CN102875529B - 达比加群的酯衍生物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
达比加群的酯衍生物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102875529B CN102875529B CN201110199122.4A CN201110199122A CN102875529B CN 102875529 B CN102875529 B CN 102875529B CN 201110199122 A CN201110199122 A CN 201110199122A CN 102875529 B CN102875529 B CN 102875529B
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- dabigatran
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- methyl
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Abstract
本发明涉及通式I所示的达比加群的酯衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐,及苯并咪唑衍生物通式I的制备方法,其中R1和R2分别具有在说明书中限定的含义。以及含有这些化合物作为活性成分的药物组合物,以及所述化合物及药物组合物作为凝血酶抑制剂的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体涉及达比加群的酯衍生物及其制备方法,含有这些衍生物的药物组合物以及所述化合物及药物组合物作为凝血酶抑制剂的用途。
背景技术
达比加群酯(Dabigatran)是德国勃林格殷格翰公司开发的具有多种特点的新型抗凝血药物。2008年4月,首先在德国和英国上市,商品名为Pradaxa,用于防治急性静脉血栓(VTE)。这是继华法林之后50年来首个上市的抗凝血口服新药,是抗凝血治疗领域和潜在致死性血栓预防领域的又一个里程碑。美国食品和药品监督管理局2010年10月19日批准Pradaxa胶囊(达比加群酯)为在有心律异常(心房颤动)患者中预防中风和凝血。
凝血酶是细胞外胰岛素样丝氨酸蛋白酶,在凝血过程中具有重要作用,一方面,其能使纤维蛋白原裂解成为纤维蛋白,后者参与构成不溶性血栓基质;另一方面,其能诱导血小板活化和聚集,进而引发一系列次级凝血级联反应。达比加群酯为前药,在体内转化为有活性的达比加群,达比加群通过直接抑制凝血酶而发挥抗凝血效应。达比加群酯是一种新型的合成的直接凝血酶抑制剂,是用于口服的前体药物,属非肽类的凝血酶抑制剂。口服经胃肠吸收后,在体内转化为具有直接抗凝血活性的达比加群。药物结合于凝血酶的纤维蛋白特异结合位点,阻止纤维蛋白原裂解为纤维蛋白,从而阻断了凝血瀑布网络的最后步骤及血栓形成。
但是达比加群酯的口服生物利用度较低(<6.5%),因此有待进一步提高。
发明内容
本发明涉及由式I所示的达比加群的酯衍生物及其非毒性药学上可接受的盐,以及含有这些化合物作为活性成分的药物组合物,以及所述化合物及药物组合物作为凝血酶抑制剂的用途。
因此本发明的第一个方面提供了式I所代表的达比加群的酯衍生物及其可药用盐:
其中,
R1代表H或C1-C5的烷基,R2代表天然氨基酸。
优选地,本发明提供式I所代表的达比加群的酯衍生物或其可药用盐,其中R1代表H或C1-C5的烷基,R2代表天然氨基酸。
更优选地,本发明提供式I所代表的达比加群的酯衍生物或其可药用盐选自如下结构式所代表的化合物:
具体目标化合物的各取代基分别定义如下:
I1:R1为-CH3,R2为丙氨酸;
I2:R1为-CH3,R2为缬氨酸;
I3:R1为-CH3,R2为亮氨酸;
I4:R1为-CH3,R2为异亮氨酸;
I5:R1为-CH3,R2为脯氨酸;
I6:R1为-CH3,R2为苯丙氨酸;
I7:R1为-CH3,R2为色氨酸;
I8:R1为-CH3,R2为蛋氨酸;
I9:R1为-CH3,R2为甘氨酸;
I10:R1为-CH3,R2为丝氨酸;
I11:R1为-CH3,R2为苏氨酸;
I12:R1为-CH3,R2为半胱氨酸;
I13:R1为-CH3,R2为酪氨酸;
I14:R1为-CH3,R2为天冬酰胺;
I15:R1为-CH3,R2为谷氨酰胺;
I16:R1为-CH3,R2为赖氨酸;
I17:R1为-CH3,R2为精氨酸;
I18:R1为-CH3,R2为组氨酸;
I19:R1为-CH3,R2为天冬氨酸;
I20:R1为-CH3,R2为谷氨酸;
I21:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为丙氨酸;
I22:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为缬氨酸;
I23:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为亮氨酸;
I24:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为异亮氨酸;
I25:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为脯氨酸;
I26:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为苯丙氨酸;
I27:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为色氨酸;
I28:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为蛋氨酸;
I29:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为甘氨酸;
