CN102770577B - In-Ga-Sn系氧化物烧结体、靶、氧化物半导体膜、及半导体元件 - Google Patents
In-Ga-Sn系氧化物烧结体、靶、氧化物半导体膜、及半导体元件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102770577B CN102770577B CN201180010725.3A CN201180010725A CN102770577B CN 102770577 B CN102770577 B CN 102770577B CN 201180010725 A CN201180010725 A CN 201180010725A CN 102770577 B CN102770577 B CN 102770577B
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B35/453—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
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Abstract
一种氧化物烧结体,以下述式(1)~(3)的原子比包含铟元素(In)、镓元素(Ga)以及锡元素(Sn)。0.10≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(1)0.10≤Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.55(2)0.0001<Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(3)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及In-Ga-Sn系氧化物烧结体、溅射靶、氧化物半导体膜、以及半导体元件。
背景技术
包含氧化铟的非晶质的氧化物膜具有可见光透射性,并且,从导电体、半导体至绝缘体具有宽的电特性,因此,作为透明导电膜和用于薄膜晶体管等的半导体膜备受瞩目。
作为氧化物膜的成膜方法,研究了溅射、PLD(脉冲激光沉积)、蒸镀等物理成膜、以及溶胶法等化学成膜。其中,作为能够在比较低的温度下大面积均匀地成膜的方法,以溅射法、PLD法、电子射线束蒸镀法等物理成膜为中心进行研究。在通过物理成膜法形成氧化物薄膜时,为了均匀、稳定、高效、以高成膜速度成膜,通常使用由氧化物烧结体构成的靶。特别是将由氧化物烧结体构成的靶应用于溅射法时,量产性优良,因此,能够用于平板显示器等大面积用途。
关于氧化物烧结体,自从由细川、中村等发现包含氧化铟和氧化锌的n型半导体材料以来、特别是包含氧化铟和氧化锌的各种氧化物半导体备受瞩目(专利文献1)。最近,研究了将利用由氧化铟、氧化镓以及氧化锌构成的靶制作的非晶质氧化物半导体膜作为薄膜晶体管驱动的方法(专利文献2)。但是,大量包含氧化锌的非晶质氧化物半导体膜具有能够用有机酸系蚀刻液(例如,草酸蚀刻液)进行湿式蚀刻的优点,另一方面,存在在无机酸系湿式蚀刻液(例如磷酸/硝酸/乙酸的混酸湿式蚀刻液)中也容易溶解、与Mo(钼)或Al(铝)等的湿式蚀刻的选择比小的课题。另外,包含氧化锌的非晶质氧化物半导体膜存在通过干式蚀刻图形形成时蚀刻速度慢的课题。
另一方面,为了解决这些课题,公开了在氧化铟、氧化镓、氧化锌中加入了氧化锡的氧化物半导体膜以及用于其制作的溅射靶(专利文献3)。但是,由氧化铟、氧化镓、氧化锌以及氧化锡构成的溅射靶,存在要管理的元素数多、制造工序和品质管理变复杂的课题。
另外,如果包含锌元素,则在硅基板上等的含Si层上制作各种元件时,锌元素向含Si层内扩散,从而存在特性变差的课题,能够适用的元件构成受到限制。
另外,公开了由氧化铟、氧化镓以及氧化锡构成的氧化物薄膜以及用于制作氧化物薄膜的靶。但是,进行了以透明导电膜为目标的研究,而没有对氧化物半导体膜、特别是薄膜晶体管进行研究。另外,也不是铟含量多、适于氧化物半导体膜的制作的靶(专利文献3)。
另外,公开了在称为T相的范围内能够合成由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16表示的化合物。但是,没有进行在靶中的应用、在氧化物半导体膜制作中的应用等(非专利文献1)。
另外,进行了由氧化铟、氧化镓以及氧化锡构成的氧化物烧结体靶的研究(专利文献4、5)。但是,该研究是意图透明导电膜的制作的研究,对于形成半导体膜而言组成比不合适,也没有进行适于半导体成膜时的性状的研究。
另外,研究了通过使用InGaSnO5靶,形成InGaSnOx(4≤x≤5)薄膜,从而得到薄膜晶体管的活性层(专利文献6)。但是,没有进行适当的靶性状、靶的制造方法的研究、适合工艺的组成比的研究等。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2006-114928号公报
专利文献2:国际公开第2009/075281号小册子
专利文献3:国际公开第2008/139654号小册子
专利文献4:国际公开第2009/128424号小册子
专利文献5:日本特开2000-129432号公报
专利文献6:日本特开2007-123661号公报
非专利文献
非专利文献1:D.D.Edwardset.al.,Appl.Phys.Lett.70(13),(1997)1706
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供适于半导体元件的制作时的图形形成工序的氧化物半导体膜、以及能够形成上述半导体膜的氧化物烧结体。
本发明人反复进行了深入的研究,结果发现,通过包含氧化锡而不包含氧化锌的组成(由氧化铟、氧化镓、氧化锡构成的组成)的氧化物烧结体靶,不会使元素数增加,能够制作对无机酸系湿式蚀刻液(例如磷酸/硝酸/乙酸的混酸湿式蚀刻液)具有耐性的氧化物半导体膜。另外发现,通过该靶,能够制作与由氧化铟、氧化镓、氧化锌构成的半导体膜显示出同等的特性的半导体膜。
另外发现,通过选定氧化锡的组成比,也能够提高干式蚀刻时的选择比。
另外发现了包含由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16(式中,X为0~1)表示的结晶结构的化合物的制造条件。发现,通过包含由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16表示的结晶结构的化合物,得到电阻低、密度高、具有作为靶适合的特性的氧化物烧结体。
根据本发明,提供以下的氧化物烧结体等。
