CN102205789A - 混合式驱动传动系统 - Google Patents
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- Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的混合式驱动传动系统,其包含一个用于内燃机式行驶的内燃机和至少一个用于电行驶的电机(1)以及一个双离合器变速器,其中电机(1)能够经由至少一个构造成湿式运行的、液压操纵的盘式离合器的分离离合器(3)与内燃机分离,并且分离离合器(3)的外盘支架(4)和双离合器变速器的两个盘式离合器的外盘支架(5,5A)连接并且支承在变速器壳体(6)上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据在权利要求1的前序部分中详细定义类型的用于车辆的混合式驱动传动系统(Hybridantriebsanordnung)。
背景技术
由车辆技术已知用于车辆的混合式驱动传动系统,其包含用于内燃机式行驶的内燃机和用于电行驶的电机以及变速器。特别是在并联混合式系统中在电机和内燃机之间需要分离离合器,以便在电行驶期间能够将内燃机脱接。分离离合器可以设计成干式的盘式离合器或湿式的盘式离合器。在具有干式运行(无润滑运行)的电机的混合模块中,作为分离离合器的湿式的盘式离合器设计成封闭的模块。由于这种作为独立模块的设计,其需要附加的用于旋转部件的支承件和密封件,这明显提高了构造空间需求。此外在独立的离合器模块中由于中心的压力介质引导而产生非所期望的阻力矩,由此提高了损失功率并且此外离合器被加热。
发明内容
由此出发,本发明的任务在于这样构成混合式驱动传动系统,使得存在尽可能小的构造空间需求并且在分离离合器的打开状态下产生尽可能小的阻力矩。
这个任务根据本发明通过根据权利要求1的特征解决,其中其它有利的构造由从属权利要求和附图得出。
因此建议一种用于车辆的混合式驱动传动系统,其包含一个用于内燃机式行驶的内燃机和至少一个用于电行驶的电机以及一个双离合器变速器,其中电机能够经由至少一个优选构造成湿式的、液压操纵的盘式离合器的分离离合器与内燃机分离。根据本发明,分离离合器的外盘支架和双离合器变速器的两个盘式离合器的外盘支架连接并且共同地支承在变速器壳体上。
通过根据本发明的混合式驱动传动系统的分离离合器和双离合器的集成构造,通过去除密封件和轴承元件和所属的连接点达到了短的构造长度和减小的重量。在所建议的混合式驱动传动系统中由于所述结构构造,不会阻止用于分离离合器的冷却油的流出,从而阻力矩至少被降低到最小。此外双离合器的功能也不会由于分离离合器的回流的冷却油而受到影响。
本发明的一个优选实施变体可以规定,分离离合器的外盘支架和双离合器变速器的双离合器的盘式离合器的外盘支架构成为一件式的并且该构件在两侧支承在变速器壳体中。也可能的是,分离离合器的外盘支架和双离合器的外盘支架或环形铁心(Torus)经由至少一种可拆卸的连接相耦合,其中这种可拆卸的连接优选设计成无间隙的。可拆卸的连接可以例如在小的直径上通过合适的轴-毂连接或类似连接来实现。例如在较大的直径上,所述可拆卸的连接可以借助于法兰连接或类似连接实现。由此根据本发明的混合式驱动传动系统的混合模块能够有如添加方案以最简单的方式与现有的双离合器组合。
为了在所建议的混合式驱动传动系统中尽可能简单地设计电机的支承,可以在下一个进一步构造的范围内规定,分离离合器的外盘支架与电机的转子连接。通过这种方式,外盘支架组合的支承件同时也用于支承电机。
为了将内盘支架间接地支承在变速器壳体中,可以在本发明的下一个构造的范围内规定,分离离合器的内盘支架在轴向和/或径向方向上例如在两侧支承在外盘支架组合中。为了实现向双离合器变速器的扭矩传递,双离合器的内盘支架与双离合器变速器的相应配设的分变速器的输入轴耦合。
为了实现用于例如分离离合器的充分的压力介质或油供给,在根据本发明的混合式驱动传动系统中可以规定,在双离合器变速器的其中一个输入轴中设置至少一个孔或类似件,以用于供给用于操纵和冷却分离离合器的压力油及冷却油。也可以考虑选择其它方式的压力介质供给。
