CN103151230A - Long-pulse high conversion efficiency negative pole used for magnetron - Google Patents
Long-pulse high conversion efficiency negative pole used for magnetron Download PDFInfo
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- CN103151230A CN103151230A CN2012105299947A CN201210529994A CN103151230A CN 103151230 A CN103151230 A CN 103151230A CN 2012105299947 A CN2012105299947 A CN 2012105299947A CN 201210529994 A CN201210529994 A CN 201210529994A CN 103151230 A CN103151230 A CN 103151230A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a long-pulse high conversion efficiency negative pole used for a magnetron. The purpose is that after the negative pole is used on the magnetron, the input microwave pulse width is increased and the power conversion efficiency is improved. The long-pulse high conversion efficiency negative pole used for the magnetron is composed of metal rods, emitting electrodes, a base and a blocking body. The metal rods are fixed on the base, axes of the metal rods are perpendicular to the surface of the base, the number n of the metal rods are equal to the number N of magnetron anode resonant cavities, and the axes of the n metal rods are evenly distributed along the circumference in an angular mode. The emitting electrodes are sleeved or integrally machined on the metal rods, the quantity blocking body of the emitting electrodes is arranged at the other ends of the metal rods and corresponds to the base. The negative pole can enable electrons only to be emitted from the emitting electrodes which are specifically distributed in a staggered mode. The electrons which are distributed in specific space can only allow existence of a dominant mode, plays a role in actively inhibiting generation of competition modes, and can improve the microwave pulse width by more than 40% and the power conversion efficiency by more than 15%.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of negative electrode for magnetron, described magnetron comprises conventional magnetron (magnetron) and relativistic magnetron (relativistic magnetron), especially refers to a kind of negative electrode that can increase the pulse duration of microwave that magnetron produces and improve the power conversion efficiency of magnetron.
Background technology:
Output microwave pulse width and microwave power extraction efficiency are two large important performance indexes of microwave tube.All the time, seeking how to improve constantly this two large index is one of scientific research personnel's problem of being devoted to solve.
Magnetron is as the microwave tube device of the small and exquisite volume compact of a kind of structure, is comprised of the anode of a negative electrode and an angle period profile.To between anode and cathode the time, the emitter that is on negative electrode just can electron emission when the voltage radial loaded that surpasses cathode surface emission threshold value.The electronics of launching and negative electrode and anode consist of high-frequency resonant system carries out transducing, and the power conversion of electronics is become microwave energy, finally radiate by radiating system.
At present, work in the magnetron under low voltage condition, short and the low situation of power efficiency of output microwave pulsewidth has tentatively been alleviated in the development of having passed through a nearly century, yet be started in eighties of last century the mid-1970s, work in the relativistic magnetron in high voltage (hundreds of kilovolts), large electric current (tens of kilo-ampere) situation, due to the particularity of working mechanism and condition of work, increase output microwave pulse width and remain problem demanding prompt solution with raising microwave power extraction efficiency.
Be published in article " Rapid Startof Oscillations in a Magnetron with a Transparent Cathode " on " Physical Review Letters " (physical comment bulletin) (magnetron with transparent cathode can fast start-up) in October, 2005 and proposed the updated plan that addresses this problem.The transparent cathode of mentioning in article by some independently the Metallic rod of angular distribution form, on each Metallic rod, cover has or integral body is processed with emitter, its structure as shown in Figure 1.Its operation principle is: and traditional solid cathode (only has a cylinder type metal bar, its structure is seen Fig. 2) compare, increase the space by the angular orientation at cathode surface, the angle average field intensity of cathode surface is strengthened, and the angle average field intensity of magnetron inside exactly is directly proportional with the spatial growth rate of microwave mode, therefore, thus the spatial growth rate that can improve microwave mode when changing traditional solid cathode into transparent cathode realize to increase the microwave pulse width.carried out correlative study work according to extracting method University of Science and Technology for National Defence of institute in article, test according to method for designing given in article, traditional solid cathode is compared in discovery, the use of transparent cathode produces effect to increasing the microwave pulsewidth and improving power draw efficient, the gained result of study was published on the 2nd phase in 2012 " scientific instrument review " (scientific instrument comment), article name " Effects of the transparent cathode on the performance of a relativistic magnetron with axial radiation " (transparent result of use on the axial radiation relativistic magnetron).But it is still shorter to use the microwave pulsewidth that obtains after transparent cathode to compare with the electronic pulse width of the pulse power drive source that uses in experiment, and power draw efficient only has 16.7%.Carefully analyze rear discovery, the transparent cathode that proposes in article is compared with traditional solid cathode, and whether difference only is present in angular orientation the space, does not refer to shape or the number requirement of Metallic rod.In addition, only in fact do not get rid of bundle ripple mutual effect mechanism in traditional magnetron by the angle average field intensity that increases cathode surface, namely through under the effect of electronics in axial magnetic field that cathode emission goes out passive complete with magnetron angle slow wave resonant cavity in the radio-frequency field transducing.And this passive transduction mechanism exactly can affect the morning and evening of bundle ripple transducing, and this is because passive transduction mechanism can't be eliminated the different mode competition in electric pulse rise time and fall time.When having the different mode competition in the process that produces at microwave, the mode competition process will certainly be compressed the time that main mould exists, and finally is presented as and shortens the microwave pulsewidth.