1.一种氧化物烧结体,以下述式(1)~(3)的原子比包含铟元素(In)、镓元素(Ga)以及锡元素(Sn),
0.10≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(1)
0.10≤Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.55(2)
0.0001<Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(3)。
2.根据1所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,所述In、Ga以及Sn的原子比满足下述式(4)以及(5),
0.01≤Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.30(4)
0.30≤Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.55(5)。
3.根据1所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,所述In、Ga以及Sn的原子比满足下述式(6)以及(7),
0.30<Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(6)
0.10≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)<0.60(7)。
4.根据1~3中任一项所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,锌元素(Zn)的含量为10000ppm以下。
5.根据1~4中任一项所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,包含由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16(式中,X为0~1)表示的结晶结构的化合物。
6.一种溅射靶,其中,使用上述1~5中任一项所述的氧化物烧结体。
7.一种上述6的溅射靶的制造方法,其中,包含下述(a)~(e)的工序,
(a)将原料化合物粉末混合制备混合物的工序;
(b)将所述混合物成形制备平均厚度5.5mm以上的成形体的工序;
(c)将所述成形体在1280℃以上且1520℃以下烧结2小时以上且96小时以下的工序;
(d)对工序(c)中得到的烧结体的表面磨削0.3mm以上的工序;和
(e)将烧结体焊接在背板上的工序。
8.一种氧化物半导体膜,其中,以下述式(1)~(3)的原子比包含铟元素(In)、镓元素(Ga)以及锡元素(Sn),电子载体密度为1014cm-3以上且1019cm-3以下,
0.10≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(1)
0.10≤Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.55(2)
0.0001<Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(3)。
9.一种半导体元件,其使用上述8的氧化物半导体膜。
本发明中,能够提供不会使元素数增加、适于半导体元件的制作时的图形形成工序的氧化物半导体膜、以及能够形成上述半导体膜的氧化物烧结体靶。
附图说明
图1是实施例中制作的薄膜晶体管的概略截面图。
图2是实施例1中制作的氧化物烧结体的X射线衍射图。
图3是实施例6中制作的氧化物烧结体的X射线衍射图。
图4是实施例7中制作的氧化物烧结体的X射线衍射图。
图5是实施例8中制作的氧化物烧结体的X射线衍射图。
图6是实施例1、6、7、8的X射线衍射图的放大图(2θ=28-38°)。
图7是实施例1、6、7、8的X射线衍射图的放大图(2θ=47-57°)。
图8是实施例1、6、7、8的X射线衍射图的放大图(2θ=57-67°)。
具体实施方式
本发明的氧化物烧结体是含有铟元素(In)、镓元素(Ga)以及锡元素(Sn)的氧化物烧结体。另外,其特征在于,各元素的原子比满足下述式(1)~(3)。
0.10≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(1)
0.10≤Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.55(2)
0.0001<Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(3)
通过满足上述(1)~(3),得到能够形成适于半导体元件的制作时的图形形成工序的氧化物半导体膜的氧化物烧结体。另外,得到电阻低、相对密度高的氧化物烧结体和色斑少、外观良好的氧化物烧结体。
本发明的氧化物烧结体中,Sn以及Ga的原子比,优选满足下述式(4)以及(5),进一步优选满足下述式(8)以及(9),特别优选满足下述式(10)以及(11)。
0.01≤Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.30(4)
0.30≤Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.55(5)
0.03≤Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.15(8)
0.30<Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.50(9)
0.04≤Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.11(10)
0.32≤Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.48(11)
如果在上述范围内,则能够用有机酸系蚀刻液(例如草酸蚀刻液)进行湿式蚀刻,并且在无机酸系湿式蚀刻液(例如磷酸/硝酸/乙酸的混酸湿式蚀刻液)中难以溶解,与电极中使用的Mo(钼)或Al(铝)等的湿式蚀刻的选择比大。
另外,通过使Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)为30原子%以下,能够避免由氧化锡的低级氧化物的生成(Sn平均价数的降低)引起的晶体管性能的降低(迁移率的降低、开关比的降低)。如果为15原子%以下,则能够特别期待迁移率和开关比的提高。
另外,通过使Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)为30原子%以上,透过率提高,能够期待得到TFT时抑制光劣化。
