CN103039277B - Bark grafting method of apocarya - Google Patents
Bark grafting method of apocarya Download PDFInfo
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- CN103039277B CN103039277B CN201310013615.3A CN201310013615A CN103039277B CN 103039277 B CN103039277 B CN 103039277B CN 201310013615 A CN201310013615 A CN 201310013615A CN 103039277 B CN103039277 B CN 103039277B
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Abstract
The invention relates to 'a bark grafting method of apocarya' and belongs to the field of fruit trees and forest tree breeding. The method includes cutting a stock or a lignification branch of the apocarya in vigorous growth to the xylem, conducing inclining cutting on the portion above a cut to form a 45-degree cut, cutting downwards on an edge bark layer of the cut through a stem grafting knife for 3cm with cutting length as 3cm and cutting width determined by scion thickness and conducting scion branch processing and grafting. By means of the method, summer grafting survival rate of scions dormant in winter is greatly improved, the problem of scion grafting survival of ligneous plants like the apocarya which is introduced from the southern hemisphere in summer is effectively removed, and simultaneously grafting period of the apocarya can be prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree and forest genetics field, relate to particularly a kind of slotting skin grafting method of apocarya.
Background technology
Apocarya, has another name called pecan tree, is a kind in Juglandaceae, hickory.Originating in the U.S. and Mexico, is in the world one of important oil plant dry fruit tree variety, and the thin easy stripping of its shell, kernel is plump, taste is fragrant good to eat, has higher nutritive value.Perfectly straight, the tree-like grace of trunk, well established and vigorously developing is to turn the four sides green and the fine tree species of ornamental plantation.The simultaneously tough and tensile densification of timber, heartwood is dark red, sapwood is yellowish-white, full of elasticity, not yielding and cracking, is the good commerical tree species such as building, noble furniture.Therefore, apocarya is one purposes is wide, the benefit period is long, economic benefit is high, social benefit and the obvious good economic tree of ecological benefits.
China start to carry out the introducing and planting of apocarya from 20 beginnings of the century, but the factors such as improved seeds shortage due to slow, the applicable various places of its result, at present apocarya is still fragmentary distribution in China, really form output, high and stable yields Guo Yong garden is still rare.In order to make apocarya, set foot on as early as possible the process of improved variety, base construction, in breeding variety, set about carrying out stock grafting research of technique, but because graft survival rate is not high, supply falls short of demand to cause grafting, therefore, have to cultivate seedling, yet seedling exists and goes into operation late, nut is little, and the defects such as bad adaptability, are out of favour on market, therefore, the key factor of restriction production development has two, and one is to lack sufficient improved seeds nursery stock, and another is the culture technique that lacks scientific system.So, in order to do sth. in advance result, batch reproduction improved variety, all must solve as early as possible the vegetative propagation technique of apocarya.