为了分配相应用于冷却和操纵的压力介质量,例如可以设置一个限流阀或类似件形式的可调节的节流板。通过这种方式分配所提供的压力介质流。一部分压力介质被输送给活塞腔以操纵分离离合器并且输送给盘叠以用于润滑或冷却目的,另外一部分压力介质被供给所谓的离心力平衡室。润滑-冷却油经由在小直径上的环形间隙或类似件流入分离离合器的内盘支架并且例如通过其它的孔流向盘叠。有利地可以因此如此利用盘叠的通过旋转的离合器盘形成的的抽吸作用,以便将冷却油沿径向向外输送。优选离合器盘的衬里具有槽或类似件。例如通过在外盘支架中的孔或类似件,润滑-冷却油重新流回到变速器油底壳中,而不会被引导穿过双离合器的环形铁心。
当电机的线圈装置例如位于变速器壳体的油室或湿室内时,线圈装置可能被飞溅的油或压力介质溅到。为阻止这种情况,可以根据本发明例如在变速器壳体中在电机和变速器油底壳之间设置防溅挡板或类似件,其优选具有迷宫式密封或类似件。当例如使用湿式运行的电机作为电机时,也可以去除防溅挡板并且由分离离合器飞溅出来的油或压力介质被用来冷却电机的线圈装置。
在所建议的分离离合器和双离合器的集成构造中,分离离合器的油或压力介质有利地被围绕双离合器的环形铁心引导,从而由此双离合器变速器的盘式离合器的油或压力介质收支不会被不利地影响。
通过这种方式,即在所建议的混合式驱动传动系统中例如用于操纵分离离合器的、在活塞腔内的活塞和在离心力平衡室中的挡溅板(Stauscheibe)经由分离离合器的外盘支架与电机的转子连接,那么活塞和挡溅板以电机的转速一起运动。由此确保了,在电行驶和滑跑的运行模式时(在这些情况下分离离合器是打开的),总是保持满足离心力平衡。由此当此外内燃机需要起动时得到离合器闭合过程的短的反应时间和正面的可调节性。因此内燃机的重新起动能够无时间延迟地实现。
在根据本发明建议的混合式驱动传动系统的设计中基于混合模块的集成构造,仅仅需要径向轴密封圈以向外密封。
根据本发明的另外一个可能的实施变体可以规定,在变速器壳体中的轴承盖或类似件构成为将湿室(在该湿室中安装分离离合器和双离合器的组合)与用于电机的干室分离或隔开。由此可能的是,使用干式运行的电机。轴承盖在此可以构成为一件式的或由多个部分组成。由于借助于轴承盖对变速器壳体的划分,可能需要一个其它的轴密封圈,其优选构成为一起旋转的密封圈。有利的是,该密封圈构成为对外密封的。在这种情况下密封圈可以固定安装在与曲轴连接的驱动轴上。在车辆的电行驶时,密封圈保持静止并且在轴端的孔中动态地密封,该轴端与两种离合器的外盘支架组合相连接。然而也可能的是,轴密封件设计成对内密封的轴密封圈。
本发明的一个接下来的可能的实施变体可以规定其它的用于上述的实施变体的轴承设计,其中例如分离离合器的内盘支架经由至少一个径向轴承和多个轴向轴承支承。
与相应的实施变体无关,在所建议的混合式驱动传动系统中可以规定,内燃机为了缓冲扭转振动而经由合适的扭转减振器与双离合器变速器耦合。
附图说明
接下来本发明借助于附图进一步阐述,在附图中示例地示出本发明的多个不同实施变体。详细示出:
图1根据本发明的混合式驱动传动系统的一个可能的第一实施变体的示意图,其具有分离离合器和双离合器的一件式的离合器组合;
图2混合式驱动传动系统的一个第二实施变体的示意图,其具有由多个部分组成的离合器组合;
图3混合式驱动传动系统的一个第三实施变体的示意图,其具有用于分离用于电机的干室的轴承盖;
图4根据图3的替代的实施方式的示意图;
图5混合式驱动传动系统的一个第四实施变体的示意图,其具有替代的轴承构成;以及
图6根据图5的替代的实施方式的示意图。
具体实施方式
在附图中示出根据本发明的用于车辆的混合式驱动传动系统的多个不同的实施变体。与相应的实施变体无关地,混合式驱动传动系统包含一个用于内燃机式行驶的内燃机和至少一个用于电行驶的电机1以及一个具有双离合器2的双离合器变速器。电机1能够经由构造成湿式运行的、液压操纵的盘式离合器的分离离合器3与内燃机分离。
根据本发明规定,分离离合器3的外盘支架4与双离合器变速器的设计成盘式离合器的双离合器2的外盘支架5、5A连接并且共同地支承在变速器壳体6上。通过这种方式,分离离合器和双离合器的外盘支架组合作为高度集成的系统实现。
根据图1,分离离合器3的外盘支架4和双离合器2的两个外盘支架5、5A的外盘支架组合构成为一件式的并且在变速器壳体6中支承在两侧。在分离离合器3的外盘支架4上固定电机1的转子7。由此,外盘支架组合的支承件8、8A同时也用作电机1的支承件。分离离合器3的内盘支架9沿轴向和沿径向在两侧经由轴承位置(Lagerstelle)10、10A经由外盘支架组合的支承件8、8A间接支承在变速器壳体6上。双离合器2的内盘支架11、11A与双离合器变速器的相应所属的分变速器的配设的输入轴12、12A耦合。