另外,Sn以及Ga的原子比满足上式(4)、(5)、(8)~(11)的情况下,In的原子比优选下述式的范围。
0.40≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60
另外,本发明的氧化物烧结体中,也优选Sn的原子比满足下述式(6)以及(7)的情况。
0.30<Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(6)
0.10≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)<0.60(7)
如果Sn的原子比在式(6)的范围内,则干式蚀刻的速度快,在半导体层的形成中使用干式蚀刻时能够加快制造速度。另外,Sn元素的原子比越大,干式蚀刻的速度越快,如果Sn元素的原子比超过0.60,则在氧化物半导体中生成氧化锡的低级氧化物,有可能使特性降低。
另外,在Sn的原子比满足上式(6)的情况下,In以及Ga的原子比优选下述式的范围。
0.20≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.40
0.20≤Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.40
本发明的氧化物烧结体中,锌元素(Zn)的含量优选为10000ppm以下。即,在不损害本发明的效果的范围内,可以含有Zn。Zn的含量更优选为1000ppm以下,特别优选为100ppm以下(实质上不含有)。另外,本申请中“ppm”是指“原子ppm”。通过Zn的含量少,具有即使进行热处理等也不会引起锌向Si基板等中的扩散的优点。另外,对于无机酸的耐性提高,因此,相对于无机系湿式蚀刻液的与Mo或Al的蚀刻选择比提高。另外,即使在高温下进行烧结,表面部分的变质少,其结果,能够使磨削的厚度变薄(即使没有进行磨削而仅通过研磨,表面的性状也稳定)。另外,表面与内部的性状(结晶结构、电阻、粒径)之差小。
另外,本发明中,氧化物烧结体中含有的金属元素,实质上可以仅为In、Ga以及Sn。在此,本申请中“实质上”是指,作为靶的效果由构成上述金属氧化物烧结体的金属元素的组成引起,或者构成金属氧化物烧结体的金属氧化物的95重量%以上且100重量%以下(优选98重量%以上且100重量%以下,特别优选99.99重量%以上且100.00重量%以下)为上述金属元素的氧化物。
另外,本发明可以含有通常能够获得的原料的在精制工序中不可避免地含有的元素和在工艺上不可避免地混入的杂质。上述元素和上述杂质,相对于全部构成成分,优选为10ppm以下。
本发明的氧化物烧结体中含有的各元素的原子比,可以通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱分析装置(ICP-AES)定量分析含有元素而求得。
具体而言,在使用ICP-AES的分析中,将溶液试样用雾化器形成雾状,导入氩等离子体(约6000~8000℃)中时,试样中的元素吸收热能而激发,轨道电子从基底状态转移到高能级的轨道上。该轨道电子以约10-7~10-8秒,转移到更低能级的轨道上。此时能量的差以光的形式放射并发光。该光显示出元素固有的波长(光谱射线),因此,根据光谱射线的有无,能够确认元素的存在(定性分析)。
另外,各个光谱射线的大小(发光强度)与试样中的元素数目成比例,因此,通过与已知浓度的标准液比较,可以求出试样浓度(定量分析)。
通过定性分析确定所含有的元素后,通过定量分析求出含量,由其结果求出各元素的原子比。
本发明的氧化物烧结体,优选包含由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16(式中,X为0~1)表示的结晶结构的化合物。
作为由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16表示的结晶结构的化合物,可以列举Ga2In6Sn2O16和Ga2.4In5.6Sn2O16等。只要是由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16表示的结晶结构的化合物则没有限制。
是由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16表示的结晶结构的化合物如下判断:与JCPDS(粉末衍射标准联合委员会,JointCommitteeofPowderDiffractionStandards)卡片参照,与Ga2In6Sn2O16(JCPDS卡片:51-0205)或Ga2.4In5.6Sn2O16(JCPDS卡片:51-0204)一致、或者以同一图形进行峰值移动。
通过后述X射线衍射对本发明的氧化物烧结体进行分析时,在(1)30.0~32.0°、(2)35.0~37.0°、(3)51.0~53.0°、(4)60.5~63.0°的范围内存在峰。优选在(1)30.5~31.5°、(2)35.5~36.5°、(3)51.5~52.5°、(4)61.0~62.5°的范围内存在峰。
本发明的氧化物烧结体,优选上述由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16表示的结晶结构的化合物为主成分、或者第二成分。特别优选为主成分。是否为主成分、或者第二成分,根据通过后述X射线衍射得到的峰的高度来判断。具体而言,主成分是最大峰强度最高的成分,第二成分是最大峰强度的高仅次于主成分的成分。
包含上述由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16表示的结晶结构的化合物的氧化物烧结体,作为靶使用时特别显示出电阻低、密度高的特性。
X射线衍射的测定条件例如如下。
装置:株式会社リガク制Ultima-III
X射线:Cu-Kα射线(波长、用石墨单色器单色化)
2θ-θ反射法、连续扫描(1.0°/分钟)
加样间隔:0.02°
狭缝DS、SS:2/3°、RS:0.6mm
另外,如果通过结晶结构X射线衍射图形判断结构,则有可能氧过量或不足(氧欠缺)。即,可以偏离化学计量比。本发明中,优选具有氧欠缺。氧过量时,形成靶时有可能电阻变得过高。
本发明的氧化物烧结体适合于溅射靶。以下,对于本发明的氧化物烧结体以及溅射靶的制造方法进行说明。
本发明的溅射靶(氧化物烧结体),可以通过包括下述(a)~(e)的工序的制法而得到。
(a)将原料化合物粉末混合制备混合物的工序;
(b)将所述混合物成形制备平均厚度5.5mm以上的成形体的工序;
(c)将所述成形体在1280℃以上且1520℃以下烧结2小时以上且96小时以下的工序;
