CN102618801A - Low-nickel duplex stainless steel with good hot working performance - Google Patents
Low-nickel duplex stainless steel with good hot working performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN102618801A CN102618801A CN2011104297225A CN201110429722A CN102618801A CN 102618801 A CN102618801 A CN 102618801A CN 2011104297225 A CN2011104297225 A CN 2011104297225A CN 201110429722 A CN201110429722 A CN 201110429722A CN 102618801 A CN102618801 A CN 102618801A
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Abstract
Belonging to the field of metallic materials, the invention relates to low-nickel duplex stainless steel with good hot working performance. The low-nickel duplex stainless steel with good hot working performance is composed of the following chemical components by weight percent: 0.01-0.04 of C; 0.2-1.0 of Si; 4-6 of Mn; 21-23 of Cr; 1.0-2.0 of Ni; 0-0.005 of S; 0-0.040 of P; 0.15-0.25 of N; 0-1 of Cu; 0.2-1.0 of Mo; 0.01-0.1 of Ti and/or 0.02-0.3 of Nb; and the balance Fe as well as unavoidable impurity elements. The invention has the advantages of reasonable formula design, low nickel content, low cost, good hot working performance and good corrosion resistance, as well as stable dual-phase structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the good low nickel duplex stainless steel of a kind of hot workability, belong to metal material field.
Background technology
Duplex stainless steel is meant in its solid solution structure to be made up of ferritic and austenite two-phase, and the stainless steel of a phase ratio about 45%～55% (amount is looked younger and accounted for 30% at least) wherein.Because the characteristic of two-phase structure makes duplex stainless steel have the advantage of ferritic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel concurrently; With the ferritic stainless steel ratio; Its toughness is high, brittle transition temperature is low, intergranular corrosion resistance and good welding performance, has kept the advantage that the ferritic steel thermal conductivity is high, the coefficient of expansion is little simultaneously.Compare with austenitic stainless steel, its ys is the twice of austenitic stainless steel, anti-chloride stress cracking corrosion cracking ability all apparently higher than 300 series austenitic stainless steel.Duplex stainless steel is because its excellent mechanical property and corrosion resistance nature are widely used in industries such as oil gas, petrochemical industry, chemical fertilizer, bridge, building and chemical tanker.
In recent years, along with rising steadily and fluctuation of nickel valency, in order to give full play to the resource-effective advantage of duplex stainless steel, duplex stainless steel begins to develop to the direction of low nickel.Low nickel duplex stainless steel is meant chromium content below 23%, and nickel content is low, and the while does not contain molybdenum or contains the duplex stainless steel of a small amount of molybdenum, and it designs and develops thinking is to adopt manganese and nitrogen to replace nickel, guarantees the two-phase proportion of duplex stainless steel.This steel cost is lower, is the ideal material that replaces traditional austenitic stainless steel.
European patent WO 02/27056 A1 discloses a kind of low nickel duplex stainless steel; Its composition range is (weight %): 0.005-0.07%C, 0.1-2.0%Si, 3-8%Mn, 19-23%Cr, 0.5-1.7%Ni, 0.15-0.30%N, 0-1.0%Cu, 0-1.0%Mo; This patent nickel content is lower; In order to guarantee that the biphase ratio near 1:1, has improved the content of manganese and nitrogen, reduced the hot workability of material.
Chinese patent 201010505097.3 discloses a kind of duplex stainless steel, and with respect to patent WO 02/27056 A1, the content that improves nickel is to 1.5-2.5%, and the content that suitably reduces manganese is to 0.5-2%, and there is the problem of two-phase structure's poor stability in this patent.
Chinese patent 200810200580.3: this patent is compared with patent 201010505097.3; Improved nickel content, reduced manganese content, but nickel content increases too much; The highlyest be increased to 4%; The raising of nickel content is stable to the tissue of duplex stainless steel to be favourable, but also increase greatly of cost, its market competitiveness is more weak.And its hot workability also is poor, occurs the limit easily and splits problem.
Can know that according to above-mentioned analysis though more low nickel duplex stainless steel occurred, its cost has had bigger decline, the common issue with that these patents exist is that hot workability is poor, adds to occur the limit man-hour easily and split defective.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of formulating of recipe rationally, the nickel metal content is low, cost is low, have good thermal processability can and better erosion resistance, the stable good low nickel duplex stainless steel of hot workability of two-phase structure.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides the good low nickel duplex stainless steel of a kind of hot workability, the weight percent of its chemical ingredients is:
C:0.01-0.04; Si:0.2-1.0; Mn:4-6; Cr:21-23; Ni:1.0-2.0; S:0-0.005; P:0-0.040; N:0.15-0.25; Cu:0-1; Mo:0.2-1.0; Ti and/or Nb, wherein, Ti:0.01-0.1; Nb0.02-0.3; All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
As preferably, in the impurity of the present invention, the quality percentage composition of Cu is: 0-1.
As preferably, in the impurity of the present invention, the quality percentage composition of S is: 0-0.005.
As preferably, in the impurity of the present invention, the quality percentage composition of P is: 0-0.040.