I30:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为丝氨酸;
I31:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为苏氨酸;
I32:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为半胱氨酸;
I33:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为酪氨酸;
I34:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为天冬酰胺;
I35:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为谷氨酰胺;
I36:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为赖氨酸;
I37:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为精氨酸;
I38:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为组氨酸;
I39:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为天冬氨酸;
I40:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为谷氨酸。
本发明的第二个方面涉及药物组合物,其包括至少一种式I所代表的达比加群的酯衍生物或其可药用盐,以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
本发明的第二个方面涉及式I所示的达比加群的酯衍生物及其非毒性药学上可接受的盐,以及包含式I所示的达比加群的酯衍生物及其非毒性药学上可接受的盐作为活性成分的药物组合物作为抗凝血的用途。
式I所代表的化合物可以与无机酸形成药用盐,例如硫酸盐、磷酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐;也可以与有机酸形成药用盐,例如醋酸盐、草酸盐、柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、酒石酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐等。选择和制备适当的盐是本领域技术人员公知技术。
本发明化合物或其可药用盐可以单独或以药物组合物的形式给药。本发明药物组合物可根据给药途径配成各种适宜剂型。使用一种或多种生理学上可接受的载体,包含赋形剂和助剂,它们有利于将活性化合物加工成可以在药学上使用的制剂。适当的制剂形式取决于所选择的给药途径,可以按照本领域熟知的常识进行制备。
给药途径可以是口服、非肠道或局部给药,优选口服和注射形式给药。可以口服的药物制剂包括胶囊剂和片剂等。本发明化合物也可以配制用于肠胃外给药或者透皮给药或者经粘膜给药,或者采用栓剂或者埋植剂的方式给药。本领域技术人员可以理解,本发明化合物可以采用合适的药物释放系统(DDS)以得到更有利的效果。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本专业技术人员更全面的理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
首先参考文献(Hauel NH,Nar H,Priepke H,et al.Structure-Based Design of Novel PotentNopePtide Thrombin Inhibitors.J.Med.Chem.2002;45:1757-1766)方法合成达比加群酯,再合成式I所示的达比加群的酯衍生物:
R1=H,-CH3,-CH2CH3;R2=天然氨基酸。
以3-硝基-4-氯苯甲酸为起始原料,与甲胺水溶液反应得到3-硝基-4-甲基氨基-苯甲酸,再与氯化亚砜反应,成酰氯(中间体5);2-氨基吡啶与丙烯酸乙酯反应得到N-(吡啶-2-基)-β-丙氨酸乙酯(中间体2),中间体2与中间体5反应得到中间体6;将中间体6在钯碳催化下还原得到中间体7,再经酰胺化、缩合得到中间体8;将中间体8与盐酸乙醇溶液和氨的乙醇溶液反应得到中间体9,中间体9与氯甲酸己酯反应,得到达比加群酯;将中间体8与氢氧化钠反应再与氯代烷烃反应得到中间体10,中间体10与盐酸乙醇和盐酸羟胺反应得到中间体11,中间体11与氨基酸反应得到达比加群的酯衍生物(I1-40)
实施例1:3-[[[2-[[[4-[[[(己氧基)羰基]氨基]亚氨甲基]苯基]氨基]甲基]-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基]羰基](吡啶-2-基)氨基]丙酸乙酯(达比加群酯)的制备
1)3-(吡啶-2-亚胺)-丙酸乙酯(2)的合成
氮气保护下,在化合物2-氨基吡啶(11.2g,0.12mol)中加入丙烯酸乙酯(13.8g,0.14mol),在10℃下搅拌回流24h,滤去析出物,残余浓缩后柱层析纯化得到白色固体10g。
2)4-胺甲基-3-硝基-苯甲酸(4)的合成
在4-氯-3-硝基苯甲酸(10.0g,0.05mol)中加入33%的甲胺水溶液50mL,使体系在110℃下反应6小时。加入冰乙酸将pH值调至4。静置过夜,析出大量黄色固体,滤去溶液,得黄色固体7.1g。
3)4-胺甲基-3-硝基-苯甲酰氯(5)的合成
将化合物4(5.8g,0.03mol)溶于70mol二氯亚砜中,回流2小时,减压浓缩,残余物加30mL的二氯甲烷,使其溶解,直接进行下一步反应。
4)3-[(4-胺甲基-3-硝基-苯甲酰)-吡啶-2-亚胺]-丙酸乙酯(6)的合成
将化合物2(5.8g,0.03mol)溶于15mL的二氯甲烷和15mL的三乙胺中,室温小缓慢加入化合物6的二氯甲烷溶液。使混合体系在室温下反应12小时,滤去析出物,残余物经柱层析纯化得到无定形黄色固体10.5g。
