CN102759567A - Eddy current testing recognition and evaluation method for defects of inner wall and outer wall of steel pipe under direct current magnetization - Google Patents
Eddy current testing recognition and evaluation method for defects of inner wall and outer wall of steel pipe under direct current magnetization Download PDFInfo
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- CN102759567A CN102759567A CN2012102472898A CN201210247289A CN102759567A CN 102759567 A CN102759567 A CN 102759567A CN 2012102472898 A CN2012102472898 A CN 2012102472898A CN 201210247289 A CN201210247289 A CN 201210247289A CN 102759567 A CN102759567 A CN 102759567A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an eddy current testing recognition and evaluation method for defects of the inner wall and outer wall of a steel pipe under direct current magnetization. The method comprises the steps of: carrying out non-saturated magnetization on the steel pipe by adopting a traversing direct-current magnetizing coil, picking up electromagnetic disturbance information at the defects by utilizing an eddy current detection coil, and selecting a reasonable direct-current magnetizing range according to phase contrast, thus detecting the defects of the inner wall and the outer wall and recognizing through phase difference, and realizing consistency judgment on the inner and outer wall defects of equivalent damage through respectively setting alarming thresholds of the inner and outer wall defects. A detection device comprises a phase sensitive detection module which aims at eliminating the disturbance of the defects to leakage field. The method is fast in detection speed, easily realizes automation, and can be applicable to defect detection of various ferromagnetism pipelines, thus having wide application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the EDDY CURRENT identification and the evaluation method of steel pipe inside and outside wall defective under a kind of dc magnetization.
Background technology
EDDY CURRENT is applicable to the Non-Destructive Testing of conductor material; In detecting practice, be widely used; Be primarily aimed at the defects detection of nonferromagnetic material such as materials such as aluminium, copper at first, be the linear change rule between depth of defect and the phase place, but this method is expanded when being applied to steel tube flaw detection; Because steel tube surface magnetic permeability fluctuation causes the eddy current testing signal noise, defect information is submerged and can't detects a flaw it.Generally suppress the fluctuation of material magnetic permeability, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of defective through applying the saturated magnetization field.CNS " the steel pipe eddy current test method of inspection " (GB/T 7735-2004) and mechanical industry standard " bearing device Non-Destructive Testing the 6th part: EDDY CURRENT " (GB/T 4730.6-2005) have all related to the method; But the signal phase basically identical of outer wall of steel pipe different depth defective causes phase place to lose efficacy, and therefore only can utilize the amplitude index to characterize Defect Equivalent.Yet, find again that at present the steel pipe inner wall defect is also detected by eddy current probe when using the magnetic saturation method, and its phase place and the still consistent signal aliasing that causes of outer wall defective, thereby feasible steel pipe inside and outside wall flaw evaluation become technical barrier.
That the Chinese patent document discloses is a kind of " based on the recognition methods of the Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting inside and outside wall defective of alternating current-direct current resultant magnetization "; This method has related to the Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspecting technology that a kind of steel pipe inside and outside wall defective is distinguished; Mainly be to apply direct current and AC excitation magnetizes steel pipe simultaneously, utilize the outer wall defective only the direct current signal component to be had response, inner wall defect then all has response to the AC and DC component of signal; Thereby realize the differentiation identification of defective; But this method places the inboard inconvenient flaw detection fast of tube wall with sensor, and this outer sensor needs electromagnetic screen, and shield effectiveness is bad possibly to produce erroneous judgement.Patent documentation " a kind of inner and outer walls of pipeline defect detecting device based on far-field eddy " discloses the detection technique of another kind of steel pipe inside and outside wall defective; It relates to a kind of far-field vortex checking method; It is circumferential to utilize a plurality of magnetoresistance devices to cover pipeline fully; Realization is to the defects detection in the complete all scopes of inner and outer walls of pipeline, but this technology for detection speed is slow, and can not distinguish identification to steel pipe inside and outside wall defective.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the EDDY CURRENT identification and the evaluation method of steel pipe inside and outside wall defective under a kind of dc magnetization, it has, and method is simple to operate, detection speed is fast and the advantage of applicable all kinds of ferromagnetism materials.