(d)将烧结体的表面磨削0.3mm以上的工序;和
(e)将烧结体焊接在背板上的工序。
(1)工序(a):配合工序
配合工序是将作为溅射靶的原料的金属氧化物混合的必要工序。
作为原料,使用铟化合物的粉末、镓化合物的粉末、锡化合物的粉末等粉末。作为铟的化合物,可以列举例如氧化铟、氢氧化铟等。作为锡以及镓的化合物,可以列举例如各自的氧化物、氢氧化物等。作为各化合物,从烧结的容易性、副生成物残存的难度出发,优选为氧化物。
另外,原料的纯度通常为2N(99质量%)以上、优选3N(99.9质量%)以上、特别优选4N(99.99质量%)以上。纯度低于2N时,有可能耐久性降低,用于液晶显示器时在液晶侧进入杂质,引起烧结。
优选将金属氧化物等用于靶的制造的原料混合,使用通常的混合粉碎机、例如湿式球磨机和珠磨机或者超声波装置,进行均匀地混合、粉碎。
本发明中,在原料的成形前可以设置预烧工序。预烧工序是在得到作为溅射靶的原料的化合物的混合物后,预烧该混合物的、根据需要设置的工序。
通过预烧,提高所得到的烧结体的密度变容易,因此优选,但有可能成本增加。因此,更优选不进行预烧来提高密度。
预烧工序中,优选对混合物原料在500~1200℃下进行热处理1~100小时。通过低于500℃或者不足1小时的热处理,有时铟化合物、镓化合物、锡化合物的热分解变得不充分。另一方面,在热处理条件超过1200℃的情况下或者超过100小时的情况下,有时引起粒子的粗大化。
因此,预烧特别优选在800~1200℃的温度范围内进行2~50小时。
另外,在此得到的预烧物,优选在下述的成形工序以及预烧工序之前进行粉碎。
(2)工序(b):成形工序
成形工序是对原料混合物(设定上述预烧工序的情况下为预烧物)进行加压成形而得到成形体的必要工序。通过该工序,成形为作为靶优选的形状)。将设定预烧工序的情况下得到的预烧物的微粉进行造粒后,可以通过加压成形成形为期望的形状。
成形体的平均厚度通常为5.5mm以上、更优选为6mm以上、进一步优选为8mm以上、特别优选为12mm以上。5.5mm以上时,膜厚方向的温度梯度减小,可以期待难以产生表面与深部的结晶型的组合的变动。
作为本工序中能够使用的成形处理,可以列举例如加压成形(单轴加压)、模具成形、浇铸成形、注射成形等。为了得到烧结密度高的烧结体(靶),优选通过冷等静压(CIP)等进行成形。
另外,在加压成形(单轴加压)后,能够以冷等静压(CIP)、热等静压(HIP)等成形的方式设定2阶段以上的成形工序。
在使用冷等静压、或者静压加压装置的情况下,优选在面压800~4000kgf/cm2下保持0.5~60分钟,更优选在面压2000~3000kgf/cm2下保持2~30分钟。在上述范围内时,成形体内部的组成不均等减少,可以期待均匀化。如果面压低于800kgf/cm2,则有可能烧结后的密度不提高或者电阻增高。如果面压超过4000kgf/cm2,则有可能装置变得过大,变得不经济。如果保持时间低于0.5分钟,则有可能烧结后的密度不提高或者电阻增高。如果超过60分钟,则有可能过度浪费时间,变得不经济。
另外,成形处理可以使用聚乙烯醇和甲基纤维素、聚蜡、油酸等成形助剂。
(3)工序(c):烧结工序
烧结工序是对由上述成形工序得到的成形体进行烧成的必要工序。
作为烧结条件,优选在含氧气气氛、氧气气氛或者氧气加压下进行。如果在不含有氧气的气氛下进行烧结,则无法充分提高所得到的靶的密度,有时不能充分抑制溅射时异常放电的产生。
直至烧结温度的升温速度优选为3℃/分钟以下,更优选为2.5℃/分钟以下,特别优选为1.5℃/分钟以下。升温速度超过3℃/分钟时,表面与深部的结晶型的组合有可能发生变动。这认为是由于,在升温时在靶的厚度方向产生温度不均等。
另外,升温的过程中也可以停止一次升温,在规定的温度下保持,进行2阶段以上烧结。
烧结温度优选为1280℃以上且1520℃以下,更优选为1300℃以上且1500℃以下,进一步优选为1320℃以上且1480℃以下。
烧结时间优选为2小时以上且96小时以下,更优选为4小时以上且48小时以下,特别优选为6小时以上且24小时以下。
冷却时的降温速度通常为4℃/分钟以下、优选为2℃/分钟以下、更优选为1℃/分钟以下、进一步优选为0.8℃/分钟以下、特别优选为0.5℃/分钟以下。如果为4℃/分钟以下,则容易得到本发明的结晶型。另外,在降温时难以产生裂纹。
本发明中,为了作为整体降低上述烧结工序中得到的烧结体的体积电阻,也可以设置还原处理工序。作为还原方法,可以列举例如:利用还原性气体的方法、利用真空烧成或者惰性气体的还原等。
在利用还原性气体的还原处理时,可以使用氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳、或者这些气体与氧气的混合气体等。
利用在惰性气体中的烧成的还原处理时,可以使用氮气、氩气、这些气体与氧气的混合气体等。
另外,本发明中,优选不进行还原处理。进行还原处理时,有可能产生表面部与深部的电阻值的不同、或者使其增宽。
(4)工序(d):磨削工序
磨削(加工)工序是将上述进行烧结得到的烧结体进一步切削加工成适合溅射装置中的安装的形状的工序。
本发明中,将上述工序(c)中得到的烧结体的表面磨削0.3mm以上。磨削的深度优选为0.5mm以上,特别优选为2mm以上。小于0.3mm时,有可能无法除去表面附近的结晶结构的变动部分。
为了将氧化物烧结体作为溅射靶原材料,例如用平面磨削盘对该烧结体进行磨削,形成表面粗糙度Ra为5μm以下的原材料。在此,也可以对溅射靶的溅射面进一步实施镜面加工,使平均表面粗糙度Ra为1000埃以下。该镜面加工(研磨)可以使用机械研磨、化学研磨、机械化学研磨(机械研磨与化学研磨的并用)等所有已知的研磨技术。例如用固定磨粒抛光机(抛光液:水)抛光至#2000以上,或者用游离磨粒研磨机(研磨材料:SiC糊等)进行研磨后,将研磨材料换为金刚石糊进行研磨,由此可以得到。对于这样的研磨方法没有特别的限制。
(5)工序(e):焊接工序
是将磨削后的烧结体焊接到背板上的工序。
另外,磨削工序后的氧化物烧结体的清洗处理中,可以使用鼓风或者流水清洗等。通过鼓风除去异物时,从喷嘴的对面一侧用吸尘器进行吸气时,可以更有效地除去。另外,由于鼓风和流水清洗存在限界,因此,也可以进一步进行超声波清洗等。对于该超声波清洗,在频率25~300KHz之间使其多次振荡而进行的方法是有效的。例如在频率25~300KHz之间每25KHz使12种频率多次振荡来进行超声波清洗即可。
由本发明的氧化物烧结体构成的溅射靶的相对密度优选为85%以上,更优选为92%以上,进一步优选为95%以上,特别优选为97%以上。烧结体的相对密度如果为85%以上,则作为溅射靶使用时,产生破裂和裂纹的可能小。另外,成膜速度变快。