5)3-[(3-氨基-4-胺甲基-苯甲酰)-吡啶-2-亚胺]-丙酸乙酯(7)的合成
将化合物6(10.5g,0.03mol)溶于120mL无水乙醇中,加入1.0g 10%钯碳,反应过夜,过滤,浓缩得到化合物9.2g。
6)3-[[[2-[[(4-氰基苯基)氨基]甲基]-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基]羰基](吡啶-2-基)氨基]丙酸乙酯(8)的合成
1-(4-氰基-苯亚胺)-乙酸(1.8g,0.01mol)、EDC1(1.9g,0.01mol)、1-羟基苯并三唑(1.35g,0.01mol)溶于THF(35ml)和DMF(5ml)混合液中。冰水浴中搅拌35min,升至室温,缓慢滴加7(3.1g,0.009mol)的THF(15ml)溶液。加毕搅拌6h。蒸去溶剂,加入二氯甲烷(30ml),用饱和盐水(5mL x 3)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥后过滤,滤液浓缩至干,剩余物中加冰乙酸(45ml),加热回流2h,减压浓缩至干,剩余物中加入浓氨水(15ml),室温搅拌30min蒸去溶剂,剩余物中加入二氯甲烷(25ml),经饱和盐水(5mL x 3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后过滤,滤液浓缩至干,剩余物经柱色谱纯化,得无定形黄色固体3.1g。
7)3-[[[2-[[(4-脒基苯基)氨基]甲基]-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基]羰基](吡啶-2-基)氨基]丙酸乙酯(9)的合成
将化合物8(1.9g,0.04mol)溶于无水乙醇中(30mL)中,通入干燥的氯化氢至饱和,室温搅拌过夜,减压蒸去溶剂,加入无水乙醇(25mL)。通入氨气至饱和,室温搅拌过夜。浓缩至干,柱层析纯化得到白色固体1.7g。
8)3-[[[2-[[[4-[[[(己氧基)羰基]氨基]亚氨甲基]苯基]氨基]甲基]-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基]羰基](吡啶-2-基)氨基]丙酸乙酯(达比加群酯)的合成
将化合物9(1.0g,0.002mol)和碳酸钾(0.8g,0.006mol)溶于THF(50mL)和水(10mL)的混合溶液中。室温搅拌0.5小时,加入氯甲酸正己酯(0.33g,0.002mol),室温搅拌1小时。分出有机层,蒸干,柱层析纯化,得白色固体0.75g,mp 128-130℃。ESI-MS(m/z):628[M+H]+,650[M+Na]+;1H NMR(DMAO-d6,400MHz)δ:0.88(t,J=9.0Hz,3H,CH3),113(t,J=8.4Hz,3H,CH3),1.27-1.37(m,6H,CH2CH2CH2),1.57-1.61(m,2H,CH2),2.68(t,J=14.4Hz,2H,CH2),3.77(s,3H,CH3),3.95-4.01(m,4H,2CH2),4.22(t,J=14.4Hz,2H,CH2),4.61(d,J=5.6Hz,2H,CH2),6.76(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,ArH),6.89(d,J=7.6Hz,1H,ArH),6.96(t,1H,NH),7.10-7.14(m,1H,ArH),7.16(dd,J=8.8Hz,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.42(d,J=8.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.47(d,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.52(dt,J=10.4Hz,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.82(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,ArH),8.40(dq,J=4.8Hz,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),8.50-9.30(br s,2H,NH2)。
实施例2:N-[[2-(((4-(((2-氨丙基)氧基)脒基)-苯基)-氨基-甲基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基)-羰基]N-(吡啶-2-基)-β-丙氨酸甲酯(I1)的制备
1)N-[[2-(((4-氰基-苯基)-氨基-甲基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基)-羰基]N-(吡啶-2-基)-β-丙氨酸甲酯(10a)的合成
将5.0g中间体8溶于200mL乙醇中,加入1N的氢氧化钠溶液10mL,室温下搅拌反应至水解完全,蒸干,以20mLDMF溶解,加入1.76g碘甲烷,室温搅拌24小时,浓缩,柱分离得到4.0g目标中间体。
2)N-[[2-(((4-(N-羟基脒基)-苯基)-氨基-甲基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基)-羰基]N-(吡啶-2-基)-β-丙氨酸甲酯(11a)的合成
将4.0g中间体10a溶于100mL乙醇中,冷却到0℃,通入干燥的氯化氢气体至饱和,室温搅拌过夜,蒸干溶剂残余物中加入100mL乙醇,在冷却条件下缓慢加入4.0g三乙胺,然后加入0.8g盐酸羟胺,并在室温下搅拌2小时,抽滤,乙醇和二氯甲烷重结晶,得到白色固体2.5g。
3)N-[[2-(((4-(((2-叔丁氧基羰基氨基丙基)氧基)脒基)-苯基)-氨基-甲基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基)-羰基]-N-(吡啶-2-基)-β-丙氨酸甲酯的合成