Mentality of designing of the present invention is to fall nickel, guarantees necessary chromium content, to guarantee corrosion resistance nature and to reduce cost; Select suitable manganese and nitrogen content, to stablize the two-phase structure of duplex stainless steel.One or both of interpolation titanium or niobium, the hot workability of raising steel; The effect of above-mentioned each element is following:
C: carbon is a kind of interstitial element, can form strongly and stable Ovshinsky tissue and expansion austenitic area.Carbon forms austenitic ability and is about 30 times of nickel, but too much carbon can form Cr with the chromium in the steel
23C
6The type carbide, the corrosion resistance nature that makes steel is the intergranular corrosion resistance degradation particularly.Consider that from the erosion resistance angle general requirement carbon is low more good more, but low excessively carbon can make the two-phase structure of dual phase steel unstable, and increase smelting cost.Therefore take into account the tissue and the solidity to corrosion of duplex stainless steel, control carbon is at 0.01-0.04%.
Si: silicon is deoxidant element, also be the effective element that improves high temperature oxidation resistance in addition, but silicon is the intensive ferrite former.In order to obtain stable two-phase structure, be controlled at 0.2-1.0%.
Mn: manganese is more weak austenite former; But can increase the solubleness of nitrogen in austenitic steel; The nickel element of costliness in the alternative steel of compound adding of manganese, nitrogen; But manganese adding that affiliation forms MnS with impurity element sulphur in the steel and the solidity to corrosion that reduces steel, too high manganese also reduces the welding property of steel, so manganese is controlled at 4-6%.
Cr: chromium is the principal element in the duplex stainless steel, increase chromium content and can improve stainless solidity to corrosion, but chromium content too much can cause in stainless steel, forming too much ferritic, destroy the biphase balance, so chromium content is controlled at 21-23%.
Ni: the main effect of nickel is to form and the stable austenite tissue, and it promotes the passivation of chromium, itself is not anti-corrosion element.Nickel can improve the cold and hot working performance, and intensity, plasticity and toughness are well cooperated, but its price also is the comparison costliness, therefore, under the prerequisite that guarantees the stainless steel over-all properties, reduces nickel as far as possible, controls it at 1.0-2.0%.
N: nitrogen is the element of very strong formation and stable austenite and expansion austenite phase region, and it is suitable with carbon that it forms austenitic ability, is about 30 times of nickel.It is to improve the intensity of duplex stainless steel as the solution strengthening element that nitrogen mainly acts on, but does not significantly reduce the plasticity and the toughness of steel, and N can also significantly improve stainless comprehensive corrosion resisting property simultaneously.But nitrogen content is too high, can cause the hot workability of steel to descend.Therefore, control nitrogen is at 0.15-0.25%.
Cu: copper is weak austenite former, can significantly reduce the peening tendency of steel, and an amount of copper can improve the cold machine-shaping property of steel.Can reduce the thermoplasticity of austenitic stainless steel but copper is too high, thereby influence the hot workability of steel.Therefore copper is controlled at below 1%.
P, S: p and s is the unavoidable impurities element, and performance is had adverse influence, reduces the content of p and s as far as possible, but therefore the cost of the smelting of considering controls P≤0.040%, S≤0.005%.
Mo: the main effect of molybdenum in austenitic stainless steel is to improve the corrosive nature of the anti-reducing medium of steel and the performance of anti-spot corrosion, slit and corrosion resistant etc.But molybdenum is a ferrite former, keeps biphase equilibrium for making duplex stainless steel, and along with the increase of molybdenum content in the steel, austenite former is also wanted corresponding increase, also can increase the cost of alloy simultaneously, takes all factors into consideration, and molybdenum is controlled at 0.2-1.0%.
Ti: titanium is one of optional element of the present invention, the forming core point when the tiny precipitate that titanium forms can increase solidification of molten steel, and the ratio of the equiax crystal in the raising solidified structure is improved Drawing abillity.When titanium content is too many, form the bigger TiN of size, and easy dross during the molten steel casting.Therefore titanium is controlled at 0.01-0.1%.
Nb: niobium also is one of optional element of the present invention, and niobium is a kind of ferritic element of stablizing, and can stablize the carbide in the ferrite structure; Thereby improve the spot corrosion performance; Niobium can also crystal grain thinning in addition, but too much niobium can cause thermal crack, so niobium is controlled at 0.02-0.3%.
In steel grades design, considered chromium, nickel equivalent and balanced each other that the calculation formula of chromium, nickel equivalent is following:
Chromium equivalent %Creq=%Cr+%Mo+1.5 х %Si+2 х %Ti+ %Nb
Nickel equivalent %Nieq=%Ni+30 х (%C+%N)+0.5 х %Mn+0.3%Cu
When above formula is mainly used in the composition design, guarantee suitable chromium equivalent and nickel equivalent, have only the chromium nickel equivalent proper, could guarantee stable two-phase structure.
