CN103065433B - Monitoring and alarming device for departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) of reactor core of pressurized water reactor - Google Patents
Monitoring and alarming device for departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) of reactor core of pressurized water reactor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a monitoring and alarming device for a departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) of a reactor core of a pressurized water reactor. Relevant factors which are detected by a detector is conducted through data preprocessing and a DNBR data base is obtained, and meanwhile, a DNBR nonlinear computational model which is trained by a cloud adaptive support vector machine is adopted to calculate a DNBR value, an output module displays the DNBR value, a differentiating signal is transmitted to a DNBR alarming controller to trigger alarming through a signal transmission device in a manual or intelligent mode, a DNBR alarming signal is fed back to the data base, a disaster signal which needs to be alarmed is transmitted to an alarming system, and relevant people conduct urgent elimination measurements on DNBR occurrence conditions inside the reactor core of the pressurized water reactor. The monitoring and alarming device for the DNBR has self-learning ability, continuously improves a DNBR computational model, and utilizing a central processing unit system to conduct real-time processing. The monitoring and alarming device for the DNBR is rapid in reaction speed, high in fault tolerance, capable of monitoring and forecasting changes of the DNBR inside the reactor core of the pressurized water reactor accurately and rapidly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear engineering field, more specifically, relate to a kind of pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm, be a kind of based on nonlinear dynamics theory and nuclear reactor thermal-hydraulic safety in application research institute set up the intelligent pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm with self-learning function.
Background technology
For solving the energy demand that the mankind increase day by day, nuclear energy is more and more used.All based on pressurized water reactor in the reactor that current whole world nuclear power station, nuclear submarine and nuclear-powered aircraft etc. use.But while peaceful use of nuclear energy, safety problem also can not be ignored.In Thermal Design, in order to ensure the safety of reactor heat-exchange system, in reactor core, any point does not allow one of restrictive parameter exceeded to be exactly critical heat flux density.For pressurized water reactor, main boiling crisis mechanism departs from saturation boiling (Departure from Nucleate Boiling is called for short DNB).In order to express this safety requirements better, introducing the concept departing from saturation boiling ratio (DNB Ratio is called for short DNBR) and DNB phenomenon is quantitatively described.In reactor actual moving process, require to guarantee that DNBR can not be less than its threshold value, this is also a necessary condition of protection nuclear power station first safety curtain (involucrum).Therefore the Real-Time Monitoring tool of reactor core DNBR is of great significance.To the research of DNBR, relate to multiple ambits such as nuclear reactor engineering, Engineering Thermophysics, safety engineering, nonlinear dynamic system, nonequilibrium thermodynamics, therefore be necessary heat-exchange system to be considered as a power system, from the most basic mass-energy transitive relation formula, around its nonlinear characteristic, the rule that announcement accident occurs, then utilizes artificial intelligence technology, comprehensive multiple correlation factors, forms the method for the relevant on-line monitoring forecast of its security.
DNB refers under heating wall high heat flux, the high phenomenon to covering with regard to formation one deck steam film before bubble disengagement wall on wall of bubble generation rate.DNBR is then the ratio of critical heat flux density and local heat flux density.The DNB phenomenon of pressurized water reactor is typical nonlinear problem, has polytrope.By the impact of the many factors such as coolant flow speed, composition, system pressure, temperature, the instantaneous value of certain physical quantity or multiple physical quantity often shows certain randomness.Meanwhile, due to the physical dimension such as shape, size of rod and the restriction of physical property, in DNB forming process, each physical quantity also shows certain regularity on the whole.So plan nonlinear dynamics theory describes the DNB phenomenon of heat-exchange system inside, this makes quantitative judgement by being conducive to the heat transfer conditions of this nonlinear dynamic system and rule.
In reactor operation process, departure nucleate boiling point can not directly be measured.Realize DNBR on-line monitoring, this just requires that can carry out DNBR fast calculates.At present, DNBR monitoring method is in developing stage in nuclear power developed country such as the U.S., France etc. and China is just at the early-stage.In traditional monitoring, the method based on subchannel analysis is usually adopted to be simulated it and consider.Because subchannel analysis program is large, calculation of complex, needs to take the too many time, and be unfavorable for that departing from saturation boiling forecasts than the on-line monitoring of DNBR, this just makes the development of DNBR on-Line Monitor Device occur bottleneck.Although the arithmetic speed of the analytical approach combined with subchannel by single channel proposed subsequently slightly increases, the monitoring method lacking Physical Mechanism model supports still cannot break through its limitation.
