CN102468678A - Power grid optimization direct current charging system - Google Patents
Power grid optimization direct current charging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102468678A CN102468678A CN2010105526477A CN201010552647A CN102468678A CN 102468678 A CN102468678 A CN 102468678A CN 2010105526477 A CN2010105526477 A CN 2010105526477A CN 201010552647 A CN201010552647 A CN 201010552647A CN 102468678 A CN102468678 A CN 102468678A
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005477 standard model Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a power grid optimization direct current charging system, which comprises: the battery pack matrix is used for storing electric energy and providing direct current charging; bidirectional power electronics for controlling charging and discharging between the battery pack matrix and a power grid in cooperation with a battery control and management system; the battery control and management system is used for ensuring the normal work of the battery pack matrix through temperature control, cell balance and charging state management; the electric vehicle direct current charging equipment and the port are used for charging a plurality of electric vehicles at the same time through the direct current charging port with the electric energy stored in the battery matrix. The embodiment of the invention can provide services such as load balance, frequency regulation and the like for the power grid while providing direct current quick charging for the electric automobile by using the energy stored in the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power grids, in particular to a power grid optimization direct-current charging system.
Background
1. Battery technology
In recent years, the energy density and cycle life of electrode materials of lithium ion batteries have been improved significantly compared to the past. It is expected that the cell energy density may exceed 200wh/kg by 2015. The room temperature cycle life may be greater than 5000 times at 70% depth of discharge and greater than 12000 times at 60% depth of discharge. We expect that the design capacity of the cells (100-80% of the starting capacity) can be maintained for 7 years at maximum usage (5 charges per day). At the minimum usage (1 charge per day), the cell design capacity can be maintained for 33 years. If the cells continue to be used below the design capacity (80-40% of the starting capacity), the life span can be increased by another 4-7 years at maximum usage.
Although the energy density and cycle life of the battery electrode material can theoretically meet the requirements of power grid application, the battery electrode material cannot be popularized in a large amount in practical application. The main reason is that the current technical level still cannot solve the reliability problem of a large number of cell connections, and the problems of state of charge estimation accuracy and cell dynamic balance.
2. Application of battery technology in smart grid
At present, the development of the smart grid technology in europe and the united states is mature, and one important component is to provide services such as load balancing, frequency regulation and the like for a power grid by utilizing the rapid storage function of a novel battery pack for electric energy. The function can enable the intelligent power grid to control information interaction between the center and the power grid equipment through an intelligent technical system for adjusting power generation and optimizing load balance of power consumption equipment, thereby achieving the purposes of reliability, safety, economy, high efficiency, environmental friendliness and safe use of power grid operation.
Due to a plurality of new technologies such as accelerated construction of digital substations and digital control and data communication using IEC61850 standard in recent years, integration of large-scale battery packs and power grids is possible. Several demonstrative projects have been made in the united states and europe to verify the feasibility of providing load-sharing and frequency-conditioning services with battery power, as well as the possibility of using batteries to store renewable energy sources. Although this technology is still in the experimental stage due to the cost and the limitations of the battery management system technology, it is not very functional and has a short battery life.
3. DC charging technology
The development of electric vehicles has also entered a practical stage internationally recently. With the increasing use of electric vehicles, the demand for charging stations is increasing. At present, alternating current and direct current charging stations at home and abroad adopt a mode of directly transforming electricity from a power grid to obtain electric energy. However, given the design capabilities of current grid loads, the large amount of energy required for electric vehicle fast charging stations is expected to place significant stress on existing grid structures and may reduce the overall efficiency of the grid. Therefore, although the hardware and software technologies required by the dc charging station are mature at present, the integration of the dc charging station with the smart grid is still a problem to be solved. Another challenge is that the standards of the dc charger and the charging interface and command communication of the electric vehicle are not yet established. It is expected that by 2012, the formulation of the standard will be completed worldwide.
