CN103238440A - Method for reducing cadmium pollution risk for rape - Google Patents
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- CN103238440A CN103238440A CN2013101817015A CN201310181701A CN103238440A CN 103238440 A CN103238440 A CN 103238440A CN 2013101817015 A CN2013101817015 A CN 2013101817015A CN 201310181701 A CN201310181701 A CN 201310181701A CN 103238440 A CN103238440 A CN 103238440A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for reducing cadmium pollution risk for rape. According to the method, clay mineral sepiolite or montmorillonite and organic fertilizer chicken manure are applied to middle-level and mild cadmium pollution vegetable fields and are fully evenly mixed; cadmium-rejecting rape breed Hualv Number Two is planted after stabilization for 10-30 days so as to remarkably reduce the cadmium pollution risk for the rape. According to the method, the cadmium-rejecting rape breed and a soil passivator having high passivation capability on cadmium pollution are combined, the cadmium-rejecting rape breed has the advantage of low cadmium accumulation amount; the clay mineral and the organic fertilizer can remarkably reduce content of effective state cadmium of the soil by adsorption, ion exchange and complex reaction, and soil self-cleaning capability and soil fertility conditions are improved simultaneously. By combining the cadmium-rejecting rape breed, the soil passivator, the clay mineral and the organic fertilizer, bio-availability of cadmium can be remarkably reduced, accumulation of cadmium in the rape is further reduced, and the popularization application range of the cadmium-rejecting breed is expanded. The method has the advantages of being good in effect, wide in raw sources, low in cost and wide in applied range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the process for comprehensively treating field of heavy metal pollution of soil, specifically a kind of method that reduces rape cadmium pollution risk.
Background technology
Along with industrial or agricultural fast development and quickening of urbanization process, soil environment is subjected to serious day by day heavy metal pollution, and agricultural sustainable development and human health are produced greatly harm.According to statistics, China is subjected to nearly 2,000 ten thousand hectares of the arable area of heavy metal pollutions such as Cd, As, Pb, accounts for 1/5 of total area under cultivation; Wherein, industry " three wastes " pollute to be ploughed 1,000 ten thousand hectares, is subjected to 3,300,000 hectares of the farmland areas that wastewater irrigation pollutes.China surpasses 1,000 ten thousand tons because of the heavy metal pollution underproduction grain every year, and contaminated by heavy metals in addition grain also reaches 1,200 ten thousand tons every year, and the economic loss that causes thus total is at least 20,000,000,000 yuan.China's vegetable plot heavy metal pollution situation also is on the rise at present.Have investigation to show, China vegetable field soil Cd pollutes the most serious, and Cd content overproof rate is up to 24.1%.The vegetable field soil content of beary metal status investigation that carry out Tianjin shows that suburbs part vegetable field soil Cd and Hg are seriously polluted.The investigation of agricultural environmental protection monitoring station, Liaoning shows nearly 3600 hm
2Vegetable field soil be subjected to heavy metal pollution, various vegetables have been subjected to heavy metal pollution in various degree, vegetable integrated exceeding standard rate is 36.1%.The investigation that carry out in recent years in Shanghai City shows that the part vegetable field soil is subjected to heavy metal pollution, and main pollution-producing is Cd and Hg.This shows that the heavy metal pollution problem of vegetable field soil serious threat becomes the outstanding environmental problem of needing solution badly to China's vegetables safety in production.