Grafting refers to the bud of plant improved seeds and branch to be transferred on the stem and root of another plant body, and makes it the technology that healing forms new independent plant, be horticultural crop grow seedlings and production process in a kind of technology of extensive use.The Biological Principles of grafting survival is the surface of anvil fringe bevel, by the residue of dead cell, formed the barrier film of one deck brown, because of the effect of callus, make the cell division of wound circumference afterwards, cambial cell is active, break through barrier film and form callus, callus cell further breaks up, and inwardly forms new xylem, outwards forms new phloem, anvil fringe xylem vessel and phloem sieve tube separately linked up, make conducting tissue UNICOM.Along with the new cork cell in outside forms, be connected with both cork cells, final healing becomes a new plant.At present, apocarya grafting is mainly scion grafting in spring and summer budding.What scion grafting mainly adopted is cut-grafting method and cortex grafting method, and summer budding mainly adopts is band xylem bud grafting and the bud grafting of band phloem square, at the beginning of Nanjing is mid-June to 9 month, utilizes and germinates then the bud grafting on branch.The general method adopting of prior art is: the horse ear shape tangent plane that first scion is simultaneously whittled into the about 3cm of length; Then on stock, select level and smooth one side; With grafting knife vertical partial application from suitable for reading, deeply reach xylem, the about 2.5cm of length.Then, the scion of cutting is inserted from top to bottom between the cortex and xylem of stock.Insertion depth exposes 0.3cm tangent plane (showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally) with scion top is advisable, finally tight with plastic foil bondage wrapping.Walnut grafting survival rate, except the impact of internal factor and external environment factor, itself affects the key factor of graft survival rate especially its grafting method.The grafting method of above-mentioned prior art, because " bleeding " of grafting interruption-forming cannot derive, therefore, often causes the survival rate of the slotting skin grafting of walnut very low, general only in 10% left and right; And due to geographical and climatic difference, the weather in the Southern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere is just in time contrary.The apocarya branch that the Southern Hemisphere (winter) is introduced a fine variety in Nanjing (summer) carry out grafting, namely, by the eugonic stock of apocarya branch grafting knife of dormancy, adopt conventional scion grafting or bud grafting, survival rate is low.Therefore, how improving apocarya winter dormancy branch summer grafting survival rate is this area problem anxious to be resolved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, in order to reach the object of introducing a fine variety from the Southern Hemisphere, solve grow in the summer object of busy season grafting survival of resting shoot, inventor, through test of many times research, has formed a kind of cortex grafting method of applicable apocarya winter dormancy scion summer grafting.Utilize the method by the apocarya scion grafting of winter dormancy on summer eugonic apocarya stock, its graft survival rate reaches 100%.Utilize the method can carry out in summer introducing a fine variety of the Southern Hemisphere (winter) apocarya.Meanwhile, can widen the period of apocarya grafting.
The present invention has formed a kind of slotting skin grafting method of apocarya, and it specifically adopts following technical scheme:
A slotting skin grafting method for apocarya, is characterized in that comprising following operating procedure:
1 stock is processed
In the season of growth, the raw apocarya stock of eugonic 2-3 or the crosscut of lignification branch, to xylem, are cut sth. askew more than otch, form ' ∠ ' type otch, the edge with scion grafting cutter at ' ∠ ' type otch cuts downwards.Length 3cm, width is depending on scion rugosity; The angle of wherein said ' ∠ ' type is 30 degree-80 degree, preferred 45 degree, and by eugonic stock or the crosscut of lignification branch to 1/2nd of limb diameter;
2 cladus are processed
A cutter is respectively cut in the branch both sides of dormancy; form double wedge, plant growth regulator soaks, and described plant growth regulator is: 3 parts of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 2 parts of indolebutyric acids, 1 part of gibberellin, vitaminB10 .5 part; with the dilution ratio of 200mg: 1L, soak branch bottom 10min;
Get paraffin, rosin is put into pot according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, and temperature is controlled to 100-120 ℃, with fast quickly dipped wax of 1-2s time, in order to avoid then scald scion uses film wrapped, the scion of collection is sealing wax in time, in order to avoid because of long dehydration of time, reduce scion quality.
3 graftings
The cladus of handling well is untied to film, then vertically insert stock incision, with agricultural long-acting fog-free film bondage from bottom to up, spring next year, cut the above part of grafting mouth.
4 management
Leaf-cutting: after buddering and sprouting, cut in time the blade of grafting mouth top, promote growth;
Column is windproof: column while newly slightly growing to 30cm;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: August grafting vigorous period, in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, select that 1500 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder are anti-to eliminate aphis, every mu is used 200 grams.
Rich water quality management: the grafting experienced seedling that in good time ventilates in canopy, waters according to soil moisture content.The urea that to spray 2 times～3 times concentration vegetative period be 0.3%～0.5% carries out top dressing, and bud picking in time.When temperature, should remove booth during higher than 28 ℃, the boron fertilizer that to spray 1 time～2 times concentration August be 0.2%, promotes nursery stock lignification.