The present invention realizes that like this this method comprises the steps:
1, uses the through mode magnetizing coil to excite even static magnetizing field, the steel pipe that the effective magnetizing district is inner is implemented axial magnetized, suppress the fluctuation of steel pipe magnetic permeability;
2, utilize the solid matter coil as eddy current probe; Coil is connected with ac-excited electric current, and in the steel duct generation vortex field of surveyed area, eddy current probe is generally two and reversing differential connection; And has a determining deviation; Arrange that with the steel pipe concentric its internal diameter is more bigger than outer diameter of steel pipes, guarantee that the steel pipe walking is unobstructed;
3, eddy current probe picks up the fault location information of steel pipe to be checked, and the Magnetic Field that causes disturbance vortex flow field, steel tube defect place under the dc magnetization converts eddy current impedance electric signal into, sends into computing machine through after amplification, phase sensitive detection and the A/D conversion;
4, said computing machine utilizes impedance analysis software that described eddy current impedance signal is analyzed; Because when different magnetizing coil DC excitations and eddy current probe are ac-excited; The eddy current testing signal amplitude and the phase place of steel pipe inside and outside wall all can change; Therefore for realizing the identification of different levels position defective, handle as follows detecting the enforcement parameter:
⑴ the ac-excited signal frequency of eddy current probe
:
Confirm the exciting signal frequency of eddy current probe according to the speed of travel of steel pipe to be checked, formula capable of using (1) calculates:
In the formula;
is the steel pipe speed of travel, and unit is a meter per second;
⑵ the exciting current of dc magnetization coil
:
Standard rectangular groove with steel pipe inside and outside wall identical parameters is the control sample defective; Regulate the exciting current
of dc magnetization coil; And enforcement EDDY CURRENT; When signal phase difference
, electric current
is designated as
; When signal amplitude
, electric current
is designated as
; Electric current
can pass through formula (2) and confirm:
⑶ eddy detection system impedance signal starting phase angle
:
When dc magnetization coil magnetization electric current
is
; Adjustment System impedance signal starting phase angle
, can pass through formula (3) and confirm:
In the formula;
is the inner wall defect starting phase angle when being zero as
; At this moment, the phasing degree of inwall rectangular channel signal
is adjusted into 90o.
5, utilize phase place and amplitude relative method internally, the outer wall flaw indication distinguishes and estimates:
⑴ inside and outside wall flaw indication is distinguished
When steel pipe to be checked at the uniform velocity passes through dc magnetization coil and eddy current probe; Computing machine obtains the impedance signal of defective; The internal and external walls defective can be passed through formula (4)～(5) and judge: when formula (4) is set up; This signal is the generation signal of inner wall defect, and when formula (5) was set up, this signal was an outer wall generation of defects signal;
In the formula; According to the difference of ferromagnetism material,
is 5～10o;
is 30o;
⑵ be provided with alarm threshold value
and
respectively to interior, outer wall flaw indication; Can realize the judgement of the inside and outside wall defective of identical damage equivalent; Described EDDY CURRENT Defect Equivalent decision method, wherein
.
Characteristic of the present invention also is; Described eddy detection system must comprise the signal condition part of phase sensitive detection, and this detection system comprises differential outer through mode eddy current probe, balanced bridge, amplification filtering conditioning, phase sensitive detection module and data acquisition transmission card, computing machine and signal processing software part.The main cause that adopts said eddy detection system be since when implementing dc magnetization fault location can produce leakage field; The eddy current probe fast checking is through after the defective; Not only contain defect information in the detection signal; Stray field also produces induction electromotive force in probe simultaneously, and testing result is caused interference, makes to produce erroneous judgement.The phase sensitive detection module can be extracted defect information, eliminates the disturbance effect in fault leakage magnetic field.
