CN102797825A - Vehicular closed self-circulation differential infinitely variable speed transmission gearbox - Google Patents
Vehicular closed self-circulation differential infinitely variable speed transmission gearbox Download PDFInfo
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- CN102797825A CN102797825A CN2012103051294A CN201210305129A CN102797825A CN 102797825 A CN102797825 A CN 102797825A CN 2012103051294 A CN2012103051294 A CN 2012103051294A CN 201210305129 A CN201210305129 A CN 201210305129A CN 102797825 A CN102797825 A CN 102797825A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vehicular closed self-circulation differential infinitely variable speed transmission gearbox. A main gearbox is a closed self-circulation differential mechanism composed of two planet rows and is capable of generating one gear and infinitely variable speed torque gear accelerated to direct gear from the one gear; an auxiliary gearbox is a speed changing mechanism in any form for realizing reverse gear and other additional gears; a power source is used for simultaneously shunting power to a sun wheel of the first planet row and a sun wheel of the second planet row; gear rings of a second row of planet mechanisms and gear rings of a first row of planet mechanisms are connected through a clutch; a rotating arm of the second planet row is used as an output shaft for transmitting power to the auxiliary gearbox; in addition, due to combination of the two rows of planet mechanisms, self-circulation closed differential motion can be generated, and therefore, the output shaft can generate infinitely variable speeds and variable torques. The vehicular closed self-circulation differential infinitely variable speed transmission gearbox disclosed by the invention has the advantages of good acceleration property, simple structure, low manufacture cost, low noise, high transmission efficiency and the like, is reliable to use, and can be applied to various vehicles and travelling mechanisms.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of automobile-used stepless transfer gear box.Be applicable to all kinds of running mechanisms and vehicle, like car, degree type truck, engineering construction vehicle, mine haulage vehicle, tractor, military vehicle or the like.
Background technique
Stepless transfer gear box because of having optimal acceleration torque characteristic curve, so it can obtain best acceleration performance, thereby obtains the shortest time for acceleration.Because of gear is few, handiness is pursued so it is automobile and traveling vehicle industry always again.
Currently often be referred to as automobile-used stepless transfer gear box and have by people:
1. hydraulic pressure automatic transmission case (AT-Automatic transmission)----it be not stepless transmission truly; But add gearbox by the combination of planetary mechanism and multi-disc wet clutch by torque converter; And by electrichydraulic control, the gearbox of the many grades of automatic powers gearshifts that fluid power manipulation multi-disc wet clutch is realized.
2. metal belt type stepless variable case (CVT-Continuously Variable Transmission)----this be that truly stepless change becomes and to turn round gearbox.It is to rely on the frictional force of metal tape to realize transmission of power, relies on tapered dish diameter variation realization stepless change and change to turn round.But its velocity ratio, all there are considerable restraint in carry-over moment ability and life-span, so only be used for dilly.
3. double clutch gearbox; (DCT-Dual clutch Transmission) or claim direct shift transmission (DSG-Direct shift Gearbox)----this be not infinitely variable transmission truly; It is with the automatically controlled power gear shifting of realizing, overcomes kinetic current discontinuous in when gearshift with double clutch.It is actually the modified model of AMT (manually automatic speed change Automated Mechanical Transmission).
4. hydrostatic drive (Hydrostatic power Drive)----this be that gearbox is turned round in truly the stepless change of stepless change.But it is not a mechanical transmission, and there are very big problem in its manufacture cost and transmission efficiency, are confined to use on engineering machinery and the military vehicle.
Electric motor car is still arranged in addition,, meet the stepless change requirement because of the starting torque external characteristics of motor is near the hyperbola form.But it is electronic but not mechanical transmission, and torque ratio is limited by motor also.。
In sum, the today after having crossed over more than 100 year of threeth century, automobile does not also use and goes up satisfied stepless transfer gear box.This is the helpless and shortcoming of automobile.Countless people are at the infinitely variable transmission of special gear lapping wheel differential gearing.I prove theoretically, all differential gearings with two power sources inputs, and the differential gearing of for example importing as power source with pump impeller and turbine can not get corresponding stepless change and turns round though can obtain stepless change.The stepless speed changing mechanism of this differential gearing, many as amplifying slewing ranges, or only only be used in the need speed change and need not become on the helper drive of turning round, and can not be used for vehicle driving.
