CN102507740A - Detecting method and detecting system for detecting rectangular metal bars - Google Patents
Detecting method and detecting system for detecting rectangular metal bars Download PDFInfo
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- CN102507740A CN102507740A CN2011103871068A CN201110387106A CN102507740A CN 102507740 A CN102507740 A CN 102507740A CN 2011103871068 A CN2011103871068 A CN 2011103871068A CN 201110387106 A CN201110387106 A CN 201110387106A CN 102507740 A CN102507740 A CN 102507740A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a detecting method and a detecting system for detecting rectangular metal bars. The detecting method includes the steps: 1 mounting a flat probe and a TR probe on a detecting device; 2 rapidly pre-scanning the rectangular metal bars to be detected at a high speed and a large distance; 3 detecting defects by the TR probe when the defects close to the surfaces of the rectangular metal bars to be detected are displayed by means of rapid pre-scanning, or detecting defects by the flat probe when the defects on cores of the rectangular metal bars to be detected are displayed by means of rapid pre-scanning; and 4 reconstructing the shapes of the rectangular metal bars according to detecting values of the flat probe and the TR probe. When detecting instructions are inputted by an input device, a driving device drives a scanning device so that the probes scan the rectangular metal bars to be detected, and detecting signals are transmitted to an industrial personal computer through an ultrasonic scanner and an ultrasonic acquisition card. After the detecting signals are processed by the industrial personal computer, detecting results are outputted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of detection method and system of rectangular metal bar, especially a kind of detection method and system of water logging ultrasound examination rectangular metal bar.
Background technology
The Ultrasonic Nondestructive technology is the important means of testing product internal soundness.It is to utilize the influence of the acoustic properties of material itself or inherent vice to ultrasonic propagation, size, shape and the distribution situation of detecting material inside, non-destructive ground and surface imperfection (like crack, bubble, slag inclusion etc.) and mensuration material character.
Ultrasound wave is used for Non-Destructive Testing, and mainly be because following characteristics are arranged: when (1) ultrasound wave was propagated in medium, running into the interface can reflect; (2) ultrasound wave directive property is good, and frequency is higher, and directive property better; (3) the ultrasonic propagation energy is high, and is stronger to the penetration capacity of various materials.Hyperacoustic characteristic such as the velocity of sound, decay, impedance and scattering for hyperacoustic application provides abundant information, and becomes the condition of ultrasound wave widespread use.Compare with other routine techniques, it have the measurand scope wide, detect that the degree of depth is big, defect location is accurate, detection sensitivity is high, cost is low, easy to use, speed is fast, harmless and be convenient to advantage such as on-the-spot detection.In decades, Ultrasonic Nondestructive has obtained great development and widespread use, especially at industrial circles such as iron and steel, petrochemical complex, non-ferrous metal and equipment manufacturings.
So; Set up ultrasound examination digital control system and evaluation system, can control product quality through improving accuracy, the reliability of Ultrasonic Nondestructive; For guaranteeing equipment safety operation, avoid the generation of major disaster incidents all to have crucial meaning.
Water seaoning adopts the gathering probe to detect, and focusing probe acoustic energy in focal zone is concentrated, and can improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of little defects detection in the focal region; The acoustic beam diameter is little near focus simultaneously, makes its transverse resolution better, for the defective of area greater than the acoustic beam diameter, helps confirming the area and the shape of defective.
The existing inside of defective that the metal material that plastic workings such as rolling, extruding, drawing form produces aborning the surface also arranged.Inherent vice is to be extended at plastic processing by the ingot blank latent defect to form; Mainly be shrinkage cavity and snotter in the centre; Also having in manufacturing process with these defectives is the crackle that produces of starting point etc.; This type defective generally all extends along the longitudinal axis, and when deflection was big, it is longer that defective also can become.When water seaoning detected, probe did not take place directly to contact with workpiece, so both can reduce the wearing and tearing of probe, can eliminate again directly by touching those unmanageable factors in the method, and the while also can be improved detection speed, is convenient to realize automatic detection.