The technology that can be used for administering heavy metal pollution of soil at present is a lot, mainly comprises: 1) physics recovery technique, as soil moved in to improve the original method, electronic force method and solidification method; 2) chemical recovery technique is as chemical leaching method, oxidation-reduction method and chemical passivation method; 3) bioremediation technology utilizes namely that certain plants, animal, microorganism absorb, the pollutant in extraction or the fixing soil, and is wherein more with the research of plant extract recovery technique.Though the research of heavy metal pollution of soil recovery technique has obtained development at full speed in recent years, existing heavy metal pollution recovery technique also exists limitation.For example, soil moved in to improve the original method, electronic force method, chemical leaching method cost are higher, and be big to soil disturbance, seriously reduces soil fertility, and easily cause secondary pollution, therefore only is applicable to administer among a small circle severe contamination soil and handle the burst contamination accident.Though and the plant extract recovery technique is subjected to extensive concern because it is easy and simple to handle with environmental friendliness, the reparation of finding at present is limited with plant variety, and most biomass is low, poor growth, and adaptive capacity is poor, and remediation efficiency is difficult to satisfy the needs of practical application.In a word, at present be used for administering heavy metal pollution of soil practicality, reliable, mature technique is less, seeking efficient, economic, safe heavy metal pollution of soil improvements technology has become pendulum in one of people's important topic in front.
There is larger difference in the ability of crops accumulations heavy metal between kind, for comprehensive regulation heavy metal pollution of soil and effectively reduce the risk that crop is subjected to heavy metal pollution new thinking is provided.Present discovering the multiple field crop of wheat, paddy rice, soybean, potato, water spinach, cabbage heart and tomato and vegetables, the difference of crops accumulation heavy metal ability not only is embodied on the interspecific difference, and between with the different cultivars in a kind of notable difference is arranged also.Have the scholar between multiple leaf vegetables kind and the Research on differences that cadmium absorbs in planting find the product interspecific difference of cadmium accumulation even greater than interspecific difference.Based on this discovery, the kind that some are lower to the heavy metal accumulation capability, being that heavy metal rejection kind is screened comes out, the content of beary metal at these rejection kind edible positions when the mild or moderate contaminated soil is planted is lower than the threshold limit value of relevant food safety standard, thereby can effectively reduce the risk that crop is subjected to heavy metal pollution, guarantee the safety in production of agricultural product.In recent years, scientist successfully cultivates and has used a plurality of Cd rejection crop varieties.The scientific research personnel of states such as Canada, the U.S. and Australia successful seed selection and promoted the cadmium rejection kind of durum wheat, sunflower and potato respectively effectively reduces the risk of these crop polluted by heavy metal cadmium.
Yet the application of heavy metal rejection kind can be subjected to the strictness restriction of heavy metal pollution of soil level.For many vegetables that are easy to accumulate heavy metal, the heavy metal rejection kind of seed selection only is adapted at using on the heavy metal slight pollution soil, then can't plant, promote because edible position content of beary metal risk of exceeding criterion is big at middle and high contaminated region.There is the scholar to point out, when the rejection variety culture, be aided with rational chemistry or agronomy regulation measure, by directly acting on heavy metal element or changing soil physico-chemical property, thereby reduce mobility and the biological effectiveness of heavy metal in soil, further reducing the edible position of crop content of beary metal, will be that a kind of ratio is used the more efficiently approach of rejection kind separately.
The passivation measure is a kind of regulation measure that reduces the heavy metal-polluted soil activity commonly used at present, and it mainly is to change the heavy metal-polluted soil occurrence patterns by adding passivating material, and then reduces the biological effectiveness of heavy metal, absorbs to reduce the crop heavy metal.Clay mineral is a kind of passivating material comparatively commonly used at present, it be used for the passivation regulation and control have original position, cheapness, easy to operate, the term of validity long, soil physico-chemical property and quality are not had the advantage of influence, and as one of key component of soil, it can strengthen the self-purification capacity of soil, improves the granular structure of soil.In addition, China's clay mineral resource has advantage wide in variety, widely distributed, that reserves are huge, cheap, use it for the passivation reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil, not only can administer for contaminated environment provides a valid approach, also is conducive to the comprehensive utilization of clay mineral resource.The natural clay mineral that is usually used in heavy-metal contaminated soil passivation reparation has: zeolite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, attapulgite, sepiolite and vermiculite, and wherein, better with the passivation repairing effect of zeolite, sepiolite, montmorillonite.