To date, no application has been found that provides dc fast charging using large battery power supplies, mainly due to the cost prohibitive due to the immaturity of the battery management system.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a power grid optimization direct current charging system and a power grid optimization direct current charging method, which utilize a novel battery pack to rapidly store electric energy, integrate the functions of an intelligent power grid optimization technology and an electric vehicle direct current charging technology, and can provide services such as load balancing, frequency adjustment and the like for a power grid while utilizing the stored energy stored in a battery to provide direct current rapid charging for an electric vehicle.
To achieve the above object, an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a grid-optimized dc charging system, including:
the battery pack matrix is used for storing electric energy and providing direct current charging;
bidirectional power electronics for controlling charging and discharging between the battery pack matrix and a power grid in cooperation with a battery control and management system;
the battery control and management system is used for ensuring the normal work of the battery pack matrix through temperature control, cell balance and charging state management;
the electric vehicle direct current charging equipment and the port are used for charging a plurality of electric vehicles at the same time through the direct current charging port with the electric energy stored in the battery matrix.
The battery pack matrix is connected with a power grid through the bidirectional power electronic equipment.
The battery control and management system manages data and command communications between the charging station and the power grid, and operates the safety system of the charging station.
The distribution of the battery pack matrix is formed by arranging a plurality of battery cells in a parallel-serial-parallel-serial mode.
Each group of the battery cells are connected in parallel to form a module, each module is provided with a sensor for measuring temperature, voltage and current, and the module is used for estimating the state of charge.
And connecting a plurality of modules in series to form a battery box, and connecting the battery box in parallel to form a battery pack frame, wherein the battery pack matrix is formed by connecting the plurality of battery pack frames in series.
The cooling of the module is air cooling or liquid cooling; the liquid cooling is to build a cooling circulation cooling fin under the battery box, and the cooling fin is integrated into a part of the battery pack frame.
Each of the battery racks in series is isolated by a contactor under the control of a battery control and management system.
And each battery pack frame is provided with an intelligent short circuit detection device to provide the safety protection of the battery pack frame.
And a plurality of battery boxes are stacked and connected in parallel on each battery pack frame.
The battery control and management system includes:
the state of charge estimation unit is used for estimating the state of charge by taking the voltage and the current temperature of each module as input data;
the power and state of charge value setting unit is used for managing the discharge speed by limiting the discharge power according to the running condition of the battery power supply;
the battery matrix balancing strategy unit is used for carrying out dynamic cell balancing on the battery when the battery is fully charged;
and the module fault automatic detection unit is used for automatically detecting the faults of the wiring or the battery pack matrix, sending out a warning signal to remind a problem area when the faults occur, and automatically cutting off the contactor so as to isolate the fault part of the battery pack matrix under the condition of serious faults.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. and (4) charging the electric vehicle, namely providing electric energy for the electric vehicle as a direct current to direct current charging station.
2. Load balancing-charging the battery matrix at low peak and then feeding back to the grid at peak according to the grid load management strategy to achieve effective critical load protection and load balancing.
3. Grid system regulation-both bidirectional power electronic equipment in the grid optimization charging system can be used as a power coefficient correction device for improving the grid efficiency, and the charging and discharging can be carried out quickly according to the instructions of a control algorithm of a grid or battery control and management system (C), so that the grid power quality indexes including voltage deviation, frequency deviation, three-phase imbalance, harmonic waves, flicker, voltage dip, sudden rise and the like are improved.
4. Integration of renewable energy sources-to store electrical energy generated by renewable energy power generation equipment such as windmills, solar panels, etc.
5. Reducing the reserve capacity of the power plant-the electrical energy stored in the battery can be quickly deployed back to the grid, thereby reducing the demand for reserve capacity of the power plant and improving the ability of the power plant to react to sudden load changes.
6. Load modeling-the battery charging load can be dynamically adjusted as needed for grid optimization based on the action signals provided by the grid control device.
7. Uninterruptible power supply-when meeting local grid outage, the electric energy stored in the battery can provide short-term power for key units such as hospitals, data centers and the like.