At present, domestic rectangular metal bar Ultrasonic Nondestructive mainly adopts manual scanning mode.This mode labour intensity is big, and detection efficiency is low, and is higher to operator's competency profiling.Because manual scanning is inhomogeneous, has the omission phenomenon inevitably, sweeps and visit the quality instability; And can only carry out A sweep and show, directly perceived inadequately, cause visual fatigue easily; Setting up ultrasound examination digital control system and evaluation system can be through improving accuracy, the reliability of Ultrasonic Nondestructive; Guarantee the product inherent quality,, avoid the crucial meaning of having of major disaster incidents for the safe operation of guaranteeing key equipment.Closed loop Numeric Control Technology, P scanning imaging technology, flaw indication analyzing and processing technology and assessment technique and the virtual instrument technique that will have self-adaptation, self-regulation characteristics combine; Composition one cover is perfect, at a high speed, ultrasonic wave detecting system high-precision, that the defect recognition ability is strong has certain practical value, and this has profound significance to improving China's ultrasonic detection technology level.
Summary of the invention
For the rectangular metal bar, the kind of defective is generally the tail that contracts, crackle, slag inclusion or the like, mainly is distributed in the core and nearly surface of bar.The detection method of a kind of rectangular metal bar of the present invention adopts the line focus probe, utilizes pulse reflection method that the rectangular metal bar is carried out the compressional wave flaw detection.
Said detection method adopts following steps:
Step 1: installing flat probe and TR pop one's head on pick-up unit;
Step 2: water-immersed rectangular metal bar to be measured is carried out sweeping in advance fast of high speed and big spacing;
Step 3:, adopt the TR probe to carry out defects detection when sweeping in advance fast when showing that there is defective in the nearly surface of rectangular metal bar to be measured; Or, adopt flat probe to detect when sweeping in advance fast when showing that there is defective in rectangular metal bar core to be measured;
Step 4: according to the detected value of flat probe and TR probe, the shape of reconstruct rectangular metal bar to be measured.
The present invention also proposes a kind of detection system of rectangular metal bar, and said system comprises:
Pick-up unit: utilize the flat probe of installing on it and TR probe to detect bar to be measured, and send detection signal;
Ultra-sonic defect detector: be electrically connected with said probe, be used to transmit and receive the detection signal that the probe on the said pick-up unit sends;
Industrial computer: be equiped with ultrasound wave capture card, serial line interface and input media on it; Said ultrasound wave capture card is connected with said ultra-sonic defect detector; Be used to receive the signal that said ultra-sonic defect detector transmits, and send respective drive signal through said serial line interface;
Drive unit: be electrically connected with said serial line interface, according to said drive signal running;
Scanning mechanism: be connected with said drive unit, and with the running campaign of said drive unit;
Tank: said rectangular metal bar to be measured is placed in one, and does not go into below the liquid levels in the tank;
Said pick-up unit is installed on the said scanning mechanism; When said input media input detects instruction; Drive said scanister motion through said drive unit; Make said scanning probe rectangular metal bar to be measured, and detection signal is sent to said industrial computer through said ultra-sonic defect detector and ultrasound wave capture card; After said industrial computer is handled said detection signal, the output testing result.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts the mode that thick, smart scanning combines, and can guarantee accuracy of detection and improve detection efficiency.
2, can adapt to the rectangular metal bar that the surface is comparatively coarse, flexibility is less through copying system, bar detected quick, accurate.
3, the A+B+C ultrasonic imaging result of system catches the comprehensive flaw detection information that supplied to operating personnel.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is system's connection layout of rectangular metal bar detection system of the present invention.
Embodiment
For making the object of the invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, will combine accompanying drawing that the present invention is done to describe in detail further below.
Referring to the described detection system connection layout of Fig. 1, rectangular metal bar 9 to be measured places tank 8, and under the liquid level 81 that submerges, probe 1 is installed on the scanning mechanism 5, and is oppositely arranged with rectangular metal bar 9 to be measured; Ultra-sonic defect detector 2 is connected with probe 1; Be equiped with ultrasound wave capture card 31, serial line interface 32 and input media 33 on the industrial computer 3; Ultrasound wave capture card 31 is connected with ultra-sonic defect detector 2, is used to receive the signal of ultra-sonic defect detector 2, and sends drive signal through serial line interface 32; Drive unit 4 is connected with serial line interface 32, is used for driven sweep mechanism 5.
During detection; Instruct to industrial computer 3 from input media 33 input detections, industrial computer 3 carries out process of compilation, and sends drive signal through serial line interface 32; Make 5 motions of drive unit 4 driven sweep devices, the probe that is installed on the scanister 5 begins to scan rectangular metal bar 9 to be measured.