为了供给压力介质或油以冷却和操纵分离离合器3,在双离合器变速器的输入轴12中设置一个仅仅在附图5和6中示意示出的孔13。通过在分离离合器3的内盘支架9的轴15中的可调节的节流板14,该轴具有用于回转连接(Drehdurchfühurng)的密封件22、22A,油流被划分成操纵油量和冷却油量。相应的油流而后被输送给活塞腔16以克服复位弹簧20的力来操纵分离离合器3的活塞17并且被输送给离心力平衡室18,在该离心力平衡室中设置挡溅板19。活塞腔16配备活塞密封件23、23A。过剩的油经由小直径的环形间隙21作为冷却油流入分离离合器3的内盘支架9并且通过未进一步示出的孔流向分离离合器3的盘叠。此后,冷却油通过分离离合器3的通过旋转的离合器盘形成的抽吸作用被抽吸通过盘叠并且通过分离离合器3的外盘支架4中的同样未进一步示出的孔返回到变速器油底壳中。
为了使得电机1的同样位于变速器壳体6的油室或湿室29中的线圈24不直接被飞溅的油作用,在电机1和变速器油底壳之间设置一个具有迷宫式密封的防溅挡板25。混合模块通过径向轴密封圈26朝外密封。
在图2中示出混合式驱动传动系统的一个第二实施变体,其中与第一实施变体不同,分离离合器3和双离合器2的外盘支架组合是由两部分组成的。这意味着,分离离合器3的外盘支架4经由一个无间隙的可拆卸的连接27与外盘支架5、5A连接。由此混合模块可以有如积木式方案与现有的双离合器轻易地组合。
根据图3,示出根据本发明的混合式驱动传动系统的一个第三实施变体,其中经由轴承盖28的特殊构造将湿室29(在该湿室中安装所述离合器组合)与干室30分离或分开。在干室30中设置电机1,该电机在该特殊构造中也可以设计成干式运行的。设置一个一起旋转的轴密封圈31以用于密封,该轴密封圈以不能相对旋转的方式装配在与内燃机的曲轴连接的驱动轴32上。密封圈31设计成对外部密封的轴密封圈。在电行驶时,该密封圈保持静止并且在与外盘支架组合连接的轴端的孔中动态地密封。
在图4中示出的替代的实施变体与在图3中示出的实施变体的区别仅仅在于,分离离合器3的外盘支架4与双离合器2的外盘支架5、5A经由可拆卸的连接27进行连接。
在图5中示出混合式驱动传动系统的一个第四实施变体,其中示出一个特别是用于上述的实施变体的替代的轴承设计。在该替代的轴承设计的范围中,分离离合器3的内盘支架9通过一个径向轴承33和两个轴向轴承34、34A支承。
在图6中示出的替代的实施方式与通过图5示出的实施变体的区别仅仅在于:轴承盖28由多部分组成并且经由一个附加的轴承位置35支承在分离离合器3的内盘支架9的轴15上。
附图标记清单
1 电机
2 双离合器
3 分离离合器
4 分离离合器的外盘支架
5、5A 双离合器的外盘支架
6 变速器壳体
7 电机的转子
8、8A 外盘支架组合的支承件
9 分离离合器的内盘支架
10、10A 内盘支架的轴承位置
11、11A 双离合器的内盘支架
12、12A 分变速器的输入轴
13 用于压力介质供给的孔
14 可调节的节流板
15 内盘支架的轴
16 活塞腔
17 活塞
18 离心力平衡室
19 挡溅板
20 复位弹簧
21 环形间隙
22、22A 用于回转连接的密封件
23、23A 活塞密封件
24 电机的线圈
25 防溅挡板
26 径向轴密封圈
27 可拆卸的连接
28 轴承盖
29 湿室
30 干室
31 轴密封圈
32 驱动轴
33 径向轴承
34、34A 轴向轴承
35 用于轴承盖的轴承位置
Claims (16)
1.用于车辆的混合式驱动传动系统,其包含一个用于内燃机式行驶的内燃机和至少一个用于电行驶的电机(1)以及一个双离合器变速器,其中电机(1)能够经由至少一个构造成湿式运行的、液压操纵的盘式离合器的分离离合器(3)与内燃机分离,其特征在于,分离离合器(3)的外盘支架(4)和双离合器变速器的两个盘式离合器的外盘支架(5,5A)连接并且支承在变速器壳体(6)上。
2.如权利要求1所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,分离离合器(3)的外盘支架(4)和双离合器变速器的双离合器(2)的外盘支架(5,5A)经由至少一种可拆卸的连接(27)彼此连接。