Owing to do not see that theoretic breakthrough is arranged so far.So do not see that always having real is that the stepless change of the usefulness that is used for vehicle driving of transmission becomes and turns round gearbox with the gear.Patent of the present invention just is based on that key has important breakthrough in theory on this field.At first being based on has prominent important breakthrough on the torsional analysis, in stepless change breakthrough is arranged in theory again thereupon, just progressively produces patent of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is to be transmission component with the gear; Adopt the above planet row combination of two rows or two rows; Make it produce the differential gearing of sealing self-loopa; Thereby make output shaft both on speed, obtain stepless change, on moment of torsion, obtain corresponding stepless change again and turn round, thereby make it become the infinitely variable transmission that truly can be used for vehicle driving.
Technological scheme of the present invention is following:
The present invention is a kind of automobile-used sealing self-loopa Differential Stepless Variator Drives gearbox, divides main tank and odd-side.The differential transmission mechanism of the sealing self-loopa that main tank is made up of two planets row can produce one grade and turn round shelves by one grade of stepless change change that accelerates to direct high, and this is the main body of gearbox, is the core of patent.Odd-side is any pattern gear for realize reversing gear (or adding overdirve gear or low-low in addition), and is irrelevant with technology of the present invention.The odd-side of this legend be reverse gear+low-low.
The characteristics of power source of the present invention are: it shunts power to first row's sun gear Z simultaneously
A1With secondary sun gear Z
A2Make the gear ring Z of the second rows of planetary mechanism through clutch B
B2Gear ring Z with the first rows of planetary mechanism
B1Be connected, thereby make the combination results self-loopa of this two-row planetary mechanism seal differential motion, thereby make output shaft z
H2Produce the self-loopa stepless change.At output shaft z
H2Produce the infinite variable speed while, also produce corresponding stepless change and turn round, thereby obtain that infinitely variable transmission is desired can stepless change to become the performance that has corresponding stepless change to turn round again simultaneously.
The present invention has series of advantages such as acceleration machine performance is good, simple in structure, and cost is low, uses reliably, and easy to operate, noise is low, and transmission efficiency is high, and is easy to maintenance.Can be used on various types of vehicles and the traveller.Because be the gear planetary mechanism, so compact structure, transmission efficiency is high, can transmit the load of any grade, and load is seen its advantage more greatly more.Also have reliability durability and noise to hang down and series of advantages such as maintenance and repair make things convenient for simultaneously.But the advantage of the present invention on performance also is the advantage on the most important advantage, particularly acceleration performance, but this needs to do the contrast explanation with data.
With regard to the calculating of making comparisons of the unit friction work of acceleration performance and clutch, resulting result is following:
The hypothesis of the vehicle basic parameter when (1) relatively calculating:
Known assumed conditions: 1. manual each grade velocity ratio: one grade of i
1=4, second gear i
2=2.5; Third gear i
3=1.6; Fourth gear i
4One grade of velocity ratio i of=1 gearbox 2. of the present invention
1=4; 3. vehicle weight G
Car=1500kgf, 4. wheel rolling half is through r=350mm=0.35m; (usually between 0.3-0.4) be back sedan-chair final ratio i 5.
Main=4, (usually at 3.5-4.7) be engine moment Mi=M 6.
T=15Kgf-m; (G
CarThe car of=1500kgf, discharge capacity is the 1.5-2.0 liter usually.1.5 the 7. coefficient of rolling resistance f=0.018 ∴ automobile rolling dynamic resistance F about 15Kgf-m of engine torque capabilities might that rises),
Roll resistance=1500 kilopond * f=27 kilogram force=27kgf; 8. be that calculations incorporated is actual, engine speed is ni=3000 rev/min when supposing gearshift.9. the performance of torque converter is not considered.