Summary of the invention:
The problem to be solved in the present invention is, proposes a kind of magnetron with long pulse high conversion efficiency negative electrode, can effectively increase output microwave pulsewidth and effectively improve power conversion efficiency after magnetron uses this negative electrode.
The present invention is made of Metallic rod, emitter, base and block body.
Base is made by metal material, and the surface is the plane, is mainly used in the fixing metal bar, fixing can adopt welding, is threaded, the various ways such as insertion.
Metallic rod is fixed on base, and its axis is vertical with susceptor surface.The quantity n of Metallic rod is identical with the quantity N of magnetron anode resonant cavity, and N is even number.The axis of n root Metallic rod is angle along circumference and evenly distributes.The dimensional structure of all Metallic rod is identical.The shape of Metallic rod can have multinomial expansion design, and its cross section can be circular, fan-shaped, trapezoidal, rectangle or k limit shape (k〉3).The angle length l of Metallic rod (angle length refer on cross section the distance between 2) does not farthest exceed the subtended angle θ of magnetron cavity.
Emitter is placed in or integral body is machined on Metallic rod, is mainly used in the interaction space electron emission to magnetron.When institute's invention negative electrode was used as hot cathode, emitter material was metal material or the alloy materials such as tungsten filament, molybdenum filament; When institute's invention negative electrode was used as cold cathode, emitter material was the nonmetallic materials such as velvet, carbon fiber, graphite.The quantity i of emitter is half of anode cavity quantity N, namely
Place an emitter at interval of a Metallic rod.
Block body is made by metal material, and the surface is the plane, is mainly used in the axial drift of block electrons.Block body is positioned at the other end of Metallic rod, and is corresponding with base.The cross-sectional area of block body is greater than all Metallic rod cross-sectional area sums, and block body can be fixed on Metallic rod or by extra block body support bar and fix.When adopting extra block body support bar fixedly, the block body support bar is also a Metallic rod, and an end is fixed in the base center, and the other end is block body fixedly.
Adopt the present invention can reach following technique effect:
1. when applied voltage is loaded on the anode and cathode of magnetron, negative electrode of the present invention can make electronics only send from having the emitter that specific interlace distributes.On macroscopic view, the electrons that is launched between anode and cathode that is in magnetron interaction space forms specific spatial distribution.This electronics with particular spatial distribution can only allow main mould to exist, and plays the purpose that the active suppression competitive mode produces.And this ability that initiatively forms electronics particular spatial distribution, inhibitor and competition pattern is that traditional solid cathode and known transparent cathode are not available.
2. the result of the test according to University of Science and Technology for National Defence shows: compare with the described transparent cathode of background technology, under the same conditions, negative electrode of the present invention can improve the microwave pulse width more than 40%, and power conversion efficiency improves more than 15%.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the described transparent cathode structure of background technology;
Fig. 2 is the described traditional solid cathode structure of background technology;
Fig. 3 is basic structure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structure of the present invention with support bar.
Fig. 5 is the restrictive condition schematic diagram of angle length of the present invention.
The diode voltage U(Voltage of Fig. 6 for using transparent cathode to obtain), electric current I (Current) and magnetron output microwave P
m(Microwave) waveform.
The diode voltage U(Voltage of Fig. 7 for using the present invention to obtain), electric current I (Current) and magnetron output microwave P
m(Microwave) waveform.
Embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the transparent cathode structure that background technology is announced.This structure is by Metallic rod 1, and emitter 2 and base 3 form.Emitter 2 is placed in or integral body is machined on Metallic rod 1.Metallic rod 1 is supported by base 3.
Fig. 2 is the described traditional solid cathode structure of background technology.This structure is comprised of Metallic rod 1 and emitter 2.Emitter 2 is present in and is placed in or integral body is machined on Metallic rod 1.
Fig. 3 is the basic structure of negative electrode of the present invention.This structure is by Metallic rod 1, emitter 2, and base 3 and block body 4 form.Emitter 2 is placed in or integral body is machined on Metallic rod 1.Metallic rod 1 is connected with base 3 and block body 4 respectively.The quantity of Metallic rod 1 equals anode cavity quantity N, and the quantity i of emitter 2 is half of anode cavity quantity N, namely
Place an emitter at interval of a Metallic rod.
Fig. 4 shows the structure that negative electrode of the present invention has the block body support bar.This structure is by Metallic rod 1, emitter 2, and base 3, block body 4 and block body support bar 5 form.Emitter 2 is present on Metallic rod 1.Metallic rod 1 is connected with base 3 and block body 4 respectively.Block body support bar 5 is positioned at the center of n root Metallic rod 1, and is coaxial with base 3 and block body 4, is connected with base 3 and block body 4 respectively.
Fig. 5 shows the restrictive condition of the angle length of negative electrode of the present invention.The angle length l of Metallic rod 1 does not exceed the subtended angle θ of magnetron cavity.