The use of a matrix of battery packs as a versatile energy storage source will not only facilitate the widespread use of electric vehicles by providing fast charging services (> 200kW), but it will also allow power plant auxiliary power plants to operate more efficiently. Because the main power plant operates in a continuously optimized state, the use of auxiliary power plants is reduced and the emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide are greatly reduced. The response time of the battery matrix to changes in the grid load is much faster than that of today's grids. Its response time is in milliseconds rather than minutes for a traditional power plant.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the smart power grid optimization technology and the electric vehicle direct current charging technology are functionally integrated, so that a new concept of a power grid optimization charging system is created, and the power grid optimization charging system provides direct current quick charging for the electric vehicle by using the energy stored in the battery and simultaneously provides services such as load balancing, frequency regulation and the like for the power grid
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a relationship structure of a power grid optimized dc charging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a power grid optimization direct-current charging system, and the intelligent power grid optimization technology and the electric vehicle direct-current charging technology are functionally integrated through the embodiment of the invention, so that a new concept of the power grid optimization charging system is created, and the power grid optimization charging system provides direct-current quick charging for an electric vehicle by using energy stored in a battery and simultaneously provides services such as load balancing, frequency adjustment and the like for the power grid.
As shown in fig. 1, a structural diagram of a power grid optimized dc charging system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
the battery pack matrix A is used for storing electric energy and providing direct current charging;
the bidirectional power electronic equipment B is used for controlling charging and discharging between the battery pack matrix A and a power grid in cooperation with the battery control and management system C;
the battery control and management system C is used for ensuring the normal work of the battery pack matrix A through temperature control, cell balance and charging state management;
and the electric vehicle direct current charging equipment and the port D are used for charging a plurality of electric vehicles at the same time by the electric energy stored in the battery pack matrix A through the direct current charging port.
The battery control and management system C further comprises: a control algorithm unit and a sensing unit.
The battery matrix a is connected to the grid at all times via the bidirectional power electronics B. According to the instruction of the control algorithm of the power grid or the battery control and management system C, the bidirectional power electronic equipment B can cooperate with the battery control and management system C to control the charging and discharging of the battery pack matrix A so as to provide optimized service for the power grid. The electric energy stored in the battery pack matrix A can also charge a plurality of electric vehicles at the same time through the direct current charging device and the port D.
Wherein, the battery matrix a:
the distribution of the battery pack matrix A is formed by arranging a plurality of battery cells in a parallel-serial-parallel-serial mode, and the design can provide the highest reliability, stability and maintainability.
And each group of battery cells are connected in parallel to form a module. Each module will have sensors that measure temperature, voltage and current for estimating state of charge. Then, several modules are connected in series to form a battery box, and then, some battery boxes are connected in parallel to form a battery pack frame. The whole battery pack matrix A is formed by connecting a plurality of battery pack frames in series.
The cooling of the module may be air or liquid cooling. Liquid cooling requires the construction of cooling circulation fins under the battery box, which fins will be integrated as part of the battery rack.
The design of the battery racks is such that each battery rack in series can be isolated by a contactor under the control of the battery control and management system C in order to cope with emergency situations or to perform maintenance services. Each battery pack frame is also provided with an intelligent short circuit detection device to provide the safety protection of the battery pack frame. The entire matrix can be serviced at the battery box level-meaning that the battery box can be pulled out online for maintenance in any case without affecting the overall functionality of the battery rack or matrix system. It also has the ability to flexibly increase the total matrix capacity, which can be extended while maintaining the same dc voltage range without the need to modify the power electronics, as long as more battery packs are stacked in parallel on each battery rack.
Bidirectional power electronic device B:
the two-way power electronic equipment can adopt the existing international advanced technology, and partial modification is carried out on the capacity of the battery pack matrix on the basis of the standard model, so that the two-way power electronic equipment can be networked.