The EDDY CURRENT based on the unsaturation dc magnetization that the present invention proposes is distinguished the method for identification steel pipe inside and outside wall defective; Its essence is the defective conductivity of utilizing steel pipe and (outer wall defective) acting in conjunction of magnetic permeability characteristic variations or only magnetic permeability characteristic variations (inner wall defect) act on eddy current testing signal, thereby implement the differentiation identification of inside and outside wall defective.Even under the magnetic saturation dc magnetization, no matter outer wall defective or inner wall defect are at its fringe region; Magnetic permeability still is in unsaturated state; Cause the magnetic permeability part to be distorted, this factor makes inner wall defect be detected, and the imaginary part component of eddy current testing signal is much larger than real component; Thereby impedance diagram shows as the phase place basically identical, and can't distinguish identification.The dc magnetization field is weakened to the unsaturation magnetized area; The outer wall defective receives fault location conductivity variations, the distortion of defective edge magnetic conductance and closes on the acting in conjunction of the even magnetic permeability of defect area; Under different magnetic field intensitys; Three's effect contribution can have rising or decline in various degree relatively, and EDDY CURRENT impedance signal phase place is changed thereupon; And inner wall defect still only the inhomogeneous magnetic permeability that causes because of magnetization of defectiveness diffuse to outer wall and be detected, thereby guarantee its phase place keep basically motionless, thereby under suitable unsaturation magnetized state, can detect the inside and outside wall defective, and realize distinguishing identification.
The EDDY CURRENT based on unsaturation magnetization dc magnetization that the present invention proposes is distinguished the method for identification steel pipe inside and outside wall defective; Adopt dc magnetization coil excitation static magnetic field; Obtain the signal of the inside and outside wall defective of control sample when implementing EDDY CURRENT earlier; Select rational dc magnetization scope according to phase correlation, then steel pipe to be checked is carried out EDDY CURRENT with the same detection technological parameter, thereby detect the inside and outside wall defective and discern through phase difference.At last, through setting the threshold value of inside and outside wall defective respectively, realize consistance judgement to the inside and outside wall defective of identical damage equivalent.
The steel pipe eddy current detection method that the present invention proposes; Broken through existing national standard described " magnetic saturation method " and can't discern the restriction of inside and outside wall defective, the non-unified judge problem that the identical damage equivalent of having avoided original only evaluation method through signal amplitude to cause is hindered; Simultaneously, the inventive method detection cost is low, detection speed is fast, easily is automated, and owing to considered the magnetic characteristic difference of different ferromagnetic materials, goes for the defects detection of various ferromagnetic pipelines, has more wide application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 influences viewpoint detection principle schematic A for the conventional evenly magnetic permeability of outer wall of steel pipe defective EDDY CURRENT under the magnetic saturation.
Fig. 2 influences viewpoint detection principle schematic B for the conventional evenly magnetic permeability of outer wall of steel pipe defective EDDY CURRENT under the magnetic saturation.
Fig. 3 is outer wall of steel pipe defective magnetic permeability simulation calculation distribution plan A under the magnetic saturation.
Fig. 4 is steel pipe inner wall defect magnetic permeability simulation calculation distribution plan B under the magnetic saturation.
Fig. 5 detects principle schematic A for the magnetic characteristic influence of outer wall of steel pipe defective EDDY CURRENT under the magnetic saturation.
Fig. 6 detects principle schematic B for the magnetic characteristic influence of steel pipe inner wall defect EDDY CURRENT under the magnetic saturation.
Fig. 7 distinguishes the inefficacy principle schematic for the inside and outside wall defective of steel pipe EDDY CURRENT under the magnetic saturation.
Fig. 8 is a detection method synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is detection method probe of the present invention and signal condition structural representation.
Figure 10 is detection probe structure of the present invention and electric bridge connection synoptic diagram.
Figure 11 is 1mm, the degree of depth when being the inside and outside wall circumference cutting (thickness of steel pipe is 6mm) of 0.5mm and 1mm for detection width of the present invention, and eddy current probe 3a, 3b are 11000 o'clock output waveform figure at the DC excitation ampere turns.
Figure 12 is 1mm, the degree of depth when being the inside and outside wall circumference cutting (thickness of steel pipe is 6mm) of 0.5mm and 1mm for detection width of the present invention, eddy current probe 3a, 3b the DC excitation ampere turns be 10000
time output waveform figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and instance the present invention is done further explain.
