covered with to the outer surface that is layered on blade suction surface housing preshaped body and pressure side housing preshaped body, lay flow-guiding cloth, injected rubber hose and air pipe equal vacuum at the release cloth upper surface and import the moulding technology auxiliary material, and gum-injecting port and vacuum pumping opening are set in die cavity.
5., the vacuum bag film seals and checks tightness;
Finally with the vacuum bag film, seal whole blade preshaped body and auxiliary material system, the seal pouring mouth also is connected bleeding point with vacuum pump, then vacuumize and check the tightness of closed system, guarantees that tightness reaches requirement.
6., prepare resin perfusion
Resin system is mixed and carry out the deaeration processing, then opening gum-injecting port adopts negative pressure of vacuum to be injected in the preshaped body of blade shell resin system, close gum-injecting port after this formed body of resin thorough impregnation, and continue to vacuumize the degree of vacuum kept in the moulding closed system; Wherein resin can adopt epoxy resin or unsaturated polyester resin, the best epoxy resin that uses.
7., solidifying and reprocessing
The system of having poured into is heated up by setup program and solidifies until completion of cure carries out suction surface housing and the pressure side housing that the reprocessings such as the demoulding, finishing obtain blade after having solidified.
Claims (10)
1. an anti-freeze wind electricity blade, comprise supervisory system, the blade body be connected with wind-driven generator and power supply; The inner chamber of described blade body is formed by suction surface housing and the docking of pressure side housing, is connected with the shear web of this suction surface housing of a support and pressure side inner walls in its inner chamber; It is characterized in that: be folded with the polymer electric heating membrane with the external power control connection in surperficial or its shell layer of described suction surface housing and described pressure side housing; Described supervisory system is divided into monitoring cell and control unit; Described monitoring cell is an ambient temperature and humidity sensor and at least 1 blade surface temperature transducer; Wherein, the ambient temperature and humidity sensor is loaded on the top, cabin or its wheel hub of described wind-driven generator, described blade surface temperature transducer is loaded on the surface of shell that described blade inlet edge is provided with polymer electric heating membrane, monitors respectively the temperature on the residing ambient temperature and humidity of this blade body and blade body surface; Described control unit is arranged in the engine room cover of described wind-driven generator, is preset with critical icing value and the ice-formation condition of the described environment of this anti-freeze wind electricity blade in this control unit; When the ambient temperature and humidity monitored and blade surface temperature meet the described ice-formation condition of setting fully, control unit is controlled described power supply and is communicated with polymer electric heating membrane, and polymer electric heating membrane is switched on and heated; When in the ambient temperature and humidity monitored and blade surface temperature, any one does not meet the described ice-formation condition of setting, control unit controls described power supply and polymer electric heating membrane disconnects, and stops its energising heating; Form described anti-freeze wind electricity blade.
2. anti-freeze wind electricity blade as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described critical icing value comprises critical freezing temperature, critical icing humidity and critical protection temperature; Described ice-formation condition be set as the residing ambient temperature of this blade body lower than critical freezing temperature, envionmental humidity higher than critical icing humidity and blade surface temperature lower than critical protection temperature.
3. anti-freeze wind electricity blade as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described suction surface housing and described pressure side housing all for core in the middle of being coated by inside panel and exterior skin by the integrated sandwiched structural member of Vacuum infusion molding process; Wherein, exterior skin is identical with the thickness of inside panel, by 2～3 layers of glass fiber cloth paving, covers and forms; Described polymer electric heating membrane is between the outer surface of described exterior skin or this exterior skin glass outer fibre cloth and adjacent the 2nd layer of glass fiber cloth and one-body molded with exterior skin.
4. anti-freeze wind electricity blade as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: a side windward of described blade body is blade inlet edge, and a leeward side is trailing edge; Described polymer electric heating membrane at least covers the part area that described pressure side housing and described suction surface housing are positioned at this blade inlet edge; This polymer electric heating membrane at least spreads and covers 1, its shape and the blade shell zone conformal covered; The thickness of every polymer electric heating membrane is 0.2～1mm.
5. anti-freeze wind electricity blade as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described polymer electric heating membrane paving is covered multi-disc, and 2 electrodes are housed on every polymer electric heating membrane; Between the multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane, be connected in parallel; The voltage of described power supply is 90V～380V, and the specific power of every polymer electric heating membrane in this voltage range is 100～1000W/m
2.