The data and instruction communication between the bidirectional power electronic equipment and the smart grid complies with the IEC61850 communication protocol, receives the operation instructions of operators on duty in the regional information processing center station and regional intelligent layer dispatchers of the smart grid, and can complete the programmed operation without human intervention according to the instructions so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing the power grid.
The battery control and management system C includes: the system comprises a charge state estimation unit, a power and charge state value setting unit, a battery matrix balance strategy unit and a module fault automatic detection unit; wherein,
a state of charge estimation unit: the state of charge of the battery matrix can be accurately predicted at any operating interval (error < 3%). The state of charge estimation algorithm takes into account the voltage, current and temperature of each module and uses them as input data to estimate the state of charge. Control of battery state of charge is one of the most critical factors in determining the life of the battery matrix, and it is also used to calculate how much stored energy in the battery matrix is available for charging services.
A power and state of charge value setting unit: the cell used by the battery matrix is designed according to the 3c charge-discharge speed. At a 3c discharge rate, a fully charged battery matrix may provide half an hour of power for about 6000 households. The control software of the battery management system manages the discharge speed by limiting the discharge power according to the running condition of the battery power supply. It can also maximally extend the life of the battery by controlling the depth of battery discharge (DoD). Under normal conditions, the depth of discharge will remain below 80% of the total capacity.
Cell matrix balancing strategy unit: the individual cells/modules will employ dynamic balancing to extend life and improve utilization efficiency. To conserve energy and reduce heat generation, the battery will be dynamically cell balanced each time the battery is fully charged.
Module failure automatic detection unit: we will have a special method to automatically detect any wiring or battery matrix faults and once a problem is found, the battery control and management system C can issue a warning signal to alert the administrator of the problem area. It also automatically shuts off the contactors in case of a catastrophic failure to isolate the faulty section of the battery matrix a.
The battery control and management system C will ensure that the battery matrix a operates under optimal conditions through temperature control, cell balancing, and state of charge management. It will also manage the data and command communications between the charging station and the grid and operate the safety system of the charging station.
Electric vehicle direct current charging equipment and port D:
the direct current charging equipment and the port D of the electric vehicle adopt SAE or IEC charging standards and have the capability of 1, 2 and 3-level direct current charging. The maximum voltage can reach 600V, the maximum current is 400A, and the charging time and the charging speed are controlled by an automobile battery management system. Communication between the two devices during the charge preparation will use the communication protocol specified by the SAE or IEC charging standard to confirm battery capacity and safety status.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the present invention may be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly may also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases, the former is a better embodiment. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute the methods according to the embodiments of the present invention.
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A grid optimized dc charging system, comprising:
the battery pack matrix is used for storing electric energy and providing direct current charging;
bidirectional power electronics for controlling charging and discharging between the battery pack matrix and a power grid in cooperation with a battery control and management system;
the battery control and management system is used for ensuring the normal work of the battery pack matrix through temperature control, cell balance and charging state management;
the electric vehicle direct current charging equipment and the port are used for charging a plurality of electric vehicles at the same time through the direct current charging port with the electric energy stored in the battery matrix.
2. A grid optimized dc charging system according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack matrix is connected to the grid through the bi-directional power electronics device.
3. A grid optimized dc charging system according to claim 2, wherein the battery control and management system manages the communication of data and commands between the charging station and the grid and operates the safety system of the charging station.
4. The grid-optimized dc charging system of claim 2, wherein the battery matrix is distributed by arranging a plurality of cells in a parallel-serial-parallel-serial manner.
5. The grid optimized dc charging system of claim 4, wherein each group of said cells are connected in parallel into modules, each of said modules having sensors for measuring temperature, voltage and current, said modules being configured to estimate state of charge.
6. A grid optimized DC charging system according to claim 5, wherein a plurality of said modules are connected in series to form a battery box, and said battery box is connected in parallel to form a battery rack, and said battery matrix is formed by connecting said plurality of battery racks in series.