(2) relatively calculate resulting time for acceleration t by the theory simplification: (, calculating time for acceleration t) to accelerate to 100 kilometers/hour
1. conventional manual gearbox is 1.5 liters like engine displacement: t=16.3 second
Like engine displacement is 2 liters: t=12.23 second
2. gearbox of the present invention is 1.5 liters like engine displacement: t=7.96+1.59685=9.56 second such as engine displacement are 2 liters: t=7.17 second
(3) relatively calculate the clutch slipping merit by the theory simplification: (, calculating unit friction work) to accelerate to 100 kilometers/hour
1. conventional speed change case such as discharge capacity are 1.5 liters unit friction work: L=16699.75Kgf-m
2. this programme gearbox such as discharge capacity are 1.5 liters of unit friction work:＜776.2Kgf-m
Conclusion: acceleration performance of the present invention obviously is superior to the conventional speed change case, and the unit friction work of clutch in whole cohesive process is also extremely low.So it is functional.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1-first planet row pivoted arm h
1(Z
H1); The 2-input shaft (joins a
1And a
2); 3---first planet row sun gear a
1(Z
A1); The 4---first planet toothrow circle b
1(Z
B1); The 5---second planet toothrow circle b
2(Z
B2); 6---second planet row sun gear a
2(Z
B2); 7---second planet row pivoted arm h
2(Z
H2); 8--break A; 9---clutch B; The 10--main tank; The 11--odd-side
Embodiment
Structure diagram of the present invention is seen Fig. 1, divides main tank and odd-side.Main tank is arranged the differential transmission mechanism of the sealing self-loopa of forming by two planets, promptly is made up of the first rows of planetary mechanism and the second rows of planetary mechanism.The first rows of planetary mechanism includes: first planet row pivoted arm 1, input shaft 2, first planet row's sun gear 3 and the first planet toothrow circle 4.The second rows of planetary mechanism includes: the second planet toothrow circle 5, second planet row sun gear 6, second planet row's pivoted arm 7 and input shaft 2.The power of first row and the second rows of planetary mechanism is all obtained by input shaft 2 shuntings that same power source drives.The first planet toothrow circle 4 is connected through clutch 9 with the second planet toothrow circle 5, and clutch 9 links with break 8 again, and promptly break 8 is thrown off when clutch 9 engages, and break 8 is dead with the first planet toothrow circle, 4 systems when clutch 9 is thrown off.Such mechanism can produce one grade and become by one grade of stepless change that accelerates to direct high and to turn round shelves.This is the main body of gearbox of the present invention, also is the core of patent of the present invention.Odd-side just is the gear of any pattern of realize reversing gear (or adding overdirve gear or low-low in addition), and this paper seldom gives unnecessary details.This programme odd-side be with reverse gear+low-low be example.
The drive path of the automobile-used sealing self-loopa of the present invention Differential Stepless Variator Drives gearbox:
(1) one grade: turbine T passes to first planet row sun gear 3 with power through sequence number 2 input shafts, the dead first planet toothrow circle 4 of break 8 systems this moment, promptly this moment the first planet toothrow circle 4 rotation speed n
B1=0.Clutch 9 link with break 8, when the dead first planet toothrow circle 4 of break 8 systems, and clutch 9 disengagements.Therefore this moment first planet row just to become with the sun gear be the power input link, the first planet toothrow circle 4 is fixing, is the Gear Planet Transmission of output link with first planet row pivoted arm 1, is one grade of operating mode this moment.Therefore clutch 9 is thrown off the time again, so the second planet emptying is changeed.Again because of first planet row pivoted arm 1 is connected with second planet row pivoted arm, 7 usefulness splines, so the power of first planet row pivoted arm 1 is exported to odd-side through second planet row pivoted arm 7 with one grade of rotating speed and moment.