Scanister 5 can scan rectangular metal bar 9 to be measured with control probe 1 in X, Y, three direction motions of Z comprehensively.Rectangular metal bar 9 to be measured can rotate in tank 8, so that each face all can be scanned comprehensively.
Simultaneously; TR probe and flat probe send to ultra-sonic defect detector 2 with detection signal, and ultra-sonic defect detector 2 is exported correspondingly aanalogvoltage, and 31 pairs of said aanalogvoltages of ultrasound wave capture card are optionally changed quantification; Send industrial computer 3 simultaneously to; After industrial computer 3 receives signal, carry out handled, the output testing result.
In order to detect each locational defective, said pick-up unit 1 can be used alternatingly TR probe and flat probe.In actual scanning process, system at first sweeps fast in advance, and adopts the most at a high speed and big spacing scanning, only preserves the B+C image, does not preserve the A image of each point.When there is longitudinal defect in the nearly surface of sweeping demonstration rectangular metal bar to be measured to be detected fast in advance, need to adopt the TR probe to detect.The ultrasound wave that T probe sends is propagated along polygon at inside surface, and when running into nearly surface longitudinal defective, ultrasound wave can produce reflection, for the R probe receives, has so just weakened the influence of surperficial clutter and other interference effectively, has reduced erroneous judgement.TR probe lean on launch, the covering of receiving feature and realize the effect that is equivalent to focus on.
From the angle of construct noise, in the TR probe, receiving transducer has been avoided near the construct noise concentration zones the transmitting probe, thereby also has the effect that reduces construct noise preferably.When sweeping in advance fast when showing rectangular metal bar core defectiveness to be measured, also need adopt flat probe to detect.Select water as couplant.For the interference that prevents that bubble from causing, detect water and need be heated to more than 50 ℃, be cooled to 20～28 ℃ then and detect again.
System realizes hyperacoustic emission and reception through ultrasound wave capture card 31, and ultrasound wave capture card 31 is a digital signal with the analog signal conversion of ultrasound wave receiving circuit output, through dma mode signal is sent into industrial computer 3.
System carries out switching and hyperacoustic emission, the reception of passage with certain time sequence under the control of industrial computer 3, control detection device 1 is by given speeds simultaneously.After scanning is intact.If do not find defective, then keep bigger step pitch, if find defective, scanning mechanism 5 is taken a step back, system changes smart scanning state over to.The mode that this thick, smart scanning combines can guarantee accuracy of detection and improve detection efficiency.For solving the influence of rectangular metal bar bending change to be measured, need rectangular metal bar to be measured is carried out the software profiling, otherwise possibly cause the focus disalignment of popping one's head in.
Profiling need be at first carried out in detection; The operation detection system reads the critical boundaries point on rectangular metal bar to be measured surface, supplies system reconfiguration to go out the general shape of rectangular metal bar to be measured, carries out the profiling scanning then; Obtain the geological information on rectangular metal bar to be measured surface; The rectangular metal bar model to be measured that generates when revising the boundary profiling generates position, motor point file, can generate respectively according to the difference of Scan pitch to sweep in advance and formal scanning file; Then, system sweeps and actual scanning through drive unit 4 fast in advance, obtains the scanning data through ultrasound wave capture card 31, and carries out real time imagery, supplies the user to analyze.
The profile copying technology of rectangular metal bar to be measured comprises two parts: mechanical profiling and software profiling.Adopt scanning mechanism 5 to carry out mechanical profiling, the probe vibration and the skew that utilize scanning mechanism 5 restrictions to be brought by rectangular metal bar air spots to be measured guarantee the tram and the water journey distance of popping one's head in.If mechanical profiling can't be accomplished ultrasonic scanning, at this moment need adopt the software profiling method to measure, adjust the pose of probe through scanning mechanism 5.If rectangular metal bar to be measured itself is longer, when occuring bending and deformation easily, also need carries out the software profiling, otherwise possibly cause probe to squint.
Improve the precision methods that detects and have following several kinds: 1. realize X, Y, Z shaft alignement through compensation; 2. carrying out acoustics through 1 the ultrasonic vision function of popping one's head in aims at; 3. realize the gap software compensation; 4. adopt the method for isolating tank to solve bar 9 to be measured and rotate the water turbulence that causes.