Rape is the living green vegetable of popular speed, plays an important role in China's vegetables year-round supply.Yet, as a kind of Cruciferae brassica plant, very easily accumulate Cd in the rape body, belong to the Cd enriching plant.Though there are some researches show in recent years, there is significant difference in the rape different genotype to patience and the accumulation ability of heavy metal Cd, about the rare report of research of screening rape C d rejection kind; And for the characteristic of a large amount of enrichment Cd of rape, prior art does not provide the soil passivator of its cadmium pollution risk of effective reduction yet, does not more provide the passivator that is fit to the safety in production of regulation and control cadmium rejection rape variety.Therefore, provide a kind of method that reduces rape cadmium pollution risk, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the Cd that effectively reduces rape absorbs, and is problem demanding prompt solution in the art.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method of efficient, economic, safe reduction rape cadmium pollution risk.
For realizing above-mentioned target, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method that reduces rape cadmium pollution risk is characterized in that: in the vegetable field soil of cadmium pollution, apply clay mineral and fertilizer, fully mixing; After stablizing 10 ~ 30 days, plantation cadmium rejection rape variety, thus can significantly reduce the edible position of rape cadmium content, reach the purpose of safety in production, said method comprising the steps of:
1) select clay mineral for use: clay mineral is selected sepiolite or montmorillonite for use, and requiring form is 100 ~ 200 order breezes, and the place of production is not limit, and amount of application is 1 ~ 4 kg/m
2
2) select fertilizer for use: fertilizer is selected chicken manure for use, can be provided and through processings of becoming thoroughly decomposed by the chicken farm, or directly at market purchase finished product fertilizer, amount of application is 1 ~ 4 kg/m
2
3) passivating material application process: when using at the scene, can earlier clay mineral and fertilizer be spread fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, then with agricultural machinery or manually 0 ~ 20 cm is polluted soil layer and turn over, and soil block smashed, with the passivating material mixing, the field water branch often remains on 65 ~ 75% maxmun field capacities, and balance got final product planting vegetable after 10 ~ 30 days;
4) cadmium rejection rape variety plantation: green No. two of the cadmium rejection rape variety commodity China by name that selects for use, during plantation cadmium rejection rape variety, adopt the mode of broadcasting sowing to sow, seeding quantity is 1 ~ 2 g/m
2And use 20 ~ 30 kg/ mu NpK complex fertilizers according to the soil fertility situation; The water pouring of adopting heavy metal free to pollute according to soil water regime simultaneously makes soil often keep 70% field capacity; Grow and gather in the crops rape after 30-50 days.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
1) action effect is good.Rape cadmium rejection kind that principal character of the present invention has been use in conjunction and cadmium pollution is had the soil passivator of strong passivation ability; Rape cadmium rejection kind itself just has the feature of low amount accumulation cadmium, is applied on the slight cadmium pollution soil, can significantly reduce vegetables cadmium pollution risk, has also reduced cadmium and has taken in the risk that threatens health through meals; On this basis, the present invention has provided and can reduce the special-purpose soil passivator that this rejection kind cadmium absorbs, its CLAY MINERALS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE sepiolite or montmorillonite have stronger surface absorption and ion-exchange capacity, can effectively adsorb or replace the active cadmium composition in the soil, improve soil self purification activity simultaneously; The fertilizer chicken manure contains abundant organic macromolecule active substance, and active cadmium ion in the complexing soil effectively improves soil fertility simultaneously in a large number; The two is combined, can significantly reduce animal migration and the biological effectiveness of soil cadmium, thereby further reduced the accumulation of rape to cadmium, and enlarged the extent of spreading amd application of this cadmium rejection rape variety.
2) raw material sources are extensive, and are with low cost.Dingxing County, cadmium rejection rape variety used in the present invention China green No. two effluents north vegetable seeds Co., Ltd produces, and can buy on market; Sepiolite and montmorillonite are huge at China's reserves, and in Hebei, all there are extensive distribution in provinces such as Hunan, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, price is lower, and used sepiolite or montmorillonite do not need modified measures to handle in the present invention, and original ore powder gets final product, the ground of not limiting the production; Chicken manure then directly uses fertilizer or the finished product fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and the source is sufficient, and is cheap.