7. A grid optimized DC charging system according to claim 6, wherein the cooling of the modules is air or liquid cooling; the liquid cooling is to build a cooling circulation cooling fin under the battery box, and the cooling fin is integrated into a part of the battery pack frame.
8. A grid optimized dc charging system according to claim 7, wherein each series connected battery rack is isolated by a contactor under the control of a battery control and management system.
9. A grid optimized dc charging system according to claim 8, wherein each said battery rack is fitted with an intelligent short detection device to provide safety protection for said battery rack.
10. A grid optimized dc charging system according to claim 9, wherein a plurality of battery boxes are stacked in parallel on each battery rack.
11. A grid optimized dc charging system according to claim 1, wherein the battery control and management system comprises:
the state of charge estimation unit is used for estimating the state of charge by taking the voltage and the current temperature of each module as input data;
the power and state of charge value setting unit is used for managing the discharge speed by limiting the discharge power according to the running condition of the battery power supply;
the battery matrix balancing strategy unit is used for carrying out dynamic cell balancing on the battery when the battery is fully charged;
and the module fault automatic detection unit is used for automatically detecting the faults of the wiring or the battery pack matrix, sending out a warning signal to remind a problem area when the faults occur, and automatically cutting off the contactor so as to isolate the fault part of the battery pack matrix under the condition of serious faults.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105526477A CN102468678A (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2010-11-17 | Power grid optimization direct current charging system |
| PCT/CN2011/076171 WO2012065441A1 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2011-06-23 | Dc charging system for optimising grid |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105526477A CN102468678A (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2010-11-17 | Power grid optimization direct current charging system |
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| CN102468678A true CN102468678A (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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| WO (1) | WO2012065441A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106033904A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-10-19 | 深圳奥特迅电力设备股份有限公司 | Matrix-type flexible charging pile and charging method capable of dynamically allocating power |
| CN106059024A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-10-26 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Large-power rapid charging converter for family electric car |
| CN106160017A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 温州大学 | Based on current-sharing deviation expected matrix row and minimum parallel operation system optimized control method |
| CN111404168A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-07-10 | 重庆邮电大学 | Flexible air conditioner load-based dispatching system and method for stabilizing overload of transformer substation |
| CN112688347A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-04-20 | 国网上海市电力公司 | System and method for smoothing load fluctuation of power grid |
| CN116387658A (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-07-04 | 深圳和润达科技有限公司 | System and method for realizing energy balance scheduling strategy |
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| US8901888B1 (en) | 2013-07-16 | 2014-12-02 | Christopher V. Beckman | Batteries for optimizing output and charge balance with adjustable, exportable and addressable characteristics |
| CN104617592B (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2019-04-09 | 国家电网公司 | The control method and device of energy-storage system |
| CN109274138B (en) * | 2017-07-13 | 2024-04-09 | 周锡卫 | Control method of mobile energy storage charging system of multifunctional electric automobile based on combination of multiple energy storage modules |
| CN114977379B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2024-10-01 | 北京海泰微纳科技发展有限公司 | Battery echelon utilization system and centralized energy storage power station |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106033904A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2016-10-19 | 深圳奥特迅电力设备股份有限公司 | Matrix-type flexible charging pile and charging method capable of dynamically allocating power |
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| CN111404168A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-07-10 | 重庆邮电大学 | Flexible air conditioner load-based dispatching system and method for stabilizing overload of transformer substation |
| CN111404168B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2023-06-16 | 重庆邮电大学 | Flexible air conditioner load-based dispatching system and method for stabilizing overload of transformer substation |
| CN112688347A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-04-20 | 国网上海市电力公司 | System and method for smoothing load fluctuation of power grid |
| CN112688347B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2024-07-02 | 国网上海市电力公司 | Grid load fluctuation smoothing system and method |
| CN116387658A (en) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-07-04 | 深圳和润达科技有限公司 | System and method for realizing energy balance scheduling strategy |
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