另外,比电阻优选为700mΩcm以下,更优选为100mΩcm以下,进一步优选为50mΩcm以下,特别优选为20mΩcm以下。如果烧结体的比电阻为700mΩcm以下,则作为溅射靶使用时,即使降低溅射电力,也能够成膜。特别是20mΩcm以下时,即使进行DC溅射在靶上产生裂纹的可能也小。
另外,在氧化物烧结体内部,粒径2μm以上的镓氧化物的凝聚部分的数目优选为10个/8100μm2以下。
通过使用本发明的溅射靶,对基板等对象物进行溅射,能够形成本发明的氧化物半导体薄膜。
本发明的氧化物半导体膜,以上述式(1)~(3)的原子比含有In、Ga以及Sn的各元素,电子载体密度为1014cm-3以上且1019cm-3以下。氧化物半导体膜能够使用上述本发明的溅射靶、以及公知的溅射装置制作。
电子载体密度使用空穴测定装置(例如,东阳テクニカ制、ResiTest8310)进行评价。
另外,所制作的氧化物半导体膜的用X射线光电子分光法(XPS)测定的Sn平均价数,优选为+3.0以上,更优选为+3.2以上,特别优选为+3.6以上,进一步优选为+3.8以上。Sn平均价数越高越优选,通常上限为+4.0。
如果Sn平均价数为+3.0以上,则在制作TFT时,迁移率升高等TFT的特性提高。
XPS价电子带光谱中,由Sn5s产生的带仅在作为低级氧化物的SnO(Sn+2:4d105s2的电子配置)的光谱中观察到,在SnO2(Sn+4:4d10的电子配置)没有观察到。因此,可以由Sn5s带的相对强度求出Sn平均价数(参照:X射线光电子分光法、1998年、圆善株式会社刊)。通常,溅射中制作的SnO2膜的Sn平均价数为约+2.8。
为了使Sn平均价数为+3.0以上,优选使组成比在本发明的范围内,并且使溅射时的氧分压为2×10-3Pa以上。另外,也可以将所得到的膜暴露于氧等离子体中等来使其氧化。
氧化物半导体薄膜能够优选用于各种半导体元件。特别是优选用于薄膜晶体管的半导体层、氧化物薄膜层等,其中,能够作为半导体层优选使用。
以下,作为半导体元件的例子,对薄膜晶体管进行说明。
作为薄膜晶体管的一例,将本申请实施例中制作的薄膜晶体管的概略截面图示于图1。该薄膜晶体管为沟道截断环型(逆交错型薄膜晶体管)。该薄膜晶体管,在基板10以及栅绝缘膜30之间夹持栅电极20,在栅绝缘膜30上层叠沟道(channel)层(氧化物半导体)40作为活性层。另外,以覆盖半导体膜40的端部附近的方式分别设置源电极50以及漏电极52。在由半导体膜40、源电极50以及漏电极52包围的部分上形成蚀刻阻挡层(保护膜)60。
(1)基板
可以没有特别制限地使用本技术领域中公知的基板。例如可以使用:硅酸碱类玻璃、无碱玻璃、石英玻璃等玻璃基板、硅基板、丙烯酸、聚碳酸酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)等树脂基板、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚酰胺等高分子膜基材等。
(2)半导体层
半导体层由In、Sn以及Ga复合氧化物构成。这样的半导体层,例如可以通过使用本发明的溅射靶形成薄膜来制作。也可以通过使用2种以上的组成不同的靶的共溅射法、PLD法(脉冲激光沉积法)、溶胶法等形成。使用本发明的溅射靶,容易工业化,因此优选。
本发明中,半导体层优选为非晶质膜。通过为非晶质膜,容易地得到能够改善绝缘膜和保护层的密合性的、即使大面积也均匀的晶体管特性。在此,半导体层是否为非晶质膜可以通过X射线结晶结构分析来确认。在没有观测到明确的峰的情况下为非晶质。另外,非晶质中也可以包括微晶。
(3)半导体层的保护层
场效型晶体管可以具有半导体的保护层。形成半导体的保护层的材料没有特别限制。在不损害本发明的效果的范围内可以任意选择通常使用的材料。例如,可以使用:SiO2、SiNx、Al2O3、Ta2O5、TiO2、MgO、ZrO2、CeO2、K2O、Li2O、Na2O、Rb2O、Sc2O3、Y2O3、Hf2O3、CaHfO3、PbTiO3、BaTa2O6、SrTiO3、AlN等。这些中,优选使用SiO2、SiNx、Al2O3、Y2O3、Hf2O3、CaHfO3,更优选SiO2、SiNx、Y2O3、Hf2O3、CaHfO3,特别优选SiO2、Y2O3、Hf2O3、CaHfO3等氧化物。这些氧化物的氧个数可以不一定与化学计量比一致(例如,可以为SiO2也可以为SiOx)。另外,SiNx可以含有氢元素。
这样的保护膜也可以是层叠有不同的2层以上的绝缘膜的结构。
(4)栅绝缘膜
形成栅绝缘膜的材料也没有特别限定。可以任意选择在不损害本实施方式的发明的效果的范围内通常使用的材料。例如,可以使用SiO2、SiNx、Al2O3、Ta2O5、TiO2、MgO、ZrO2、CeO2、K2O、Li2O、Na2O、Rb2O、Sc2O3、Y2O3、Hf2O3、CaHfO3、PbTiO3、BaTa2O6、SrTiO3、AlN等。这些中,优选使用SiO2、SiNx、Al2O3、Y2O3、Hf2O3、CaHfO3,更优选SiO2、SiNx、Y2O3、Hf2O3、CaHfO3。这些氧化物的氧个数可以不一定与化学计量比一致(例如,可以为SiO2也可以为SiOx)。另外,SiNx可以含有氢元素。
这样的栅绝缘膜也可以是层叠有不同的2层以上的绝缘膜的结构。另外,栅绝缘膜可以为晶质、多晶质、非晶质中的任意一种,优选为工业上容易制造的多晶质、或非晶质。
另外,栅绝缘膜也可以使用聚(4-乙烯基苯酚)(PVP)、聚对二甲苯等有机绝缘膜。另外,栅绝缘膜可以具有无机绝缘膜以及有机绝缘膜的2层以上层叠结构。
(5)电极
形成栅电极、源电极以及漏电极的各电极的材料,没有特别制限,可以任意选择在不损害本发明的效果的范围内通常使用的材料。
例如,可以使用铟锡氧化物(ITO)、铟锌氧化物、ZnO、SnO2等透明电极、和Al、Ag、Cr、Ni、Mo、Au、Ti、Ta、Cu等金属电极、或者包含它们的合金的金属电极。
薄膜晶体管的各构成构件(层),能够通过本技术领域中公知的方法形成。具体而言,作为成膜方法,可以使用喷雾法、浸渍法、CVD法等化学的成膜方法、或者溅射法、真空蒸镀法、离子镀法、脉冲激光沉积法等物理的成膜方法。由于载体密度容易控制、以及膜质提高容易,因此,优选使用物理的成膜方法,由于生产率高,更优选使用溅射法。
通过各种蚀刻法,能够使所形成的膜形成图形。
本发明中,优选使用本发明的靶,通过DC或者AC溅射,形成半导体层。通过使用DC或者AC溅射,与RF溅射的情况相比,能够降低成膜时的损坏。因此,在薄膜晶体管中,可以期待迁移率提高等的效果。
另外,本发明中,在形成半导体层和半导体的保护层后,优选在70~350℃下进行热处理。低于70℃时,有可能所得到的晶体管的热稳定性和耐热性降低,或迁移率降低,或S值增大,或阈值电压升高。另一方面,高于350℃时,有可能不能使用不具有耐热性的基板,或浪费热处理用的设备费用。