Like Fig. 1, shown in 2; During steel pipe magnetic saturation method EDDY CURRENT; Conventional viewpoint thinks that the magnetic permeability in steel pipe 1 magnetization back outer wall defective 2 or inner wall defect 2 ' zone distributes for even; Therefore (in the formula,
is exciting signal frequency according to the skin depth computing formula
of EDDY CURRENT;
is the steel pipe magnetic permeability;
is the steel pipe conductivity); The vortex field 4 that eddy current probe 3 produces is permeable to outer wall defective 2; Therefore can detect, but thick walled steel tube inner wall defect 2 ' because of can't infiltrating into this position, vortex field 4 can't detect.Yet the magnetic permeability simulation calculation result of steel pipe 1 is like Fig. 3, show shown in 4; Even dc magnetization field H1 makes steel pipe 1 to saturated magnetization; Its outer wall defective 2 still is unsaturated state with inner wall defect 2 ' fringe region magnetic permeability, and the magnetic permeability of this distortion distributes inconsistent with conventional viewpoint.
Like Fig. 5, shown in 6; When using the magnetic saturation method that steel pipe 1 is implemented EDDY CURRENT; For outer wall defective 2, the indentation, there conductivity, magnetic permeability that its eddy current testing signal receives defective changes and the common influence of the local non-uniform area 5 of defective close region magnetic permeability, thereby realizes detecting of defective; For inner wall defect 2 ', although the vortex field 4 that detection probe produces can't infiltrate into fault location, the inhomogeneous district 5 of magnetic permeability of inner wall defect 2 ' cause because of magnetization ' diffused to the outer wall of steel pipe 1 is influenced by this, has produced eddy current testing signal.
Because it is magnetized abundant; For outer wall defective 2; Active factor is the local unsaturation zone 5 of defective close region, and inner wall defect 2 ' be merely the 5 ' effect of magnetic permeability unevenness zone, therefore cause the eddy current testing signal imaginary impedance much larger than real part; Thereby signal phase is reached unanimity and can't differentiate, shown in the actual detected result of Fig. 7.Therefore through reducing the intensity of dc magnetization field H1; Make outer wall defective 2 cause that the contribution equivalent of 3 influencing factors of eddy current signal changes; Thereby obtain be different from inner wall defect 2 ' signal; Can detect and distinguish the inside and outside wall defective of member like this at the unsaturation dc magnetization after the match, form the magnetized eddy current detection method of steel pipe 1 unsaturation.
Like Fig. 8, shown in 9 and 10, the unsaturation magnetization steel pipe eddy current detection method that the present invention proposes, its main implementation step is following:
1) use through mode magnetizing coil 6 to excite even static magnetizing field, the ampere turns of coil is chosen between 2000～40000, and the steel pipe 1 that the effective magnetizing district is inner is implemented axial magnetized;
2) utilize the solid matter coil as eddy current probe 3, eddy current probe is generally two and reversing differential connection, and coil 3a and 3b are connected with ac-excited electric current; Coil turn is selected in the 30-100 circle; At regular intervals, arrange that with steel pipe 1 concentric its internal diameter is more bigger than steel pipe 1 external diameter;
3) test coil of eddy current 3a and 3b pick up the defective 2 or the 2 ' information of steel pipe 1 to be checked, and the Magnetic Field that causes the 1 fault location disturbance vortex flow field 4 of steel pipe under the dc magnetization converts eddy current impedance electric signal into, can be recorded as V
1, V
2, send into computing machine through phase sensitive detection 10 and A/D acquisition system 13, the formation impedance real part is that horizontal ordinate, imaginary impedance are the impedance diagram of ordinate;
4) said computing machine utilizes impedance analysis software that described eddy current impedance signal is analyzed; Because when different magnetizing coil 6 DC excitations and eddy current probe 3 are ac-excited; The eddy current testing signal amplitude and the phase place of steel pipe 1 defective all can change; Therefore for realizing the identification of different levels position defective, handle as follows detecting the enforcement parameter:
⑴ the ac-excited signal frequency of eddy current probe
:
Confirm the exciting signal frequency of eddy current probe according to the speed of travel of steel pipe to be checked, formula capable of using (1) calculates:
(1)
In the formula;
is the steel pipe speed of travel, and unit is a meter per second;
⑵ the exciting current of dc magnetization coil 6
:
Standard rectangular groove with steel pipe 1 inside and outside wall identical parameters is the control sample defective; Regulate the exciting current
of dc magnetization coil 6; And enforcement EDDY CURRENT; When signal phase difference
, electric current
is designated as
; When signal amplitude
, electric current
is designated as
; Electric current
can pass through formula (2) and confirm:
⑶ eddy detection system impedance signal starting phase angle
:
When dc magnetization coil 6 exciting currents
are
; Rotatable phase adjustment module 11; Adjustment System impedance signal starting phase angle
, can pass through formula (3) and confirm:
In the formula;
is the inner wall defect starting phase angle when being zero as
; At this moment, the phasing degree of inwall rectangular channel signal
is adjusted into 90o.