(2) turn round shelves by one grade of stepless change change that accelerates to direct high: infinite variable speed generation: turbine T arranges sun gear 6 for respectively first planet row's sun gear 3 and second planet power biography through sequence number 2 input shafts.First planet row's sun gear 3 and second planet row sun gear 6 are same axles.When break 8 progressively unclamps, clutch 9 progressively combines.First planet row pivoted arm 1 is that interior external splines is connected with second planet row pivoted arm 7.Parameter designing guarantees the rotation speed n of the second planet toothrow circle 5
B2The rotation speed n of＞the first planet toothrow circle 4
B1The rotation speed n of the second planet toothrow circle 5
B2Through clutch 9 rotating speed is passed to the first planet toothrow circle 4, along with the rotation speed n of the first planet toothrow circle 4
B1Rise; First planet row's pivoted arm 1 and second planet row pivoted arm, 7 rotating speeds are risen; From and the rotating speed of the second planet toothrow circle 5 and the first planet toothrow circle 4 is risen, make first planet row pivoted arm 1 and second planet row pivoted arm, 7 rotating speeds that continue rise again, thereby have produced the circulation acceleration.From the process of clutch rate x=0 → 1, car speed is elevated to direct high speed from first gear speed in this process.In this whole process, turn round the operating mode operation with the stepless change change.
Driving riding manipulation method when manual:
Gearbox of the present invention can adopt self shifter and manual shift.It is automatically controlled that self shifter belongs to, so hereinafter is example with the manual shift.
Manual operation method of the present invention is similar with the conventional manual gearbox, because of it does not need to shift gears step by step, so operation is much simple.The concrete narration as follows:
(1) neutral gear:----handle is placed on neutral position.Then the major-minor gearbox connects disengagement.
(2) direct high (promptly turning round shelves by one grade of stepless change change that accelerates to direct high):----let slip the clutch, handle is placed on direct gear.At the 1.5-2 pedal that lets the clutch be slipped in second, then operating mode can accelerate to direct high speed from first gear speed automatically by the stepless change rule then.
(3) one grades:----let slip the clutch, handle is placed on direct gear, needs only let slip the clutch always, then can be in one grade of operating mode always, and can be in one grade of operating mode work for a long time.Make the dead throw-out-of clutch of break system during because of let slip the clutch, so let slip the clutch for a long time.
(4) reverse gear and low reverse gear:-----let slip the clutch, handle is placed on the reverse gear gear.Two speed of having reversed gear: the 1. 1.5-2 pedal that lets the clutch be slipped in second, then vehicle can make speed change to reverse gear from low reverse gear automatically by the stepless change rule.2. as always let slip the clutch then is in low reverse gear operating mode always.
(5) low-grade and low-low:------let slip the clutch, handle is placed on low-grade gear.Low retaining has two speed: the 1. 1.5-2 pedal that lets the clutch be slipped in second, then vehicle can make speed from the low-low low grade that changes to automatically by the stepless change rule.2. as always let slip the clutch then is in low-low operating mode always.
Major-minor gearbox combination just of the present invention can obtain 6 shelves: promptly one grade, and direct high, low grade, low-low, reverse gear and hang down and reverse gear.
Key theory of the present invention break-through point:
The present invention is the research through my several years, is based on to have had on the key theory to break through to obtain.
1, find through extremely complicated analysis and calculating: can not have corresponding change to turn round though all differential gearings of being imported by two power sources can produce stepless change.Briefly be that speed change and change are turned round irrelevant.And rotating ratio and the torque ratio of working as the sealing differential gearing of being imported by a power source are proportional.
2, when the change in torque of research sealing differential gearing, found to be referred to as " the moment of torsion factor " i by me
XbMulti-form sealing differential gearing has different " the moment of torsion factor " i
Xb" the moment of torsion factor " i in the present invention program
Xb=(Z
B1/ Z
A1) * (n
B2/ n
a).And obtained by derivation: power source is shunted to gear ring b
1Moment of torsion ratio value=i
Xb/ (i
Xb+ 1).Power source is defeated by moment of torsion ratio value=1-i of sun gear a1 and a2
Xb/ (i
Xb+ 1).This important change in torque that is found to be micro-analysis research sealing differential gearing has found key.