3) applied widely.The method that the present invention proposes can be in large tracts of land, use in the vegetable field soil of slight pollution, on-the-spot using method is simple simultaneously, there is not secondary pollution, can reduces the food safety risk that China's vegetable field soil cadmium pollution causes directly, quickly and efficiently, be suitable for large-scale promotion application.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is soil available Cd content schematic diagram under the different disposal in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the edible position of rape cadmium content schematic diagram under the different disposal in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with the present invention of embodiment, but be not to be limitation of the present invention, all any this areas of doing according to the disclosure of invention be equal to replacement, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment: the field experiment that reduces rape cadmium pollution risk
The experiment place is located at the dirty vegetable plot of irritating, the Dongli District Da Bi village, Tianjin town, this vegetable plot is positioned at dirty irrigated area, row river, north, Tianjin, use city domestic sewage and industrial sewage to irrigate after the seventies for a long time from eighties of last century, the vegetables of soil and production all are subjected to heavy metal pollution.Demonstration pilot project soil basic physical and chemical is as follows: pH value 7.8, and cation exchange capacity CEC 17.5 cmol/kg, the content of organic matter 4.56%, total cadmium content mean value is 2.8 mg/kg, total lead content mean value is 117.2 mg/kg.According to the soil environment quality national standard, this vegetable field soil is cadmium intermediate pollution soil.
Experiment is provided with 6 Passivation Treatment altogether, comprising: (1) control treatment, do not use passivating material; (2) 2.25 kg/m are used in the single processing of sepiolite
2Sepiolite; (3) 2.25 kg/m are used in the single processing of montmorillonite
2Montmorillonite; (4) 2.25 kg/m are used in the single processing of fertilizer
2Chicken manure; (4) sepiolite and chicken manure Combined Processing are used 1.13 kg/m
2Sepiolite is joined and is executed 1.13 kg/m
2Chicken manure; (5) montmorillonite and chicken manure Combined Processing are used 1.13 kg/m
2Montmorillonite is joined and is executed 1.13 kg/m
2 Chicken manure.Plant 2 rape varieties, be respectively magnificent green No. two of slow and cadmium rejection kind in traditional category Shanghai April.Therefore this experiment has 12 processing, and each processing arranges 3 repetitions, has 36 residential quarters, and each residential quarter area is 10m
2
Before the plantation rape, earlier passivating material is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields upper soll layer, and then with manpower upper soll layer 0 ~ 20cm soil layer is turned over, and soil block smashed, by raking the soil level itself and passivating material mixing, irrigate with the well water that content of beary metal does not exceed standard, make soil often keep 70% maximum field capacity, after stablizing 15 days, get final product planting vegetable.Rape seed directly broadcasts sowing in soil, and seeding quantity is 1.5 g/m
2According to soil water regime, irregularly adopt well water to irrigate, make that water content often remains on 70% of field capacity in the soil, and use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer by 25 kg/ mus mid-term at vegetable growth, to promote vegetable growth.Gathered in the crops rape after waiting to grow 35 days, adopt nitric acid-perchloric acid method to clear up, the Cd content in the atomic absorption spectroscopy determination rape sample, the content of available state Cd in the employing DTPA extraction extraction and determination soil.