热处理优选在惰性气体中氧分压为10-3Pa以下的环境下进行、或者用保护层包覆半导体层后进行。在上述条件下,重现性提高。
上述的薄膜晶体管中,迁移率优选为3cm2/Vs以上,更优选为6cm2/Vs以上,特别优选为10cm2/Vs以上。3cm2/Vs以上时,转换速度加快,可以期待用于4K2K等大屏幕高精细的显示器。
开关比通常优选为108以上,更优选为109以上,特别优选为1010以上。开关比高时,图像的明暗变明确,能够期待画质的提高。
切断电流通常为50pA以下,优选为10pA以下,更优选为5pA以下,特别优选为1pA以下。切断电流为50pA以下时,泄漏电流少,用于显示器的TFT时,能够期待画质的提高。
阈值电压(Vth)通常为-1.0~3.0V,优选为-0.5~2.0V,更优选为-0.2~1.0V,特别优选为0~0.5V。阈值电压在上述范围内时,能够降低驱动电压,从而能够降低消耗电力。
实施例
实施例1
(1)氧化物烧结体的制作
作为起始原料,使用In2O3(纯度4N、BET表面积15m2/g)、Ga2O3(纯度4N、BET表面积15m2/g)以及SnO2(纯度4N、BET表面积4m2/g)。
称量这些原料,使金属元素的原子比达到表1所示的氧化物烧结体的比,使用球磨机,进行混合粉碎。
混合粉碎后,使其自然干燥。将所得到的混合粉末填充到模具中,用加压机进行加压成形,制作厚度15mm以上的成形体。另外,此时的面压为400kgf/cm2,保持时间为2分钟。然后,用CIP(静压加压装置)进行加压。面压为2000kgf/cm2,保持5分钟。
然后,将所得到的成形体在烧结炉中进行烧结。烧结条件如下。烧结后,自然冷却至室温,得到氧化物烧结体(厚度9mm)。
升温速度:1℃/分钟
烧结温度:1400℃
烧结时间:12小时
烧结气氛:大气下
(2)溅射靶的制作
烧结后,从厚度9mm的烧结体上切割溅射靶用烧结体。用金刚石切割器切割烧结体的上面、下面以及侧边,将表面用平面磨削盘进行磨削,得到厚度5mm的靶原材料。
接着,对表面进行鼓风,进行3分钟超声波清洗。该后,将靶原材料用铟焊料焊接到无氧铜制的背板上,得到靶。
关于所得到的氧化物烧结体(靶),进行下述的评价。将结果示于表1。
(A)组成
通过电感耦合等离子体发光分析装置(ICP-AES)对原子比进行分析。
(B)结晶型
通过X射线衍射测定(XRD),在下述条件下直接测定烧结体及其切割片。
·装置:株式会社リガク制Ultima-III
·X射线:Cu-Kα射线(波长、用石墨单色器单色化)
·2θ-θ反射法、连续扫描(1.0°/分)
·加样间隔:0.02°
·狭缝DS、SS:2/3°、RS:0.6mm
(C)比电阻
使用电阻率计(三菱化学株式会社制、ロレスタ),根据四探针法(JISR1637)进行测定,将10个部位的平均值作为电阻率值。
(D)相对密度(%)
由从原料粉的密度计算出的理论密度和用阿基米德法测定的烧结体的密度,通过下述计算式计算。
相对密度=(用阿基米德法测定的密度)÷(理论密度)×100(%)
(E)外观(色斑)
北窗昼光下,从距离50cm的地方目视烧结体,分类如下。
A:几乎没有色斑
B:有若干色斑
C:具有色斑
另外,在烧结体上具有色斑的情况下,例如在使用靶时有可能难以进行状态的判断。
(3)薄膜的制作、评价
通过磁控RF溅射,在全压0.5Pa、氧气5%、氩气95%的条件下,形成100nm的氧化物膜,进行评价。
作为有机酸使用草酸类湿式蚀刻液(ITO-06N、关东化学株式会社制),作为无机酸使用磷酸类湿式蚀刻液(以重量比计,调节成H3PO4:73%、HNO3:3%、CH3COOH:7%、H2O:17%),评价40℃下的蚀刻以及耐性。另外,测定干式蚀刻速度。
评价如下。
·草酸类湿式蚀刻液蚀刻速度
A:蚀刻速度20nm/分钟以上
B:蚀刻速度5nm/分钟以上且低于20nm/分钟
C:蚀刻速度低于5nm/分钟
·对于磷酸类湿式蚀刻液的耐性
A:蚀刻速度5nm/分钟以下
B:蚀刻速度比5nm/分钟快且20nm/分钟以下
C:蚀刻速度比20nm/分钟快
·干式蚀刻速度
A:蚀刻速度/分钟以上
B:蚀刻速度低于/分钟
另外,关于所得到的薄膜,用XPS测定的Sn平均价数为+3.9。
(4)薄膜晶体管(TFT)的制作
使用上述(2)中制作的溅射靶,制作图1的沟道截断环型薄膜晶体管(逆交错型薄膜晶体管),进行评价。
基板10使用玻璃基板(Corning1737)。首先,在基板10上通过电子束蒸镀法依次层叠厚度10nm的Mo、厚度80nm的Al和厚度10nm的Mo。使用光刻法和发射法(リフトオフ法)在栅电极20上形成层叠膜。
在栅电极20以及基板10上通过TEOS-CVD法形成厚度200nm的SiO2膜,从而形成栅绝缘层30。另外,栅绝缘层的成膜可以为溅射法,但优选通过TEOS-CVD法和PECVD法等CVD法形成。通过溅射法有可能使切断电流增高。
接着,通过RF溅射法,使用由上述(2)制作的靶,形成厚度50nm的半导体膜40(沟道层)。然后,在大气中300℃下进行60分钟热处理。
在半导体膜40上通过溅射法以蚀刻终止层60(保护膜)的形式堆积SiO2膜。另外,保护膜的成膜方法可以为CVD法。
在本实施例中,投入RF功率为200W。成膜时的气氛的全压为0.4Pa,此时的气体流量比为Ar:O2=95:5。另外,基板温度为50℃。堆积的氧化物半导体膜和保护膜通过光刻法以及蚀刻法,加工成适当的尺寸。
在形成蚀刻终止层60后,依次层叠厚度5nm的Mo、厚度50nm的Al和厚度5nm的Mo,通过光刻法和湿式蚀刻,形成源电极50以及漏电极52。
之后,在大气中300℃下进行60分钟热处理,制作沟道长为20μm、沟道宽为20μm的晶体管。
测定薄膜晶体管的迁移率(场效迁移率(μ))、开关比、切断电流、阈值电压(Vth)。测定,使用半导体参数分析仪(ケ-スレ-4200),在室温、遮光环境下测定。
实施例2~9、比较例1~5
除了将氧化物烧结体的组成比、以及磨削量如表1以及表3所示进行变更之外,与实施例1同样制作氧化物烧结体等,进行评价。
将实施例1、6、7、8的X射线衍射测定(XRD)的结果分别示于图2~5。能够确认实施例1、6、7、8中制作的氧化物烧结体包含由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16(X为0~1)表示的结晶结构的化合物。
另外,将实施例1、6、7、8的X射线衍射图的放大图(2θ=28-38°、47-57°、57-67°)示于图6~8。
表4中示出了从上述图谱中读取的峰位置(角度)。另外,表5中示出了“表4的各角度÷峰(1)(图6中的圆1)的角度”的计算值。由表5的结果能够确认,是图形一致、具有相同结构的晶格间距不同的结晶。