Given this, be necessary that exploitation is a kind of to departing from the monitoring alarm of saturation boiling than DNBR, before in pressurized-water reactor core, DNB occurs, just provide early warning, take measures in time, generation of preventing accident, guarantees nuclear reactor safety.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the shortcoming overcoming prior art existence, provide a kind of error rate low, reaction velocity is fast, forecasts pressurized-water reactor core DNBR intelligent monitoring alarm device timely.
To achieve these goals, object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of pressurized-water reactor core DNBR measuring alarming device, comprise detecting devices, signal transmitting apparatus, central processing unit, DNBR alarm controller and panalarm, described detecting devices by signal transmitting apparatus by gathered Signal transmissions to central processing unit, central processing unit processes signal, be connected with DNBR alarm controller by signal transmitting apparatus, DNBR alarm controller controls panalarm again.
Further, described detecting devices comprises pressure detector, mass rate detector, steam quality detector and and hygrosensor.
Further, described signal transmitting apparatus comprises analog to digital converter, digital to analog converter and signal transmission system, transmits for the signal process between detecting devices and central processing unit and DNBR alarm controller;
Or
Described signal transmitting apparatus comprises the first signal transmitting apparatus and secondary signal transmitting device, described detecting devices by the first signal transmitting apparatus by gathered Signal transmissions to central processing unit, central processing unit is connected with DNBR alarm controller by secondary signal transmitting device;
Described first signal transmitting apparatus comprises analog to digital converter and signal transmission system; Described secondary signal transmitting device comprises digital to analog converter and signal transmission system.
Further, described central processing unit comprises data preprocessing module, database purchase administration module, self-learning module, DNBR analysis module and output module;
Described data preprocessing module is used for screening the data-signal of detecting devices real-time detection, after rejecting the data of some mistakes, by it in an orderly manner stored in database purchase administration module; Meanwhile, screen data calculate corresponding DNBR value in real time through DNBR nonlinear calculated model by DNBR analysis module according to pre-service, judge what whether DNB occurred, and shown by output module.
Further, described database purchase administration module is for the data storing the data of thermophysical property question blank, the measurement data of runtime system, DNBR calculate data and self study obtains.
Further, the building mode of described DNBR nonlinear calculated model is: use cloud adaptive support vector regression to introduce in computation rule by DNBR changes in distribution trend, training obtains DNBR nonlinear calculated model.
On the basis of support vector machine kernel method and Normal Cloud theory, both complementations advantage, proposes one and is called cloud adaptive support vector regression.Described DNBR nonlinear calculated model is trained by this cloud adaptive support vector regression technology DNBR and measurable relative influence parameter thereof and is obtained, and can set up the nonlinear relationship between DNBR and relative influence parameter well.
Further, described self-learning module is used for data analysis, knowledge evaluation and Knowledge Discovery, judgement DNBR alarm controller each time made and early warning accuracy rate feed back to database, and carry out self study based on the data of cloud adaptive support vector regression to feedback, continuous correction sample set and DNBR computation model, the deposit data fed back is in a database, basic as the data differentiated later.
Further, described output module is used for data base querying, data text is derived, the dynamic cloud atlas display of reactor core DNBR, is conducive to realizing the real-time monitored of user to pressurized-water reactor core DNBR value.
Further, described DNBR alarm controller is Intelligent warning device, is provided with the manual pull station for manual triggers and/or intelligent trigger panalarm simultaneously.
Further, described panalarm comprises alarm linkage reactor control guard system, the broadcast of DNB accident, alarm call, audible and visible alarm and DNB alarm logging device.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) Clouds theory combines with support vector machine technology by the present invention first, proposes a kind of new cloud adaptive support vector regression technology, has carried out fundamental research for DNBR on-line monitoring method, constructs the nonlinear calculated model describing DNBR.The more traditional support vector machine technical method of this cloud adaptive support vector regression technical method is more targeted, and the reaction time is shorter, is more conducive to realizing accurately, the DNB early warning of pressurized-water reactor core timely.
(2) reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm system provided by the invention can with central processing unit system parallel processing, travelling speed is fast;
(3) database set up of this device and computing unit thereof, adopt fuzzy Judgment, the good self-learning capability of tool again, according to signals such as reactor core detection pressure, mass rate, temperature, the complicacy of DNBR and uncertainty are quantitatively calculated, analyze the heat transfer of current reactor core and DNBR development trend, for accident prevention and accident rescue work provide strong theoretical foundation, greatly strengthen reliability and the science of early warning system.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is pressurized-water reactor core DNBR intelligent monitoring alarm device system principle schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is self-learning module structural drawing of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm of the present invention is further described, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment one
The pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm of the present invention's exploitation, comprise: detecting devices, signal transmitting apparatus, central processing unit, DNBR alarm controller and panalarm, wherein detecting devices by signal transmitting apparatus by gathered Signal transmissions to central processing unit, central processing unit processes signal, be connected with DNBR alarm controller by signal transmitting apparatus, DNBR alarm controller controls panalarm again.
Pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm of the present invention is more specifically: central processing unit comprises data preprocessing module, database purchase administration module, self-learning module, DNBR analysis module and output module; As shown in Figure 1, detecting devices by signal transmitting apparatus by gathered Signal transmissions to data preprocessing module, data preprocessing module is screened, after rejecting the data of some mistakes, then by it in an orderly manner stored in database purchase administration module the signal collected.Simultaneously, screen data calculate corresponding DNBR value in real time through DNBR nonlinear calculated model by DNBR analysis module according to pre-service, judge what whether DNB occurred, and shown by output module, the display mode of output module is user interface in the present embodiment.
Be more specifically:
1. detecting devices comprises various sensor and detector, be specially pressure detector, mass rate detector, steam quality detector and and hygrosensor; The nuclear reactor parameter of its real-time collection site, and the Prediction Parameters that it can be used as reactor core heat transfer degree, be transported in central processing unit through signal transmitting apparatus;
2. these data are sent to data preprocessing module and carry out pre-service, after rejecting the data of some mistakes, in an orderly manner stored in database purchase administration module by central processing unit again;
3. at the same time, the data that DNBR analysis module comes pre-service screening calculate, and use cloud adaptive support vector regression to introduce in computation rule by DNBR changes in distribution trend, training obtains DNBR nonlinear calculated model, calculate corresponding DNBR value in real time, make the judgement whether DNB occurs.Once find that DNB may occur, carry out reactor core location at once, and shown by output module.
4. user can determine whether provide alarm signal according to the dynamic DNBR cloud atlas display in interface, and manually alarm button is made a response to alarm controller artificially and made panalarm make effective control action; Maybe when monitor obtain reactor core certain DNBR value be less than user preset fixed DNBR limit value time, by system intelligence process, early warning is judged to send to alarm controller alert trigger through signal transmitting apparatus, alarm response also can effectively be implemented when unattended; Report to the police and implement the prediction case of DNB development and disposal decision to be shown in user interface, for operating personnel's reference simultaneously.
5. simultaneously, the DNB made each time to system judges and warning accuracy rate feeds back to database purchase administration module, through cloud adaptive support vector regression, the data of feedback are carried out self study, equipment is made to have self-learning function, continuous correction sample set and computation model, and then improve this pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm system, improve accuracy and the promptness of pressurized-water reactor core DNBR prediction.
Signal transmitting apparatus comprises analog to digital converter, digital to analog converter and signal transmission system, transmits for the signal process between detecting devices and central processing unit and DNBR alarm controller.
In DNBR analysis module of the present invention, the generative process of computation model is as follows:
The DNB phenomenon of pressurized water reactor is typical nonlinear problem, has polytrope.By the impact of the many factors such as coolant flow speed, composition, the instantaneous value of certain physical quantity or multiple physical quantity often shows certain randomness.Meanwhile, due to the physical dimension such as shape, size of rod and the restriction of physical property, in DNB forming process, each physical quantity also shows certain regularity on the whole.This just requires that mode identification procedure has stronger vague comparing, identification and fault-tolerant ability.Support vector machine technology has sample self-learning capability, high fault tolerance, and be the effective tool realizing complicated mode classification Yu debate knowledge, its key is kernel function.Lower dimensional space vector set is difficult to divide usually, and the method for solution is that they are mapped to higher dimensional space.But the difficulty that this way is brought is exactly the increase of computation complexity, and kernel function just in time solves this problem dexterously.And the DNBR be actually detected has the feature of normal density function distribution.According to randomness and the steady tendency of Normal Cloud theory, introduce the kernel function of Normal Cloud basis function structure support vector machine, obtain new support vector machine technology---a cloud adaptive support vector regression, and by this combination such as technology and basic data, form the real intelligent predicting technology for DNBR.The sample set about DNBR is obtained by the approach such as detector, theory calculate, utilize cloud self-adaptation support vector technology to train by this sample set, formation has sample self-learning capability, high fault tolerance, realizes complicated mode classification and the efficient pressurized-water reactor core DNBR intelligent monitoring alarm device of debating knowledge.