3, the present invention has found a kind of interior circulation sealing differential gearing scheme.Can derive and there emerged a the infinite variable speed equation of basic building block.Work as P
1=3 o'clock, its equation was: the N time circulation rotating speed:
n
B1-N=(1+1/P
2) * n
H1-(N-1)-(1/P
2) * n
A2And n
H1-N=n
B1-N/ (1+1/P
1)+n
A1/ (1+P
1)
Utilization " the moment of torsion factor " i
XbFind that the present invention program adopts the i of interior circulation differential gearing
XbBe variable, the i of the N time circulation time
Xb-N=P1* (n
B2-(N-1)/ n
a)
N in the formula
B2-(N-1)=n
B2-(N-1)=(1+1/P2) * n
H1-(N-2)-(1/P2) * n
A2
Know i by equation
XbWith the proportional relation of rotation speed change, turn round so can produce stepless change.
4, though the sealing differential gearing scheme that circulates in the present invention has stepless change simultaneously and performance is turned round in stepless change, there is the rotating speed equilibrium problem of each basic building block.Math equation proves, in the clutch cohesive process, can find the solution moment rotating speed equilibrium equation: when P1=3
n
h=n
a(P
2-3*x)/(P
2(4-3*x (1+1/P
2)) and n
B2-1=(1+1/P
2) * n
H1-(1/P
2) * n
a
X is the clutch rate in the formula
Since can derive the rotating speed equilibrium equation, just explain in the clutch cohesive process, but the rotating speed of each member is a balance, is hands-off.
Claims (4)
1. automobile-used sealing self-loopa Differential Stepless Variator Drives gearbox; Divide main tank and odd-side; It is characterized in that: main tank is arranged the differential attachment of the sealing self-loopa of forming by two planets; Can produce one grade and one grade stepless change change that accelerates to direct high and turn round shelves, it is the main body of gearbox, also is the core of patent of the present invention.Odd-side is to reverse gear or add overdirve gear or low-low any pattern gear in addition for realizing.
2. automobile-used sealing self-loopa Differential Stepless Variator Drives gearbox according to claim 1 is characterized in that: main tank is arranged the differential transmission mechanism of the sealing self-loopa of forming by two planets, promptly is made up of the first rows of planetary mechanism and the second rows of planetary mechanism; The first rows of planetary mechanism includes: first planet row pivoted arm (1), input shaft (2), first planet row's sun gear (3) and the first planet toothrow circle (4); The second rows of planetary mechanism includes: the second planet toothrow circle (5), second planet row sun gear (6), second planet row's pivoted arm (7) and input shaft (2).The power of first row and the second rows of planetary mechanism is all obtained through input shaft (2) shunting by same power source T.The first planet toothrow circle (4) is connected through clutch (9) with the second planet toothrow circle (5); Clutch (9) links with break (8) again; Promptly break (8) is thrown off when clutch (9) engages, and break (8) is dead with the first planet toothrow circle (4) system when clutch (9) is thrown off.
3. automobile-used sealing self-loopa Differential Stepless Variator Drives gearbox according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: power source shunts power to first planet row's sun gear (3) and second planet row sun gear (6) simultaneously; Through clutch (9) the second planet toothrow circle (5) is connected with the first planet toothrow circle (4), thereby makes the combination results self-loopa sealing differential motion of this two-row planetary mechanism, output shaft-for example second planet row's pivoted arm (7) produces stepless change thereby make; Producing the infinite variable speed while at output shaft also produces corresponding stepless change and turns round.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described automobile-used sealing self-loopa Differential Stepless Variator Drives gearboxes, its drive path is:
(1) one grade: turbine T passes to first planet row sun gear (3) through input shaft (2) with power, and break this moment (8) is made the dead first planet toothrow circle (4), makes the rotation speed n of the first planet toothrow circle (4)
B1=0.Because of the interlock of clutch (9) and break (8), when the dead first planet toothrow circle (4) of break (8) system, clutch (9) is thrown off; This moment first planet row just to become with the sun gear be the power input link, the first planet toothrow circle (4) is fixing, is the Gear Planet Transmission of output link with first planet row's pivoted arm (1).Be one grade of operating mode this moment; Therefore clutch (9) is thrown off the time, so the second planet emptying is changeed; Again because of first planet row's pivoted arm (1) is connected with spline with second planet row's pivoted arm (7), so the power of first planet row's pivoted arm (1) is exported to odd-side through second planet row's pivoted arm (7) with one grade of rotating speed and moment.