The beneficial effect of the relative prior art of the present invention is:
(1) it is extremely low according to conventional method survival rate that apocarya is inserted skin grafting, the present invention utilizes well developed root system, sprout apocarya seedling that an ability is strong as stock, the growth branch of adult apocarya in the Southern Hemisphere, original producton location of take is scion, it is full, metabolism is vigorous, for the formation of callus lays a good foundation, through 1 year, cultivate, can grow into stalwartness, bud is full, the improved seeds grafting that internode is short, the factor that affects this anvil of apocarya graft survival rate is known in this area, remove apocarya formation layer thinner, outside the large and tannin content height of medulla, also be how to ensure the vitality of scion, to promote the formation of callus and the subsequent growth of tree body, owing to hindering liquid after disconnected anvil, flow out, contact-making surface at anvil fringe forms barrier film, have a strong impact on the healing of anvil fringe, adopt existing method poor effect, the present invention has selected suitable grafting method, make scion can possess best vitality, thereby the Relationship between Graft Effect of obtaining.Present inventor draws according to practical operation for many years experiment: by the raw apocarya stock of eugonic 2-3 or the crosscut of lignification branch to xylem, more than otch, cut sth. askew, ' ∠ ' type of formation otch, the edge with scion grafting cutter at ' ∠ ' type otch cuts downwards.Length 3cm, width is depending on scion rugosity; The angle of wherein said ' ∠ ' type is 30 degree-80 degree, preferred 45 degree, and by eugonic stock or the crosscut of lignification branch to 1/2nd of limb diameter; This slotting skin grafting method is effectively discharged and is hindered liquid, promote anvil fringe contact-making surface to form as early as possible callus, ensure the vitality of scion, and the positive director's gesture of selected stock vigorous period, moisture and nutrition recombination, Endogenous Hormone Contents in Vitro is high, and stock and scion affinity good, therefore, greatly promoted graft survival rate.
This invention can be by the successful grafting of winter dormancy scion grafting on summer eugonic stock.The successful test of the method becomes possibility for carry out introducing a fine variety of the Southern Hemisphere (winter) in summer later, meanwhile, can widen apocarya grafting period.
(2) plant growth regulator is a kind of ectogenic non-nutritive chemical substance, it can conduct to site of action conventionally in plant corpus, with lower concentration, just can promote or suppress some link in plant life process, make it to the wish development that meets human needs; Present inventor is drawn through plant growth regulator and is soaked by lot of experiments, described plant growth regulator is: 3 parts of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 2 parts of indolebutyric acids, 1 part of gibberellin, vitaminB10 .5 part, with the dilution ratio of 200mg: 1L, soak branch bottom 10min; After this is processed, the time of sprouting to buddering from grafting shortens greatly, than the time decreased 47% without any processing, plant growth mediator agent formula of the present invention, it is easy to use, can improve callus activity, promote callus growth, promoting budders sprouts, improve the chlorophyll content of scion, strengthen photosynthesis, and the auxin rational proportion containing, Coordinated Interaction, there is the functions such as the root hair cell of promotion division, effectively improve growing of root hair, obviously shorten seedling-slowing stage, tachyauxesis.
(3) in grafting part, adopted agricultural long-acting fog-free film to twine to tie up during grafting fixing, this film has good elasticity, while having avoided stock to carry out girth growth, strangles trace, can reach to exempt from solution and tie up object; And film has powerful binding force to top scion, after scion grows into branch, the effect that film plays the newborn branch of protection when blowing twines the film of tying up and does not need solution to tie up, the film staying can be fixing tight by scion and stock, play protection effect, effectively reduce the amount of labour and production cost in grafting production;
Adopted above technical scheme, can be by annual a large amount of high-quality scion that obtain, grafting in good time, to strong this anvil nursery stock of affinity, had both improved this anvil of apocarya graft survival rate, and graft survival rate in enormous quantities can reach 100% left and right, and planting percent is more than 90%; And tree body is realized dwarfing, shortening the juvenile phase, is done sth. in advance result, and general height can be controlled in 5 meters voluntarily, and the 4th annual bearing after grafting, ahead of time result 6-8; Mass, the kind also for apocarya, set are grown seedlings simultaneously, and the breeding method of workable this stock grafting seedling of apocarya is provided, thereby have greatly improved the economic worth of apocarya.