In pressurized water reactor transient process, operational factor constantly changes, and the calculating of DNBR needs to set up coupling Different Effects nonlinearity in parameters computation model.The present invention's application cloud adaptive support vector regression trains computation model in described DNBR analysis module.Find in design, the training of cloud adaptive support vector regression does not need the concrete form of Nonlinear Mapping, as long as utilize Normal Cloud kernel function just can carry out Nonlinear Processing; To the problem of function regression, its decision function is exactly the linear combination of Normal Cloud kernel function, and final problem is only searching one group of combination coefficient, so far enormously simplify the reaction time of DNBR analysis module, improves the efficiency of DNBR monitoring system.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural drawing of self-learning module, the relevant data of research pressurized-water reactor core heat-exchange system gained is set up DNBR database by the present inventor, make DNBR database can carry out man-machine conversation with user interface, user interface sends instruction to self-learning module by central processing unit, self-learning module extracts related data from DNBR database, and therefrom choose the data being applicable to data mining application, then cloud adaptive support vector regression technology is adopted automatically to find and knowledge excavation (abbreviation data mining) from selected and next data, according to actual needs DNBR computation model made explanations again and evaluate, upgrade and revise existing DNBR computation model in DNBR analysis module.Collect new data after renewal again and carry out self study, and data feedback self study obtained is in DNBR database purchase administration module, DNBR database is carried out supplementary and perfect.
Embodiment two
Signal transmitting apparatus comprises the first signal transmitting apparatus and secondary signal transmitting device; Detecting devices by the first signal transmitting apparatus by gathered Signal transmissions to central processing unit, central processing unit is connected with DNBR alarm controller by secondary signal transmitting device; First signal transmitting apparatus comprises analog to digital converter and signal transmission system; Secondary signal transmitting device comprises digital to analog converter and signal transmission system.
Above-described embodiments of the present invention, do not form limiting the scope of the present invention.Any amendment done within spiritual principles of the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm, comprise detecting devices, signal transmitting apparatus, central processing unit, DNBR alarm controller and panalarm, described detecting devices by signal transmitting apparatus by gathered Signal transmissions to central processing unit, central processing unit processes signal, be connected with DNBR alarm controller by signal transmitting apparatus again, DNBR alarm controller controls panalarm, it is characterized in that, described central processing unit comprises data preprocessing module, database purchase administration module, DNBR analysis module, self-learning module and output module,
Described data preprocessing module is used for screening the data-signal of detecting devices real-time detection, after rejecting the data of some mistakes, by it in an orderly manner stored in database purchase administration module;
The data that described DNBR analysis module comes according to pre-service screening calculate corresponding DNBR value in real time through DNBR nonlinear calculated model, judge whether DNB occurs, and are shown by output module;
Wherein the building mode of DNBR nonlinear calculated model is: use cloud adaptive support vector regression to introduce in computation rule by DNBR changes in distribution trend, training obtains DNBR nonlinear calculated model;
Described self-learning module is used for data analysis, knowledge evaluation and Knowledge Discovery, judgement DNBR alarm controller each time made and early warning accuracy rate feed back to database, and carry out self study based on the data of cloud adaptive support vector regression to feedback, continuous correction sample set and DNBR nonlinear calculated model, the deposit data fed back is in a database, basic as the data differentiated later.
2. pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described detecting devices comprises pressure detector, mass rate detector, steam quality detector and hygrosensor.
3. pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described signal transmitting apparatus comprises analog to digital converter, digital to analog converter and signal transmission system, transmits for the signal process between detecting devices and central processing unit and DNBR alarm controller;
Or
Described signal transmitting apparatus comprises the first signal transmitting apparatus and secondary signal transmitting device, described detecting devices by the first signal transmitting apparatus by gathered Signal transmissions to central processing unit, central processing unit is connected with DNBR alarm controller by secondary signal transmitting device;
Described first signal transmitting apparatus comprises analog to digital converter and signal transmission system; Described secondary signal transmitting device comprises digital to analog converter and signal transmission system.
4. pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described database purchase administration module is for the data storing the data of thermophysical property question blank, the measurement data of runtime system, DNBR calculate data and self study obtains.
5. pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described output module is used for data base querying, data text is derived, the dynamic cloud atlas display of reactor core DNBR.
6. pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described DNBR alarm controller is Intelligent warning device, is provided with the manual pull station for manual triggers panalarm simultaneously.
7. pressurized-water reactor core DNBR monitoring alarm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described panalarm comprises alarm linkage reactor and controls guard system, DNB accident broadcaster, alarm call, audible and visible alarm device and DNB alarm logging device.
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| CN109283356A (en) * | 2017-07-22 | 2019-01-29 | 周尧 | A kind of flow rate measuring device |
| CN110322976B (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2020-11-24 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Implementation method for reactor LPD and DNBR online protection and monitoring |
| CN110633454B (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2022-10-21 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | CHF relational DNBR limit value statistical determination method based on correction method |
| CN110727920B (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2022-08-19 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | CHF relational DNBR limit value statistical determination method based on grouping method |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20141224 Termination date: 20181226 |