In the ultrasound examination of routine; The most frequently used display mode is that A sweep shows, B scanning shows and c scanning shows; Wherein: A sweep shows it is that a kind of amplitude mode shows (Amplitude Modulation Display); Horizontal ordinate is represented the travel-time (distance) of flaw echo, and ordinate is represented the amplitude of flaw echo, and consequently a kind of waveform shows.B scanning shows it is that a kind of briliancy modulation shows (Brightness Modulation Display); The echo amplitude that it shows the A type carries out the briliancy modulation; If the horizontal ordinate with display is represented probe positions; With ordinate represent the to pop one's head in propagation distance of launching beam, then when probe is straight-line, can show the interface figure that moves straight line and the decision of probe transmit beam axis by probe.C scanning shows it is a kind of display mode of surveying in the degree of depth (Constant Depth), and vertical, the horizontal ordinate of display represented probe respectively at rectangular metal bar 9 lip-deep vertical, horizontal ordinates to be measured, and promptly the luminous point on the display is represented the position of detecting a flaw.Probe detected echo amplitude in the selected depth scope shows with the briliancy modulation, thereby obtains a width of cloth and the parallel sectional image in rectangular metal bar to be measured 9 surfaces, i.e. top view.
In these imaging modes, the scanning images displayed is extensively adopted, but this imaging mode can't provide the details of each point on this cross section.In order further to analyze the quality condition of member to be detected, a lot of ultrasonic imaging systems often adopt the method for combined imaging, and the details of the each point in the two-dimentional C image are provided.Relatively commonly used have following several kinds of modes:
(1) C+V (Value) imaging shows: when showing the C scan image, provide the coordinate figure, imaging value (depth of defect or peak value) of cursor place image etc., and the interactive interface with the user is provided.
(2) the C+A imaging shows: when showing the C scan image, provide the A flaw detection signal waveform curve of cursor place picture point.
(3) C+B on the sweep trace shows: when showing the C scan image, show through the Type B image on the C scanning section of the selected pixel of cursor.
Specifically, this A+B+C ultrasonic imaging mode is exactly to replace C image truly with a rectangle, and this rectangle is divided into several little rectangles according to the Scan pitch of reality, and each little rectangle is corresponding to an axial cross section of flat bar to be measured.
If find that in the scanning process there is defective in a certain cross section, the little rectangle corresponding with this cross section just filled out in the palette and the corresponding color of this defect size; If there is not defective, little rectangle is just filled out the corresponding color of normal condition in the palette.
Simultaneously, also will dynamically show the A image that reflection is worked as the B image of starting section state and reflected current scanning dotted state on the interface.This system can preserve the all-wave sampled data of each point and the B scan-data in each cross section in scanning process.After scanning is accomplished; Can adopt different analytical parameters to carry out the off-line imaging again; Can also carry out analysis, can from the sampled data file of preserving, read peak value, transit time data and the high-speed sampling data of ultrasonic echo, carry out combined imaging and show based on imaging point.
Described detection system can be hardware platform with PC, is software platform with windows operating system.Said system has manually and functions such as automatic editor, job sequence editor, INTERPOLATION CONTROL OF PULSE, track while scan demonstration and network service, through mutually combining of software, accomplishes the 5-axis movement of Ultrasonic Nondestructive automatic sweep apparatus.
What need describe is; It is one of best embodiment of the present invention that detection method of the present invention is applied to detect the rectangular metal bar; The present invention can also be applied to line shaft, electrical network electrical fitting, electric contacting piece and contact nets in electrified railways parts of Non-Destructive Testing high ferro or the like, for it operates under high strength the quality safety guarantee is provided.
Above disclosedly be merely a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, can not limit the present invention's interest field certainly with this, the equivalent variations of therefore doing according to claim of the present invention still belongs to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (4)
1. detection method that detects the rectangular metal bar is characterized in that: said method adopts the line focus probe, utilizes pulse reflection method that the rectangular metal bar is carried out the compressional wave flaw detection.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: said method adopts following steps:
Step 1: installing flat probe and TR pop one's head on pick-up unit;
Step 2: do not carry out sweeping in advance fast of high speed and big spacing to having the rectangular metal bar to be measured in the entry;
Step 3:, adopt the TR probe to carry out defects detection when sweeping in advance fast when showing that there is defective in the nearly surface of rectangular metal bar to be measured; Or, adopt flat probe to detect when sweeping in advance fast when showing that there is defective in rectangular metal bar core to be measured;
Step 4: according to the detected value of flat probe and TR probe, the shape of reconstruct rectangular metal bar to be measured.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the shape of the rectangular metal bar to be measured of the reconstruct in the said step 4 is vibration and the skew according to said probe, reconstructs the basic outer shape of rectangular metal bar to be measured.