实施例10、11
作为起始原料,使用In2O3(纯度4N、BET表面积6m2/g)、Ga2O3(纯度4N、BET表面积6m2/g)以及SnO2(纯度4N、BET表面积6m2/g)。
称量这些原料,使金属元素的原子比达到表2所示的比,用超级混合机进行混合后,将它们塞满氧化铝制容器,在大气气氛下950℃下预烧5小时。接着,将这些原料用磨碎机(アトライター)(氧化锆微珠、搅拌器转速300rpm)进行微粉碎约0.5~5小时。将微粉碎后的浆料用喷雾干燥机进行100~150℃×5~48小时干燥,用开孔250μm筛子进行筛分,回收粉末。另外,进行微粉碎直至BET表面积达到10m2/g以上。
以下,除了如表2所示变更烧结体的制作条件(预烧有无、混合方法、造粒方法、烧结气氛、烧结温度、烧结时间、磨削量等)之外,与实施例1同样地制作氧化物烧结体等,进行评价。
实施例12
作为起始原料,使用In2O3(纯度4N、中值粒径1.8μm)、Ga2O3(纯度4N、中值粒径1.8μm)以及SnO2(纯度4N、中值粒径1.5μm)。称量这些原料,使金属元素的原子比达到表2所示的比。
与实施例10同样地进行预烧,然后,进行粉碎,直至混合原料的中值粒径达到1.0(μm)。以下,与实施例10同样地制作氧化物烧结体等,进行评价。
实施例13~16
除了将氧化物烧结体的组成比如表2所示进行变更之外,与实施例1同样地制作溅射靶。另外,除了在半导体膜的形成时使用干式蚀刻之外,与实施例1同样地制作TFT,进行评价。
实施例17~20
作为起始原料,使用In2O3(纯度4N、中值粒径1.8μm)、Ga2O3(纯度4N、中值粒径1.8μm)以及SnO2(纯度4N、中值粒径1.5μm),将氧化物烧结体的组成比、烧结温度如表2所示进行变更,除此之外,与实施例10同样地制作溅射靶。另外,与实施例1同样地制作TFT,进行评价。
在以上的实施例以及比较例中,粒径2μm以上的镓氧化物的凝聚部分的数目,实施例1~18、20为5个/8100μm2以下,实施例19为8个/8100μm2、比较例1,2超过10个/8100μm2。进行溅射时,实施例1~20的异常放电少。另一方面,比较例1、2的异常放电频繁。
另外,关于所得到的薄膜,与实施例1同样地用XPS进行测定得到的Sn平均价数,在实施例16中为+3.1、比较例1中为+2.8。
表1
表2
表3
表4
实施例1 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | |
峰① | 31.06 | 30.96 | 30.88 | 31.14 |
峰② | 36.04 | 35.96 | 35.84 | 36.18 |
峰⑧ | 51.96 | 51.92 | 51.64 | 52.10 |
峰④ | 61.80 | 61.60 | 61.46 | 61.96 |
单位:角度「°」
①30.5~31.5°
②35.5~36.5°
③51.5~52.5°
④61.0~62.5°
表5
实施例1 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | |
峰① | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
峰② | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.16 |
峰③ | 1.67 | 1.68 | 1.67 | 1.67 |
峰④ | 1.99 | 1.99 | 1.99 | 1.99 |
产业上利用的可能性
本发明的氧化物烧结体能够优选用于形成氧化物薄膜时使用的溅射靶等。
上述对本发明的几个实施方式和/或实施例进行了详细说明,但本领域技术人员在实质上不脱离本发明的新的启示以及效果的前提下对作为这些例示的实施方式和/或实施例加入多种变更,这是很容易的。因此,这些多种变更也包括在本发明的范围内。
该说明书中记载的文献的内容在此全部引用。
Claims (17)
1.一种氧化物烧结体,其包含由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16表示的结晶结构的化合物,其中的X为0~1,且以下述式(1)~(3)的原子比包含铟元素(In)、镓元素(Ga)以及锡元素(Sn),锌元素Zn的含量为10000ppm以下,
0.10≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(1)
0.30<Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.55(2)
0.04≤Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.30(3)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,所述In、Ga以及Sn的原子比满足下述式(7),
0.10≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)<0.60(7)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,
所述In、Ga以及Sn的原子比满足下述式(8)以及(9),
0.04≤Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.15(8)
0.30<Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.50(9)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,
所述In、Ga以及Sn的原子比满足下述式(10)以及(11),
0.04≤Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.11(10)
0.32≤Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.48(11)。
5.根据权利要求2所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,
所述In、Ga以及Sn的原子比满足下述式:
0.20≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.40
0.30<Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.40。