Can be so that the magnetron of holotype (π mould) work has longer microwave pulsewidth and the power conversion efficiency of Geng Gao according to negative electrode of the present invention.
Carried out related experiment on the high-current accelerator of High-Power Microwave technical research institute of University of Science and Technology for National Defence.The magnetron that uses is general A6 type, i.e. 6 resonant cavitys.Under the diode voltage U condition identical with externally-applied magnetic field B, the transparent cathode and the negative electrode of the present invention (both have identical Metallic rod and emitter material) that use the article " Rapid Start of Oscillations in a Magnetronwith a Transparent Cathode " be published on " PhysicalReview Letters " (physical comment bulletin) (magnetron with transparent cathode can fast start-up) to propose obtain Fig. 6 and result shown in Figure 7 (actual oscilloscope measurement demonstration).The diode voltage U(Voltage of Fig. 6 for using transparent cathode to obtain), electric current I (Current) and magnetron output microwave P
m(Microwave) waveform.The diode voltage U(Voltage of Fig. 7 for using the present invention to obtain), electric current I (Current) and magnetron output microwave P
m(Microwave) waveform.Can find out from figure, the electric current I of Fig. 6 is 8.58kA, and output microwave pulse width is 27ns, and the electric current I of Fig. 7 is 7.22kA, and output microwave pulse width is 37ns.Fig. 6 and output microwave P shown in Figure 7
mAmplitude, i.e. maximum P
max, substantially equal.The power conversion efficiency of magnetron
When at P
maxIn the situation identical with U, η and the I relation that is inversely proportional to, namely I reduces η and increases.Therefore, from this experiment as can be known, compare with the magnetron that uses transparent cathode, use magnetron of the present invention can produce wider microwave pulsewidth and the power conversion efficiency of Geng Gao.
Claims (4)
1. a magnetron use long pulse high conversion efficiency negative electrode, is characterized in that magnetron use long pulse high conversion efficiency negative electrode by Metallic rod (1), emitter (2), and base (3) and block body (4) form;
Base (3) is made by metal material, and the surface is the plane, is used for the fixing metal bar;
Metallic rod (1) is fixed on base, its axis and base (3) Surface Vertical; The quantity n of Metallic rod (1) is identical with the quantity N of magnetron anode resonant cavity, and N is even number, and the axis of n root Metallic rod (1) is angle along circumference and evenly distributes; The dimensional structure of all Metallic rod (1) is identical; The angle length l of Metallic rod (1) be on the Metallic rod cross section farthest the distance between 2 do not exceed the subtended angle θ of magnetron cavity;
Emitter (2) is placed in or integral body is machined on Metallic rod (1), is used for the interaction space electron emission to magnetron; When magnetron was used as hot cathode with long pulse high conversion efficiency negative electrode, emitter (2) material was metal material or alloy material; When magnetron was used as cold cathode with long pulse high conversion efficiency negative electrode, emitter (2) material was nonmetallic materials; The quantity i of emitter (2) is half of anode cavity quantity N, namely
Place an emitter (2) at interval of a Metallic rod;
Block body (4) is made by metal material, and the surface is the plane, is used for the axial drift of block electrons; Block body (4) is positioned at the other end of Metallic rod (1), and is corresponding with base (3); The cross-sectional area of block body (4) is greater than all Metallic rod (1) cross-sectional area sum, and block body (4) is fixed on Metallic rod (1).
2. a magnetron is with long pulse high conversion efficiency negative electrode, and the cross section that it is characterized in that Metallic rod (1) is circular, fan-shaped, trapezoidal, rectangle or k limit shape, k〉3.
3. a magnetron with long pulse high conversion efficiency negative electrode, is characterized in that emitter (2) material is tungsten filament, molybdenum filament when magnetron is used as hot cathode with long pulse high conversion efficiency negative electrode; When magnetron was used as cold cathode with long pulse high conversion efficiency negative electrode, emitter (2) material was velvet, carbon fiber, graphite.
4. a magnetron is with long pulse high conversion efficiency negative electrode, it is characterized in that block body (4) also can be fixing by block body support bar (5), block body support bar (5) is also a Metallic rod, one end is fixed in base (3) center, coaxial with base (3) and block body (4), the other end is block body (4) fixedly.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104992892A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-10-21 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Permanent-magnet packaging relativistic magnetron |
| CN105428191A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-23 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron for realizing frequency hopping operation by utilizing transparent negative electrode |
| CN109830416A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-05-31 | 长沙魔豆智能科技有限公司 | A kind of electron emitter and magnetron |
| CN114975040A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-30 | 电子科技大学 | Cold cathode-based bidirectional multi-injection multi-cavity cascade amplifier |
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2012
- 2012-12-11 CN CN201210529994.7A patent/CN103151230B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104992892A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-10-21 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Permanent-magnet packaging relativistic magnetron |
| CN105428191A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-23 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron for realizing frequency hopping operation by utilizing transparent negative electrode |
| CN109830416A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-05-31 | 长沙魔豆智能科技有限公司 | A kind of electron emitter and magnetron |
| CN114975040A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-30 | 电子科技大学 | Cold cathode-based bidirectional multi-injection multi-cavity cascade amplifier |
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