Different Passivation Treatment are seen Fig. 1 to the influence of soil available Cd content.As shown in Figure 1, soil interpolation clay mineral sepiolite and montmorillonite, fertilizer chicken manure and the complex material of the two all can reduce the content of soil available cadmium, and the effect of clay mineral and fertilizer Combined Processing obviously is better than the two single processing.For plantation slow residential quarter in April, traditional category Shanghai, use sepiolite or montmorillonite and can make soil available Cd content reduce by 12.0% and 11.6% respectively than contrast, can make available state Cd content reduce by 30.9% and use chicken manure, and reach significance level (
P＜0.05); In contrast to this, in accumulated dose identical clay mineral and fertilizer Combined Processing, soil available Cd content reduces 37.0% and 34.1% than contrast respectively, and reach significance level (
P＜0.05).In green No. two residential quarter of plantation cadmium rejection kind China, the single processing of using sepiolite, montmorillonite and chicken manure can make soil available Cd content reduce by 10.2%, 13.3% and 17.8% than contrast respectively; And in accumulated dose identical clay mineral and fertilizer Combined Processing, soil available Cd content reduces 28.4% and 32.3% than contrast respectively, and reach significance level (
P＜0.05).In general, available state Cd content difference is less in the soil of two kinds of plantation, and the composite processing of clay mineral and chicken manure can significantly reduce the validity of soil cadmium, and effect is better than clay mineral or the single processing of chicken manure.
Fig. 2 is that Passivation Treatment is to the influence of the edible position of different rape varieties cadmium content.At first contrast two kind overground part cadmium contents as can be known, the green No. two overground part cadmium accumulation of cadmium rejection kind China is than traditional category Shanghai April slow average low 50.4% under the same treatment, though green No. two cadmium contents are higher than national food hygienic standard limit value (leaf vegetables: 0.2 mg/kg) in control treatment China, but in other Passivation Treatment, its cadmium content all is lower than this limit value, shows the low amount accumulation of typical cadmium feature.
Secondly, just reduce the effect of rape overground part cadmium content, the effect size order of each Passivation Treatment is: the composite processing of clay mineral and chicken manure〉clay mineral or the single processing of chicken manure.Wherein, slow April for traditional category Shanghai, the single processing of using sepiolite, montmorillonite and chicken manure can make rape overground part Cd content reduce by 24.8%, 4.3% and 24.2% than contrast respectively; And in accumulated dose identical clay mineral and fertilizer Combined Processing, rape cauline leaf Cd content reduces 46.5% and 50.5% than contrast respectively, and reach significance level (
P＜0.05) the edible position of rape Cd content is lower than the food hygienic standard limit value, and under these two processing.For green No. two of cadmium rejection kind China, using the single processing of sepiolite, montmorillonite, chicken manure and the composite processing of clay mineral and chicken manure can make rape overground part Cd content reduce by 54.9%, 52.4%, 55.4%, 66.7% and 66.2% than contrast respectively,, and all reach significance level (
P＜0.05).
As a whole, owing to controlled by genotype, no matter in office where the managing, it is slow April that the green No. two overground part cadmiums accumulation of cadmium rejection kind China all significantly is lower than traditional category Shanghai, and adding passivating material particularly behind the complex material of clay mineral and fertilizer, the green No. two overground part cadmium content of China significantly reduces again, significantly is lower than food hygienic standard, not only can eat safely, also can effectively reduce the human body cadmium and take in.Therefore, clay mineral sepiolite or montmorillonite and fertilizer chicken manure are used can effectively passivation Cadmium Pollution in Soils, significantly reduces the validity of soil cadmium, and then suppresses cadmium to rape edible position migration, accumulation, thereby improve the food hygiene quality of rape, reduce its cadmium pollution risk.
According to the above description, can realize the solution of the present invention in conjunction with art technology.