4. the detection system of a rectangular metal bar, it is characterized in that: said system comprises:
Pick-up unit: utilize the flat probe of installing on it and TR probe to detect bar to be measured, and send detection signal;
Ultra-sonic defect detector: be electrically connected with said probe, be used to receive and transmit the detection signal that the probe on the said pick-up unit sends;
Industrial computer: be equiped with ultrasound wave capture card, serial line interface and input media on it; Said ultrasound wave capture card is connected with said ultra-sonic defect detector; Be used to receive the signal that said ultra-sonic defect detector transmits, and send respective drive signal through said serial line interface;
Drive unit: be electrically connected with said serial line interface, according to said drive signal running;
Scanning mechanism: be connected with said drive unit, and with the running campaign of said drive unit;
Tank: said rectangular metal bar to be measured is placed in one, and does not go into below the liquid levels in the tank;
Said pick-up unit is installed on the said scanning mechanism; When said input media input detects instruction; Drive said scanister motion through said drive unit; Make said scanning probe rectangular metal bar to be measured, and detection signal is sent to said industrial computer through said ultra-sonic defect detector and ultrasound wave capture card; After said industrial computer is handled said detection signal, the output testing result.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103822970A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-05-28 | 吉林大学 | Portable full automatic resistance spot welding ultrasonic detecting instrument and detecting method |
| CN105784844A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-20 | 西安天力金属复合材料有限公司 | Device and method for detecting interface ultrasonic imaging of laminar metallic composite |
| CN106841398A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-06-13 | 吉林大学 | The positioning supersonic detection device and method of curved surface weldment |
| CN108401446A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-08-14 | 深圳市华显光学仪器有限公司 | From moving axes microscope |
| CN108692853A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-10-23 | 成都众柴科技有限公司 | Bolt stress and internal flaw realtime on-line monitoring method and system |
| CN112363456A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-12 | 上海交通大学 | Surface profile automatic tracking method based on ultrasonic measurement |
| CN112816557A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-18 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Defect detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| TWI774546B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-08-11 | 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 | Steel defect sample preparation method for ultrasonic flaw detector-assisted positioning |
| CN115575498A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-01-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ultrasonic online detection method for weld defects of aircraft tire welding ring core |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103822970A (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2014-05-28 | 吉林大学 | Portable full automatic resistance spot welding ultrasonic detecting instrument and detecting method |
| CN103822970B (en) * | 2014-03-05 | 2016-03-23 | 吉林大学 | A kind of portable resistor spot welding Automatic ultrasonic testing instrument and detection method |
| CN105784844A (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2016-07-20 | 西安天力金属复合材料有限公司 | Device and method for detecting interface ultrasonic imaging of laminar metallic composite |
| CN105784844B (en) * | 2016-03-03 | 2018-11-27 | 西安天力金属复合材料有限公司 | A kind of laminated-metal composite interface ultrasonic imaging detection device and method |
| CN106841398A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-06-13 | 吉林大学 | The positioning supersonic detection device and method of curved surface weldment |
| CN106841398B (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-12-26 | 吉林大学 | The positioning supersonic detection device and method of curved surface weldment |
| CN108401446A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2018-08-14 | 深圳市华显光学仪器有限公司 | From moving axes microscope |
| CN108692853A (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-10-23 | 成都众柴科技有限公司 | Bolt stress and internal flaw realtime on-line monitoring method and system |
| CN112816557A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-18 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Defect detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN112363456A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-12 | 上海交通大学 | Surface profile automatic tracking method based on ultrasonic measurement |
| TWI774546B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-08-11 | 中國鋼鐵股份有限公司 | Steel defect sample preparation method for ultrasonic flaw detector-assisted positioning |
| CN115575498A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-01-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ultrasonic online detection method for weld defects of aircraft tire welding ring core |
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Application publication date: 20120620 |