The present invention has the following advantages and characteristics with existing compared with techniques:
The present inventor has adjusted each element and proportioning thereof in the steel through constantly groping, and composition proportion of the present invention makes product both have the good corrosion resistance ability, has the good thermal processability ability again, is a kind of novel low nickel duplex stainless steel cheaply.Relative to existing technologies, composition and content after optimizing comprehensively, under condition cheaply, guaranteed good thermal processability can, good corrosion resistance can and biphase stability, whole practical value is better.
The present invention has added titanium or niobium separately when composition designs, or compound titanium and the niobium of having added, and has selected suitable chromium equivalent and nickel equivalent, makes duplex stainless steel keep biphase stability.Patented product corrosion resistance nature of the present invention is superior to 304 traditional stainless steels, can replace 304 stainless steels in some field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the calculation of thermodynamics phase scale map of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the metallograph of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description, following examples are to explanation of the present invention and the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment.
Table 1 is the composition tabulation of embodiment of the invention 1-10 and comparative example 1-2: wt%.
Table 1 unit: weight percent.
Table 2 is the performance perameter of embodiment 1-10 and comparative example 1-2 in the last table, and Rp0.2 representes to stipulate disproportional extension strength, R in the table
mExpression tensile strength, A representes elongation after fracture.
Table 2
Table 3 is the composition tabulation of embodiment of the invention 11-20: wt%.
Table 3
Table 4 is the performance perameter of embodiment 11-20 in the last table.
Table 4
Visible from Fig. 1, calculate through thermodynamic argument, this composition system can obtain two be close 1:1 alloy.
Visible from Fig. 2, the stainless steel hot-rolling plate through 1070 ℃ of thermal treatments after, the biphase ratio is near 1:1, wherein light color is organized as austenite structure, dark is ferritic structure.
Visible from table 1, the chromium nickel equivalent of embodiment 1-10 has guaranteed the stability of two-phase structure than between 1.90-2.30.
Visible from table 2, the mechanical property of embodiment 1-10 and corrosive nature and comparative example 1 are more or less the same, but the hot rolling limit of embodiment 1-10 is split situation and is better than comparative example 1.The hot workability of embodiment 1-10 is suitable with comparative example 2, but the intensity of embodiment 1-10 and corrosion resistance nature are better than comparative example 2.
Smelting process of the present invention is identical with the stainless smelting process of common two-phase.
In addition, need to prove, the specific embodiment described in this specification sheets, its prescription, title that technology is named etc. can be different.Allly conceive equivalence or the simple change that described structure, characteristic and principle are done, include in the protection domain of patent of the present invention according to patent of the present invention.Person of ordinary skill in the field of the present invention can make various modifications or replenishes or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment; Only otherwise depart from structure of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of these claims, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Though the present invention with embodiment openly as above; But it is not in order to limit protection scope of the present invention; Any technician who is familiar with this technology, change and the retouching in not breaking away from design of the present invention and scope, done all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. low nickel duplex stainless steel that hot workability is good, the weight percent of its chemical ingredients is:
C:0.01-0.04; Si:0.2-1.0; Mn:4-6; Cr:21-23; Ni:1.0-2.0; S:0-0.005; P:0-0.040; N:0.15-0.25; Cu:0-1; Mo:0.2-1.0; Ti and/or Nb, wherein, Ti:0.01-0.1; Nb0.02-0.3; All the other are Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
2. the good low nickel duplex stainless steel of hot workability according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the described impurity, the quality percentage composition of Cu is: 0-1.
3. the good low nickel duplex stainless steel of hot workability according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: in the described impurity, the quality percentage composition of S is: 0-0.005.
4. the good low nickel duplex stainless steel of hot workability according to claim 3 is characterized in that: in the described impurity, the quality percentage composition of P is: 0-0.040.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109487172A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-03-19 | 东北大学 | One kind having excellent thermoplastic two phase stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114164373A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-11 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Nb microalloying duplex stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
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| CN1914344A (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2007-02-14 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Austenitic-ferritic stainless steel with excellent formability |
| CN101815803A (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2010-08-25 | 新日铁住金不锈钢株式会社 | Duplex stainless steel wire material, steel wire, bolt, and method for production of the bolt |
| EP2246453A1 (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2010-11-03 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation | Ferrite-austenite stainless steel sheet for structural members excellent in workability and impact absorption characteristics and process for the production of the sheet |
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2011
- 2011-12-20 CN CN2011104297225A patent/CN102618801A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1914344A (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2007-02-14 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | Austenitic-ferritic stainless steel with excellent formability |
| CN101815803A (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2010-08-25 | 新日铁住金不锈钢株式会社 | Duplex stainless steel wire material, steel wire, bolt, and method for production of the bolt |
| EP2246453A1 (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2010-11-03 | Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation | Ferrite-austenite stainless steel sheet for structural members excellent in workability and impact absorption characteristics and process for the production of the sheet |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王正樵 等: "《腐蚀与防护全书 不锈钢》", 31 December 1991, article "腐蚀与防护全书 不锈钢" * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109487172A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-03-19 | 东北大学 | One kind having excellent thermoplastic two phase stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN114164373A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-11 | 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 | Nb microalloying duplex stainless steel and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120801 |