5) utilize phase place and amplitude relative method internally, the outer wall flaw indication distinguishes and estimates:
⑴ inside and outside wall flaw indication is distinguished
When steel pipe 1 to be checked at the uniform velocity passes through dc magnetization coil 6 and eddy current probe 3; Inner-outer wall defective 2 and 2 ' can pass through formula (4)～(5) to judge: when formula (4) is set up; This signal be inner wall defect 2 ' the generation signal; When formula (5) was set up, this signal was the generation signal of outer wall defective 2;
In the formula; According to the difference of ferromagnetism material,
is 5～10o;
is 30o;
⑵ externally, inner wall defect 2 and 2 ' signal be provided with alarm threshold value
and
respectively; Can realize the inner-outer wall defective 2 and 2 of identical damage equivalent ' judgement,
in the described EDDY CURRENT Defect Equivalent decision method.
The probe and the signal condition part of unsaturation magnetization steel pipe eddy detection system provided by the invention are shown in figure 10, mainly comprise through mode eddy current probe 3, electric bridge 8; Signal first order amplification filtering module 9; Phase sensitive detection module 10, phase adjusted module 11, signal second level amplification filtering module 12; A/D data acquisition system (DAS) 13 constitutes, and wherein electric bridge 8 comprises coil 3a, 3b, arm resistance 8a and 8b.Eddy current probe 3 is fixed on the feed-through coil 6 through the sensor mounting plate, guarantees coil and steel pipe concentric.Phase sensitive detection module 10 is mainly used in the electrical information that probe is contained defective and converts impedance real part and imaginary signals to, but the also interference that causes of filtering defect and magnetic leakage field signal simultaneously.
Detect instance: when steel pipe 1 is implemented EDDY CURRENT; Through mode dc magnetization coil 6 applies the magnetizing field of certain intensity; Steel pipe 1 utilizes pair roller 7 and 7 ' can be at the uniform velocity through magnetizing coil 6 and eddy current probe 3a and 3b; After computing machine obtains the defective impedance information; Confirm exciting current
, the eddy detection system impedance signal starting phase angle
of the ac-excited signal frequency of eddy current probe
, dc magnetization coil according to formula (1)-(3), realize detection steel pipe 1.It is as shown in Figure 9 to detect eddy current probe 3a and 3b.
When implementing to detect; The movement velocity of steel pipe is 0.5m/s; Calculate eddy current probe exciting signal frequency
kHz according to formula (1), therefore may be selected to be 10kHz.Inside and outside wall width for the 6mm wall thickness steel tube is the circumference cutting defective that 1mm, the degree of depth are respectively 0.5mm and 1mm; When signal phase difference
,
is 13A; When signal amplitude
,
is 9A; Electric current
can pass through formula (2) and confirm:
The dc magnetization coil turn is 1000 circles, thus its ampere turns be 11000
.
that regulate inwall cutting defective according to formula (3) is 90o, and
is 118o at this moment.
The detection signal waveform that its eddy current probe 3a and 3b pick up under this testing conditions is shown in figure 11; Signal is designated as
,
,
and
, and its signal corresponding phase is designated as
,
,
with
.
For
and
, the phase relation of its signal is following:
In the formula,
is 10o.
Therefore satisfy formula (4), explain that this signal is the inner wall defect signal, with the actual defects position consistency.
For
and
, the phase relation of its signal is following:
In the formula,
is 30o.
Therefore satisfy formula (5), explain that this signal is the outer wall flaw indication, with the actual defects position consistency.