6. anti-freeze wind electricity blade as described as claim 1-5 any one is characterized in that: humiture transducer, programmable logic controller (PLC) and solid-state relay that described control unit is joined by the order series winding form; Wherein
,humiture transducer receives ambient temperature signal and the envionmental humidity signal by the blade surface temperature signal of described blade surface temperature transducer output and the output of described ambient temperature and humidity sensor, by transmission ends, is sent in described programmable logic controller (PLC) after converting the physical signalling of its reception to electrical signal; Described ice-formation condition is preset in described programmable logic controller (PLC), and this ice-formation condition comprises that the residing ambient temperature of described blade is less than default critical freezing temperature value and ambient humidity and is greater than default critical icing humidity value and blade surface temperature lower than critical protection temperature value; When if the ambient temperature of described blade, ambient humidity and blade surface temperature meet described ice-formation condition simultaneously, programmable logic controller (PLC) sends start signal by its output terminal to described solid-state relay, the contacting external power of this solid-state relay and being connected of polymer electric heating membrane; When if the ambient temperature of described blade or ambient humidity or blade surface temperature do not meet above-mentioned any one ice-formation condition, programmable logic controller (PLC) sends cut-off signals to described solid-state relay, and this solid-state relay disconnects being connected of external power and described polymer electric heating membrane.
7. the preparation method of the described anti-freeze wind electricity blade of claim 1～6 any one comprises that step is as follows:
1) use the composition member of the described blade body of Vacuum infusion molding process moulding; Comprise shear web, be provided with suction surface housing and the pressure side housing of polymer electric heating membrane; Described polymer electric heating membrane is connected with main traverse line by the spur traverse joined with it;
2) by structure glue, the shear web of step 1) moulding, suction surface housing and pressure side case bonding are integrated, are shaped to the blank of described blade body; By its finishing and at its blade inlet edge and trailing edge position respectively hand stick with paste glass-fiber-fabric and carry out reinforcement;
3) to step 2) root of described blade body blank after reinforcement cut and holed; Again at the external coating protective coating of its blade body;
4) wheel hub of the root of step 3) blade body and described wind-driven generator is affixed, and monitoring cell and control unit are installed thereon; Wherein, control unit is packed on the inwall of described cabin cover of wind power generator, is fixedly mounted with a conducting slip ring in wheel hub and engine room cover on the coupling shaft of generator amature; The main traverse line be connected with described polymer electric heating membrane by this conducting slip ring respectively with described control unit in solid-state relay tip side and the zero-power line established join, and connect and compose an energising or outage loop by this solid-state relay and external power live wire;
Wherein, the described polymer electric heating membrane of step 1) is at least 1, and its thickness is 0.2～1mm, and at least paving is overlying on the part area of described suction surface housing and the close leading edge of described pressure side housing.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: described polymer electric heating membrane paving is covered with multi-disc, and paving is overlying on easily the freeze surface of zone or whole housing of described suction surface housing and described pressure side housing; The multi-disc polymer electric heating membrane is connected in parallel on two main traverse lines by the spur traverse be connected separately with its two electrode respectively, and the periphery of adjacent 2 polymer electric heating membranes respectively leaves the space of 0～5mm.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that: the described monitoring cell of step 4) is arranged with ambient temperature and humidity sensor and at least 1 blade surface temperature transducer; Wherein, the ambient temperature and humidity sensor is loaded on the top, cabin or wheel hub of described wind-driven generator, monitors the residing ambient temperature of this blade body and ambient humidity; The blade surface temperature transducer is loaded on the position that this blade body is provided with polymer electric heating membrane, monitors the temperature on its blade body surface; Also be provided with the programmable logic controller (PLC) and the humiture transducer that are connected in series with described solid-state relay in described control unit; Wherein, humiture transducer receives ambient temperature signal and the envionmental humidity signal by the blade surface temperature signal of described blade surface temperature transducer output and the output of described ambient temperature and humidity sensor, by transmission ends, is sent in described programmable logic controller (PLC) after converting the physical signalling of its reception to electrical signal; Described ice-formation condition is preset in described programmable logic controller (PLC), and this ice-formation condition comprises that the residing ambient temperature of described blade is less than default critical freezing temperature value and ambient humidity and is greater than default critical icing humidity value and blade surface temperature lower than critical protection temperature value; When if the ambient temperature of described blade, ambient humidity and blade surface temperature meet described ice-formation condition simultaneously, programmable logic controller (PLC) sends start signal by its output terminal to described solid-state relay, the tip side connection external power of this solid-state relay and being connected of polymer electric heating membrane; When if the ambient temperature of described blade or ambient humidity or blade surface temperature do not meet above-mentioned any one ice-formation condition, programmable logic controller (PLC) sends cut-off signals to described solid-state relay, and the tip side of this solid-state relay disconnects being connected of external power and described polymer electric heating membrane.
10. the preparation method of anti-freeze wind electricity blade as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: the described polymer electric heating membrane of multi-disc also has the step that every polymer electric heating membrane and institute's fixed position thereof is numbered to sequence before paving is covered; According to the position of its number sorting be laid in successively the outer surface of described exterior skin or form the glass outer fibre cloth of this exterior skin and the second layer glass fiber cloth that is adjacent between, one-body molded by suction surface housing or the pressure side housing at Vacuum infusion molding process and its place.
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