Accompanying drawing explanation
' ∠ ' type otch of Fig. 1 stock.
The interface that Fig. 2 notching edge cuts downwards.
Fig. 3 scion is inserted.
The bondage of Fig. 4 agricultural long-acting fog-free film.
The plant of Fig. 5 grafting survival.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
August, the crosscut of the raw apocarya stock of eugonic 2-3, to xylem, is cut sth. askew more than otch, form the i.e. 45 degree otch of ' ∠ ' type otch, the edge with scion grafting cutter at ' ∠ ' type otch cuts downwards.Length 3cm, width is depending on scion rugosity, and by eugonic stock or the crosscut of lignification branch to xylem to limb diameter 1/2nd;
Cladus is processed
A cutter is respectively cut in the branch both sides of dormancy, form double wedge, plant growth regulator soaks, and described plant growth regulator is: 3 parts of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 2 parts of indolebutyric acids, 1 part of gibberellin, vitamin B1 are 0.5 part, with the dilution ratio of 200mg: 1L, soak branch bottom 10min;
Get paraffin, rosin is put into pot according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, and temperature is controlled to 100-120 ℃, with fast quickly dipped wax of 1-2s time, in order to avoid then scald scion uses film wrapped, the scion of collection is sealing wax in time, in order to avoid because of long dehydration of time, reduce scion quality.
Grafting
The cladus of handling well is untied to film, then vertically insert stock incision, with agricultural long-acting fog-free film bondage from bottom to up, spring next year, cut the above part of grafting mouth.
Management
Leaf-cutting: after buddering and sprouting, cut in time the blade of grafting mouth top, promote growth;
Column is windproof: column while newly slightly growing to 30cm;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: August grafting vigorous period, in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, select that 1500 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder are anti-to eliminate aphis, every mu is used 200 grams.
Rich water quality management: the grafting experienced seedling that in good time ventilates in canopy, waters according to soil moisture content.The urea that to spray 2 times～3 times concentration vegetative period be 0.3%～0.5% carries out top dressing, and bud picking in time.When temperature, should remove booth during higher than 28 ℃, the boron fertilizer that to spray 1 time～2 times concentration August be 0.2%, promotes nursery stock lignification.Spring next year, cut the above part of grafting mouth, form grafting.
The inventive method and other grafting method comparison
Although, above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, but on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, or the enforcement of the seeds outside case study on implementation this method, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these that made are without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention revised, and the expansion of improvement or scope, all belongs to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a slotting skin grafting method for apocarya, is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) stock is processed
In the season of growth, the raw apocarya stock of eugonic 2-3 or the crosscut of lignification branch, to xylem, are cut sth. askew more than otch, ' ∠ ' type of formation otch, edge with scion grafting cutter at ' ∠ ' type otch cuts downwards, length 3cm, and width is depending on scion rugosity; The angle of wherein said ' ∠ ' type is 30 degree-80 degree;
(2) cladus is processed
A cutter is respectively cut in the branch both sides of dormancy, form double wedge, plant growth regulator soaks branch bottom 10min; Described plant growth regulator is: 2 parts of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 2 parts of indolebutyric acids, 1 part of gibberellin, vitamin B1 are 0.5 part, formulated with the dilution ratio of 200mg: 1L;
Get paraffin, rosin is put into pot according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, and temperature is controlled to 100-120 ℃, by the fast quickly dipped wax 1-2s in branch bottom after soaking, in order to avoid scald scion, then uses film wrapped;
(3) grafting
The cladus of handling well is untied to film, then vertically insert stock incision, with agricultural long-acting fog-free film bondage from bottom to up.