6.根据权利要求1所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,
Sn的原子比满足:Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.20。
7.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,
通过X射线衍射对氧化物烧结体进行分析时,在(1)30.0~32.0°、(2)35.0~37.0°、(3)51.0~53.0°、(4)60.5~63.0°的范围内存在峰。
8.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,
锌元素Zn的含量为100ppm以下。
9.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,
构成所述氧化物烧结体的金属氧化物中,In氧化物、Ga氧化物以及Sn氧化物的含有率为95重量%以上且100重量%以下。
10.根据权利要求1所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,
由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16表示的结晶结构的化合物为Ga2In6Sn2O16或Ga2.4In5.6Sn2O16。
11.根据权利要求1所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,
由Ga3-xIn5+xSn2O16表示的结晶结构的化合物为主成分或第二成分,其中,X为0~1。
12.根据权利要求11所述的氧化物烧结体,其中,
所述主成分是指由X射线衍射得到的峰中最大峰强度最高的成分,所述第二成分是由X射线衍射得到的峰中最大峰强度高仅次于主成分的成分。
13.一种溅射靶,其中,使用了权利要求1~12中任一项所述的氧化物烧结体。
14.一种权利要求13的溅射靶的制造方法,其中,包含下述(a)~(e)的工序,
(a)将原料化合物粉末混合而制备混合物的工序;
(b)将所述混合物成形而制备平均厚度5.5mm以上的成形体的工序;
(c)以3℃/分钟以下的升温速度将所述成形体升温至烧结温度,并在1280℃以上且1520℃以下烧结2小时以上且96小时以下的工序;
(d)对工序(c)中得到的烧结体的表面磨削0.3mm以上的工序;和
(e)将烧结体结合在背板上的工序。
15.一种氧化物半导体膜,其是使用权利要求13所述的溅射靶成膜而得到的,且其以下述式(1)~(3)的原子比包含铟元素(In)、镓元素(Ga)以及锡元素(Sn),并且电子载体密度为1014cm-3以上且1019cm-3以下,锌元素Zn的含量为10000ppm以下,
0.10≤In/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.60(1)
0.30<Ga/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.55(2)
0.04≤Sn/(In+Ga+Sn)≤0.30(3)。
16.一种半导体元件,其使用了权利要求15所述的氧化物半导体膜。
17.一种显示器,其具有权利要求16所述的半导体元件。
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CN110447093B (zh) * | 2017-02-22 | 2023-04-25 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 氧化物半导体膜、薄膜晶体管、氧化物烧结体以及溅射靶 |
JP7269886B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-28 | 2023-05-09 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 酸化物焼結体、スパッタリングターゲットおよび酸化物薄膜 |
KR102598375B1 (ko) * | 2018-08-01 | 2023-11-06 | 이데미쓰 고산 가부시키가이샤 | 결정 구조 화합물, 산화물 소결체, 스퍼터링 타깃, 결정질 산화물 박막, 아모르퍼스 산화물 박막, 박막 트랜지스터, 및 전자 기기 |
JP6722785B1 (ja) * | 2019-01-29 | 2020-07-15 | Jx金属株式会社 | スパッタリングターゲット部材、スパッタリングターゲット、スパッタ膜の製造方法、膜体の製造方法、積層構造体、積層構造体の製造方法、有機el装置、及び有機el装置の製造方法 |
CN116813310B (zh) * | 2023-06-01 | 2024-06-07 | 先导薄膜材料(广东)有限公司 | 一种稀土元素掺杂氧化铟锡镓靶材及其制备方法 |
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US5407602A (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1995-04-18 | At&T Corp. | Transparent conductors comprising gallium-indium-oxide |
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CN105924137A (zh) | 2016-09-07 |
JP2011174134A (ja) | 2011-09-08 |
US8999208B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
CN102770577A (zh) | 2012-11-07 |
WO2011105047A1 (ja) | 2011-09-01 |
TWI553134B (zh) | 2016-10-11 |
TW201137135A (en) | 2011-11-01 |
KR101840062B1 (ko) | 2018-03-19 |
US20120313057A1 (en) | 2012-12-13 |
KR20180030725A (ko) | 2018-03-23 |
CN105924137B (zh) | 2020-02-18 |
KR20130027007A (ko) | 2013-03-14 |
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