Further; Outer wall defective or inner wall defect signal judgment basis signal amplitude to different depth are carried out; Shown in figure 11; But therefore in the impedance signal zone of EDDY CURRENT zone of alarm is set respectively; Wherein zone of alarm inner wall defect alarm threshold value
can be realized differentiation identification and evaluation with parameter inside and outside wall defective greater than inner wall defect alarm threshold value
.
In addition; When the electric current
of dc magnetization coil 6 when being 10A; Its ampere turns be 10000
; Corresponding detection signal waveform is shown in figure 12; Signal is designated as
,
,
and
; Its signal corresponding phase is designated as
,
,
and
; Judge according to formula (4) and (5);
and
is inner wall defect;
and
is the outer wall defective; Explain when exciting current has fuctuation within a narrow range; The differentiation of signal is still effective, can not influence the characteristic of signal.
Claims (3)
1. identification of the EDDY CURRENT of steel pipe inside and outside wall defective and evaluation method under the dc magnetization; It is characterized in that eddy detection system must comprise the signal condition part of phase sensitive detection; This detection system comprises differential outer through mode eddy current probe, balanced bridge, amplification filtering conditioning, phase sensitive detection module and data acquisition transmission card part; The phase sensitive detection module is extracted defect information, eliminates the disturbance effect in fault leakage magnetic field; Said method is further comprising the steps of:
1) uses the through mode magnetizing coil to excite even static magnetizing field, the steel pipe that the effective magnetizing district is inner is implemented axial magnetized, suppress the fluctuation of steel pipe magnetic permeability;
2) utilize the solid matter coil as eddy current probe; Coil is connected with ac-excited electric current, and in the steel duct generation vortex field of surveyed area, eddy current probe is generally two and reversing differential connection; And has a determining deviation; Arrange that with the steel pipe concentric its internal diameter is more bigger than outer diameter of steel pipes, guarantee that the steel pipe walking is unobstructed;
3) eddy current probe picks up the fault location information of steel pipe to be checked, and the Magnetic Field that causes disturbance vortex flow field, steel tube defect place under the dc magnetization converts eddy current impedance electric signal into, sends into computing machine through after amplification filtering, phase sensitive detection and the A/D conversion;
4) said computing machine utilizes impedance analysis software that described eddy current impedance signal is analyzed.
2. identification of the EDDY CURRENT of steel pipe inside and outside wall defective and evaluation method under a kind of dc magnetization according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
⑴ the ac-excited signal frequency of eddy current probe
:
Confirm the exciting signal frequency of eddy current probe according to the speed of travel of steel pipe to be checked, formula capable of using (1) calculates:
In the formula;
is the steel pipe speed of travel, and unit is a meter per second;
⑵ the exciting current of dc magnetization coil
:
Standard rectangular groove with steel pipe inside and outside wall identical parameters is the control sample defective; Regulate the exciting current
of dc magnetization coil; And enforcement EDDY CURRENT; When signal phase difference
, electric current
is designated as
; When signal amplitude
, electric current
is designated as
; Electric current
can pass through formula (2) and confirm:
⑶ eddy detection system impedance signal starting phase angle
:
When dc magnetization coil magnetization electric current
is
; Adjustment System impedance signal starting phase angle
, can pass through formula (3) and confirm:
In the formula;
is the inner wall defect starting phase angle when being zero as
; At this moment, the phasing degree of inwall rectangular channel signal
is adjusted into 90o.
3. identification of the EDDY CURRENT of steel pipe inside and outside wall defective and evaluation method under a kind of dc magnetization according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that:
⑴ inside and outside wall flaw indication is distinguished
When steel pipe to be checked at the uniform velocity passes through dc magnetization coil and eddy current probe; Computing machine obtains the impedance signal of defective; The internal and external walls defective can be passed through formula (4)～(5) and judge: when formula (4) is set up; This signal is the generation signal of inner wall defect, and when formula (5) was set up, this signal was an outer wall generation of defects signal;
In the formula; According to the difference of ferromagnetism material,
is 5～10o;
is 30o;
⑵ be provided with alarm threshold value
and
respectively to interior, outer wall flaw indication; Can realize the judgement of the inside and outside wall defective of identical damage equivalent; Described EDDY CURRENT Defect Equivalent decision method, wherein
.
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