(2) turn round shelves by one grade of stepless change change that accelerates to direct high: infinite variable speed generation: turbine T passes power through input shaft (2) and arranges sun gear (6) for respectively first planet row's sun gear (3) and second planet; First planet row's sun gear (3) and second planet row's sun gear (6) are same axles.When break (8) when progressively unclamping, clutch (9) can progressively combine; First planet row's pivoted arm (1) is that interior external splines is connected with second planet row's pivoted arm (7); Parameter designing guarantees the rotation speed n of the second planet toothrow circle (5)
B2The rotation speed n of＞the first planet toothrow circle (4)
B1The rotation speed n of the second planet toothrow circle (5)
B2Through clutch (9) rotating speed is passed to the first planet toothrow circle (4), along with the rotation speed n of the first planet toothrow circle (4)
B1Rise; First planet row's pivoted arm (1) and second planet row pivoted arm (7) rotating speed are risen; From and the rotating speed of the second planet toothrow circle (5) and the first planet toothrow circle (4) is risen; Make first planet row's pivoted arm (1) and second planet row pivoted arm (7) rotating speed that continue rise again, and quicken thereby produced circulation; From the process of clutch rate x=0 → 1, car speed is elevated to direct high speed from first gear speed in this process; In this whole process, turn round the operating mode operation with the stepless change change.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012103051294A CN102797825A (en) | 2012-08-27 | 2012-08-27 | Vehicular closed self-circulation differential infinitely variable speed transmission gearbox |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012103051294A CN102797825A (en) | 2012-08-27 | 2012-08-27 | Vehicular closed self-circulation differential infinitely variable speed transmission gearbox |
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| CN102797825A true CN102797825A (en) | 2012-11-28 |
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Citations (8)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1309598A (en) * | 1969-04-23 | 1973-03-14 | Ikarus Karosszeria | Planetary transmission particularly for automobiles |
| CN1099108A (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1995-02-22 | 张卫民 | Variable speed unit for hydraulic differential control machinery |
| US20040147357A1 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-07-29 | Gerhard Gumpoltsberger | Multi-stage transmission |
| CN101055024A (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2007-10-17 | 贵州凯星液力传动机械有限公司 | Commutation mechanism for vehicle gear box |
| CN101260920A (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-10 | 杨国辉 | Velocity feedback stepless speed changer |
| CN101303064A (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-12 | 杨国辉 | Differential feedback stepless speed changer |
| CN102537269A (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2012-07-04 | 北京理工大学 | Three-section hydraulic mechanical continuous stageless transmission device and method thereof |
| CN103821924A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-05-28 | 刘贽宾 | 400-level continuously variable transmission with rotation of 1200 degrees |
-
2012
- 2012-08-27 CN CN2012103051294A patent/CN102797825A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1309598A (en) * | 1969-04-23 | 1973-03-14 | Ikarus Karosszeria | Planetary transmission particularly for automobiles |
| CN1099108A (en) * | 1994-06-20 | 1995-02-22 | 张卫民 | Variable speed unit for hydraulic differential control machinery |
| US20040147357A1 (en) * | 2003-01-21 | 2004-07-29 | Gerhard Gumpoltsberger | Multi-stage transmission |
| CN101260920A (en) * | 2007-03-09 | 2008-09-10 | 杨国辉 | Velocity feedback stepless speed changer |
| CN101303064A (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2008-11-12 | 杨国辉 | Differential feedback stepless speed changer |
| CN101055024A (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2007-10-17 | 贵州凯星液力传动机械有限公司 | Commutation mechanism for vehicle gear box |
| CN102537269A (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2012-07-04 | 北京理工大学 | Three-section hydraulic mechanical continuous stageless transmission device and method thereof |
| CN103821924A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-05-28 | 刘贽宾 | 400-level continuously variable transmission with rotation of 1200 degrees |
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Application publication date: 20121128 |