将12g化合物11a溶解在乙腈中,加入Boc-丙氨酸2.5g,4-DMAP(0.16g)和DCC,室温搅拌24小时,蒸干溶剂,柱层析得到目标中间体1.1g。1H NMR(DMAO-d6,400MHz)δ:0.95-111(m,9H,CH3),1.13(t,J=8.4Hz,3H,CH3),1.45(d,J=8.4Hz,3H,CH3),2.68(t,J=14.4Hz,2H,CH2),3.77(s,3H,CH3),3.95-4.01(m,2H,CH2),3.95-4.01(m,1H,CH),4.61(d,J=5.6Hz,2H,CH2),6.76(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,ArH),6.89(d,J=7.6Hz,1H,ArH),6.96(t,1H,NH),7.10-7.14(m,1H,ArH),7.16(dd,J=8.8Hz,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.42(d,J=8.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.47(d,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.52(dt,J=10.4Hz,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.82(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,ArH),8.40(dq,J=4.8Hz,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),8.50-9.30(br s,2H,NH2),9.50(br,1H,NH)。
4)N-[[2-(((4-(((2-氨丙基)氧基)脒基)-苯基)-氨基-甲基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基)-羰基]-N-(吡啶-2-基)-β-丙氨酸甲酯(I 1)的合成
将上步产物溶解在盐酸乙酸乙酯中,室温搅拌过夜,过滤,乙醚洗,得到白色的目标产物0.8g。1H NMR(DMAO-d6,400MHz)δ:1.13(t,J=8.4Hz,3H,CH3),1.45(d,J=8.4Hz,3H,CH3),2.68(t,J=14.4Hz,2H,CH2),3.77(s,3H,CH3),3.95-4.01(m,2H,CH2),3.95-4.01(m,1H,CH),4.61(d,J=5.6Hz,2H,CH2),5.25(br,2H,NH2),6.76(d,J=8.8Hz,2H,ArH),6.89(d,J=7.6Hz,1H,ArH),6.96(t,1H,NH),7.10-7.14(m,1H,ArH),7.16(dd,J=8.8Hz,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.42(d,J=8.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.47(d,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.52(dt,J=10.4Hz,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),7.82(d,J=8.6Hz,2H,ArH),8.40(dq,J=4.8Hz,J=1.6Hz,1H,ArH),8.50-9.30(br s,2H,NH2)。
参照实施例1和实施例2的操作,区别在于选用不同的羧酸酯与不同的氨基酸侧链反应,得到式I 2-I 40的化合物,化合物列表见表1。
表1化合物I 2-I 40列表
实施例3:抗凝活性评价-活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPPT)的测定
将质量18-20g的昆明小鼠,随机分组,每组10只,禁食过夜。将达比加群酯及待测目标化合物悬浮或溶解于1%的羧甲基纤维素钠的水溶液中,配成1mg/mL的浓度,按10mg/Kg的剂量(折合成达比加群计算)灌胃给药,半小时后通过心脏穿刺取血,加入4%枸杞酸钠溶液至0.4%终浓度抗凝,12000r/min离心5分钟,取血浆0.1mL,加入aPPT试剂0.1mL,37℃预温3分钟后,加入37℃预温的氯化钙溶液0.1mL,用血小板聚集凝血因子分析仪测定凝固时间,即为aPPT值。结果见表2。
表2活化部分凝血活酶时间(aPPT)的测定结果
Claims (4)
1.具有式Ⅰ结构的达比加群的酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中,
R1代表甲基;R2代表脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸基团。
2.具有式Ⅰ结构的达比加群的酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,为如下结构式所代表的化合物:
其中,R1和R2分别定义如下:
I5:R1为-CH3,R2为脯氨酸基团,即
I6:R1为-CH3,R2为苯丙氨酸基团,即
I18:R1为-CH3,R2为组氨酸基团,即
I30:R1为-CH2CH3,R2为丝氨酸基团,即
3.一种药物组合物,其包括至少一种如权利要求1或2所述的式Ⅰ结构的达比加群的酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。
4.权利要求1或2所述的式Ⅰ结构的达比加群的酯衍生物或其药学上可接受的盐在用于制备凝血酶抑制剂方面的应用。
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