3.如权利要求1所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,分离离合器(3)的外盘支架(4)和双离合器变速器的双离合器(2)的外盘支架(5,5A)构成为一件式的。
4.如上述权利要求之一项所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,分离离合器(3)的外盘支架(4)与电机(1)的转子(7)连接。
5.如上述权利要求之一项所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,分离离合器(3)的外盘支架在壳体上的支承件(8,8A)设置用作电机(1)的轴承。
6.如上述权利要求之一项所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,分离离合器(3)的内盘支架(9)至少经由分离离合器(3)的外盘支架(4)的轴承(8)间接支承在壳体上。
7.如上述权利要求之一项所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,双离合器(2)的内盘支架(11,11A)与双离合器变速器的相应配设的分变速器的输入轴(12,12A)耦合。
8.如上述权利要求之一项所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,在双离合器变速器的第一分变速器的输入轴(12)中设置至少一个孔(13)作为压力介质供给机构,以用于操纵和冷却至少分离离合器(3)。
9.如权利要求8所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,在分离离合器(3)的内盘支架(9)的轴(15)中设置一个可调节的节流板(14),以用于分配从作为用于冷却和操纵分离离合器(3)的压力介质供给机构的孔(13)出来的压力介质量。
10.如上述权利要求之一项所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,在变速器壳体(6)中在电机(1)和变速器油底壳之间设置一个防溅挡板(25)。
11.如上述权利要求之一项所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,用于操纵分离离合器(3)的活塞(17)和一个在离心力平衡室(18)中的挡溅板(19)经由分离离合器(3)的外盘支架(4)与电机(1)的转子(7)连接。
12.如上述权利要求之一项所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,包含电机(1)和分离离合器(3)的混合模块经由至少一个径向轴密封圈(26)密封。
13.如上述权利要求之一项所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,变速器壳体(6)的轴承盖(28)如此设计,使得包含分离离合器(3)和双离合器变速器的双离合器(2)的湿室(29)与用于电机(1)的干室(30)分离。
14.如权利要求13所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,轴承盖(28)经由至少一个轴承位置(35)支承在分离离合器(3)的内盘支架(9)的轴(15)上。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,设置一个一起旋转的轴密封圈(31),该轴密封圈与驱动轴(32)以不能相对旋转的方式连接。
16.如上述权利要求之一项所述的混合式驱动传动系统,其特征在于,分离离合器(3)的内盘支架(9)经由至少一个径向轴承(33)和至少两个轴向轴承(34,34A)支承。
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US20110240384A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
US8757305B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
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