Claims (1)
1. a method that reduces rape cadmium pollution risk is characterized in that: in the vegetable field soil of cadmium pollution, apply clay mineral and fertilizer, fully mixing; After stablizing 10 ~ 30 days, plantation cadmium rejection rape variety, thus can significantly reduce the edible position of rape cadmium content, reach the purpose of safety in production, said method comprising the steps of:
1) select clay mineral for use: clay mineral is selected sepiolite or montmorillonite for use, and requiring form is 100 ~ 200 order breezes, and the place of production is not limit, and amount of application is 1 ~ 4 kg/m
2
2) select fertilizer for use: fertilizer is selected chicken manure for use, can be provided and through processings of becoming thoroughly decomposed by the chicken farm, or directly at market purchase finished product fertilizer, amount of application is 1 ~ 4 kg/m
2
3) passivating material application process: when using at the scene, can earlier clay mineral and fertilizer be spread fertilizer over the fields in upper soll layer, then with agricultural machinery or manually 0 ~ 20 cm is polluted soil layer and turn over, and soil block smashed, with the passivating material mixing, the field water branch often remains on 65 ~ 75% maxmun field capacities, and balance got final product planting vegetable after 10 ~ 30 days;
4) cadmium rejection rape variety plantation: green No. two of the cadmium rejection rape variety commodity China by name that selects for use, during plantation cadmium rejection rape variety, adopt the mode of broadcasting sowing to sow, seeding quantity is 1 ~ 2 g/m
2And use 20 ~ 30 kg/ mu NpK complex fertilizers according to the soil fertility situation; The water pouring of adopting heavy metal free to pollute according to soil water regime simultaneously makes soil often keep 70% field capacity; Grow and gather in the crops rape after 30-50 days.
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| CN103772034A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Modifying agent of acidity and cadmium-contaminated soil for planting tobaccos |
| CN104041362A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-09-17 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Method for safely producing rice in rice field with serious Cd pollution |
| CN104475436A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-01 | 山水园林股份有限公司 | Method for repairing mine discarded polluted soil layer |
| CN104550208A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2015-04-29 | 中环循(北京)环境技术中心 | Farmland soil heavy metal pollution restoration method through coupling activating and passivating |
| CN105885858A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rhizosphere amendment used in acid heavy metal contaminated soil for preventing vegetables from absorbing cadmium and application of rhizosphere conditioner |
| CN106538180A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-03-29 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | A kind of method for improving cabbage type rape yield |
| CN106984637A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-07-28 | 中山大学 | A kind of method that utilization patience economic plants ramie repairs ion type rareearth tailings area |
| CN108901231A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-30 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A method of reducing many years continuous cropping soil in protected field heavy metals exceeding standard risk |
| CN110125161A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-16 | 湖南大学 | A kind of heavy metal soil-repairing agent and method cooperateing with compost based on magnesia-montmorillonite composite material |
| CN112354521A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-02-12 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for enhancing copper ion adsorption of sepiolite by using soluble organic matters |
| CN112479773A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-03-12 | 天津华勘环保科技有限公司 | Compound passivator suitable for heavy metal compound contaminated soil and use method thereof |
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| CN104550208B (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2019-05-10 | 中环循(北京)环境技术中心 | A kind of farmland soil heavy metals pollution amelioration method of coupling activation and passivation |
| CN104550208A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2015-04-29 | 中环循(北京)环境技术中心 | Farmland soil heavy metal pollution restoration method through coupling activating and passivating |
| CN103772034A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-07 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Modifying agent of acidity and cadmium-contaminated soil for planting tobaccos |
| CN104041362B (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2016-03-09 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | The method of a kind of cadmium serious pollution rice field rice safety in production |
| CN104041362A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-09-17 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Method for safely producing rice in rice field with serious Cd pollution |
| CN104475436A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-04-01 | 山水园林股份有限公司 | Method for repairing mine discarded polluted soil layer |
| CN105885858A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Rhizosphere amendment used in acid heavy metal contaminated soil for preventing vegetables from absorbing cadmium and application of rhizosphere conditioner |
| CN106538180A (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2017-03-29 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | A kind of method for improving cabbage type rape yield |
| CN106984637A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-07-28 | 中山大学 | A kind of method that utilization patience economic plants ramie repairs ion type rareearth tailings area |
| CN108901231A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-30 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A method of reducing many years continuous cropping soil in protected field heavy metals exceeding standard risk |
| CN110125161A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-16 | 湖南大学 | A kind of heavy metal soil-repairing agent and method cooperateing with compost based on magnesia-montmorillonite composite material |
| CN112479773A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-03-12 | 天津华勘环保科技有限公司 | Compound passivator suitable for heavy metal compound contaminated soil and use method thereof |
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