2. method according to claim 1, it also comprises step (4) management:
Leaf-cutting: after buddering and sprouting, cut in time the blade of grafting mouth top, promote growth;
Column is windproof: column while newly slightly growing to 30cm;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: August grafting vigorous period, in conjunction with spray leaf fertilizer, select that 1500 times of liquid of 50% Aphox wetting powder are anti-to eliminate aphis, every mu is used 200 grams;
Rich water quality management: the grafting hardening of in good time ventilating in canopy, according to soil moisture content, water, the urea that to spray 2 times～3 times concentration vegetative period be 0.3%～0.5% carries out top dressing, and bud picking in time, when temperature should be removed booth during higher than 28 ℃, the boron fertilizer that to spray 1 time～2 times concentration August be 0.2%, promotes nursery stock lignification.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that eugonic stock or the crosscut of lignification branch to 1/2nd of limb diameter.
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| CN103202182B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-09-10 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | High-scion and head-changing grafting method of carya illinoensis |
| CN103238492B (en) * | 2013-05-13 | 2014-04-16 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Process for facilitating sprouting of adventitious roots of apocarya branches |
| CN103299812B (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-04-16 | 南京绿宙薄壳山核桃科技有限公司 | Apocarya hardwood cutting seedling raising method |
| CN103416229B (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2015-03-11 | 新疆林业科学院 | Wrapping-type walnut bark whip grafting method |
| CN103858681B (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-08-31 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A kind of walnut grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN103975779B (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2015-08-05 | 昌宁县林业技术推广站 | The method that walnut bleeding improves scion grafting survival rate is absorbed with bog moss |
| CN104082041B (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2015-12-09 | 句容谷歌庄园现代农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of grafting method of apocarya |
| CN104285681A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2015-01-21 | 成县兴丰农林科技有限责任公司 | Grafting method of walnut |
| CN104920155A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-09-23 | 永胜程海茂源农业开发有限公司 | Cultivating method for pecans |
| CN106258515A (en) * | 2016-08-14 | 2017-01-04 | 文县科学技术局 | A kind of thin-shelled walnut downgrades engrafting method |
| CN106508436A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-22 | 道真自治县诚信农业综合开发有限公司 | Grafting and cultivation method of Taxus chinensis |
| CN106538248A (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-03-29 | 建水县福祥种植园 | A kind of engrafting method of Semen Juglandiss |
| CN106718115A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏省林业科学研究院 | A kind of apocarya breeding improves engrafting method |
| CN107593692A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2018-01-19 | 黔东南天龙山农业开发有限公司 | A kind of hickory nut scion method for preserving |
| CN109819840A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2019-05-31 | 旺苍县木门镇盐井核桃专业合作社 | A kind of walnut implantation methods |
| CN108377776A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-10 | 芜湖欧标农业发展有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of Phnom Penh Liriodendron |
| CN109221134B (en) * | 2018-09-02 | 2021-03-16 | 杭州富阳飞博科技有限公司 | Plant regulator for grafting apocarya and application thereof |
| CN109220282B (en) * | 2018-09-02 | 2021-06-08 | 杭州富阳飞博科技有限公司 | Grafting breeding method for apocarya |
| CN110249825B (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-07-27 | 杭州富阳佳畅机械有限公司 | Quick propagation process of machilus thunbergii |
| CN111034484A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-04-21 | 西安圣华农业科技股份有限公司 | Method for grafting plums on adult peach trees |
| CN115486276A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-20 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Grafting method of big leaf zelkova schneideriana |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101322468A (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2008-12-17 | 邱富兴 | Early fructification and high yield method of American Illinois nut early |
| CN101563989A (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2009-10-28 | 邓中美 | Method for grafting walnut seedling |
| CN102057851B (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2012-06-27 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | New technique for culturing apocarya by seeding and grafting in current year |
| CN102823439B (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2014-03-26 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Method for temperature control and humidity control graftage of carya illinoensis |
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